CN108399577A - A kind of forest land vegetation ecological based on evapotranspiration needs the Quantizing Method of water - Google Patents
A kind of forest land vegetation ecological based on evapotranspiration needs the Quantizing Method of water Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of, and the forest land vegetation ecological based on evapotranspiration needs the Quantizing Method of water, includes the following steps：（1）Determine forest land tree and grass coverage；（2）Determine Penman-Monteith formula；（3）Determine vegetation coefficient：According to vegetation pattern, the ratio between its water requirement and Penman-Monteith formula is determined；（4）Determine soil moisture coefficient：According to the difference of forest land vegetation land occupation condition, soil moisture coefficient is determined；（5）Determine forest land vegetation ecological water demand quota；（6）Calculating forest land vegetation ecological needs water inventory.The present invention is modified forest land vegetation ecological water requirement using vegetation coefficient and soil moisture coefficient; the influence that the factors such as vegetation pattern, land occupation condition prepare forest land main water consumption project can be effectively reduced; quantitative measuring and calculating is carried out to forest land vegetation ecological reservoir storage, is of great significance to the management of regional water resource and ecological environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a quantitative measurement and calculation method for ecological water demand of forest vegetation based on evapotranspiration, and belongs to the technical field of quantitative measurement of water demand of vegetation ecosystems.
Background
Because the ecological environment is increasingly worsened due to the shortage of water resources, the ecological environment problem in arid regions is more and more concerned by people. The difference of precipitation caused by different climatic conditions and the conditions of the underlying surface forms the change of surface water resource quantity under the backgrounds of different areas. The atmospheric precipitation is firstly utilized by natural vegetation to form surface runoff which can be managed and utilized by human beings to meet the requirements of economic water quantity and ecological water quantity. Around the problems of ecological water demand, ecological water consumption and ecological water consumption in arid regions, scholars at home and abroad develop a great deal of research work on aspects of vegetation ecological water demand, hydrological processes, urban construction and the like, and summarize a method for measuring the ecological water demand of vegetation, animals, riverways and the like aiming at different research objects.
Foreign scholars divide ecological water demand into biological and non-biological environments for distinguishing research, summarize vegetation ecological water demand into stable water consumption for maintaining the physiological and ecological functions of the vegetation in different habitats, and mainly focus on water demand and water consumption research on landscape vegetation, oasis vegetation and protective forest vegetation. In the middle of the 90 s of the 20 th century, a plurality of domestic scholars develop ecological water demand related researches, and the ecological water demand researches of different scales and different research objects are developed at present. In 1997, a calculation method of the ecological water demand of the arid region is provided for the research of the ecological water demand of the northwest region, and the research process of the ecological water demand of China is promoted. Subsequently, a plurality of domestic scholars develop related research works of ecological water demand, including the aspects of theories, subareas, calculation methods, application and the like of the ecological water demand, so that the research of the ecological water demand of China gradually develops to the depth, and the national ecological water use standard is established and an ecological water demand calculation system based on the actual conditions of all regions is developed in 2003. The definition of the ecological water demand of the forest land vegetation is firstly put forward by Zhang Yuan, the forest land ecological system is regarded as a comprehensive system of forest and soil, and the ecological water demand of the forest land vegetation is considered to be the water resource consumption for maintaining the growth of the forest land ecological system and playing the ecological function. In summary, many arid or semi-arid regions have been studied, and the research objects are mainly focused on watersheds or river channels. At present, a plurality of methods for estimating the ecological water demand of vegetation in arid regions in China are available, and the methods are more common: area rating method, water quantity balance method, remote sensing estimation algorithm, biomass estimation algorithm and the like.
Vegetation ecosystems require water comprising 3 parts: water is needed for plant assimilation, water is needed for plant transpiration, and water is needed for soil evaporation and leakage. The assimilation water demand and the transpiration water demand are water required by plants to complete physiological functions, and the soil evaporation and seepage water demand is water required by vegetation growing environment. The proportion of assimilation water demand to the vegetation ecological water demand is small, and in addition, the water leakage amount of most areas is small, so when the water demand of a vegetation ecological system is estimated, the vegetation ecological water demand is approximately replaced by plant transpiration water demand and soil evaporation water consumption. The main mode for maintaining the physiological and ecological functions of the forest vegetation is evaporation and transpiration, and is also the main water consumption project of the forest vegetation, and in practical conditions, the growth of the forest vegetation and the normal operation of the forest ecological system are closely related to the transpiration amount, the standing conditions of the forest vegetation, the soil texture, the plant species and other factors.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims at the problem that the ecological water demand of the forest vegetation is difficult to quantitatively determine, analyzes the influence of factors such as the vegetation type and the site conditions on main water consumption projects of the forest vegetation, provides a method for calibrating the potential evapotranspiration of the vegetation under different types and site conditions by using a correction coefficient, quantitatively calculates the ecological water demand of the forest vegetation, and has important significance on regional water resource management and ecological environment protection.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a quantitative measuring and calculating method for the ecological water demand of forest vegetation based on evapotranspiration, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) determining vegetation area S, unit m of forest land2；
(2) Determination of the potential evapotranspiration ET0；
(3) Determining a vegetation coefficient: determining the water demand ET and the potential evapotranspiration ET of the vegetation according to the vegetation type0Ratio K betweenc；
(4) Determining a soil moisture correction coefficient: determining a soil moisture correction coefficient K according to the difference of standing conditions of forest vegetationsThe calculation formula is as follows:
；
(5) forest of determinateLand vegetation ecological water demand ration: calculating the ecological water demand quota W of the forest vegetation according to the potential evapotranspiration amount, the vegetation coefficient and the soil moisture correction coefficient of the forest vegetation respectively determined in the steps (2), (3) and (4)iIn mm, the calculation formula is as follows:
；
(6) calculating the total ecological water demand of the forest land vegetation: calculating the total ecological water demand W of the forest land vegetation according to the forest land vegetation area determined in the step (1) and the ecological water demand quota of the forest land vegetation obtained in the step (5), wherein the unit m is3The calculation formula is as follows:
further, the quantitative measuring and calculating method of the ecological water demand of the forest vegetation based on the evapotranspiration comprises the following specific steps:
a) determining the vegetation area of the forest land: and selecting the remote sensing data according to a research target, carrying out human-computer interaction interpretation on the remote sensing data by using a supervised classification method and an unsupervised classification method, and verifying interpretation precision. Reclassifying the interpreted remote sensing data according to a national land utilization classification system and research targets to obtain the pixel number of the forest vegetation, and multiplying the spatial resolution of the remote sensing data by the pixel number to obtain the area of the forest vegetation, wherein the area is S, m2；
b) Determining the potential evapotranspiration amount: the evapotranspiration of the forest vegetation is a main water consumption project of the forest vegetation, and can be used for approximately replacing the ecological water demand of the forest vegetation. In the drought inland area, when the water surface evaporation capacity is calculated by utilizing a Peneman formula, besides an empirical formula of correcting a radiation balance and a drying capacity item, the influence of the change of the water body heat flux on the evaporation needs to be considered. The invention calculates the potential evapotranspiration amount of forest vegetation according to the modified Penman-Monteith formula and countsIs composed ofThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein,indicates the potential evapotranspiration;Lis the latent heat of vaporization;Q s is the heat flux of the water body;Ris the radiation balance; eaThe saturated water vapor pressure, r is a psychrometric constant, and △ is the slope of the saturated water vapor pressure-temperature curve.
c) Determining vegetation coefficients: the various types of vegetation have different physiological and ecological functions, and the water consumption modes of the vegetation are different, so the vegetation coefficient is introduced to correct the ecological water demand of the forest vegetation, and the plants of different species have corresponding vegetation coefficients. The vegetation coefficient is the evaporation of the latent water in the vegetation zone (ET) Divided by the evaporation of the water in the zone without vegetationThe resulting coefficients, often determined experimentally, are determined byK c And (4) showing. Wherein,ETthe values were obtained by means of the existing experiments,values obtained by step b, vegetation coefficientsExpressed, the calculation formula is as follows:
d) determining soil moisture correction factorThe steps of (1): due to the difference of the standing conditions of the forest land vegetation, the influence of soil moisture and soil texture on the water consumption of the forest land vegetation is also considered when calculating the ecological water demand of the forest land vegetation, so that a soil moisture correction coefficient is introduced to correct the ecological water demand of the forest land vegetation. The soil moisture correction index is used for correcting the actual condition of soil moisture after the forest land ecosystem absorbs rainfall runoffExpressed, the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein,representing the actual water content of the soil;indicating the withering water content of the soil;indicating the critical water content of the soil.
e) Determining the ecological water demand quota of the forest vegetation: and b, determining potential evapotranspiration amount of the forest vegetation, a vegetation coefficient and a soil moisture correction coefficient respectively through the steps b, c and d, and constructing an ecological water demand model of the forest vegetation on the basis. Namely the ecological water demand quota of the forest vegetation after the vegetation coefficient and the soil moisture correction coefficient are adjusted，mm。
Wherein,the method refers to the ecological water demand quota of forest vegetation;is a soil moisture correction index;is referred to as the vegetation coefficient;refers to the amount of potential evapotranspiration within the area.
f) Calculating the total ecological water demand of the forest land vegetation: e, multiplying the ecological water demand quota of the forest land vegetation calculated in the step e by the area of the forest land obtained by remote sensing technology interpretation to obtain the total ecological water demand of the forest land vegetation, and counting the total ecological water demand，m3。
g) And (3) visually expressing the spatial water demand difference: a grid calculator tool is utilized in ArcGIS software to realize the calculation process of the total ecological water demand of the forest vegetation, the spatial difference visualization expression of the ecological water demand of the forest vegetation is realized aiming at the water demand conditions and the land conditions of different vegetation based on the remote sensing data of the forest vegetation in the research area, and finally, a spatial map set of the ecological water demand of the forest vegetation in the research area is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method adopts the vegetation coefficient and the soil moisture coefficient to correct the ecological water demand of the forest land vegetation, can effectively reduce the influence of factors such as vegetation type and site conditions on main water consumption projects for forest land preparation, quantitatively measures and calculates the ecological water storage of the forest land vegetation, and has important significance on regional water resource management and ecological environment protection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the quantitative estimation method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a distribution of potential evapotranspiration of vegetation in Xinjiang forest land;
FIG. 3 is the ecological water and space difference visualization expression of Xinjiang forest land vegetation.
Detailed Description
The embodiment is a quantitative measuring and calculating method for ecological water demand of forest vegetation based on evapotranspiration, and the flow of the method is shown in figure 1. The method is applied to the measurement and calculation of the ecological water demand of the vegetation in the Xinjiang forest land, and comprises the following calculation steps:
(1) determining the area of vegetation in Xinjiang forest land: acquiring remote sensing monitoring data of the state of land utilization in 2015 from a resource and environment scientific data center of the Chinese academy of sciences, wherein the spatial resolution is 1000 multiplied by 1000m, and dividing the land utilization data into the following parts according to a national land utilization classification system and a research target: cultivated land, woodland, grassland, water area, construction land and unused land 6 categories. Extracting a forest land range by using GIS software, obtaining 36953 grids of the forest land, wherein the area of each grid is 1000 multiplied by 1000m, and calculating to obtain the area of the Xinjiang forest land in 2015 to be 36.953 multiplied by 109m2。
(2) Determining potential evapotranspiration amount of forest vegetation: calculating the Xinjiang monthly potential evapotranspiration amount by using a modified Peneman formula according to the years of meteorological data of 59 meteorological stations in Xinjiang areaMonthly potential evapotranspiration using an inverse distance weighted interpolation toolProcessing the data into grid data, and carrying out spatial standardization processing on the interpolated data to make the data consistent with the land utilization data resolution, the geographic coordinate system and the projection coordinate system. And cutting out the potential evapotranspiration corresponding to the vegetation range of the forest land by using the GIS, and taking the potential evapotranspiration as the basis of the next calculation. As shown in fig. 2, the distribution range of the forestry vegetation is the annual average potential evapotranspiration spatial distribution map obtained through the peneman formula calculation.
(3) Determining a vegetation coefficient: according to the biological characteristics of vegetation, the vegetation is divided into three categories of arbor, shrub and grassland, the characteristics of the forest land ecological system in Xinjiang are analyzed, and the vegetation coefficient of the arbor is combined with laboratory research dataTaking the vegetation coefficient of 0.62 shrubTake 0.58.
(4) Determining a soil moisture correction coefficient: respectively calculating corresponding soil moisture correction coefficients according to the soil texture types and the soil moisture coefficient calculation formulas of the forest lands in different areas of XinjiangThe value is obtained.
(5) Determining the ecological water demand quota of the forest vegetation: calculating the ecological water demand quota of the forest land vegetation according to the ecological water demand model of the forest land vegetationAnd finally acquiring the ecological water demand of the rasterized forest land vegetation in unit area by utilizing a GIS grid calculator to realize the calculation process.
(6) Calculating the total ecological water demand of the forest land vegetation: calculating the ecological water demand of the forest land ecological system according to a calculation formulaAnd a GIS grid calculator is utilized to realize the calculation process.
(7) The total amount of ecological water demand of Xinjiang forest land is realized by ArcGIS software, the water demand condition and the land conditions of the Xinjiang forest land vegetation are analyzed, and the spatial difference visual expression of the ecological water demand of the Xinjiang forest land vegetation is realized, as shown in figure 3.
Claims (5)
1. A quantitative measurement and calculation method for forest vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining vegetation area S, unit m of forest land2；
(2) Determination of the potential evapotranspiration ET0；
(3) Determining a vegetation coefficient: determining the water demand ET and the potential evapotranspiration ET of the vegetation according to the vegetation type0Ratio K betweenc；
(4) Determining a soil moisture correction coefficient: according to the forest vegetation standingDifference of conditions, determining soil moisture correction coefficient KsThe calculation formula is as follows:
；
(5) determining the ecological water demand quota of the forest vegetation: calculating the ecological water demand quota W of the forest vegetation according to the potential evapotranspiration amount, the vegetation coefficient and the soil moisture correction coefficient of the forest vegetation respectively determined in the steps (2), (3) and (4)iIn mm, the calculation formula is as follows:
；
(6) calculating the total ecological water demand of the forest land vegetation: calculating the total ecological water demand W of the forest land vegetation according to the forest land vegetation area determined in the step (1) and the ecological water demand quota of the forest land vegetation obtained in the step (5), wherein the unit m is3The calculation formula is as follows:
。
2. the quantitative estimation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the potential evapotranspiration ET in the step (2)0And calculating by using the modified Peneman formula, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
；
in the formula, ET0Indicates the potential evapotranspiration;Lis the latent heat of vaporization;Q s is the heat flux of the water body;Ris the radiation balance; eaThe saturated water vapor pressure, r is a psychrometric constant, and △ is the slope of the saturated water vapor pressure-temperature curve.
3. According to claimThe quantitative estimation method according to claim 2, wherein the vegetation coefficients of different types in the step (3) are determined as follows: vegetation coefficient K of arborc0.62, coefficient of vegetation of shrub KcIs 0.58.
4. The quantitative estimation method according to claim 3, characterized in that according to the estimation process of the weight of the ecological water demand prepared by the forest land in the step (6), the spatial difference visualization expression of the ecological water demand of the forest land vegetation is realized according to the water demand conditions and the land conditions of different vegetation.
5. The quantitative estimation method according to claim 4, characterized in that the forest vegetation area in the step (1) is obtained by interpreting remote sensing data.
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| CN109584971A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-04-05 | 东北大学 | A kind of high-temperature molten metal meets the calculation method of water explosion water requirement |
| CN111639421A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-09-08 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for researching transformation process and appropriate proportion of artificial and natural oasis in inland river basin |
| CN112418154A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-02-26 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Ecological water supplement amount space distribution method considering rain-fed and irrigated forests with different coverage degrees |
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| CN114894971A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-08-12 | 中电建路桥集团有限公司 | Quantitative measuring and calculating system for forest vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration |
| LU500972B1 (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2023-02-16 | China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res | Spatial distribution method for ecological water supplement considering rain-fed and irrigated forests with different coverages |
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| CN109584971A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-04-05 | 东北大学 | A kind of high-temperature molten metal meets the calculation method of water explosion water requirement |
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| CN111639421A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-09-08 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for researching transformation process and appropriate proportion of artificial and natural oasis in inland river basin |
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| CN112418154A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-02-26 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Ecological water supplement amount space distribution method considering rain-fed and irrigated forests with different coverage degrees |
| CN112418154B (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2024-03-29 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Ecological water supplementing quantity space spreading method considering different coverage degree of rain-fed and irrigated forests |
| CN112990760A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-06-18 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for adjusting microclimate and ecosystem of basin based on ecological water delivery |
| CN112990760B (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2024-01-26 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for adjusting river basin microclimate and ecosystem based on ecological water delivery |
| LU500972B1 (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2023-02-16 | China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res | Spatial distribution method for ecological water supplement considering rain-fed and irrigated forests with different coverages |
| CN114894971A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-08-12 | 中电建路桥集团有限公司 | Quantitative measuring and calculating system for forest vegetation ecological water demand based on evapotranspiration |
| CN114894971B (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2024-04-30 | 中电建路桥集团有限公司 | Quantitative measuring and calculating system for forest land vegetation ecological water demand based on evaporation |
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Application publication date: 20180814 |