CN103921071B - Anaerobic copper bar production technology - Google Patents
Anaerobic copper bar production technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN103921071B CN103921071B CN201410152957.8A CN201410152957A CN103921071B CN 103921071 B CN103921071 B CN 103921071B CN 201410152957 A CN201410152957 A CN 201410152957A CN 103921071 B CN103921071 B CN 103921071B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of anaerobic copper bar production technology, comprise production of copper alloy step, be processed into required copper bar section bar step, and be finally processed into copper bar finished product step; In production of copper alloy step, described industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace (1) and line-frequency induction holding furnace (2) are the combination stove of unification, there is partition (5) centre of industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace (1) and line-frequency induction holding furnace (2), and the height cutting off (5) aspect ratio combination stove is low; When copper after mixing in industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace (1) and additive fused solution height exceed partition (5), flow into line-frequency induction holding furnace, then draw bar by crystallizer (4), production of copper alloy.Each crystallizer (4) draws bar (11) by a pulse driven by servomotor, keeps drawing the independent, continuous of bar.The anaerobic acid bronze alloy that the present invention produces and anaerobic copper bar high strength, high conductivity, good springiness, surface quality is good, and the utilization rate of material is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production technology of anaerobic copper bar, particularly relate to for motor, the production technology of the anaerobic copper bar that electrical equipment and controller switching equipment use.
Background technology
Copper has good conduction, heat conduction, anti-corrosion and the premium properties such as can to weld, and being a kind of widely used metal material, is one of main selection of conductive material.China's metallurgy of copper industry and Copper fabrication industry electric wire, cable conduction material mainly adopts industrial pure copper (red copper) T
1, T
2, they all contain more impurity (seeing the following form).
Impurely in copper all conductance can be affected.Oxygen (200ppm) in copper, sulphur, forms crisp phasic property oxide Cu with copper
2o, Cu
2s, not only reduces the conductance of copper, and copper is become fragile, and causes its " cold short ", reduces weldability and the corrosion stability of copper, is again the root of copper " hydrogen is sick ".And the Bi in copper, Pb are low melting points, and be insoluble to copper, easily cause hot-short.These impurity make lattice distort in copper simultaneously, produce strong scattering, cause conductance to decline to conduction electron.External conductive material extensive use oxygen-free copper thus.The conductance of oxygen-free copper can reach 102%IACS (red copper is only 97 ~ 98%IACS), and plasticity is high, and contraction percentage of area ψ ≈ 90% (red copper is only 73%), has excellent cold-forming property.
Though but oxygen-free copper conductance is very high, intensity is not high, not wear-resisting, softening temperature too low (230 DEG C), will research and develop anaerobic acid bronze alloy for this reason, and to obtain high strength, the conductive material of high connductivity, meets the demand of domestic market.
Copper bar is copper strap wire, the general name of copper busbar etc., and it is mainly used in motor, on electrical equipment and controller switching equipment.As mentioned above, the copper bar of China is also based on industrial clean steel, is then abroad oxygen-free copper.Motor, the performance of electrical equipment and manufacture can be affected like this.The particularly development of power industry in modern age and electric equipment, is badly in need of providing intensity, hardness, wearability high, the copper bar of heat resistance and the good high conductivity of thermal conductivity.China's motor, electrical apparatus industry are badly in need of arranging for black copper with oxygen-free copper displacement, make the updating and upgrading of a product.As the equipment of the ZD111S pulsating current traction motor of SST type mains electricity locomotive, winding material just selects oxygen-free copper far away.Mainly rely on import at present.Product of the present invention, can substitute import.
Though more domestic enterprises have introduced " up-drawing method " continuous casting oxygen-free copper rod production technology of Shanghai Electrical Cable Research Institute.Due to the design feature of this equipment, not fusing, crystallization under protective atmosphere or vacuum condition, cannot oxidation be completely cut off.Though completely cut off air and deoxidation with charcoal, but product can only reach the oxygen content (≤20ppm) of No. two oxygen-free coppers of GB3952.2-89 (anaerobic round copper rod), certain gap is had with an oxygen-free copper oxygen content≤10ppm, larger with external oxygen-free copper content≤3ppm gap.External led-up continuous casting machine, has protective gas to protect at chute, and the cooling duct of crystallizer vacuumizes with anti-oxidation.For this reason, how purifying copper liquid to be studied under existing equipment condition, reduces oxidation, to improving the quality of products, reaching the oxygen content standard of a GB3952.2-89 oxygen-free copper, meeting domestic military project, electron tube, meet domestic market demand significant.
Traditional copper alloy production and copper bar production equipment existing problems.When preparing copper metal or acid bronze alloy in the past, the industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace of use and line-frequency induction holding furnace are independently two kinds of stoves, 2, general melting furnace, holding furnace 1, setting triangular in shape.After the complete melting of copper liquid in melting furnace, melting furnace rotation is risen, and pours holding furnace into.Thisly topple over technique and there will be 3 problems: the impurity bottom copper (and additive) fused solution 1) in melting furnace and residue, seethe, the quality of impact condensation alloy; 2) furnace temperature change in toppling process, affects crystallization condition, affects the steady quality of copper metal or alloy; 3) liquid level floats, and affects crystallization.
Prepare the equipment of copper bar product, traditional is chain drawing car, and labour intensity is large, and energy consumption is high, and environmental pollution is serious.Section bar after drawing is yielding, easily abrades, and sweat stain greasy dirt is difficult to process.Therefore novel copper alloy and copper bar production technology and equipment is needed, to meet the needs of modern industry.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the above problems, the invention provides and a kind ofly produce high strength, the anaerobic acid bronze alloy of high conductivity and the production technology of anaerobic copper bar and equipment, to the copper alloy section bar final molding after extruding and scale.Make copper bar be improved case hardness, improve elastic limit and conductance, add the utilization rate of material, significantly improve the surface quality of copper bar.
A kind of anaerobic copper bar production technology, comprises production of copper alloy step, is processed into required copper bar section bar step, and is finally processed into copper bar finished product step;
Wherein production of copper alloy comprises the following steps:
1) brickwork;
2) cleaning, shear electrolysis copper; Cathode copper after cleaning, shearing is put into industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace;
3) industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace and line-frequency induction holding furnace is heated, to cathode copper fusing, transition, insulation;
4) in line-frequency induction holding furnace, bar is drawn, continuous production with six roots of sensation crystallizer 4; Crystallizer 4 is equipped with cooling device, and crystallizer 4 is equipped with cooling device, has water inlet pipe 18 and outlet pipe 19.Crystallizer 4 head is equipped with graphite jig 15, and mold cavity shape is the shape of drawing copper bar; Sheath 16 is had outside crystallizer 4; Crystallizer inner bag 13 is cavity; Draw during production bar insert cavity, under under liquid level, drawn by the traction wheel 12 of motor and move, draw bar produce;
5) around bar;
6) sample, detect, analyze, calculate;
Wherein be processed into required copper bar section bar to comprise the following steps:
1) pallet unwrapping wire;
2) the comparatively straight or feeding of material is cut off;
3) main frame is continuously extruded, and section bar is out squeezed through mould;
4) product out through protection tube cooling with anti-oxidation;
5) metering;
6) one-tenth dish take-up;
7) check;
8) pack; Turn sequence or warehouse-in;
Wherein be processed into copper bar finished product, namely copper bar production line comprises the following steps:
1) rafting frame;
2) side and plane smoothing alignment;
3) main frame drawing;
4) scale;
5) finished product cuts off;
6) pack, warehouse-in;
In production of copper alloy step, described industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace 1 and line-frequency induction holding furnace 2 are the combination stove of unification, and there is partition 5 centre of industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace 1 and line-frequency induction holding furnace 3, cut off height 5 lower than the height of combination stove; When copper after mixing in industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace 1 and additive fused solution height exceed partition 5, flow into line-frequency induction holding furnace 2, then draw bar by crystallizer 4, production of copper alloy.
Remove from the past with 3 stoves, rotation toppling process, make crystallization continuous, alloy crystalline phase steady quality.
Industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace 1 and the respective heating of line-frequency induction holding furnace 2, fusing, attemperator, comprise primary winding 8, water jacket 7 and secondary coil 6; Primary winding 8, namely heating induction coil is in water jacket 7, secondary coil, namely melts the channel 6 of cathode copper outside water jacket; Cored in primary winding 8, iron core and water jacket, primary winding 8 are concentric; Can slightly high 3-5mm.Induction coil 8 two ends are straight, are embedded with this insulating bar of lamination glue between iron core and induction coil 8.
Pad mica spacer and the insulation of this insulating bar of lamination glue between iron core and body of heater, and be fixed with pressing plate;
According to the difference of additive, the temperature of different industrial-frequency induction smelting furnaces and line-frequency induction holding furnace is set; After furnace temperature exceedes the fusing point 1083 DEG C of copper, copper starts melting, if additive fusing point is lower than the fusing point of copper, adds additive when copper meltwater temperature is 1150-1275 DEG C; Additive fusing point lower than the boiling point 2563 DEG C of copper, if additive fusing point is higher than the fusing point of copper, when copper meltwater temperature is than additive fusing point height 20-100 DEG C, should add additive.
Each crystallizer 4, by a pulse driven by servomotor, keeps drawing the independent, continuous of bar.
Six crystallizers are before driven by a motor, and be interval on draw, as 6 seconds drew, therefore alloy spaced on draw vestige.
Copper melt face covers one deck 1-1.5m ash wood, starvation.
When adding additive, by blue or green mock wooden stick mechanical agitation, or using electromagnetic wand electromagnetic agitation, copper and additive fused solution are mixed.
During preparation, the copper melt face in fusing, holding furnace covers one deck 1-1.5m ash wood.Preparation anaerobic acid bronze alloy, the most basic requirement ensures alloy anaerobic, and copper meltwater face covers one deck ash wood, and one can completely cut off oxygen in air, two can with oxygen generation reduction reaction, remove oxygen.Stir with blue or green mock, equally also have the charcoal composition reduction oxygen of wood, remove the effect of oxygen.Therefore ratio electromagnetic wand electromagnetic agitation better effects if is stirred with blue or green mock in practice.
The lid 3 of industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace for being merged, discerptible two panels, control folding by mechanical traction, reinforced and capping.
When need feed in raw material, the lid 3 of industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace is opened by mechanical traction, adds cathode copper or additive; Then lid 3 is merged and covers, as far as possible isolated air.
And the lid of line-frequency induction holding furnace 2 generally all covers, therefrom stretch out 6 crystallizers 4 and draw bar production.
Be processed into required copper bar section bar step, before host work, the extrusion chamber cavity of main frame and ready short section of copper bar will be placed in electric furnace and be heated to 500 DEG C, and are incubated 30 minutes; After short section of copper bar enters extrusion chamber 35, extrude through mould 36, mould 36 is required copper bar shape; The squeeze pressure of copper material when mould 36 is about 1000MPa, and due to the effect of frictional force, temperature can raise, temperatures as high 500 DEG C-550 DEG C during work; Extrusion chamber 35 keeps this temperature continuous extrusion production afterwards, need not on-line heating again.Use thermocouple displays temperature.
Be processed into copper bar product step, straightener carries out the copper bar traction after pointing the basic smoothing alignment of side and plane to straightener, then copper bar is sent into the drawing die cavity of drawing main frame 53; Straightener is equipped with automatic feed mechanism, and every rosette copper row only need work once when initial rafting, then must throw-out-of clutch, and during drawing, aligning mechanism is passive.
Copper bar through lubricating oil Cooling and Lubricator, then to be drawn by draw vice, has given shape, dimensional accuracy after alignment smoothing, and drawing in the main frame mold cavity of surface roughness, and once drawing, copper bar is just provided with given cross sectional shape and surface quality.
The anaerobic acid bronze alloy that the present invention produces and anaerobic copper bar high strength, high conductivity, good springiness, surface quality is good, and the utilization rate of material is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of oxygenless copper alloy production equipment;
1. industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace; 2. line-frequency induction holding furnace; 3. lid; 4. crystallizer; 5. cut off; 6. secondary coil (channel); 7. water jacket; 8. primary winding (heating induction coil); 9. charcoal grieshoch.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the lid of industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace when being merged;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the lid of industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace when opening;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of crystallizer;
11. draw bar; The traction wheel of 12. motors; 13. crystallizer inner bags (red copper); 14. crystallizer shells (brass); 15. graphite jigs; 16. sheaths; The sealers such as 17. graphite packings and asbestos cord, fire clay, graphite powder; 18. water inlet pipes; 19. outlet pipes; 20. leaders.
Fig. 5 is copper bar product production line schematic diagram;
31. bronze medal bars; The comparatively straight and feeding clipping apparatus of 32. materials; 33. compact wheels; 34. squeegee roller grooves; 35. extrusion chambers; 36. moulds; 37. protection tubes; 38. product coolings and oxidation (tank); 39. water inlet pipes; 40. outlet pipes; 41. take-up reels; 42. copper bar section bars.
Fig. 6 is copper bar finished product production line schematic diagram;
51. copper bars; 52. Cooling and Lubricator devices; 53. drawing main frames; 54. transfers dolly (usual position); 55. transfer dollies are to drawing center (be shifted when accepting copper bar, then return); 56. rollgangs; 57. saw cutting devices; 58. scales are spacing.
Detailed description of the invention
Detailed description of the invention below in conjunction with embodiment is described in further detail foregoing of the present invention again.But this should be interpreted as that the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention is only limitted to following examples.Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, the various replacement made according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means or change, all should be included in protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
A kind of anaerobic copper bar production technology, comprises production of copper alloy step, is processed into required copper bar section bar step, and is finally processed into copper bar product step;
One, the oxygenless copper alloy technological process of production
Copper alloy process units is mainly industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace 1 and line-frequency induction holding furnace 2, take-up frame; Industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace and line-frequency induction holding furnace respectively have oneself heating, fusing, attemperator; Industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace has lid 3, has agitator; Have six roots of sensation crystallizer 4 in line-frequency induction holding furnace, crystallizer is equipped with cooling device, and crystalliser head is equipped with graphite jig 15, and mold cavity shape is the shape of drawing copper bar; Carborundum sheath 16 is had outside crystallizer; Crystallizer inner bag 13 is cavity; Draw bar 11 during production and insert cavity, under under liquid level, drawn by the traction wheel 12 of motor and move, draw bar produce; Cathode copper after cleaning, shearing is placed into industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace 1, adds additive, mix rear inflow line-frequency induction holding furnace 2, in line-frequency induction holding furnace, draw bar, continuous production with crystallizer 4 with agitator after heat fused; Then lopping in take-up frame is loaded;
Cathode copper is GB 1
#, physical and chemical index meets national regulations, any surface finish, non-oxidation and other metals and impurity.
The refractory brick used is bauxite clay or high-alumina refractory brick, and refractoriness is at the high-quality brick of 1600-1700 DEG C.At high temperature do not peel off, etch and breaking, the coefficient of expansion is little, does not fall slag.
The insulating materials resistance of pad furnace shell and body of heater must not be less than 0.5 megaohm.
The quartz sand of brickwork will dry 6-8 hour at 200-250 DEG C, repeatedly sucks iron filings with magnet for subsequent use.
Secondary coil (channel) requires surfacing, smooth without hole, and it is sliding that burning into sand, seamed edge should repair garden by pincers worker, R angle should>=5mm, conductive cross-sectional area should at 2200-2600mm
2between.Add length and width at upper transverse plane equal, the hardwood of thick 45-60mm is riveted tightly, so that secondary coil 6 is fixed-type.When stove is produced, hardwood burns till carbon ash, and secondary coil 6 is fused into channel, the fusing of cathode copper contact channel.
The water route of coil, water jacket all should be unblocked, and insulation is good, must at 3-5kg/m before installation
2test 30 minutes under hydraulic pressure, hunt leak qualified.
Burner hearth, furnace bottom, wall lining pad one deck aluminosilicate fiberboard, furnace bottom be 8-10mm, all the other positions 20mm, gap porose and large on a small quantity.
By the structure brickwork of Fig. 1, finally install induction coil and iron core, induction coil 8 is placed in water jacket 7, and two ends are straight, then by dolly with lead position iron core is slowly pushed in induction coil 8.Adjustment core center position, iron core and water jacket, induction coil 8 are concentric.Can slightly high 3-5mm.Embedding 4 these insulating bars of lamination glue between iron core and induction coil 8;
Pad mica spacer and the insulation of this insulating bar of lamination glue between iron core and body of heater, and be fixed with pressing plate; Connect power coil and water jacket Inlet and outlet water.
Bar can be drawn to produce after blow-on test.Connect crystallizer water inlet pipe 18 and outlet pipe 19, install the carborundum sheath 16 of crystallizer, crystalliser head loads onto graphite jig 15, seal with sealers 17 such as graphite packing and asbestos cord, fire clay, graphite powders between graphite jig 15 and sheath 16, copper liquid is forbidden to enter space between crystallizer inner bag 13 and sheath 16 thus, otherwise crystallizer inner bag (red copper) 13 He can be entered thus. between crystallizer shell 14 (brass), wherein there is cooling water, can blast, cause casualties.Copper liquid condenses only on the leader 20 drawing bar, is pulled in the cavity of crystallizer inner bag 13 moves by leader 20.Insert crystallizer cavity drawing bar, leader 20 must be identical material with the alloy produced.Fill upper clamp position drawing bar 11, under under liquid level, along 3-4cm place on sheath 16, drawn by motor and move, start produce.
Observe machinery instrument at any time, draw speed between 500-700mm/min, Inlet and outlet water temperature is 20-35 DEG C, and the temperature difference is between 8-15 DEG C, and crystallizer maximum temperature is no more than 50 DEG C.When driven by motor draw bar moves exceed motor time, should unload in time and draw rod, correspondence is led position and is entered lopping in take-up frame.
Product performance
Casting shank diameter ￠ 14.4-20mm
Density 8.93*10
3kg/m
3
Tensile strength δ b>=345N/mm
2
Elongation >=3.8% during fracture
Soft state conductance>=100%IACS, or≤0.1724 Ω mm
2/ m
Oxygen content≤10ppm
Concrete production instance:
A kind of rare earth anaerobic acid bronze alloy, is added with rare earth element ce, Mn and lithium in copper.The capacity melting, be incubated and draw bar production labor frequency stove is 300kg, is 300kg when the copper in stove is filled it up with.After copper temperature in melting furnace reaches 1350 DEG C, add additive gradually with feeder, a stove adds Ce0.24kg, Mn0.06kg, and lithium adds with Li-Cu intermediate alloy, and lithium ratio in Li-Cu intermediate alloy is 10.2w%, and a stove adds lithium 0.45kg.Add simultaneously by the continuous electromagnetic agitation of electromagnetic wand 30 minutes, then in holding furnace, draw bar by the six roots of sensation and start to draw bar by operation crystallizer, acid bronze alloy bar starts constantly go up derivation and produces, productions 800kg per hour, in power frequency melting furnace also constantly interpolation copper with.Copper and additive, Ce, Mn, Li-Cu intermediate alloy sequencing adds, and speed keeps evenly synchronous, per hourly adds copper 800kg, Ce0.64kg, Mn0.16kg, lithium 1.20kg.Prepare the rare earth oxygen-free copper base cerium manganese lithium alloy mixed.
After tested, rare earth oxygen-free copper base cerium manganese lithium alloy (hard state) the key technical indexes is:
With the test of Guangzhou Test Instrument Factory WE-300 type hydraulic universal material testing machine, tensile strength (TY) δ b is 465N/mm
2; Percentage elongation δ is 1.2%.With Laizhou silver test instrument plant of China, the test of Laizhou City Testing Machine Plant, Shandong HB-3000B Brinell hardness tester, hardness HB is 108.Be 1.735 × 10 by D60K digital metal conductivity measurement test resistance rate (hard state) of BT Xiamen Xinbote Technology Co., Ltd
-2Ω mm
2/ m.
Two, required copper bar shape technique flow process is processed into
Pallet unwrapping wire → alignment → continuously extruded → product cooling and anti-oxidation → metering → become dish take-up → check → pack → turn sequence or warehouse-in.
This production line device therefor mainly contains unwrapping wire pallet, the comparatively straight and feeding clipping apparatus of material, continuously extruded main frame, product cooling and oxidation, meter-measuring device, oiling station, swinging arm device, admission machine, Hydraulic Station, lubrication station, the equipment compositions such as Electric Appliance Cabinet.
The continuously extruded main frame of this technique is driven by Hydraulic Station, and adopt Z4 dc motor to be power source, mair motor power is delivered to main shaft and squeegee roller through high-speed coupling, planetary reduction gear and low-speed shaft coupler.Squeegee roller and main shaft adopt and connect without part.Mair motor adopts digital dc regulator control, and receipts, winding displacement adopt frequency-variable controller, and ensure that main frame, admission machine run reliably steady, winding displacement is neat.
The oxygenless copper alloy production phase draw bar produce copper bar 31 released by draw drum, through swage laggard enter main frame.Copper bar is pressed in squeegee roller groove 34 under the effect of compact wheel 33, is admitted to extrusion chamber 35, extrudes through mould by frictional force effect.
During actual production, before host work, extrusion chamber 35 cavity of main frame and ready short section of copper bar will be placed in electric furnace and be heated to 500 DEG C, and are incubated 30 minutes; After short section of copper bar enters extrusion chamber 35, extrude through mould 36, mould 36 is required copper bar shape; The squeeze pressure of copper bar 31 when mould 36 is about 1000MPa, temperatures as high 500 DEG C-550 DEG C, and therefore product does not need to remake annealing in process.Extrusion chamber 35 keeps this temperature continuous extrusion production afterwards, need not on-line heating again.Use thermocouple displays temperature.
The section bar extruded cools and oxidation 38 through the product of sealing, and after (i.e. tank, is added with antioxidant in water) anti-oxidation cooling, copper bar section bar 42 is around on take-up reel 41 and carries out take-up or fixed length cutting.
Concrete operations code is:
1. check hydraulic system, the liquid level of cooling system, temperature before start, supply adjustment and guarantee in prescribed limit.
2. get out copper bar (long some sections, 200-250mm copper bar).Take-up reel 41 is put on admission machine, according to the good takeup tension of the preliminary speed governing of product specification size and winding displacement pitch, admission machine is placed in and treats duty.
3. start " hydraulic pressure " successively, " lubrication ", " frock cooling " and " main frame ", strike off defective material in extruding race, copper knurl remains are placed in 50mm place, scraper top position, stop spindle operation.
4. install mould, cavity, stock guide compressing.Test, adjust the gap of cavity and squeegee roller between 0.6-0.7mm, adjust the position of scraper, compact wheel.Cavity and ready short section of copper bar will to be placed in electric furnace heating and thermal insulation 30 minutes, make temperature reach 500 DEG C.
5. close boots seat, rotates hold-down cylinder and also reliably locate to operating position.Start clamping switch and compress boots seat (compaction pressure value is 50Mpa), insert thermocouple.
6. start " product cooling " and " drying up ", regulate adjustment knob, main shaft is operated within the scope of 4 ~ 5 revs/min, add the short section of copper bar through heating simultaneously continuously, when product extrudes boots bore mouth, add stock material.With pliers, the copper bar product of the heat extruded from boots seat is delivered to protection tube 37 import, install protection tube 37, protection tube and the sealing of boots seat, add cooling water.Be drawn past the product of cooling at protection tube 37 exit hand by tank (tank has water inlet pipe 39 and outlet pipe 40), blowing dryer, rice counting wheel, is around in product on take-up reel 41, starts admission machine take-up.
7. slowly governing speed knob raises the speed of mainshaft to appropriate speed, and notes observing ruuning situation completely.
8. shut down.Copper bar is manually being cut off from about one meter of of charging aperture before shutting down.After copper bar afterbody enters squeegee roller, regulate speed governing knob reduction of speed, squeegee roller is rotated a circle again and stops.Idle running when main frame can not be allowed long without material, in order to avoid damage cavity and squeegee roller.Duty switch is allocated to backward position.
Transfer to thermocouple afterwards, (open boots seat when not transfering to and can cause thermocouple break), pulls down protection tube, from the sawed-off copper material in boots seat exit.Part copper material defective material is had to stay in extruding race.
Regulate admission machine that product is all around on take-up reel, unload product, close admission machine.
Unclamp hold-down cylinder, forwarded to off-position and locate.
After confirming that thermocouple is transferred to, pin " boots seat is opened " button, crawl " reversion " button, opens boots seat simultaneously.Main shaft must not reverse more than 1/2 week, otherwise in extruding race, defective material can damage scraper and compact wheel.
Take out cavity and mould, after about 15 minutes, close armamentarium.
Three, copper bar product process flow is processed into
Copper cash section bar → rafting frame → side that extruder is extruded and plane comparatively straight → drawing → scale finished product cut off → inspection → packaging → warehouse-in.
Line up product production line primarily of the framed bent putting copper bar, coalignment, drawing main frame 53, move trolley 54, rollgang 56 device forms, and connects successively with upper-part; Separately have electrical control cubicles and Hydraulic Station and coalignment, drawing main frame 53, moves trolley 54, and rollgang connects, and is the power source of these parts; Control box and coalignment, drawing main frame 53, moves trolley 54, and rollgang 56 connects, and is the instruction platform of these parts, and necessary maintaining is good.
The framed bent accepting the copper bar section bar 51 that extruder is extruded is moved to drawing main frame 53 front; Straightener carries out after side and plane smooth alignment substantially, copper bar being sent into the drawing die cavity of drawing main frame 53 to copper bar; Drawing in drawing main frame 53 mold cavity; Under control box instruction automatic operation, move trolley 54 and put in place, saw cutting device 57 cuts off copper bar, and Material moving device accepts the copper bar of saw cutting, transfers on rollgang 56 after clamping.
Concrete operations code is:
1. pay off rack.The framed bent accepting the copper bar that extruder is extruded is transferred to drawing main frame 53 front.Storage copper bar give prominence to, for drawbench control, shaping.
2. straightener carries out the copper bar traction after pointing the basic smoothing alignment of side and plane to straightener, then copper bar is sent into drawing die cavity, exposes 200mm at drawing die holder.Straightener outfit automatic feed mechanism, every rosette copper row only need work once when initial rafting, then just must throw-out-of clutch.During drawing, aligning mechanism is passive, can not violate this operation.
3. copper bar after alignment smoothing through lubricating oil Cooling and Lubricator, then drawn by draw vice, drawing in the main frame mold cavity with given shape, dimensional accuracy, surface roughness, once drawing, copper bar is just provided with given cross section switch and surface quality.
4. drawing jaw is drawn by drawing oil cylinder and enters the reciprocating motion of rewind by four rollers workmanship on drawing lathe bed.Piston rod indentation claims work to enter, i.e. copper bar drawing process.Piston rod stretches out that running in expresses one's gratification moves back.Roll the clamping of pincers and unclamp by the reciprocating motion of clamping cylinder, driving the back and forth movement of a pair gear to realize by fork.
5. copper section bar puts in place through drawing, and PLC operation sequence sends instruction, and moving under the prerequisite that trolley puts in place, saw cutting device cuts off copper bar.Cylinder discharges, and jaw is thrown off, and retains a section die mouth, so as again drawing time clamping.
6.PLC operation sequence can with drawing jaw in-position, and instruction dolly arrives drawing center 55 piecemeal, responds at any time, accepts copper bar, in order to avoid copper bar comes off.Move the copper bar that trolley accepts saw cutting, transfer to after clamping on rollgang 56.
7. rollgang is transferred to finished product roller-way the copper bar that dolly is transferred, and through scale spacing 58, determine length, saw cutting device 57 cuts off finished product, subsequently by hand-filling, and warehouse-in.
The key technical indexes
Anaerobic copper bar
Oxygen content≤10ppm
Conductance 101%IACS
Percentage elongation ﹥ 45% (soft state)
The anaerobic copper bar that production equipment of the present invention is produced has the feature of high strength, high conductivity.The oxygen-free copper scheduling product case hardness of producing is high, and good springiness, conductance is high, significantly improves the surface quality of copper bar, adds the utilization rate of material.
Claims (10)
1. an anaerobic copper bar production technology, comprises production of copper alloy step, is processed into required copper bar section bar step, and is finally processed into copper bar finished product step;
Wherein production of copper alloy comprises the following steps:
1) brickwork;
2) cleaning, shear electrolysis copper; Cathode copper after cleaning, shearing is put into industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace;
3) industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace (1) and line-frequency induction holding furnace (2) is heated, to cathode copper fusing, transition, insulation;
4) in line-frequency induction holding furnace (2), bar is drawn, continuous production with six roots of sensation crystallizer (4); Crystallizer (4) is equipped with cooling device, and crystallizer (4) head is equipped with graphite jig (15), and mold cavity shape is the shape of drawing copper bar; There is sheath (16) crystallizer (4) outside; Crystallizer inner bag (13) is cavity; Draw during production bar (11) insert cavity, under under liquid level, move by motor, draw bar produce;
5) around bar;
6) sampling detects, analytical calculation;
Wherein be processed into required copper bar section bar to comprise the following steps:
1) pallet unwrapping wire;
2) material alignment or feeding are cut off;
3) main frame is continuously extruded, and section bar is out squeezed through mould;
4) product out through protection tube cooling with anti-oxidation;
5) metering;
6) one-tenth dish take-up;
7) check;
8) pack; Turn sequence or warehouse-in;
Wherein be processed into copper bar finished product, namely copper bar production line comprises the following steps:
1) rafting frame;
2) side and plane smoothing alignment;
3) main frame drawing;
4) scale;
5) finished product cuts off;
6) pack, warehouse-in;
Its feature is: in production of copper alloy step, described industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace (1) and line-frequency induction holding furnace (2) are the combination stove of unification, there is partition (5) centre of industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace (1) and line-frequency induction holding furnace (2), and the height cutting off (5) aspect ratio combination stove is low; When copper after mixing in industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace (1) and additive fused solution height exceed partition (5), flow into line-frequency induction holding furnace, then draw bar by crystallizer (4), production of copper alloy.
2. anaerobic copper bar production technology as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace (1) and the respective heating of line-frequency induction holding furnace (2), fusing, attemperator, comprise primary winding (8), water jacket (7) and secondary coil (6); Primary winding (8), namely heating induction coil is in water jacket (7), secondary coil, namely melts the channel (6) of cathode copper outside water jacket; Cored in primary winding (8), iron core and water jacket (7), primary winding (8) are concentric; Primary winding (8) two ends are straight, are embedded with this insulating bar of lamination glue between iron core and primary winding (8).
3. anaerobic copper bar production technology as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: according to the difference of additive, arranges the temperature of different industrial-frequency induction smelting furnaces and line-frequency induction holding furnace; After furnace temperature exceedes the fusing point 1083 DEG C of copper, copper starts melting, if additive fusing point is lower than the fusing point of copper, adds additive when copper meltwater temperature is 1150-1275 DEG C; Additive fusing point lower than the boiling point 2563 DEG C of copper, if additive fusing point is higher than the fusing point of copper, when copper meltwater temperature is than additive fusing point height 20-100 DEG C, should add additive.
4. anaerobic copper bar production technology as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: each crystallizer (4) draws bar (11) by a pulse driven by servomotor, keeps drawing the independent, continuous of bar.
5. anaerobic copper bar production technology as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: on copper melt face, cover one deck 1-1.5m charcoal grieshoch (9), starvation.
6. anaerobic copper bar production technology as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: when adding additive, by blue or green mock wooden stick mechanical agitation, or using electromagnetic wand electromagnetic agitation, copper and additive fused solution are mixed.
7. anaerobic copper bar production technology as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the lid (3) of industrial-frequency induction smelting furnace for being merged, discerptible two panels, control folding by mechanical traction, reinforced and capping.
8. anaerobic copper bar production technology as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: be processed into required copper bar section bar step, before host work, the extrusion chamber cavity of main frame and ready short section of copper bar will be placed in electric furnace and be heated to 500 DEG C, and are incubated 30 minutes; After short section of copper bar enters extrusion chamber (35), extrude through mould (36), mould (36) is required copper bar shape; The squeeze pressure of copper material when mould (36) is about 1000MPa, temperatures as high 500 DEG C-550 DEG C; Extrusion chamber (35) keeps this temperature continuous extrusion production afterwards, need not on-line heating again.
9. anaerobic copper bar production technology as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: be processed into copper bar finished product step, and straightener carries out the copper bar traction after pointing the basic smoothing alignment of side and plane to straightener, then copper bar is sent into drawing die cavity; Straightener is equipped with automatic feed mechanism, and every rosette copper row only need work once when initial rafting, then must throw-out-of clutch, and during drawing, aligning mechanism is passive.
10. anaerobic copper bar production technology as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that: copper bar alignment smoothing after through Cooling and Lubricator, drawn by draw vice again, there is given shape, dimensional accuracy, with drawing in the main frame mold cavity of surface roughness, once drawing, copper bar is just provided with given cross sectional shape and surface quality.
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| CN111531330B (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2021-12-14 | 中色（天津）特种材料有限公司 | Production method of special-shaped copper bar |
| CN114951576B (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2024-04-05 | 江西万兴铜业有限公司 | Method and process for producing high-purity copper rod by upward-pulling method |
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