CN108394980A - A kind of green flocculant for sewage disposal - Google Patents
A kind of green flocculant for sewage disposal Download PDFInfo
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- CN108394980A CN108394980A CN201810325958.6A CN201810325958A CN108394980A CN 108394980 A CN108394980 A CN 108394980A CN 201810325958 A CN201810325958 A CN 201810325958A CN 108394980 A CN108394980 A CN 108394980A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
- C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5263—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using natural chemical compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F251/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
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- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of green flocculants for sewage disposal, including：40 70 parts of carboxymethyl starch graft acrylamide copolymer, 10 20 parts of chitosan, 3 10 parts of dandelion extract, 1 10 parts of purslane extract, 1 10 parts of Artemisia stelleriana extract, 1 10 parts of bitter dish extract, 0 10 parts of chenopodium album linn extract, 0 10 parts of Herba Plantaginis extract, 0 10 parts of extract of uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested.Preparation method includes preparing carboxymethyl starch graft acrylamide copolymer, preparing wild plant extract, the mixing of each raw material, then after ball milling, drying.The flocculant of the present invention after starch conversion by, with acrylamide graft, will enhance its flocculation ability, then compound plant extracts and chitosan, the effect of restraining and sterilizing bacteria is also acted as while so that flocculation ability is greatly improved, safe and non-toxic noresidue, it is of low cost, it is easy to spread.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of flocculant, more particularly to a kind of green flocculation for sewage disposal for sewage disposal
Agent.
Background technology
Water is mostly important substance in human being's production life.With the continuous development of industry, the usage amount of water resource
Increase therewith, and on the earth only less than 1% fresh water, and wherein only about 0.007% water can directly be utilized by the mankind, in recent years
Carrying out the fast development with industry, water pollution problem becomes increasingly conspicuous, meanwhile, the continuous improvement of people's living standard is to water
Higher requirements are also raised for matter.The safety guarantee work at water source causes the great attention of environmental protection department of various countries already, and
Take a series of strong safeguards including legislation.However, at regard to current pollution of waterhead situation, Water warfare
The realistic situations such as reason means are seen, opportunities and challenges are still faced with.Therefore, the industries such as pulping and paper-making, plating, fermentation are effectively controlled
Discharge standard, for environmental protection, ensure the people drinking-water health and promoted people's living standard have it is important reality anticipate
Justice.
Flocculence is a kind of simple, efficient, cheap and very important method for treating water, it has also become modern water process
One of important method, it is widely used in the processing of ground water and industrial effluents.The flocculant added is the key that this technique
Place.Therefore, the scientist of various countries pays much attention to make internal disorder or usurp to grinding for flocculant always, different according to the material of flocculant, can will wad a quilt with cotton
Solidifying agent is divided into inorganic flocculating agent, biological flocculant, organic polymer coargulator three categories.Inorganic flocculating agent has flocculation because of it
The advantages that effect is good, of low cost, and raw material easily obtains once was widely used in each water treatment field.But it is also deposited
It is big in dosage, there is metal ion residual in water body, is gradually substituted by other flocculants.Organic polymer coargulator
Organic synthesis macromolecule and natural polymer two major classes can be divided into again.Organic synthesis high polymer coagulant has polyacrylamide（
PAM ）Class, polydimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride（PDMDAAC）Class and epichlorohydrin amine（EPI-DMA）Class etc..With it is inorganic
Flocculant is compared, organic synthesis high polymer coagulant（Such as polyacrylamide）With structure-controllable, the pH scope of applications are wide, add
Measure the features such as small, few without metal residual and sludge yield.But the molecular structure stabilized of organic synthesis high polymer coagulant, is not easy
Degradation, monomer remains for a long time in water body can equally cause secondary pollution.As acrylamide monomer has proven to be one
The potential biological neural toxin of kind.Natural macromolecule flocculating agent has safe and non-toxic, easily biological-degradable, non-secondary pollution or can be with
Useless to control the features such as useless and environmental-friendly, natural macromolecule flocculating agent its molecular weight that can be traditional is limited, surface charge is low, flocculation is imitated
Fruit is poor and easily occurs biodegradable and loses flocculation activity, and expensive, therefore is never obtained extensively in water process
General use.
Since the nearly more than ten years, the developmental research of natural organic high-molecular flocculant has more deep progress.Exist both at home and abroad
In terms of the exploitation of starch derivatives, natural plant gum, chitosan and its derivative as water treatment agent, achieve unprecedented new
Achievement.The active group contained on the macromolecular chain of natural polymer is very more, by a series of chemical modification, its performance
Significantly got well than the high polymer coagulant of synthesis.Industrial water consumption increases so that wastewater flow rate to be treated also increases, from
From the point of view of this point, the research and development of natural macromolecule flocculating agent are imperative, this is also a current difficulty for being badly in need of solving
Topic.
Invention content
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of green flocculants for sewage disposal.The present invention
Flocculant by the way that after starch conversion, with acrylamide graft, its flocculation ability will be enhanced, then compound plant extracts and
Chitosan also acts as the effect of restraining and sterilizing bacteria while so that flocculation ability is greatly improved, safe and non-toxic noresidue is of low cost,
It is easy to spread.
The present invention also provides the manufacturing methods of this flocculant.
A kind of green flocculant for sewage disposal of the present invention, meter includes following component in parts by weight：Carboxymethyl
40-70 parts of starch graft acrylamide copolymer, 10-20 parts of chitosan, 1-10 parts of dandelion extract, purslane extract 1-
10 parts, 1-10 parts of Artemisia stelleriana extract, 1-10 parts of bitter dish extract, 0-10 parts of chenopodium album linn extract, 0-10 parts of Herba Plantaginis extract
It uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested 0-10 parts of extract with drawing.
The preparation method of carboxymethyl starch graft acrylamide copolymer is in the flocculant of the present invention：In parts by weight
1-2.5 parts of carboxymethyl starch is added in 60-90 parts of deionized water, is heated to 70-90 DEG C, under nitrogen protection not by meter
Disconnected stirring carries out gelatinization 0.5-1.5h, cooling；Initiator potassium persulfate is added later, it is 4.25 × 10 to make initiator concentration4 -
6.80×104mol/L；Then the monomeric acrylamide for adding 3-10 parts reacts 1-6 hours at 45-65 DEG C, and reaction terminates
Afterwards, with absolute ethyl alcohol washed product, and product at reduced pressure is dried to constant weight to obtain the final product.
It is preferred that the parts by weight of each component are in flocculant：45-60 parts of carboxymethyl starch graft acrylamide copolymer, shell
10-16 parts of glycan, 2-6 parts of dandelion extract, 2-6 parts of purslane extract, 2-6 parts of Artemisia stelleriana extract, bitter dish extract 2-6
Part, 2-6 parts of chenopodium album linn extract, 2-6 parts of Herba Plantaginis extract and drawing are uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested 2-6 parts of extract.
The parts by weight of most preferably each component are：50 parts of carboxymethyl starch graft acrylamide copolymer, 15 parts of chitosan, Pu
3 parts of public English extract, 3 parts of purslane extract, 3 parts of Artemisia stelleriana extract, 3 parts of bitter dish extract, 3 parts of chenopodium album linn extract, vehicle
Preceding 3 parts of extract of grass and drawing are uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested 3 parts of extract.
The preparation method of the flocculant of the present invention, includes the following steps：
（1）Prepare carboxymethyl starch graft acrylamide copolymer
It counts in parts by weight, 1-2.5 parts of carboxymethyl starch is added in 60-90 parts of deionized water, is heated to 70-90 DEG C,
It is stirred continuously under nitrogen protection and carries out gelatinization 0.5-1.5h, it is cooling；Initiator potassium persulfate is added later, makes initiator concentration
It is 4.25 × 104 -6.80×104mol/L；Then the monomeric acrylamide for adding 3-10 parts, at 45-65 DEG C, when reaction
Between be 1-6 hours, after reaction, with absolute ethyl alcohol washed product, and product at reduced pressure is dried to constant weight to obtain the final product.
（2）Fresh dandelion is cleaned up into air drying and stoving, is crushed, is added in water in 80 DEG C~100 DEG C hot water
Hot dipping proposes postcooling filtering in 2~8 hours in bath, and filter vacuum is then drying to obtain extract；Purslane, Artemisia stelleriana, bitter dish, ash
The extraction step that grey dish, Asiatic plantain, drawing are uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested is identical as dandelion.
（3）It will be above-mentioned（1）With（2）In step then gained raw material is packed by being stirred after ball milling, drying.
It is preferred that the preparation method of the flocculant of the present invention is to include the following steps：
（1）Prepare carboxymethyl starch graft acrylamide copolymer
It counts in parts by weight, 2 parts of carboxymethyl starch is added in 70 parts of deionized water, 85 DEG C is heated to, in nitrogen protection
Under be stirred continuously and carry out gelatinization 1h, it is cooling；Initiator potassium persulfate is added later, initiator concentration is 5.5 × 104mol/L；
Then the monomeric acrylamide for adding 9 parts, at 50 DEG C, the reaction time is 4 hours, after reaction, is washed with absolute ethyl alcohol
It washs product, and product at reduced pressure is dried to constant weight to obtain the final product.
（2）Fresh dandelion is cleaned up into air drying and stoving, is crushed, the hot dipping in 90 DEG C of hot baths in water is added
Postcooling filtering in 4 hours is proposed, filter vacuum is then drying to obtain extract；Purslane, Artemisia stelleriana, bitter dish, chenopodium album linn, Chinese herbaceous peony
Grass, the extraction step uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested are identical as dandelion.
（3）It will be above-mentioned（1）With（2）In step then gained raw material is packed by being stirred after ball milling, drying.
The carboxymethyl starch of the present invention refers to sodium carboxymethyl starch, is abbreviated as CMS, is the moon relatively early succeeded in developing
Ionic starch ether is one kind of converted starch, belongs to ethers starch, is a kind of water soluble anion polymer electrolyte compound.Its nothing
Taste, it is nontoxic, be not easy to go mouldy, it is soluble easily in water.Carboxymethyl starch is one kind more important in modified starch, it is starch and a chlorine
The product of nucleophilic substitution occurs under alkaline condition for acetic acid.
The reaction of the carboxymethyl starch and acrylamide monomer of the present invention meets emulsion polymerization mechanism.They are in water phase
Middle generation chain initiation reaction, the free radical attack carboxymethyl starch that the initiator in water phase generates excite it to generate carboxymethyl starch
Macromolecular radical, carboxymethyl starch macromolecular radical can be by diffusing into the inside of emulsion particle, and then causes third
Acrylamide monomer carries out graft polymerization reaction.
Starch surface texture after carboxymethylated reaction has changed a lot, no longer the surface as original starch
It is smooth like that.The surface of carboxymethyl starch is rough, and the structure of hole exists.The surface of carboxymethyl starch connects
The polyacrylamide branch of a large amount of strips, these polyacrylamide branches are fixed on the uneven of starch granules on branch
Surface on, form the big more space net structures of surface area ratio carboxymethyl starch.The increase of carboxymethyl starch surface area
It, also can be more to the flocculating effect during the processing of waste water so that the graft copolymer has stronger adsorption capacity to suspended matter
It is good.
It is that graft side chain reacts the copolymer synthesized by skeleton main chain and polyacrylamide of carboxymethyl starch, remains carboxylic
The excellent performance of both methyl starch and synthetic polymeric flocculant contains C=O, C-O- in carboxymethyl starch molecule itself
C、-OH、-CH2Equal functional groups, after carboxymethyl starch and monomeric acrylamide graft copolymerization, work that molecule itself contains
Property hydroxyl be activated into free radical Hyarogen-bonding made to slacken, molecular weight increases, strand also significant elongation, the pole contained in addition
Property group amide groups also increasing simultaneously, the polar group contained can make particle by adsorbing the solid particle that suspends in water
Between by charge neutralization or bridging action make micelle coalescence sedimentation.Being total to after the upper polyacrylamide of carboxymethyl starch grafting
Polymers can accelerate the sinking speed of solids in suspension particle, can significantly speed up suspension clarification, it is equivalent to reach filtering
Fruit.
The raw material of plant extracts in the present invention is as follows:
1. purslane
It contains abundant two oxyethylamines, malic acid, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamin E, carrotene, vitamin B, dimension
The nutriments such as raw element C；For purslane nutritionally there are one prominent feature, its 3 content of fatty acid of ω-is higher than people and plant
Object；3 aliphatic acid of ω-can inhibit human body to reduce serum cholesterol concentration, improve vessel wall elasticity, the absorption of the solid acid of courage to anti-
It is highly advantageous to control angiocardiopathy；There is clearing heat and promoting diuresis, removing toxicity for detumescence, anti-inflammatory, quench the thirst, diuresis；It is annual herb plant,
Happiness is moist, is grown on beside farmland, vegetable plot and ditch more, has the effect of clearing heat and detoxicating, scattered blood detumescence, and have stronger antibacterial
Effect.
Purslane extract main active is：Amino acid, polysaccharide, vitamin, flavones, saponin(e, alkaloid.
2. dandelion
Dandelion herb is rich in vitamin A, vitamin C and potassium, also contains iron, calcium, vitamin B2, vitamin B1, magnesium, vitamin
B6, folic acid and copper；Specific constituent content is mainly moisture, every 60 grams of dandelion herb leaves moisture content 86%, 1.6 grams of protein, carbon
5.3 grams of hydrate, there are about 108.8 kilojoules for heat；Contain taraxol, taraxacin, choline, organic in dandelion plant
A variety of health-nutrition ingredients such as acid, synanthrin；Nature and flavor are sweet, slight bitter, tremble with fear；Return liver, stomach；There are diuresis, laxative, removing jaundice subcutaneous ulcer, cholagogic etc.
Effect；Control heat toxin, carbuncle swells, sore, internal carbuncle, red eye, swell pain, damp and hot, jaundice, the puckery pain of dribbling urination, furuncle swelling toxin, acute mastitis, scrofula
Scrofula, toothache, hot eyes, pharyngalgia, lung carbuncle, acute appendicitis, jaundice with damp-heat pathogen, puckery pain of heat gonorrhea；Control acute mastitis, adenolymphitis, scrofula, serious case of furuncle
Sore swells, acute conjunctivitis, cold, fever, acute tonsillitis, acute bronchitis, gastritis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, urinary tract infections
Deng；It facts have proved addition dandelion powder, existing stomach invigorating, orectic effect in feed, and growth can be promoted, and can prevent
Digestion and respiratory disease.
The main active of dandelion has taraxasterol, choline, synanthrin, pectin etc..Containing taraxol, Pu Gong in root
English matches alcohol, ψ-taraxasterol, taraxasterol, β-amyrin, stigmasterol, cupreol, choline, organic acid, fructose, sugarcane
Sugar, glucose, glycoside and resin, rubber etc..Leaf is containing lutein, violaxanthin.It is yellow containing Arnica, leaf in spending
Element and flavoxanthin.Contain cupreol, -3 β -ol of 5z- beans steroid -7- alkene, folic acid and vitamin C in pollen.Contain leaf in green calyx
Green quinone.Contain cupreol and β-amyrin in scape.
3. bitter dish
The tender seedling of every 100 grams of bitter dish contains 2.8 grams of protein, 0.6 gram of fat, 5.4 grams of crude fibre, 4.6 grams of carbohydrate, carrotene 540
Microgram .09 milligrams of vitaminB10,0.11 milligram of vitamin B2,0.6 milligram of nicotinic acid, 19 milligrams of vitamin C, vitamin
E2.93 milligrams, 180 milligrams of potassium, 66 milligrams of calcium, 9.4 milligrams of iron, 0.86 milligram of zinc, 41 milligrams of phosphorus, also contain 17 kinds of amino acid,
Wherein arginine, histidine, content of glutamic acid highest, account for the 43% of total amino acid content；In addition also contain dandelion steroid in bitter dish
Alcohol, mannitol, choline etc.；Bitter dish have clearing heat and detoxicating, cool blood, stop dysentery and other effects, cure mainly dysentery, yellow subcutaneous ulcer, blood strangury, the diseases such as hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula
Disease；It is proven：It is applied in terms of duck feed can play the role of it is following, 1）Health care clearing away summerheat, containing rich in bitter dish
Rich vitamin C, calcium, sodium, potassium etc. in summer clearing away summerheat, and can also promote the growth of duck young bird to send out duck group's health care
It educates；2）Bactericidal antiphlogistic prevents dysentery characterized by white mucous stool；Bitter dish wherein contain taraxasterol, this active ingredient has very for many bacteriums
Good bactericidal effect, such as staphylococcus, Escherichia coli etc. can play very duck group's enteron aisle often to duck group's feeding bitter dish
Good catharsis, the prevention of dysentery characterized by white mucous stool have good effect；3）Improve immunity, the abundant vitamin that bitter dish contain, amino
Acids greatly improves duck group's immunity.
4. chenopodium album linn
Chenopodium album linn, You Mingli, the wild grey dish of alias, grey knotweed head grass etc. is Chenopodiaceae annual herb plant；It is main be born in field,
Side, roadside, Around the house etc.；Chenopodium album linn seedling and young stem and leaf edible, delicious flavour, mouthfeel is tender, full of nutrition；It is edible
Chenopodium album linn can prevent anaemia, promote upgrowth and development of children, also have certain health care functions to person in middle and old age calcium deficiency person；In addition, herb
Also contain the peculiar substances such as volatile oil, chenopodine, enteron parasite can be prevented, eliminate halitosis；Herb can be used as medicine again, can stop
Rush down dysentery, it is antipruritic, dysentery diarrhea can be controlled.
Chenopodium album linn whole plant active constituent has oleanolic acid, L (-) leucine and cupreol；Titbit contains ferulic acid and perfume (or spice)
Oxalic acid, leaf contain oxalates, and herb contains volatile oil；68% is neutral fat in the lipid of leaf, includes palmitic acid, tetracosanoic acid, oil
Acid, linoleic acid, nonacosane, oleyl alcohol；Root is containing glycine betaine, amino acid；Seed 5.54%~l4.86% of oil-containing, chenopodium album linn also contain benzene
Hexenoic acid, sinapic acid, vanillyl alcohol, 4- phenol ethylenes, 4- tolyl aldehydes, rosin spirit, caryophyllus oil, is fallen 4- hydroxy-styrenes acid
Leaf pine tree lipidol etc.
5. Asiatic plantain
Also known as the complete stool that wheel grass Asiatic plantain is Plantaginaceae plant Chinese herbaceous peony and ordinary building, it is sweet in flavor, it is cold in nature；With eliminating the phlegm, antibechic,
The effects that relievining asthma；Asiatic plantain is clearing damp and promoting diuresis Chinese medicine, is cured mainly：Under main difficult urination, stranguria with turbid discharge band, oedema turgor, summer-heat and damp rush down dysentery, mesh
It is red hide from view, phlegm heat-syndrome cough asthma；Plantain not only has significant diuresis, but also with apparent eliminating the phlegm, antibacterial, antihypertensive effect；
It can act on respiratory center, there is very strong cough-relieving power；The secretion of trachea-bronchial epithelial cell mucus can be promoted, and there are phlegm-dispelling functions.
Chinese herbaceous peony herb active constituent is containing ursolic acid, positive hentriacontane, sitosterol, stigmasterol, flavones, plantagin etc..
6. it uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested,
A kind of wild climbing plant of Moraceae Humulus, spinosity above diameter, is commonly called as perverse centre, Chinese scientific name humulus grass；Alias：
There is psilate catchweed bedstraw herb, uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested, draws and draw wrist, bilobed grewia root stem and leaf, pick up grass, Radix Rubiae Yunnanensis, blood activating grass, red madder, carriage, hang and draw beans, red line
Grass, acalyphae,herba, draws dog egg, the seedling root etc. that rustles multiple at yellow angledtwig magnoliavine root stem and leaf；Drawing root Chinese medicine of uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested is called humulus grass；Pharmacological property is sweet, bitter, trembles with fear；Clearly
Thermal detoxification；This product bitter is cold in nature, is apt to walk blood system, can cooling blood and hemostasis and promoting circulation of blood of invigorating blood circulation, therefore can be used for blood-heat bleeding or blood stasis
Train of thought goes out blood trouble, for blood-head press from both sides the stasis of blood it is various go out blood trouble, it is particularly suitable；This product energy degrading the channel, the row stasis of blood is stagnant, thus it is available control through
It closes, the card of the blood stasis channels and collaterals impatency such as traumatic injury, arthralgia pain due to rheumatism.
Herb contains cyanidenon, glycoside, choline and asparagine, other still have volatile oil, tannin and resin.
Cone contains humulone and lupulones.Leaf is containing 0.015% cosmosiin, Vitexin.Mainly contain β-Humuleno, China pink in volatile oil
Alkene, α-flaw bar alkene, α-selinene, β-selinene and γ-Cadinene etc..
Advantageous effect
1. the present invention in the Polyacrylamide Grafted to carboxymethyl starch containing flexible chain be made a kind of novel high molecular material,
It has both the excellent performance of carboxymethyl starch and polyacrylamide.Rigid CMS main chains are borrowed with PAM branches flexible in copolymer
It helps chemical bond to be bound tightly together, ultimately forms temper toughness with gentleness bulky branched or netted big a point
Minor structure.Since it is with relatively long strand and general polyacrylamide ratio, it has, and thermal stability is good, wads a quilt with cotton
The features such as solidifying ability is strong, wide adaptation range, CMS prices ratio PAM is cheap in addition, and production cost reduces, and economic benefit increases, have compared with
Good application prospect.
2. the present invention is added to a variety of wild plants on the basis of carboxymethyl starch and Polyacrylamide Grafted object again
Extract.These plant extracts are on the one hand flocculated containing that there are many ingredients such as polysaccharide and protein, can play the role of, with carboxylic
Methyl starch and polyacrylamide compounding, substantially increase its flocculation ability.On the other hand, they all respectively contain various sterilization
Antibacterial active ingredient can play the role of restraining and sterilizing bacteria to sewage very well.
3. present invention materials are natural, safety is nontoxic, and secondary pollution is not present.
4. the plant extracts raw material of the present invention are edible wild herbs, field is seen everywhere, and can save a large amount of former material
Expect cost, manufacture craft of the present invention is simple and practicable, easy to spread.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with example, but those skilled in the art will manage
Solution, the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Prepare carboxymethyl starch graft acrylamide copolymer：It counts in parts by weight, 2 parts of carboxymethyl starch is added 70 parts
In deionized water, 85 DEG C are heated to, is stirred continuously carries out gelatinization 1h under nitrogen protection, it is cooling；Initiator over cure is added later
Sour potassium, initiator concentration are 5.5 × 104mol/L；Then the monomeric acrylamide for adding 9 parts, at 50 DEG C, the reaction time
Be 4 hours, after reaction, with absolute ethyl alcohol washed product, and product at reduced pressure dried to constant weight to obtain the final product.
Embodiment 2
Prepare carboxymethyl starch graft acrylamide copolymer：It counts in parts by weight, 1 part of carboxymethyl starch is added 90 parts
In deionized water, 90 DEG C are heated to, is stirred continuously carries out gelatinization 0.5h under nitrogen protection, it is cooling；Initiator mistake is added later
Potassium sulfate, initiator concentration are 4.25 × 104mol/L；Then the monomeric acrylamide for adding 3 parts, at 45 DEG C, when reaction
Between be 1 hour, after reaction, with absolute ethyl alcohol washed product, and product at reduced pressure is dried to constant weight to obtain the final product.
Embodiment 3
Prepare carboxymethyl starch graft acrylamide copolymer：It counts in parts by weight, 2.5 parts of carboxymethyl starch is added 80 parts
Deionized water in, be heated to 70 DEG C, be stirred continuously carry out gelatinization 1.5h under nitrogen protection, it is cooling；Initiator is added later
Potassium peroxydisulfate, initiator concentration are 6.80 × 104mol/L；Then the monomeric acrylamide for adding 5 parts, at 65 DEG C, reaction
Time is 6 hours, after reaction, with absolute ethyl alcohol washed product, and product at reduced pressure is dried to constant weight to obtain the final product.
Embodiment 4
Prepare carboxymethyl starch graft acrylamide copolymer：It counts in parts by weight, 1.8 parts of carboxymethyl starch is added 85 parts
Deionized water in, be heated to 80 DEG C, be stirred continuously carry out gelatinization 1h under nitrogen protection, it is cooling；Initiator mistake is added later
Potassium sulfate, initiator concentration are 6 × 104mol/L；Then the monomeric acrylamide for adding 8 parts, at 55 DEG C, the reaction time
Be 3 hours, after reaction, with absolute ethyl alcohol washed product, and product at reduced pressure dried to constant weight to obtain the final product.
Embodiment 5
Prepare carboxymethyl starch graft acrylamide copolymer：It counts in parts by weight, 1.8 parts of carboxymethyl starch is added 75 parts
Deionized water in, be heated to 70 DEG C, be stirred continuously carry out gelatinization 1h under nitrogen protection, it is cooling；Initiator mistake is added later
Potassium sulfate, initiator concentration are 4.8 × 104mol/L；Then the monomeric acrylamide for adding 7 parts, at 45 DEG C, when reaction
Between be 2 hours, after reaction, with absolute ethyl alcohol washed product, and product at reduced pressure is dried to constant weight to obtain the final product.
Embodiment 6
Prepare carboxymethyl starch graft acrylamide copolymer：It counts in parts by weight, 1.5 parts of carboxymethyl starch is added 85 parts
Deionized water in, be heated to 80 DEG C, be stirred continuously carry out gelatinization 1h under nitrogen protection, it is cooling；Initiator mistake is added later
Potassium sulfate, initiator concentration are 6.50 × 104mol/L；Then the monomeric acrylamide for adding 4 parts, at 55 DEG C, when reaction
Between be 3.5 hours, after reaction, with absolute ethyl alcohol washed product, and product at reduced pressure is dried to constant weight to obtain the final product.
Using the waste water of printing and dyeing mill as process object, comparative example 1 is done with pure polyacrylamide, after sewage disposal
COD removal rates and light transmittance T（T%）Etc. indexs characterized, the dosage of each sample is 0.030g/L, and each test case removes
Sample is different, and other test condition all sames the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
According to table 1 as can be seen that the effect of carboxymethyl starch and acrylamide graft object prepared by the process conditions of embodiment 1 is
Best, in embodiment 7 to embodiment 15 below, all this condition is used to prepare carboxymethyl starch graft acrylamide.
Embodiment 7
Flocculant preparation process is as follows：
（1）Carboxymethyl starch graft acrylamide copolymer is prepared according to the process conditions of embodiment 1, i.e., is counted in parts by weight,
2 parts of carboxymethyl starch is added in 70 parts of deionized water, is heated to 85 DEG C, is stirred continuously is gelatinized under nitrogen protection
1h, it is cooling；Initiator potassium persulfate is added later, initiator concentration is 5.5 × 104mol/L；Then 9 parts of monomer is added
Acrylamide, at 50 DEG C, the reaction time is 4 hours, after reaction, with absolute ethyl alcohol washed product, and by product at reduced pressure
It dries to constant weight to obtain the final product.
（2）Fresh dandelion is cleaned up into air drying and stoving, is crushed, the hot dipping in 90 DEG C of hot baths in water is added
Postcooling filtering in 4 hours is proposed, filter vacuum is then drying to obtain extract；Purslane, Artemisia stelleriana, bitter dish, chenopodium album linn, Chinese herbaceous peony
Grass, the extraction step uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested are identical as dandelion.
（3）It will be above-mentioned（1）With（2）In step then gained raw material is packed by being stirred after ball milling, drying.
The preparation process condition of embodiment 8- embodiments 15 and 7 all same of embodiment, raw material components are counted in parts by weight matches
Such as the following table 2：
Table 2
Using the raw water of sewage treatment plant as process object, virgin pp amide, pure chitosan, the flocculation of commercially available finished product is respectively adopted
As a comparison case, injected volume is 0.015g/L for agent three, and other conditions are all identical.COD removal rates to sewage after processing and
Light transmittance（T%）Etc. indexs characterized, the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3
From table 3 it can be seen that embodiment 7- embodiments 13 are more much better than the effect of embodiment 1, this explanation is in simple carboxylic first
After having compounded chitosan and plant extracts on the basis of base starch graft acrylamide, synergistic effect is played, than simple
The flocculation ability of each raw material is all enhanced.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of green flocculant for sewage disposal, it is characterized in that meter includes following component in parts by weight：Carboxymethyl forms sediment
40-70 parts of powder graft acrylamide copolymer, 10-20 parts of chitosan, 1-10 parts of dandelion extract, purslane extract 1-10
Part, 1-10 parts of Artemisia stelleriana extract, 1-10 parts of bitter dish extract, 0-10 parts of chenopodium album linn extract, 0-10 parts of Herba Plantaginis extract, drawing
It uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested 0-10 parts of extract.
2. flocculant as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the preparation of the carboxymethyl starch graft acrylamide copolymer
Method is：It counts in parts by weight, 1-2.5 parts of carboxymethyl starch is added in 60-90 parts of deionized water, is heated to 70-90
DEG C, it is stirred continuously carries out gelatinization 0.5-1.5h under nitrogen protection, it is cooling；Initiator potassium persulfate is added later, makes initiator
A concentration of 4.25 × 104-6.80×104mol/L；Then the monomeric acrylamide for adding 2-10 parts, at 45-65 DEG C, reaction
Time is 1-6 hours, after reaction, with absolute ethyl alcohol washed product, and product at reduced pressure is dried to constant weight to obtain the final product.
3. flocculant as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that the parts by weight of each component are：Carboxymethyl starch grafting third
45-60 parts of acrylamide copolymer, 10-16 parts of chitosan, 2-6 parts of dandelion extract, 2-6 parts of purslane extract, Artemisia stelleriana carries
2-6 parts of object is taken, 2-6 parts of bitter dish extract, 2-6 parts of chenopodium album linn extract, 2-6 parts of Herba Plantaginis extract, uproot plants after their edible portions have been harvested extract 2-6
Part.
4. flocculant as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that the parts by weight of each component are：Carboxymethyl starch grafted propylene acyl
50 parts of amine copolymer object, 15 parts of chitosan, 3 parts of dandelion extract, 3 parts of purslane extract, 3 parts of Artemisia stelleriana extract, bitter dish carry
Take 3 parts of object, 3 parts of chenopodium album linn extract, 3 parts of Herba Plantaginis extract, 3 parts of extract of uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested.
5. the preparation method of flocculant as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that including the following steps：
（1）Prepare carboxymethyl starch graft acrylamide copolymer
It counts in parts by weight, 1-2.5 parts of carboxymethyl starch is added in 60-90 parts of deionized water, is heated to 70-90 DEG C,
It is stirred continuously under nitrogen protection and carries out gelatinization 0.5-1.0h, it is cooling；Initiator potassium persulfate is added later, makes initiator concentration
It is 4.25 × 104-6.80×104mol/L；Then the monomeric acrylamide for adding 3-10 parts, at 45-65 DEG C, the reaction time
Be 1-6 hours, after reaction, with absolute ethyl alcohol washed product, and product at reduced pressure dried to constant weight to obtain the final product；
（2）Fresh dandelion is cleaned up into air drying and stoving, is crushed, is added in water in 80 DEG C~100 DEG C hot baths
Hot dipping proposes postcooling filtering in 2~8 hours, and filter vacuum is then drying to obtain extract；Purslane, Artemisia stelleriana, bitter dish, ash ash
The extraction step that dish, Asiatic plantain, drawing are uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested is identical as dandelion；
（3）It will be above-mentioned（1）With（2）In step then gained raw material is packed by being stirred after ball milling, drying.
6. the preparation method of flocculant as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that including the following steps：
（1）Prepare carboxymethyl starch graft acrylamide copolymer
It counts in parts by weight, 2 parts of carboxymethyl starch is added in 70 parts of deionized water, 85 DEG C is heated to, in nitrogen protection
Under be stirred continuously and carry out gelatinization 1h, it is cooling；Initiator potassium persulfate is added later, initiator concentration is 5.5 × 104mol/L；So
The monomeric acrylamide for adding 9 parts afterwards, at 50 DEG C, the reaction time is 4 hours, after reaction, is washed with absolute ethyl alcohol
Product, and product at reduced pressure is dried to constant weight to obtain the final product；
（2）Fresh dandelion is cleaned up into air drying and stoving, is crushed, adds in water that hot dipping carries 4 in 90 DEG C of hot baths
Hour postcooling filtering, is then drying to obtain extract by filter vacuum；Purslane, Artemisia stelleriana, bitter dish, chenopodium album linn, Asiatic plantain, drawing
The extraction step uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested is identical as dandelion；
（3）It will be above-mentioned（1）With（2）In step then gained raw material is packed by being stirred after ball milling, drying.
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