CN108397209A - A kind of weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter and its design method - Google Patents
A kind of weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter and its design method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108397209A CN108397209A CN201810288165.1A CN201810288165A CN108397209A CN 108397209 A CN108397209 A CN 108397209A CN 201810288165 A CN201810288165 A CN 201810288165A CN 108397209 A CN108397209 A CN 108397209A
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
- E21D9/0875—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket
- E21D9/0879—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel, e.g. shuttering
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter of the present invention includes mainly cutting tool, knife rest, resilient support assemblies, tool apron, wherein：The cutting tool is fixedly installed on the knife rest；The knife rest is actively articulated in the tool apron, and with the resilient support assemblies upper contact；The lower part of the resilient support assemblies is placed on the bottom of the tool apron；The resilient support assemblies are pressed against on the bottom of the tool apron, while resilient support assemblies compression shortens, then so that the knife rest relative to hinged center to deflecting inside the tool apron.The present invention also provides respective design methods, by the pre compressed magnitude for calculating maximum nominal cutting-in, elastic element and theoretical equivalent stiffness, for instructing Selection and Design.The present invention is beneficial in that：Hard rock, cobble and erratic boulder etc. are avoided to the impact damage of cutting tool, cutter tipping is reduced and falls the improper failure risk such as sword, abrasion, fracture, improve shield machine drivage efficiency, reduce cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tunnel piercing equipment Design manufacturing field, it is related to a kind of weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter and its design side
Method more particularly to a kind of weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter and its design method for complete-section tunnel boring machine cutter disc system.
Background technology
With the high speed development of Chinese national economy and the continuous improvement of the level of urbanization, ground free space is increasingly
It is few.The underground space is developed, such as establishes the inexorable trend that underground metropolitan transportation system has become modern city development.Entirely
Section tunnel boring machine is by its various features such as excavation is efficient, construction quality is excellent, geological adaptability is strong, in underground space tunnel
It is widely used in road digging process.All in all, it will be more than 200 that the market demand of China's full face tunnel boring machine is estimated
Platform, industrial value are up to 50,000,000,000 yuan.
Currently, complete-section tunnel boring machine can be divided into two types：One kind is tunneling boring rock tunnel development machine (Full
Face Rock Tunnel Boring Machine, country's custom are referred to as TBM), it is mainly used for that there is certain self-stable ability
Lithostratigraphy is tunneled, and (diversion tunnel, railway tunnel etc.) is tunneled especially suitable for field long tunnel, and general use is installed on cutterhead
On disk cutter (hereinafter referred to as hobboing cutter) revolution rolling broken rock, rock breaking mechanism be hobboing cutter sword bottom squeeze and sword side shearing
Broken rock acts on；Another kind is tunneling boring soft soil layer rock tunnel(ling) machine (country's custom is referred to as shield machine), is mainly used for city
Underground space engineering, river-crossing tunnel engineering are broken using cutter (also known as scraper) the cutting Soft Soil Layer being installed on cutterhead tool apron
Rock mechanism is to scrape cutting rock.
In general, the geology scope of application of above two complete-section tunnel boring machine is different, therefore using shield work
When method is constructed, it should in advance to where construction tunnel geological conditions and rock stratum constitute situation and carry out field survey investigation, and root
Geological investigation report according to acquisition and hydrologic exploration report, carry out reasonable selection.For example, for excavate urban subway tunnel, with
And when wearing the tunnels Jiang Yuehai, since residing driving stratum is mostly the poor soft rock and pedostratigraphy of autostability, generally adopt at this time
It is excavated with shield machine, main cutting tool is cutter；And when for excavating field long distance water transfer tunnel, due to residing driving
Stratum is mostly that (such as granite rock stratum, marble, igneous rock rock stratum, part rock stratum is due to depth for the good hard rock rock stratum of autostability
The effect of portion's crustal stress, compression strength have reached 380Mpa), then it is generally excavated using TBM, cutting tool is mainly hobboing cutter.
When tunneling the existing rock stratum in stratum in addition, working as, and there are the soft stratums such as Soft Soil Layer, composite shield can be used and excavated, cutterhead
Above while cutter and hobboing cutter being installed, is respectively used to excavate weak soil rock stratum and hard formation.
Although rock tunnel(ling) machine manufacturer can strictly carry out Selection and Design according to geological prospecting result, due to tunnel digging
Into the random diversity for the property and rock stratum lithology complicated and changeable for tunneling stratum geological conditions residing for machine, therefore inevitably lead to
Rock tunnel(ling) machine geological adaptability is generally relatively low at present.By taking urban subway tunnel engineering as an example, shield machine or composite shield are dug
Into stratum very likely there is soft or hard compound stratum, local hard formation, erratic boulder stratum, sand-pebble layer etc. and do not expect intricately
Layer, or even there is also reinforced concrete blocks etc. to build remaining material in a small number of extreme environments.At this point, when cutter meets with suddenly
It is extremely huge, and the load band to encounter the above-mentioned shock loading and chip-load when not expecting bad ground, born
The harm come is also extremely serious.By taking soft or hard compound stratum as an example, cutting tool will subject high frequency variable load impact, and cutting carries
Lotus can increase sharply to 5~10 times；Again by rich erratic boulder stratum, fixed core with for soil mixing stratum and sand cobble stratum, pass through
Initial estimate is crossed, if assume that hobboing cutter hits the hard materials such as erratic boulder with the linear velocity of 0.63m/s or more, theoretically will produce height
Up to the instantaneous impact of 15kN；Cutter is all made of high-strength bolt and is fastened in tool apron in the prior art, or directly welds
On cutterhead spoke, belong to rigid connection, no any avoiding space and buffering surplus, therefore inevitably result in cutter in operation because
Strong impact load and chip-load and the accidents such as tipping above-mentioned, the failure of improper Fast Wearing occur, to increase
Constructing tunnel cost, affects duration progress, seriously constrains shield machine and composite shield in urban tunnel construction engineering
It promotes and applies.According to incompletely statistics, during shield tunnel construction, the cost of boring machine cutter consumption accounts about construction assembly
This 30%~40%.
From the analysis above, we can see that the geological adaptability of development machine cutter disc system especially cutting tool is improved, for improving knife
Have service life, shield driving efficiency and the meaning for reducing cutter using Construction Cost and maintenance cost caused by unreasonable
Justice is extremely great.Through retrieval, for not expecting extreme geological conditions (such as hard rock, erratic boulder, cobble, reinforced concrete waste),
Hard material can be effectively relieved in stratum to the weak soil rock stratum of the performances destruction such as cutter stiffness and toughness
The research of cutting cutter and its design method, there is not been reported.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter and its design methods, to overcome current tunnel piercing
Universal relatively low, the tool failure Frequent Accidents of rounding machine cutter geological adaptability (especially do not expect extreme geology item when suffering from some
When part, cutter often can occur tipping because of strong impact load and chip-load during cutting ground, fall sword, fracture, height
The improper failure accidents such as speed abrasion) and lead to problems such as the increase of constructing tunnel cost, drivage efficiency relatively low.
A kind of weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter includes cutting tool, knife rest, resilient support assemblies, tool apron, it is characterized in that：
The cutting tool is fixedly installed on the knife rest；The knife rest is actively articulated in the tool apron, and with
The resilient support assemblies upper contact；The lower part of the resilient support assemblies is placed on the bottom of the tool apron；Described
Under the three-dimensional cutting force effect that cutting tool is subject to, the resilient support assemblies are pressed against on the bottom of the tool apron, simultaneously
The resilient support assemblies compression shortens, then so that the knife rest is certain to generation inside the tool apron relative to hinged center
The angular deflection of amount.
Preferably, the resilient support assemblies include elastic element, protection sleeve and lower support bar, wherein：The bullet
Property element is caught in the lower support bar top；The protection sleeve kink is outside the elastic element；On the protection sleeve
Portion constitutes the low pair in cylindrical surface with the knife rest lower part and contacts；Lower support bar lower part pair low with tool apron bottom composition spherical surface
Contact.
Preferably, cover sheet is arranged at the top of the tool apron；The cutting edge portion of the only described cutting tool passes through institute
The opening that is opened up on cover sheet is stated to exposing outside the tool apron.
Preferably, sealing element is arranged in the gap area between the opening and the cutting tool.
Preferably, the protection sleeve outer wall is circumferentially equably laid with spring supporting column；The spring supporting column is equal
It is inserted in spacing compression spring；The other end of the spacing compression spring is tightly attached on the side wall of the tool apron.
Preferably, the elastic element is disk spring.
Preferably, the knife rest is with the tool apron bottom, there are a minimum clearances under original operating state.
Preferably, distance measuring sensor is equipped in the tool apron, to monitor the change of the minimum clearance amount in real time
Change situation.
Preferably, the outer surface of the cover sheet should be concordant with the front end face of cutterhead；When the cutting tool is met with
When to the extreme ground consisting of hard rock that do not expect or hard object, the front end face that the cutting tool can be retracted to its blade and the cutterhead is flat
Together.
A kind of weak soil rock stratum cutting devising method of cutting tool, it is characterized in that including the following steps：
Step 1：It treats to excavate and carries out geological prospecting along stratum, in conjunction with literature survey, laboratory and/or construction site object
The means such as Mechanics Performance Testing, micro-judgment, statistical analysis are managed, the ground channel type and its physical force excavated along stratum are grasped
Learn parameter；
Step 2：According to the applicable cutting Lithology type range of the cutting tool, work is selected from the ground channel type
Make rock-soil layer and inoperative rock-soil layer；A kind of conduct exemplary operation rock to account for the largest percentage is selected from the work rock-soil layer
Soil layer；The a kind of of maximum intensity is selected from the work rock-soil layer is used as maximal work rock-soil layer；From the inoperative ground
The a kind of of maximum intensity is selected in layer is used as inoperative limit rock-soil layer；
Step 3：Given design criterion, including given minimum license work cutting-in is hmin, it is h to give average cutting-inequ, false
The elastic element of the fixed resilient support assemblies has certain initial compression amount L under original operating state0(not yet really
Determine numerical values recited), give the cutting tool maximum amount of recovery hs；
Step 4：By means such as cutting test, simulation analysis, theoretical calculation, micro-judgments, average cutting-in h is predictedequUnder
The cutting tool cuts the normality work chip-load F when exemplary operation rock-soil layernor；The minimum license work of prediction is cut
Deep hminUnder maximal work chip-load F of cutting tool when cutting the maximal work rock-soil layerlim, predict in initial work
Make the extremely improper chip-load F that cutting tool when state meets with the inoperative limit rock-soil layer suddenly is subject tomax；
Step 5：According to design criteria, ignoring the angular deflection of the resilient support assemblies influences, in conjunction with flexible deformation original
Reason and power, principle of moment balance calculate and obtain maximum nominal cutting-in hmax, the elastic element pre compressed magnitude L0With theory etc.
Imitate rigidity k；
Step 6：Tentatively select the array of sizes and combination form of the elastic element so that the design of the elastic element
Rigidity P' is minimum relative to the error of theoretical equivalent stiffness k；
Step 7：It is complete according to the structural shape of the elastic element, the structural shape and size characteristic of the cutting tool
Structure refinement at knife rest, resilient support assemblies, tool apron, cover sheet, pivoting support and ball compared with bearing designs, and completes preliminary
Trim designs；
Step 8：According to assembly relation, consider that the angular deflection of the resilient support assemblies influences and the resilient support group
Geometry rapport after part stress deformation, it is minimum license work cutting-in further to obtain the cutting tool real cutting depth
hminThe relative theory deflection Δ H of Shi Suoshu resilient support assembliesmin；In conjunction with flexible deformation principle and power, principle of moment balance,
Maximal work chip-load F is calculated according to design rigidity P'limThe relatively approximate deflection of the resilient support assemblies under effect
Δlim；
Step 9：Similarly, consider that the angular deflection of the resilient support assemblies influences and the resilient support assemblies stress
Deformed geometry rapport is further obtained and is returned when the cutting tool meets with the inoperative limit rock-soil layer suddenly
Contracting hsThe relative theory deflection Δ H of Shi Suoshu resilient support assembliesmax；Similarly, consider the angle of the resilient support assemblies
Deflection influences, and extremely improper chip-load F is calculated according to design rigidity P'maxThe resilient support assemblies is opposite under effect
Approximate deflection Δmax；
Step 10：Finely tune the structural shape of the elastic element, the structure design of modification and perfection weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter
Scheme and assembling scheme reduce opposite comprehensive deformation error delta；
Step 11：Carry out physics or emulation cutting test verification analysis, further modification and perfection weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter
Structural design scheme and assembling scheme so that opposite comprehensive deformation error delta is minimum.
The invention has the beneficial effects that：A kind of weak soil rock stratum cutting designed and manufactured using method provided by the invention
Cutter can it is certain do not expect extreme geology under the conditions of by the flexible deformation of the elastic element so that the cutting tool
Blade be completely retracting in the tool apron, avoid the hard object such as hard rock, cobble and erratic boulder to its stiffness and toughness
Damage, reduces the risk that cutter tipping in shield machine tunneling process falls the improper failure such as sword, high-speed resistance, fracture, improves
Shield machine tunneling construction efficiency, reduces engineering cost.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional general structure schematic diagram of weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the complete section structural schematic diagram of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is that Fig. 1 removes the dimensional structure diagram after cover board.
Fig. 4 is that Fig. 3 removes the dimensional structure diagram after tool apron.
Fig. 5 is disk spring, lower support bar and the mutual assembly relation schematic diagram of ball hinged support.
Fig. 6 is the dimensional structure diagram of knife rest.
Fig. 7 is the dimensional structure diagram that sleeve is protected in elastic parts.
Fig. 8 is partial enlarged view at the Ι of Fig. 2.
Fig. 9 is Fig. 4 working limit state front views.
Figure 10 is installation effect figure of the weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter on cutterhead shown in Fig. 1.
Figure 11 is that cutter cuts soft rock Force Prediction schematic diagram.
Figure 12 is to ignore the influence of resilient support assemblies angular deflection and in extremely improper chip-load FlimThe lower bullet of effect
Property support component stress deformation simplified mathematical model schematic diagram.
Figure 13 is no supporting surface disk-shape spring structure schematic diagram.
Figure 14 is to consider the angular deflection of resilient support assemblies and in extremely improper chip-load FlimThe lower elasticity branch of effect
Support component stress and compatible deformation model schematic.
Specific implementation mode
In order to which the present invention is more clearly understood, with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description to the present invention into traveling
The detailed description of one step.
As Fig. 1 to Figure 14 show specific embodiments of the present invention.As shown in Figures 1 to 7, a kind of weak soil rock stratum cutting knife
Tool includes cutting tool (203), knife rest (202), resilient support assemblies (20), tool apron (201), it is characterized in that：
The shank portion of cutting tool (203), which is fixed by bolts, to be installed on knife rest (202)；More specifically, this example
For intermediate slide (202) using shaped like Fig. 2 and inclination " second " font steel construction shown in fig. 6, cutting tool (203) is installed on " second " word
The top at the middle part position to the left of shape steel construction.
Tool apron (201) is the box structure part that plank is welded；In this example, rocker bar bearing (204) is consolidated in tool apron
(201) in, and the side of the knife rest (202) of " second " font steel construction is circumferentially living by straight pin (214) and rocker bar bearing (204)
It is articulated with dynamicly in tool apron (201), and the lower part of the other side of the knife rest (202) of " second " font steel construction and resilient support assemblies
(20) upper contact；The lower part of resilient support assemblies (20) is placed on tool apron (201) bottom；Since cutting tool (203) exists
Cut the three-dimensional cutting force effect being subject to when ground so that resilient support assemblies are pressed against on tool apron (201) bottom, while by
In the working characteristics that the forced compression of resilient support assemblies (20) shortens so that knife rest (202) is relative to hinged center to tool apron
(201) internal that a certain amount of angular deflection occurs.So, when cutting tool (203) suffers from the extreme hard rock that do not expect
When stratum or hard object, since chip-load is huge, cutting tool (203) can be made to be completely retracting in tool apron (201), avoided
The accidents such as fracture failure occur because of overload for cutting tool (203), to protect cutting tool (203).
In this example, in order to increase assembly process process, pivoting support as shown in Figure 2 (204), pivoting support can be added
(204) fixed with tool apron (201), then knife rest (202) is circumferentially actively cut with scissors via pivoting support (204) using straight pin (209)
It is connected in tool apron (201).
Preferably, in order to advanced optimize the processability of product structure of resilient support assemblies (20), it is ensured that resilient support assemblies
(20) it works reliable and stablely, resilient support assemblies (20) include elastic element (206), protection sleeve (207) and lower support bar
(210), wherein：Elastic element is caught in the top of lower support bar (210) (more specifically, as shown in Fig. 2, lower support bar (210)
Top is provided with cylindrical protrusions, can be used as the supporting rack of elastic element (206)；Elastic element (206) is sleeved in the protrusion,
And it is in contact with lower support bar (210) upper end；Protect sleeve (207) kink external in elastic element (206)；Protect sleeve
(207) top constitutes the low pair in cylindrical surface with knife rest (202) lower part and contacts；Lower support bar (210) lower part and tool apron (201) bottom structure
At the low secondary contact of spherical surface.In this example more specifically, protection sleeve (207) top of resilient support assemblies (20) is machined with cylinder
Head bulge-structure, and knife rest (202) lower part corresponding position offers matched groove, can constitute the low pair in cylindrical surface and connect
It touches；Lower support bar (210) lower part is provided with ball bumps structure, fixed ball hinged support (211), lower support in tool apron (201)
The ball bumps structure of bar (210) is pressed against on ball hinged support (211), can constitute the low secondary contact of spherical surface.
Preferably, in order to protect the composition parts of the weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter not by extraneous cutting edge of a knife or a sword to the maximum extent
The ground clast scraping damage of profit, the setting cover sheet (205) at the top of tool apron (201), and fastened by screw；Only cut
The cutting edge portion of cutting knife tool (203) is (following to unite by the rectangular recess as shown in Figure 1 opened up in the middle part of cover sheet (205)
Referred to as it is open) expose to tool apron (201) is external.In order to enable cutting tool (203) normally cuts the work ground such as soft rock soil
Layer, if under original operating state when completing overall assembling but not loading cutting (namely complete unloading condition, or), cutting tool
(203) height of cover sheet (205) is stretched out for h, and h can be taken as 10~30mm in this example；When suffering from the inoperatives rock such as hard rock
When soil layer, retraction is to passively realize evacuation function into tool apron (201) for cutting tool (203), to prevent cutting tool
(203) fracture failure due to hard rock generation rigid shock.It is worth noting that the addition of cover sheet (205) may make institute
Certain initial compression amount L can be had under original operating state by stating elastic element (206)0, to resist the typical work of cutting
Make the normality generated when rock-soil layer work chip-load Fnor, finally so that cutting tool (203) is in cutting exemplary operation rock-soil layer
When real cutting depth be not less than average cutting-in hequ；At this point, as shown in Fig. 2, knife rest (202) under the action of elastic reaction, top
Edge can be tightly attached to the bottom surface of cover sheet (205).
Preferably, being penetrated into view of the opening opened up on cover sheet (205) increases extraneous mud dregs
The internal possibility of tool apron (201), corrosion and abrasive action of the external substance to tool apron (201) inner components in order to prevent,
Groove is opened up in the surrounding of the opening, to be embedded in rubber seal (213), finally blocks the opening and cutting tool
(203) gap formed between；Lippacking can be used in this example, lip is close to cutting tool under original operating state
(203) side, therefore play good sealing effect.
Preferably, in order to ensure protection sleeve (207) accurate positioning and solid and reliable under original operating state, to keep away
Exempt from that sleeve (207) is protected to interfere with other parts, protection sleeve (207) outer wall is circumferentially equably laid with as shown in Figure 7
Spring supporting column (209)；Spring supporting column (209) is inserted in spacing compression spring as shown in Figure 8 (208)；Spacing compression spring (208) is another
It is tightly attached on the side wall of tool apron (201) one end；In this example, for the ease of assembly, more specifically, the side wall in tool apron (201)
Tapped through hole is offered at upper and opposite spring supporting column (209) position, T-type screw as shown in Figure 8 is screwed into above-mentioned spiral shell
In line through-hole, the stud of T-type screw protrusion is all the support of spacing compression spring (208) at this time.
Preferably, in view of disk spring is different from conventional springs, have " load is big, and stroke is short, and required space is small,
It is applied in combination conveniently, it is easy that repair changes the outfit, and economy and security is high " the features such as, therefore elastic element (206) uses disk spring.
Preferably, in order to avoid the raised hard object of exception on cutterhead face makes cutting tool (203) unlimitedly
Or exceedingly bounce back in tool apron (201), then cause elastic element (206) and the part being matched therewith to be crushed in succession,
There are a minimum clearances under original operating state with tool apron (201) bottom for knife rest (202)；As described in Figure 2, in knife rest
(202) stage casing bottom is provided with a boss I extended downwardly, and is provided with boss I relative positions in the middle part of tool apron (201) bottom
The one boss II (212) stretched out upwards；There are between a minimum under original operating state between boss I and boss II (212)
Gap, the gap just define maximum deflection angle of the knife rest (202) relative to the hinged center.
Preferably, distance measuring sensor is equipped in tool apron (201), to monitor the change of the minimum clearance amount in real time
Change situation.More specifically, it is embedded in the probe of electro-optical distance measurement sensor in boss II (212), real-time high-precision can be reached
Ground monitors the purpose of the minimum clearance amount.
If the present invention is applied on the cutterhead (100) of shield machine or composite shield, cutting tool (203) is selected to cut
Knife；In order to which weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter of the present invention to be securely installed on cutterhead (100), for panel type as shown in Figure 10
For cutterhead (100), mounting groove can be excavated out on cutterhead (100) front panel, so as to by tool apron (201) by screw threads for fastening or
The mode of welding is installed on cutterhead (100), and for spoke wheel (not shown), it can be directly by tool apron (201)
It is weldingly fixed on spoke.
Preferably, the outer surface of cover sheet (205) scrapes abrasion by ground in order to prevent, as shown in figure 9, protection cap
The outer surface of plate (205) should be concordant with the front end face of cutterhead (100), at this time so that cutting tool (203) is in original operating state
Under be higher by cutterhead (100) front panel certain distance, so as to ground on certain cutting-in cutting face；Work as cutting tool
(203) when suffering from the extreme ground consisting of hard rock that do not expect or hard object, cutting tool (203) can be retracted to its blade and cutterhead
(100) front end face is concordant, the extreme position as shown in double dot dash line in Fig. 9.
The present invention proposes a kind of weak soil rock stratum cutting devising method of cutting tool, it is characterized in that including the following steps：
Step 1：It treats stratum along excavation and carries out geological prospecting investigation (such as core drilling method samples), in conjunction with literature survey
(as consulted《Rock ＆ soil mechanical parameter handbook》、《Hydrogeological handbook》、《Geological drilling handbook》Equal handbooks), laboratory and/or apply
Work site physical Mechanics Performance Testing (such as carrying out Brazilian diametral compression test, uniaxial compressive strength test, experiment of weighing), experience are sentenced
Disconnected (engineering staff's range estimation, sense of touch analysis etc.), statistical analysis (count the rock slag clast of core sample, sondage into generation
Analysis etc.) etc. means, grasp ground channel type (all kinds of soil, soft rock, hard rock etc.) and its physical mechanics in stratum along excavating
Parameter (including density, porosity, uniaxial compressive strength, shearing strength, internal friction, elasticity modulus, Poisson's ratio, cohesive force
Deng)；
Step 2：It is applicable in cutting Lithology type range according to cutting tool, is selected from the above-mentioned ground channel type grasped
Work rock-soil layer and inoperative rock-soil layer；It is tunneled under operating mode for certain type cutter by shield machine, work rock-soil layer is generally soil
The incompetent beds such as the high weathered sandstone of earth layer and compression strength less than 5MPa, siltstone, mud sandstone, argillaceous limestone, Er Feigong
It is the hard rocks such as all kinds of limestone, granite, igneous rock to make rock-soil layer；It selects from the work rock-soil layer and to account for the largest percentage
It is a kind of to be used as exemplary operation rock-soil layer, the frequency that all kinds of ground channel types occur when be sampled according to core drilling method in this example
It determines, such as in river-crossing tunnel construction site, it is larger to be generally saturated powder (sand) soil layer proportion；It is selected from the work rock-soil layer
The a kind of of maximum intensity is used as maximal work rock-soil layer；The a kind of of maximum intensity is selected from inoperative rock-soil layer is used as inoperative
Limit rock-soil layer；In this example, according to《Standard for classification of engineering rock masses》Handbook is it is found that rock uniaxiality strength is relatively easy to survey
, and be the common quantitative target for characterizing rock strength using extensive, representativeness is strong and closely related with other intensity indexs
One of, the complexity and load level of rock-soil layer excavation are also directly reflected, therefore is selected.
Step 3：Given design criterion, including：
1) minimum license work cutting-in h is givenmin.In view of cutterhead (100) gives under cutting-in (namely the given cutting-in of name)
Each cutting tool (203) causes real work cutting-in that can reduce because of contraction performance, and cutting tool (203) is being cut in order to prevent
When the higher work rock-soil layer of intensity (namely by the F of maximal work chip-load described in step 4limWhen effect) cutting-in is too small
And influence construction speed, it is desirable that the real cutting depth of cutting tool (203) is not lower than minimum license work cutting-in hmin(by constructing
The minimum requirements of progress determines), this example is set as 3mm.
2) average cutting-in h is givenequ, it is assumed that there are initial compression amount L for elastic element (206)0.In view of cutting tool
(203) rock break-off process has step response, the in addition random variability of geology, therefore there is dynamic fluctuations for real cutting depth, but
(for main cutwork, the performance and effect of entire cutting process are affected when the cutting maximum exemplary operation rock-soil layer of accounting
Rate) quasi-steady state statistically is still shown, cutting-in and the cutting force wave up and down near a certain average value for a long time at this time
It is dynamic, cutting process is largely embodied, main stock-removing efficiency is reflected.According to the cutting test of construction experience and grasp
Data give average cutting-in h in this exampleequIt is proper for 10mm；In order to ensure that cutting tool in the present invention (203) is cut
Real cutting depth will not cause because of cutting tool (203) contraction performance less than average cutting-in h when cutting exemplary operation rock-soil layerequIf
Determine elastic element (206) has certain initial compression amount L under original operating state0, to resist cutting exemplary operation rock
The work chip-load of the normality as described in step 4 F being subject to when soil layernor；It is disk spring that this example elastic element (206), which is selected,.
3) the maximum amount of recovery h of cutting tool (203) is givens.In this example, in order to protect cutting tool (203) from overload
It impacts and fractures, general recommendations requires cutting tool (203) to meet with inoperative limit rock-soil layer suddenly under original operating state
When be just completely retracting to, i.e. h concordant with cover sheetsEqual to maximum nominal cutting-in hmax(nominal cutting-in is 0 at this time)；
Step 4：By means such as cutting test, simulation analysis, theoretical calculation, micro-judgments, average cutting-in h is predictedequUnder
Cutting tool (203) cuts normality work chip-load F when exemplary operation rock-soil layernor；The minimum license work cutting-in of prediction
hminMaximal work chip-load F when lower cutting tool (203) cutting maximal work rock-soil layerlim, predict in initialization shape
The extremely improper chip-load F that cutting tool (203) is subject to when state meets with inoperative limit rock-soil layer suddenlymax；In this example,
(it is suitable for soft using the cutter cutting soft rock Force Prediction obtained based on Yi Wansi wedge cutters cutting coal seam Modifying model
Rock is shown in Figure 11) and based on Mckyes-Ali farming Tool in Cutting resistance model amendments obtain cutter cut soil stress it is pre-
Survey model (being suitable for soil layer) prediction normality work chip-load FnorWith maximal work chip-load Flim, theoretical model it is specific
Derivation and formula introduction refer to document, and (shield excavation machine cutter cuts soft rock and the research of soil stress model and experimental verification
[D] Central South University, 2009).For the process of more specifically description theory prediction, using maximal work rock-soil layer as holystone
For layer, maximal work chip-load FlimHorizontal force component FhlimWith vertical force component FvlimFollowing formula calculating can be used：
In formula, σcFor rock uniaxiality strength；σtFor Rock Under Uniaxial Compression tensile strength；ψ is catalase angle,α is cutter tool point angle；B is that blade is wide； Friction coefficient of the μ between cutter and rock；φ is cutter and rock
Angle of friction between stone；Other refer to document.
Similarly, can work chip-load F in the hope of normalitynorHorizontal force component FhnorWith vertical force component Fvnor,
This is repeated no more.
In this example, due to the unexpected property and randomness of inoperative rock-soil layer, inoperative rock-soil layer is also possible to wrap in addition
The building remaining material such as erratic boulder, sandy gravel, reinforced concrete block is included, theoretical Accurate Prediction is more difficult, therefore following engineering is used to pass through
It tests formula and substantially predicts extremely improper chip-load FmaxHorizontal force component FhmaxWith vertical force component Fvmax：
Fhmax=SFhlim (3)
Fvmax=SFvlim (4)
In formula, S is safety coefficient, and value is 3 in this example.
Step 5：According to design criteria, ignoring the angular deflection of resilient support assemblies (20) influences, in conjunction with disk spring bullet
Property deformation principle and power, principle of moment balance, calculate the nominal cutting-in h of maximum for obtaining cutting tool (203)max, disk spring
Pre compressed magnitude L0With theoretical equivalent stiffness k；
In order to illustrate, this step specific implementation process is explained in description, as shown in figure 12, by the resilient support containing disk spring
Component (20) is reduced to equivalent spring；In figure, the depth of the point of a knife incision scar (21) of cutting tool (203) is that is, this moment practical
Cutting-in is hmin；Under original state, the upper surface of the point of a knife of cutting tool (203) apart from cover sheet as shown in Figure 2 (205)
(22) height is hmaxNamely the nominal cutting-in of maximum of cutting tool (203)；
In extremely improper chip-load FlimUnder effect, vertical force component FvlimRelative to straight pin (214) center
The elastic reaction F that torque applies with resilient support assemblies (20) cutter setting frame (202)nlimIt is equal relative to concentric torque
Weighing apparatus, then can estimate roughly FnlimSize be：
Fnlim≈FvlimL1/L2 (5)
In formula, L1、L2Respectively FvlimAnd FnlimApproximate distance of the position relative to straight pin (214) center.
Similarly, it can estimate roughly in extremely improper chip-load FmaxUnder effect, resilient support assemblies (20) cutter setting frame
(202) the elastic reaction F appliednmax；In normality work chip-load FnorUnder effect, resilient support assemblies (20) cutter setting frame
(202) the elastic reaction F appliednnor：
Fnmax≈FvmaxL1/L2 (6)
Fnnor≈FvnorL1/L2 (7)
The minimum license work cutting-in h given according to step 3minIt is found that when in extremely improper chip-load FlimEffect
Under, equivalent spring is due to elastical retraction so that the cutting-in of cutting tool (203) is from maximum nominal cutting-in hmaxAt most it is reduced to
hmin, considering initial compression amount L0When have：
(hmax-hmin+L0) k=Fnlim (8)
Similarly, for the maximum amount of recovery h of given cutting tool (203)s, h in this examples=hmaxHave：
(hmax+L0) k=Fnmax (9)
Have again：
L0K=Fnnor (10)
Simultaneous above formula, you can acquire the nominal cutting-in h of maximum for meeting the given design criteria of step 5max, disk spring
Pre compressed magnitude L0With theoretical equivalent stiffness k；In this example, maximum name cutting-in hmaxGenerally in 30~50mm within the scope of this.
Step 6：Tentatively selected disk spring series and combination form so that the design rigidity P' of disk spring is relative to reason
It is minimum by the error of equivalent stiffness k.The structural shape and size factor of monolithic disk spring are as shown in figure 13.This example is according to common sense
Experience reference《Mechanical design handbook》Carry out Preliminary design type selecting：D=20.4mm is chosen, includes as shown in table 1 below under the size
Array of sizes；In view of monolithic disk spring cannot be met the requirements, therefore use the serial 1 classification disk springs of A, spring assembly mode
For " pairing combination "；Load p=the 800N, the deflection f=0.19mm of single disk spring of single disk spring；It is preliminary to assume
It is made of the identical disk spring of 29 specifications, rated load fully meets this example requirement.
The structural series parameter list of 1 disk spring of table
| Spring | D/mm | d/mm | t(t’)/mm | h0/mm | H0/mm |
| A series | 40 | 20.4 | 2.25 | 0.9 | 3.15 |
| B series | 40 | 20.4 | 1.5 | 1.15 | 2.65 |
| C series | 40 | 20.4 | 1 | 1.30 | 2.30 |
The design rigidity P' of disk spring is：
In formula, t is spring thickness；D is disk spring outer diameter；F is the deflection of monolithic disk spring；h0For disk spring
The calculated value of deflection when pressing；E is elasticity modulus；μ is Poisson's ratio；K1And K4For design factor, referring specifically to《Machine Design
Handbook》.
Different potentially suitable disk spring dimension series and combination form are attempted by trial and error procedure, adjust disk spring
Number and other design parameters so that the design rigidity P' of disk spring relative to theoretical equivalent stiffness k error as far as possible
It is minimum；In this example, in order to reduce design efforts would, error is less than 30%.
Step 7：It is complete according to the structural shape of selected disk spring, the structural shape and size characteristic of cutting tool (203)
At knife rest (202), resilient support assemblies (20), tool apron (201), cover sheet (205), pivoting support (204) and ball compared with bearing
(211) structure refinement design, and preliminary trim designs are completed, as shown in Figure 2.
Step 8：According to assembly relation, angular deflection influence and the resilient support assemblies of resilient support assemblies (20) are considered
(20) the geometry rapport after stress deformation, it is that minimum license work is cut further to obtain cutting tool (203) real cutting depth
Deep hminWhen resilient support assemblies (20) relative theory deflection Δ Hlim(relative to original operating state)；For example, according to such as
Assembly relation shown in Fig. 2 considers angular deflection, stress deformation and its geometry with other parts of resilient support assemblies (20)
Rapport directly draws using autoCAD and measures maximal work chip-load F as shown in figure 14limThe lower elasticity branch of effect
The relative theory deflection Δ H of support component (20)limAnd FvlimAnd FnlimPosition be respectively relative in straight pin (214)
The accurate distance L of the heart11And L22, other corner parameters (θ in such as Figure 14n) etc..
It is similar with step 5, in conjunction with flexible deformation principle and power, principle of moment balance, the distance parameter obtained in conjunction with step 8
With corner parameter, it can calculate and obtain more accurate Fnlim；F is calculated further according to design rigidity P'nlimThe lower resilient support assemblies of effect
(20) relatively approximate deflection Δlim(relative to original operating state)；
Step 9：It is similar with step 8, further obtain when cutting tool (203) suddenly meet with inoperative limit rock-soil layer and
From original operating state retraction hsWhen resilient support assemblies (20) relative theory deflection Δ Hmax；Similarly, consider elasticity branch
The angular deflection of support component (20) influences, and calculates and obtains more accurate Fnmax；Further according to design rigidity P' calculate it is extremely non-just
The vertical force component F of normal chip-loadnmaxThe relatively approximate deflection Δ of the lower disk spring of effectmax；
Step 10：The structural shape and size of the selected elastic element (206) of fine tuning, modification and perfection weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter
Structural design scheme and assembling scheme, reduce opposite comprehensive deformation error delta；In this example, opposite comprehensive deformation error delta can adopt
It is calculated with following empirical formula：
Step 11：Carry out physics or emulation cutting test verification analysis, further modification and perfection weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter
Structural design scheme and assembling scheme so that opposite comprehensive deformation error delta is minimum；In this example, one can be rule of thumb given
A expectation optimum value, if Δ is 5%.
The above, preferable concrete mode only of the invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it is any
Those familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its invents
Design should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention with equivalent substitution or change.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter includes cutting tool, knife rest, resilient support assemblies, tool apron, it is characterised in that：
The cutting tool is fixedly installed on the knife rest；The knife rest is actively articulated in the tool apron, and with it is described
Resilient support assemblies upper contact；The lower part of the resilient support assemblies is placed on the bottom of the tool apron；In cutting masterpiece
Under, the resilient support assemblies are pressed against on the bottom of the tool apron, while resilient support assemblies compression shortens, after
And make the knife rest relative to hinged center to a certain amount of angular deflection occurs inside the tool apron.
2. a kind of weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The resilient support assemblies include
Elastic element, protection sleeve and lower support bar, wherein：The elastic element is caught in the lower support bar top；The protective case
Cylinder kink is outside the elastic element；The protection upper cartridge constitutes the low pair in cylindrical surface with the knife rest lower part and contacts；Institute
Lower support bar lower part pair low with tool apron bottom composition spherical surface is stated to contact.
3. a kind of weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The knife rest and the tool apron bottom
There are a minimum clearance amounts under original operating state in portion.
4. a kind of weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The protection sleeve outer wall is circumferential
Equably it is laid with spring supporting column；The spring supporting column is inserted in spacing compression spring；The other end of the spacing compression spring is close to
In on the side wall of the tool apron.
5. a kind of weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The elastic element is dish-shaped bullet
Spring.
6. a kind of weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Survey is installed in the tool apron
Away from sensor, to monitor the situation of change of the minimum clearance amount in real time.
7. a kind of weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter according to claim 1,2,3,4,5 or 6, it is characterised in that：In the knife
Cover sheet is arranged in the top of seat；The cutting edge portion of the only described cutting tool is by the opening that is opened up on the cover sheet to institute
It states and exposes outside tool apron.
8. a kind of weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：In the opening and the cutting
Sealing element is arranged in gap area between cutter.
9. a kind of weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：The outer surface of the cover sheet
It should be concordant with the front end face of cutterhead；It is described to cut when the cutting tool suffers from the extreme ground consisting of hard rock that do not expect or hard object
It is concordant with the front end face of the cutterhead that cutting knife tool can be retracted to its blade.
10. a kind of weak soil rock stratum cutting devising method of cutting tool, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
Step 1：It treats to excavate and carries out geological prospecting along stratum, in conjunction with literature survey, laboratory and/or construction site physical force
The means such as performance test, micro-judgment, statistical analysis are learned, the ground channel type and its physical mechanics ginseng excavated along stratum are grasped
Number；
Step 2：According to the applicable cutting Lithology type range of the cutting tool, work rock is selected from the ground channel type
Soil layer and inoperative rock-soil layer；A kind of conduct exemplary operation ground to account for the largest percentage is selected from the work rock-soil layer
Layer；The a kind of of maximum intensity is selected from the work rock-soil layer is used as maximal work rock-soil layer；From the inoperative rock-soil layer
In select maximum intensity it is a kind of be used as inoperative limit rock-soil layer；
Step 3：Given design criterion, including given minimum license work cutting-in is hmin, it is h to give average cutting-inequ, it is assumed that institute
The elastic element for stating resilient support assemblies has certain initial compression amount L under original operating state0, give bite
The maximum amount of recovery h of tools；
Step 4：By means such as cutting test, simulation analysis, theoretical calculation, micro-judgments, average cutting-in h is predictedequIt is lower described
Cutting tool cuts the normality work chip-load F when exemplary operation rock-soil layernor；The minimum license work cutting-in h of predictionmin
Under maximal work chip-load F of cutting tool when cutting the maximal work rock-soil layerlim, predict in initialization shape
The state extremely improper chip-load F that the cutting tool is subject to when meeting with the inoperative limit rock-soil layer suddenlymax；
Step 5：According to design criteria, ignoring the angular deflection of the resilient support assemblies influences, in conjunction with flexible deformation principle and
Power, principle of moment balance calculate and obtain maximum nominal cutting-in hmax, the elastic element pre compressed magnitude L0It is equivalent just with theory
Spend k；
Step 6：Tentatively select the array of sizes and combination form of the elastic element so that the design rigidity of the elastic element
P' is minimum relative to the error of theoretical equivalent stiffness k；
Step 7：According to the structural shape of selected elastic element, the structural shape and size characteristic of the cutting tool, knife is completed
Frame, resilient support assemblies, tool apron, cover sheet, pivoting support and ball are designed compared with the structure refinement of bearing, and complete preliminary dress
With design；
Step 8：According to assembly relation, consider the angular deflection of the resilient support assemblies influence and the resilient support assemblies by
The deformed geometry rapport of power, it is minimum license work cutting-in h further to obtain the cutting tool real cutting depthminWhen
The relative theory deflection Δ H of the resilient support assembliesmin；In conjunction with flexible deformation principle and power, principle of moment balance, according to
Design rigidity P' calculates maximal work chip-load FlimThe relatively approximate deflection Δ of the resilient support assemblies under effectlim；
Step 9：Similarly, consider that the angular deflection of the resilient support assemblies influences and the resilient support assemblies stress deformation
Geometry rapport afterwards, further obtain when the cutting tool meets with the inoperative limit rock-soil layer suddenly and the h that bounces backs
The relative theory deflection Δ H of Shi Suoshu resilient support assembliesmax；Similarly, consider the angular deflection of the resilient support assemblies
It influences, extremely improper chip-load F is calculated according to design rigidity P'maxThe resilient support assemblies is relatively approximate under effect
Deflection Δmax；
Step 10：Finely tune the structural shape of the elastic element, the structural design scheme of modification and perfection weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter
And assembling scheme, reduce opposite comprehensive deformation error delta；
Step 11：Carry out physics, emulation cutting test verification analysis, the structure of further modification and perfection weak soil rock stratum cutting cutter
Design scheme and assembling scheme so that opposite comprehensive deformation error delta is minimum.
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