CN108393615A - Low-loss aluminium welding wire cold-extruded technique - Google Patents
Low-loss aluminium welding wire cold-extruded technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN108393615A CN108393615A CN201810105658.7A CN201810105658A CN108393615A CN 108393615 A CN108393615 A CN 108393615A CN 201810105658 A CN201810105658 A CN 201810105658A CN 108393615 A CN108393615 A CN 108393615A
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- aluminium
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of low-loss aluminium welding wire cold-extruded technique, and blank aluminium bar is put into heating furnace and heats, squeeze the aluminium wire for being 6 8mm；Aluminium wire is annealed, 3 5mm of diameter is pulled to by 25 wire drawings of wire drawing machine；Cleaning, cleaning solution is that mass concentration is 40 60kg hydrofluoric acid/1000kg water, takes out after impregnating 20 120S, is dried after then being rinsed with clear water；It anneals again：Its step is identical as first step annealing as condition；Wire drawing is to 2 2.5mm of diameter again；The aluminium wire of 2 2.5mm of diameter is aoxidized, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and nitric acid are put into oxidation trough in proportion, stirs evenly and is heated to after temperature reaches 90 DEG C or more, aluminium wire is put into oxidation trough, the time is in 30 120S；Pull out, clean, be then placed again into another acid tank, the time is 30 120, after pull out again, clean, dried on dryer.Technique of reeling off raw silk from cocoons is cold worked using first hot extrusion again, is significantly increased compared with similar product density, loss can be reduced in product use, welding of the same area can significantly reduce cost compared with the loss that similar product can reduce 10%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing methods of aluminium welding wire, more particularly to a kind of low-loss aluminium welding wire cold-extruded technique.
Background technology
Aluminium welding wire is also known as aluminium flux-cored wire, gains the name due to such welding wire can weld aluminium and aluminium.It is different
It is welded with argon arc welding machine in common aluminium welding wire, needs to coordinate brazing flux that could weld also different from Al-Si wire 4047, and only needed
It directly can be with Welding (because of included brazing flux, need not separately add brazing flux) by flame or induction.This welding wire welds out
The tension shearing strength (connector fastness is not less than base material) of the workpiece come, electric conductivity, corrosion resistance are all preferable, Er Qiezhi
Amount is stablized.Compared with using argon arc welding machine aluminium welding wire to weld, with aluminium welding wire operation is simple, welding equipment is simple, welding
The structure of base material will not be made to change.
In metal material soldering, the soldering of aluminium is poor, and main cause has following several respects.Aluminium and oxygen it is affine
Property it is larger, under room temperature, aluminium in air can form A1 with oxygen quickly：O films (A1-0 films), in the soldering temperature of 750-880 K
Under degree, oxide thickness can reach 100nm or more.A1-0 films are fine and close, stablize, and fusing point is very high (2 320K).Due to
A1：0 film is difficult removal, and wetting of the solder to base material is greatly hindered when soldering, under normal circumstances, is needed extremely strong by activity
Brazing flux could be brazed.It is generally believed that the soldering of the low rustproof aluminum alloy, the low wrought aluminium of Cu contents of technical pure A1, Mg content
Preferably；The soldering of duralumin, superduralumin and cast aluminium is poor.In the application of replacing copper with aluminium, the connection of copper aluminium is very key, close several
Year, the welding technique of copper aluminium derived from the production in electric apparatus device and heat exchanger device, although friction welding (FW) or explosion
Weldering is also feasible technical solution, but the application range being brazed is more extensive.
Easily cause it is well known that the knotty problem in copper aluminium soldering is that copper aluminium electrode potential difference is big and solder temperature is excessively high
The corrode of aluminium.Copper is with aluminium due to the liquidus curve for commonly using solder and, all aluminium alloys pair fairly close by the solidus of weldering aluminium alloy
The requirement of brazing temperature is all very harsh, if control is not tight, can cause corrode, burning, even results in base material fusing.To heat treatment
Reinforced aluminium alloy must also take into account the technological specification of timeliness and annealing.In addition, aluminium alloy changes without color and luster during heating,
It is difficult to judge temperature, it is desirable that operator must have very high technical merit and skilled operation skill.Just because of aluminium and aluminium
Relatively difficult reason, project research low-loss aluminium welding wire cold-extruded technique, to make aluminium welding wire very great Cheng with the soldering of copper and aluminium
Aluminium soldering difficult problem is solved on degree.
Invention content
The present invention is directed to the drawbacks described above of the prior art, provides a kind of reductions loss, without aoxidize, significantly saved at
Originally nor the environmental pollution brought by aoxidizing is had, weld blowhole tendency is small, and high-quality low-loss aluminium welding wire is tied in weldering
Cold-extruded technique.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of low-loss aluminium welding wire cold-extruded technique,
Preparation process includes：
(1) the molding blank aluminium bar of melting is subjected to hot extrusion, specially：Blank aluminium bar is put into heating furnace and is heated
3-8 hours, furnace temp was 400-450 DEG C；Aluminium bar is put into extruder later, by terminal mould before extruder, is formed
The aluminium wire of a diameter of 6-8mm；
(2) first step annealing：Aluminium wire is fitted into anneal slot, is put into stove after filling, annealing furnace switch is opened, makes stove medium temperature
Degree is maintained at 380-450 DEG C, after 2-6 hour, and anneal slot is pulled out, and makes its natural cooling in placement air；
(3) preliminary wire drawing：The aluminium wire of first step annealing is pulled to diameter 3-5mm by 2-5 wire drawing of wire drawing machine；
(4) it cleans：Aluminium wire after preliminary wire drawing is cleaned, cleaning solution be mass concentration be 40-60kg hydrofluoric acid/
1000kg water takes out after impregnating 20-120S, is dried after then being rinsed with clear water；
(5) it anneals again：Its step is identical as first step annealing as condition；
(6) wire drawing again：The aluminium wire of diameter 3-5mm is pulled to diameter 2-2.5mm by 2-5 wire drawing after annealing again；
(7) it polishes：The aluminium wire of diameter 2-2.5mm is aoxidized, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and nitric acid are put into oxidation trough in proportion
It is interior, it stirs evenly and is heated to after temperature reaches 90 DEG C or more, aluminium wire is put into oxidation trough, the time is in 30-120S；It pulls out, clearly
Wash, be then placed again into another acid tank, time 30-120, after pull out again, clean, dried on dryer.
The above-mentioned preparation process of the present invention further includes：(8) disk on wrapping wire：Aluminium wire after drying is sent to wrapping wire workshop, it will
Aluminium wire is placed in filament winder, and one ends wound is fixed on wire reel, starts machine, and aluminium wire can be successively wrapped on wire wrapping disk, directly
Extremely wire wrapping disk is wrapped over；(9) it detects：Aluminium wire sample is sent to physics and chemistry room and is examined, the chemical composition of main test aluminium wire.
Preferably, step (1) melting molding of the present invention, specially：Fine aluminium ingot is put into smelting furnace, aluminium ingot is heated,
Temperature is maintained into the 600-800 DEG C of right side, it is aluminum water that aluminium ingot, which is all melted, places into formula materials, the formula materials with
The proportioning of aluminium is：Silicon 0.001-3%, zinc 0.001-10%, surplus are aluminium；Then stirring 15-40min pours into aluminium bar.
The heating time of heating furnace is 1.5-5.5 hours in step (1) of the present invention, forms the aluminium wire of a diameter of 6-7.5mm.
Temperature is maintained at 400-450 DEG C, 3.5-4 hours in annealing furnace in step (2) of the present invention.
Preliminary wire drawing is specially in step (3) of the present invention：First the mold of model needed for wire drawing is mounted on wire drawing machine, it will
Aluminium wire is placed in filament winder, and by one end of aluminium wire by being fixed on wire drawing machine after mold, wire drawing oil is inserted at mold slots,
Start whether machine machine that stops after two circle of aluminium wire winding is met the requirements with vernier caliper measurement aluminium wire diameter, does not meet then more
Mold exchange, is again turned on machine until aluminium wire all pulls after meeting, again repeatedly appeal process until meet aluminium wire diameter
Demand.
Cleaning in step (4) of the present invention：It is taken out after impregnating 50-70S in 40-55kg hydrofluoric acid/1000kg water.
The parts by weight of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and nitric acid in step (7) of the present invention are：Sulfuric acid 1-5 parts by weight, phosphoric acid 80-95
Parts by weight, nitric acid 1-5 parts by weight.
The acid in another acid tank in step (7) of the present invention is the mixed liquor of phosphoric acid and nitric acid, and wherein phosphoric acid is 85-95
Parts by weight, nitric acid 5-15 parts by weight.
The advantages of the present invention：
(1) aluminium welding wire of the invention, is cold worked technique of reeling off raw silk from cocoons using first hot extrusion, obviously increases compared with similar product density again
Greatly, to reduce loss in product use, welding of the same area can compared with the loss that similar product can reduce 10%
Significantly reduce cost.
(2) aluminium welding wire of the invention, using novel polishing technology and specific aluminium bar formula and treatment process, without aerobic
Change can make its lustrous surface beautiful, not only significantly save cost, nor it is dirty to have the environment brought by aoxidizing
Dye.
(3) aluminium welding wire of the invention, easy to use, the holding time is long.Direct drawing forming will be welded using cold-extruded technique
Aluminium welding wire, by with H3PO4Based on solution in carry out chemical polishing or electrochemical polish and passivation, so that it is obtained light essence
Even curface, and one layer of very thin and very fine and close oxidation film is formed in appearance, hydrophily is poor, adsorption moisture and hydration
Ability is very weak, and welding wire is not easy to make moist in a short time and oxidation film is made constantly to thicken, so effective holding time, corrosion resistance is strong,
Do not make any processing before weldering just to can be used directly.
(4) aluminium welding wire of the invention, welding wire surface is smooth, and welding wire is during welding wire feed, wire feed smoothly resistance
Small, and the electrical contact of welding wire and ignition tip is good, loss is low, and therefore, welding arc stablility splashes small, solder joint in the welding process
Surface-brightening, forming are beautiful.
(5) aluminium welding wire of the invention, weld blowhole tendency is small, and weldering knot is high-quality.Since the surface of long-acting welding wire forms
One layer of uniform noncrystalline membrane, goes out that hydrogen amount is low, therefore small to the tendentiousness of weld blowhole, is suitable for manual welding, it is automatic and half from
Dynamic TIG welderings.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in further detail below by specific embodiment, when the present invention is not limited solely to following implementation
Example.
Embodiment
1, melting is molded：Fine aluminium ingot is put into smelting furnace, aluminium ingot is heated, temperature is maintained 700 DEG C or so, by aluminium ingot
It is aluminum water all to melt, and places into formula materials, and the proportioning of formula materials and aluminium is：Silicon 1%, zinc 2%, surplus are aluminium (weight
Percentage)；After stirring half an hour, floating impurity is removed, is sampled by sampler, sent after cooling to laboratory and chemically examined, after qualified
Open valve, which is flowed through by aluminum water in molding die to cooling water, to be cured, and the cylindrical aluminium bar of 6.5m*85mm is shaped to, and band is cooling
It is hung to sawed-off place with loop wheel machine afterwards, cuts into the cylindrical blank aluminium bar of every section of 37cm, cutting is placed for use.
2, hot extrusion：Blank aluminium bar is put into heating furnace and is heated 5 hours, furnace temp is 430 DEG C -450 DEG C, later
Aluminium bar is put into extruder, by terminal mould before extruder, forms the aluminium wire of a diameter of 6.5mm, aluminium wire passes through cooling bath extremely
The automatic winding molding machine that company voluntarily develops cuts short that unload aluminium wire for use when aluminium wire reaches 60 kilograms or more.
3, first step annealing：6.5mm aluminium wires are fitted into anneal slot, are put into stove after filling, annealing furnace switch is opened, makes stove
Middle temperature is maintained at 435 DEG C, and after 4 hours, anneal slot is pulled out, and place makes its natural cooling on one side.
4, preliminary wire drawing：Preliminary wire drawing is that the aluminium wire of 6.5mm is pulled to 4.0mm by wire drawing three times, first will be needed for wire drawing
The mold of model is mounted on wire drawing machine, the aluminium wire after weighing is placed in passive filament winder (filament winder), by aluminium wire
Wire drawing oil is inserted in one end by being fixed on wire drawing machine after mold at mold slots, starts machine and stops after two circle of aluminium wire winding
Whether lower machine is met the requirements with vernier caliper measurement aluminium wire diameter, does not meet then more mold exchange, and machine is again turned on after meeting
Device is until aluminium wire all pulls, after repeatedly appeal process is until meet the requirements of the customers again, aside by aluminium wire placement.
5, it cleans：1 ton of water is injected in slot whitening, and 50 kilograms of hydrofluoric acid are added and stir evenly, and diameter is by 4.0mm aluminium
Silk is put into whiten one minute or so in slot and pull out, and so that its surface-brightening is not had the attachment of wire drawing oil, places into clear water reserviors after cleaning
It places and dries on one side.
6, it anneals again：Its step is identical as first step annealing as condition；
7, wire drawing again：Wire drawing is that the aluminium wire of 4.0mm is pulled to 2.4mm by wire drawing three times again, process with it is preliminary
Drawing process is identical.
8, it polishes：2.4mm aluminium wires are transported to oxidation workshop, by sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and nitric acid (2 parts by weight of sulfuric acid, phosphorus in proportion
Sour 95 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight of nitric acid) it is put into oxidation trough, after stirring evenly, after temperature reaches 90 DEG C or more, aluminium wire is put
Enter in oxidation trough, the time was at 1 minute or so.After pull out to be put into clear water and clean, be placed again into another acid tank (phosphoric acid 95
Parts by weight, 5 parts by weight of nitric acid), the time is 1 minute, after pull out to be put into clear water again and clean, be finally placed on dryer and dry
It is dry.This step can make aluminium wire lustrous surface beautiful.If to realize that this purpose has to pass through oxidation compared to similar product
Technique is not only saved the time, also reduces cost, and effect on environment is also smaller.
9, disk on wrapping wire：Aluminium wire after drying is sent to wrapping wire workshop, aluminium wire is placed in passive filament winder, one end passes through
The water tank independently studied, is wrapped on wire reel fixed, starts machine, and aluminium wire can be successively wrapped on wire wrapping disk, until will be around
Wire tray is wrapped over, and is placed on one side after cutting short.
10, it detects：Aluminium wire sample is sent to physics and chemistry room and is examined, the chemical composition of main test aluminium wire.It is taken out by quality inspection portion
Examine the physical property (degree of drawing, hardness) of this batch aluminium wire, size and surface.All after qualification, warehouse entry is transferred to.
Welding wire manufactured in the present embodiment passes through the control of specific processing step and working process parameter, such as wire drawer
Skill, annealing process and polishing process etc., its key technical indexes of the final products of acquisition：(1) 0.8~1.2mm of size；
(2) disk size：100mm*20*45mm；(3) cold extruding formation process, cost is used to be dropped than common aluminium welding wire processing technology cost
Low 10% or more；(4) physical property (degree of drawing, hardness), size and surface reach the requirement of AWS standards.In addition, the present invention
Product surface is bright and clean, there is protective film.
Similar product in order to keep its lustrous surface beautiful, is generally required by oxidation processes, and the present invention then adopts here
It is realized, is polished with polishing step：By sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and nitric acid are put into oxidation trough in proportion, are stirred evenly, and temperature is reached 90
DEG C or more；Then (phosphoric acid is 95 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight of nitric acid) is placed again into another acid tank, and the time is 1 minute；This step
The rapid polishing treatment by acid solution twice can make aluminium wire lustrous surface beautiful, if to realize this mesh compared to similar product
Have to pass through oxidation technology, not only save the time, also reduce cost, and effect on environment is also less；But also can have
The removal surface attachments or impurity of effect ensure that the finish on surface and improve service efficiency.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of low-loss aluminium welding wire cold-extruded technique, it is characterised in that：Preparation process includes：
(1) the molding blank aluminium bar of melting is subjected to hot extrusion, specially：It is small that blank aluminium bar is put into heating 3-8 in heating furnace
When, furnace temp is 400-450 DEG C；Aluminium bar is put into extruder later, by terminal mould before extruder, is formed a diameter of
The aluminium wire of 6-8mm；
(2) first step annealing：Aluminium wire is fitted into anneal slot, is put into stove after filling, annealing furnace switch is opened, temperature in stove is made to protect
It holds after 380-450 DEG C, 2-6 hour, anneal slot is pulled out, placing in air makes its natural cooling；
(3) preliminary wire drawing：The aluminium wire of first step annealing is pulled to diameter 3-5mm by 2-5 wire drawing of wire drawing machine；
(4) it cleans：Aluminium wire after preliminary wire drawing is cleaned, and cleaning solution is that mass concentration is 40-60kg hydrofluoric acid/1000kg
Water takes out after impregnating 20-120S, is dried after then being rinsed with clear water；
(5) it anneals again：Its step is identical as first step annealing as condition；
(6) wire drawing again：The aluminium wire of diameter 3-5mm is pulled to diameter 2-2.5mm by 2-5 wire drawing after annealing again；
(7) it polishes：The aluminium wire of diameter 2-2.5mm is aoxidized, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and nitric acid are put into oxidation trough in proportion,
It stirs evenly and is heated to after temperature reaches 90 DEG C or more, aluminium wire is put into oxidation trough, the time is in 30-120S；It pulls out, clean,
Then be placed again into another acid tank, time 30-120, after pull out again, clean, dried on dryer.
2. low-loss aluminium welding wire cold-extruded technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Preparation process further includes：(8) around
Disk on silk：Aluminium wire after drying is sent to wrapping wire workshop, aluminium wire is placed in passive filament winder, one ends wound is solid on wire reel
It is fixed, start machine, aluminium wire can be successively wrapped on wire wrapping disk, until wire wrapping disk is wrapped over；(9) it detects：By aluminium wire sample send to
Physics and chemistry room is examined, the chemical composition of main test aluminium wire.
3. low-loss aluminium welding wire cold-extruded technique according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Step (1) melting is molded, specifically
For：Fine aluminium ingot is put into smelting furnace, aluminium ingot is heated, temperature is maintained 600-800 DEG C so that it is aluminum water that aluminium ingot, which all melts,；
It is put into formula materials, the proportioning of the formula materials and aluminium is：Silicon 0.001-3%, zinc 0.001-10%, surplus are aluminium；It stirs
It mixes 15-40min and pours into blank aluminium bar.
4. low-loss aluminium welding wire cold-extruded technique according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Heating furnace adds in step (1)
The hot time is 1.5-5.5 hours, forms the aluminium wire of a diameter of 6-7.5mm.
5. low-loss aluminium welding wire cold-extruded technique according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Annealing furnace medium temperature in step (2)
Degree is maintained at 430-450 DEG C, 3.5-4 hours.
6. low-loss aluminium welding wire cold-extruded technique according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Preliminary wire drawing tool in step (3)
Body is：First the mold of model needed for wire drawing is mounted on wire drawing machine, aluminium wire is placed in passive filament winder, by the one of aluminium wire
Wire drawing oil is inserted in end by being fixed on wire drawing machine after mold at mold slots, starts machine and stops after two circle of aluminium wire winding
Whether machine is met the requirements with vernier caliper measurement aluminium wire diameter, does not meet then more mold exchange, and machine is again turned on after meeting
Until aluminium wire all pulls, again repeatedly appeal process until meeting aluminium wire diameter demand.
7. low-loss aluminium welding wire cold-extruded technique according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Cleaning in step (4)：40-
It is taken out after impregnating 50-70S in 55kg hydrofluoric acid/1000kg water.
8. low-loss aluminium welding wire cold-extruded technique according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid in step (7)
Parts by weight with nitric acid are：Sulfuric acid 1-5 parts by weight, phosphoric acid 80-95 parts by weight, nitric acid 1-5 parts by weight.
9. low-loss aluminium welding wire cold-extruded technique according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Another kind acid in step (7)
Acid in slot is the mixed liquor of phosphoric acid and nitric acid, and wherein phosphoric acid is 85-95 parts by weight, nitric acid 5-15 parts by weight.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810105658.7A CN108393615A (en) | 2018-02-02 | 2018-02-02 | Low-loss aluminium welding wire cold-extruded technique |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810105658.7A CN108393615A (en) | 2018-02-02 | 2018-02-02 | Low-loss aluminium welding wire cold-extruded technique |
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| CN101722381A (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2010-06-09 | 浙江东轻高新焊丝有限公司 | Aluminum alloy solder wire for rapid trains and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN103143858A (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2013-06-12 | 宁波市雪银铝业有限公司 | Aluminum welding wire manufacturing method |
| CN103143588A (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2013-06-12 | 宁波市雪银铝业有限公司 | High-strength aluminium wire producing method |
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2018
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| CN101722381A (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2010-06-09 | 浙江东轻高新焊丝有限公司 | Aluminum alloy solder wire for rapid trains and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN101823190A (en) * | 2010-05-21 | 2010-09-08 | 桂林市银箭焊接材料有限公司 | Aluminium-silicon alloy welding wire and preparation method thereof |
| CN102717205A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-10-10 | 东北大学 | Aluminium-alloy welding wire and preparation method thereof |
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