CN108398350B - Ceramic material heating/cooling thermal shock test device and test method - Google Patents
Ceramic material heating/cooling thermal shock test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108398350B CN108398350B CN201810099374.1A CN201810099374A CN108398350B CN 108398350 B CN108398350 B CN 108398350B CN 201810099374 A CN201810099374 A CN 201810099374A CN 108398350 B CN108398350 B CN 108398350B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/60—Investigating resistance of materials, e.g. refractory materials, to rapid heat changes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency temperature rise/fall thermal shock test device and a test method for a ceramic material, belonging to test equipment for high-temperature ceramic materials. It includes two from last first environment module (2) and the second environment module (8) of overlapping down, test piece frame leading truck (10) are equipped with at first environment module (2) top, pneumatic pull rod (12) are equipped with to the side, batch test piece (9) are fixed in test piece frame (11), test piece frame (11) insert in test piece frame leading truck (10), test piece frame (11) bottom contacts with the pneumatic pull rod (12) that stretch out, buffer (14) are equipped with to second environment module (8) bottom. The invention has the advantages that: in the temperature rise/fall thermal shock resistance test of the ceramic material, the thermal shock initial temperature and the target temperature span are large (the room temperature is 3000 ℃) and can be accurately controlled, a batch of test pieces can be simultaneously subjected to thermal shock test through one test, the test environment is stable, the test efficiency is high, and the reliability and the precision of the test result are high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of testing and researching on thermal shock resistance of ceramic materials, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency temperature rising/reducing thermal shock testing device and a testing method for the ceramic materials at a large-span initial temperature and a target temperature.
Technical Field
Ceramic materials are often used in the high temperature structural field, such as thermal protection systems for hypersonic aircraft and engine hot ends, because they retain high strength at high temperatures, low density, and good physical and chemical stability. When the hypersonic speed aircraft is in maneuvering flight across the atmospheric layer, the hypersonic speed aircraft undergoes the processes of ascending, cruising, descending, sudden prevention and the like, pneumatic heating is serious, so that the hypersonic speed aircraft is subjected to the processes of temperature rising thermal shock, temperature reduction thermal shock and the like, and the amplitude of change of the initial temperature of the thermal shock and the target temperature is large. Ceramic materials, which are high-temperature structural materials, are often damaged by a rapid temperature rise/fall thermal shock process in a large-span temperature range during service history. Therefore, it is important to research the thermal shock resistance of the ceramic material. However, at present, a test device and a test method which can realize temperature-rising thermal shock and temperature-reducing thermal shock do not exist. Moreover, aiming at the current equipment capable of realizing temperature rise thermal shock at home and abroad, the initial temperature of the thermal shock can only be room temperature; aiming at the existing cooling thermal shock equipment, the thermal shock initial temperature is only 2000 ℃ at most, and the requirement of the research on the thermal shock resistance of the material subjected to the large-span initial temperature and the target temperature in the actual service process of the aircraft is difficult to meet at present, so that the research on the test device and the test method for better realizing the heating/cooling thermal shock resistance test of the high-temperature ceramic material is urgently needed.
Chinese patent document CN104483224A discloses "a proof box for ceramic material intensification thermal shock" in 2015 at 1/14, the device includes sealed furnace and heating furnace, the heating furnace is supported on the bottom surface in the sealed furnace by the heating furnace base, the cylinder is equipped with at the sealed furnace top, the cylinder movable rod connected with the cylinder piston stretches into the downthehole connection test piece fixture in sealed furnace top centre, vertical decurrent guide wire is equipped with at the top surface in the sealed furnace, the guide wire lower extreme passes on the support of heating furnace apical pore system in the heating furnace, the blotter has been laid above the support, thermal-insulated carbon felt piece has been filled in the heating furnace apical pore. The application of the patent realizes that the surface of the ceramic test piece is heated uniformly, and can accurately control the target temperature of thermal shock. However, the experimental box has the following problems:
1. the highest temperature which can be built is 2000 ℃, and the temperature can not reach the target temperature of heating thermal shock suffered by the high-temperature structural material in actual service;
2. only the heating thermal shock test of the ceramic material can be realized, and the cooling thermal shock test cannot be completed;
3. the initial temperature of the thermal shock can only be room temperature, and the temperature-rising thermal shock test under different initial temperature conditions can not be realized;
4. before a thermal shock test is carried out, a special chamber is not designed for storing a test piece, the clamping test piece is relatively close to a heating furnace, and the initial temperature is easily radiated by the high temperature of the heating furnace;
5. only one test piece can be clamped in one test, the time consumption is long, and the test efficiency is low.
The problems enable the experimental box to only realize a temperature-rising thermal shock test under the condition of small temperature difference, the initial temperature of the thermal shock is limited to room temperature and cannot be adjusted, and the target temperature is limited to be below 2000 ℃, so that the test result is difficult to represent the thermal shock resistance of the ceramic material under the large-span temperature, and the research and the application of the ceramic material are seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a test device and a test method for realizing ceramic material temperature rising thermal shock and temperature reduction thermal shock under large-span initial temperature and target temperature, which can realize temperature rising/temperature reduction thermal shock test in a large-span temperature range from room temperature to 3000 ℃, can accurately control the initial temperature and the target temperature of the thermal shock, can be randomly selected from the range from room temperature to 3000 ℃, can carry out thermal shock on test pieces in batches at the same time, ensures the consistency of thermal shock test environments of the test pieces in the same batch, increases the test precision and greatly improves the test efficiency.
The key technology to be solved by the invention is realized by the technical scheme that the environment-friendly door comprises a first environment module and a second environment module which are overlapped from top to bottom, and the first environment module and the second environment module are isolated by an openable sealed heat-insulation cabin door. A first heating furnace and a second heating furnace are respectively arranged in the two environment modules, the first heating furnace is supported by a base in the first environment module, and the second heating furnace is supported by a base in the second environment module. The top of the first environment module is provided with a test piece frame guide frame, the side surface of the first environment module is provided with a pneumatic pull rod, batch test pieces are arranged in the test piece frame, the test piece frame is inserted into the test piece frame guide frame and is supported by the extended pneumatic pull rod, and the bottom of the second environment module is provided with a buffer device.
Because the first environment module and the second environment module are pre-heated to the preset thermal shock initial temperature and the preset target temperature, the temperatures of the two environment modules are accurate and controllable, the adjustable range is large (room temperature to 3000 ℃), a test piece is fixed through a clamping groove and a baffle in a test piece frame, and the test piece falls into the second environment module from the first environment module along with the test piece frame to form thermal shock; when the temperature of the first environment module is higher than that of the second environment module, a cooling thermal shock process is formed; the temperature of the first environmental module is lower than the temperature of the second environmental module to form a temperature-raising thermal shock process. Because the batch of test pieces experience the same thermal shock environment at the same time, the consistency of test environments of the test pieces is ensured, and the reliability and the precision of test results are improved.
The invention has the technical effects that:
1. in the ceramic material temperature rise/fall thermal shock resistance test, the initial temperature and the target temperature of thermal shock can be accurately controlled, and the temperature can be randomly adjusted within a large span from room temperature to 3000 ℃;
2. the ceramic test piece can be subjected to a temperature-rising thermal shock test and a temperature-reducing thermal shock test;
3. the batch test pieces can be tested simultaneously in one test, the test efficiency is high, and the reliability and the precision of the test result are high;
4. the thermal shock resistance of test pieces with different sizes after the test pieces are subjected to the same thermal shock environment can be tested simultaneously, so that the influence of the size of the test pieces on the thermal shock resistance can be evaluated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the test device can realize that batch test pieces with the same size or different sizes simultaneously undergo a high-efficiency heating thermal shock test or a cooling thermal shock test at a large-span initial temperature and a target temperature, the test temperature can be accurately adjusted within the range from room temperature to 3000 ℃, the test efficiency is high, and the reliability and the precision of test results are high.
Drawings
The drawings of the invention are illustrated as follows:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an outline view of a test piece frame;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of the appearance structure of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the control cabinet, 2, first environment module, 3, first heating furnace, 4, first environment transition module, 5, sealed thermal-insulated hatch door, 6, second environment transition module, 7, second heating furnace, 8, second environment module, 9, the test piece, 10, test piece frame leading truck, 11, test piece frame, 12, pneumatic pull rod, 13, first heating furnace base, 14, buffer, 15, second heating furnace base, 16, separation blade, 17, draw-in groove.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples:
as shown in fig. 1, the present invention comprises a first environmental module 2 and a second environmental module 8 overlapped from top to bottom, wherein the two environmental modules are separated by a sealing heat insulation hatch door 5 which can be opened and closed; the first heating furnace 3 and the second heating furnace 7 are respectively and correspondingly arranged in the two environment modules, the first heating furnace 3 is supported by the base 13, and the second heating furnace 7 is supported by the base 15. The upper part and the lower part of the sealed heat insulation cabin door 5 are respectively provided with a first environment transition module 4 and a second environment transition module 6. The top of the first environment module 2 is provided with a test piece frame guide frame 10, and the side surface of the first environment module 2 is provided with a pneumatic pull rod 12. As shown in fig. 2, a clamping groove 17 is formed in the test piece frame 11 and provided with a graphite baffle 16, so that batch test pieces 9 with different sizes can be fixed, a groove is formed in the bottom of the test piece frame 11, the test piece frame 11 is inserted into the test piece frame guide frame 10 and supported by the extended pneumatic pull rod 12, and a buffer device 14 is arranged at the bottom of the second environment module 8, so that mechanical impact on the test piece frame 11 and the test pieces 9 when falling is reduced.
Both the first environmental module 2 and the second environmental module 8 can achieve a temperature environment from room temperature to 3000 ℃. The heat insulation cabin door 5 is opened, the pneumatic pull rod 12 is withdrawn, the pull rod slides rightwards, the test piece frame 11 vertically drops downwards under the action of gravity, and meanwhile, the test piece 9 drops together with the test piece frame 11 and is finally clamped in the buffer device 14 in the second environment module 8. A cooling thermal shock is formed when the temperature of the first environmental module 2 is higher than the temperature of the second environmental module 8, and a warming thermal shock is formed when the temperature of the first environmental module 2 is lower than the temperature of the second environmental module 8.
The first heating furnace 3 and the second heating furnace 7 adopt inductive heating bodies for induction heating, the heating bodies are made of cylindrical ceramic matrix composite materials, and conductive copper wires are wound on the surfaces of the cylinders. The test piece frame 11 is made of graphite, and the material of the buffer device 14 is carbon felt.
The use process of the device of the invention is as follows:
firstly, closing a sealed heat insulation cabin door 5, fixing a test piece 9 in a test piece frame 11 through a clamping groove 17 and a graphite baffle 16 on the test piece frame 11, wherein the position of the baffle 16 is determined according to the size of the test piece, and the number of the test pieces is determined according to the test requirement; then inserting the test piece frame 11 into the test piece frame guide frame 10, extending out of the pneumatic pull rod 12, and enabling the pull rod to be in a left-extending state at the moment and used for supporting the test piece frame 11; starting a heating system, respectively starting heating the first heating furnace 3 and the second heating furnace 7, setting the temperature of the hearth of the two heating furnaces, and preserving heat after the temperatures of the first heating furnace 3 and the second heating furnace 7 respectively reach a thermal shock initial temperature and a target temperature, wherein the heat preservation time is determined according to test requirements; adopt cylinder drive to open sealed thermal-insulated hatch door 5, withdraw from pneumatic pull rod 12 simultaneously, pull rod 12 contracts to the right, and the test piece follows test piece frame 11 and vertically drops downwards immediately under the action of gravity, realizes the thermal shock process from the middle part that first heating furnace 3 switched to second heating furnace 7, and finally test piece frame 11 card is in buffer 14 in second environment module 8. And finally, stopping heating, and taking out the test piece after the heating furnace is cooled for subsequent mechanical property test.
In addition, as shown in fig. 3, a heating system, an air pressure system, a water cooling system, a temperature monitoring system and a computer master control system are connected to the periphery of the invention. The heating system controls the temperature of the first heating furnace 3 and the second heating furnace 7, the temperature monitoring system is composed of a tungsten-rhenium thermocouple with a ceramic protection tube and a colorimetric pyrometer, the tungsten-rhenium thermocouple is used for measuring the temperature when the temperature is lower than 1800 ℃, and the colorimetric pyrometer is used for measuring the temperature when the temperature is higher than 1800 ℃. The water cooling system is connected with a water cooler for cooling the equipment. The air pressure system is used for controlling the vacuum degrees of the first environment module 2 and the second environment module 8, the two environment modules are respectively pumped or filled with inert gas according to test requirements, and the minimum vacuum degree in the environment modules can reach 10-2Pa. The air pressure system is provided with a mechanical pump and a diffusion pump for pumping air in the furnace, and is also provided with a gas storage tank for filling inert gases such as nitrogen, argon and the like into the two environment modules.
The device and the test method can realize high-efficiency temperature rise/fall thermal shock test under large-span initial temperature and target temperature, the thermal shock target temperature and the initial temperature can be accurately controlled, and the variation range is large: the room temperature is 3000 ℃, a thermal shock process can be simultaneously completed on batch test pieces with the same size or different sizes in the same thermal shock environment through one test, the test efficiency is greatly improved, and the same temperature environment experienced by the test pieces is ensured; the thermal environment conditions comprise inert atmosphere and vacuum environment, so that the problems that the temperature difference area of the existing temperature rising/reducing thermal shock is small, the variation range of the initial temperature and the target temperature of the thermal shock is narrow, the accurate control is difficult, the testing efficiency is low and the like are solved, and a testing means is provided for the research and the application of a novel high-temperature material.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a be used for ceramic material to rise/lower temperature thermal shock test device, includes two first environment modules (2) and second environment modules (8) from last overlapping down, and two environment modules are inside to correspond respectively and to be set up first heating furnace (3) and second heating furnace (7), and first heating furnace (3) are supported by first heating furnace base (13), and second heating furnace (7) are supported by second heating furnace base (15), characterized by: the first environment module (2) and the second environment module (8) are isolated by an openable sealed heat-insulation cabin door (5); the top of the first environment module (2) is provided with a test piece frame guide frame (10), the side surface of the first environment module (2) is provided with a pneumatic pull rod (12), batch test pieces (9) are arranged in a test piece frame (11) and are fixed by a clamping groove (17) and a blocking piece (16) of the test piece frame (11), the test piece frame (11) is inserted into the test piece frame guide frame (10), the lower end of the test piece frame (11) is contacted with the extended pneumatic pull rod (12), and the bottom of the second environment module (8) is provided with a buffer device (14); the testing device further comprises a pneumatic system, wherein the pneumatic system is connected with the first environment module (2) and the second environment module (8) and is suitable for respectively exhausting air to the first environment module (2) and the second environment module (8) or filling inert gas into the first environment module and the second environment module (8) so as to control the vacuum degree of the first environment module (2) and the second environment module (8).
2. The ceramic material temperature rising/lowering thermal shock test device as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the first heating furnace (3) and the second heating furnace (7) adopt induction heating, the heating body is made of a cylindrical ceramic matrix composite material, and a conductive copper wire is wound on the surface of the cylinder.
3. The ceramic material temperature rising/lowering thermal shock test device as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the test piece frame (11) is made of graphite, and a clamping groove (17) and a graphite retaining sheet (16) are formed in the test piece frame (11).
4. The ceramic material temperature rising/lowering thermal shock test device as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the buffer device (14) is made of carbon felt.
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| CN201810099374.1A CN108398350B (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2018-01-30 | Ceramic material heating/cooling thermal shock test device and test method |
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| CN201810099374.1A CN108398350B (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2018-01-30 | Ceramic material heating/cooling thermal shock test device and test method |
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| CN108398350B true CN108398350B (en) | 2020-09-01 |
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