CN108389480A - A kind of novel elastic ball hits experiment instrument - Google Patents
A kind of novel elastic ball hits experiment instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN108389480A CN108389480A CN201810479147.1A CN201810479147A CN108389480A CN 108389480 A CN108389480 A CN 108389480A CN 201810479147 A CN201810479147 A CN 201810479147A CN 108389480 A CN108389480 A CN 108389480A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of novel elastic ball hits experiment instruments, including：Pedestal, supporting side walls, protractor, slideway, experiment plane, experiment Plane Rotation handle and elastic sphere；Pedestal both sides are vertically fixed supporting side walls, sidewall upper supported on both sides is securely connect with protractor, it is equipped with graduated scale in protractor inner ring, it is equipped with slideway in the outer ring of protractor, experiment plane slide-bar is equipped in slideway, it tests plane slide-bar and is locked with slideway by testing plane slide-bar fixed screw, experiment plane slide-bar is connect with experiment plane；Protractor center is equipped with experiment Plane Rotation axle sleeve, and experiment plane upper end is equipped with experiment Plane Rotation axis, and experiment Plane Rotation shaft rotation is dynamic to be connected in the experiment Plane Rotation axle sleeve at protractor center.The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention can realize elastic collision experiment of the elastic sphere on perpendicular, moreover it is possible to turn to different angle by rotational plane and elastic sphere is allowed to carry out elastic collision experiment.
Description
Technical field
The invention patent relates to experiment instrument more particularly to a kind of novel elastic ball hits experiment instruments.
Background technology
Momentum is a key concept in big physics teaching in secondary school, and momentum is exactly the quality and moving object speed of object
Product, the conservation of momentum refers to group of objects when not by external force, its two momentum perseverance under arbitrary two state is equal, then such as
What verification conservation of momentum is also an important experiment in big physics teaching in secondary school；Traditional verification conservation of momentum experiment is nothing more than
Two types elastic collision experiment instrument：First, two elastomeric objects collision on horizontal plane, identical two of two quality
The momentum of itself is entirely delivered to stationary object by object, a moving object and a stationary object central collision, the object of movement,
Moving object is static to get off, and original static object obtains same momentum and moves；Second, it is a kind of more cotton ropes of use
Multiple equal mass-elastics spheres are fastened, they are suspended on one by one on crossbeam, rope length length is adjusted and is allowed to the height such as different spheres, line
Distance is just sphere diameter between rope, when experiment, by a sphere together with cotton rope with other cotton ropes are coplanar stretches, with original position
It is set to a larger angle, is then loosed one's grip, sphere moves in a circle, when sphere reaches minimum point, and adjacent ball central collision, the
Momentum can be entirely delivered to second sphere by one sphere, and second sphere passes to third sphere, and so on, until
The last one sphere is passed to, and the last one sphere can rise same height with the first sphere；Both the above experiment instrument is
For proving the law of conservation of momentum.But if two identical elastic spheres of quality are on any inclined inclined-plane
Whether the law of conservation of momentum is still set up, and so far, there are no such laboratory apparatus, i.e., the elastic balls of two phase homogenous quantities
Body is pulled in the collision experiment instrument in arbitrary inclined ramp by cotton rope.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is overcoming deficiency in the prior art, a kind of novel elastic ball hits experiment instrument is provided.
This novel elastic ball hits experiment instrument, including：Pedestal, supporting side walls, protractor, slideway, experiment plane, reality
Test Plane Rotation handle and elastic sphere；Pedestal both sides are vertically fixed supporting side walls, sidewall upper supported on both sides and protractor jail
It is solidly connected, graduated scale is equipped in protractor inner ring, be equipped with slideway in the outer ring of protractor, experiment plane slide-bar is equipped in slideway,
It tests plane slide-bar and is locked with slideway by testing plane slide-bar fixed screw, experiment plane slide-bar is connect with experiment plane；Amount
Angle device center is equipped with experiment Plane Rotation axle sleeve, and experiment plane upper end is equipped with experiment Plane Rotation axis, tests Plane Rotation shaft rotation
It is dynamic to be connected in the experiment Plane Rotation axle sleeve at protractor center；Experiment plane rear end middle is provided with experiment Plane Rotation
Handle；Elastic sphere fixes the long thread hollow screw of tune using sphere lead and by sphere lead and is fixed at experiment Plane Rotation axis
On sphere lead fix and adjust on long thread hollow screw hole.
As preferred：Experiment Plane Rotation handle is fixedly connected by handler with experiment plane fixed edge with experiment plane,
Between experiment Plane Rotation handle and handler and experiment plane fixed edge reinforcing is securely enclosed by testing plane fixed handle.
As preferred：It is to adjust the ligament perforation of spiral shell button lower end that sphere lead, which is fixed and adjusts long thread hollow screw lower end, on
End is equipped with extraordinarily thick hole to place coarse adjustment lead length coiling.
As preferred：It is coiling among coarse adjustment lead length coiling, both ends are that radius is more than the same of coiling
Heart disk, coarse adjustment lead length coiling lower end are circle sheet, and edge is equipped with equidistant coarse adjustment lead length
Coiling card slot, coarse adjustment lead length coiling upper end are that coarse adjustment coiling holds end, are cylindrical and prominent
It is fixed in sphere lead and adjusts long thread hollow screw upper surface.
As preferred：Elastic sphere lower part is the thick eyelet of lead, and top is the thin eyelet of lead, and the thick eyelet of lead and lead are thin
It is ball centre between eyelet.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1, the present invention can realize elastic collision experiment of the elastic sphere on perpendicular, moreover it is possible to be turned by rotational plane
Moving to different angle allows elastic sphere to carry out elastic collision experiment.
2, the present invention is the collision experiment for realizing in any angle elastic sphere, uses protractor and is turned over to measure inclined-plane
Angle, precision reach 30 points.
3, the present invention has devised to realize elastic sphere central collision and is parallel to experiment plane side on experiment Plane Rotation axis
To punching, is fixed using sphere lead and long thread hollow screw is adjusted to adjust lead length method.
4, it present invention employs holding handle structure to rotate experiment plane, to change experiment planar inclination, facilitates
Realize the central collision on different inclined surface between elastic sphere.
5, the present invention draws grid chart in experiment plane, can definitely observe before elastic sphere collision and after collision
Position.
6, the present invention is skilful using the bolt playing skill of elastic sphere uniqueness diameter punching, and center is boundary, upper thin, lower thick, lead from
Lower end penetrates upper end and is pierced by, intermediate barrier after knotting.
7, the present invention fixes the unique texture for adjusting long thread hollow screw using sphere lead, long by coarse adjustment lead
Short coiling carries out coarse adjustment to lead, is fixed using sphere lead and the spiral up and down of long thread hollow screw entirety is adjusted to carry out carefully
It adjusts, especially there are innovation and inventive features.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is overall structure of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is side view of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is experiment Plane Rotation protractor front view；
Fig. 4 is to hold handle, experiment plane, sphere suspension connection side view；
Fig. 5 is that experiment plane, rotation axis and sphere lead fix the long thread hollow screw hole schematic diagram of tune；
Fig. 6 is that sphere lead fixes the long thread hollow screw schematic diagram of tune；
Fig. 7 is elastic sphere and connects string holes front view；
Fig. 8 is experiment plane grid front view；
Fig. 9 is elastic sphere vertical direction central collision state diagram；
Figure 10 is that experiment instrument rotates the angles θ stereogram；
Figure 11 is parallel to in-plane with sphere edge for the experiment instrument rotation angles θ and turns overAngle stereogram.
Reference sign：1, pedestal, 2, supporting side walls, 3, protractor, 3-1, graduated scale, 4, slideway, 5, experiment plane
Slide-bar, 6, experiment plane slide-bar fixed screw, 7, experiment Plane Rotation axle sleeve, 8, experiment plane, 8-1, experiment Plane Rotation axis,
8-2, sphere lead, which are fixed, adjusts long thread hollow screw hole, and 9, experiment Plane Rotation handle, 9-1 experiment plane fixed handles securely enclose, 9-
2, handler and experiment plane fixed edge, 10, elastic sphere, 10-1, sphere lead, 10-2, sphere lead, which are fixed, adjusts long screw thread
10-21, cored screw adjusts the ligament perforation of spiral shell button lower end, 10-22, coarse adjustment lead length coiling, 10-23, rough
Lead length coiling card slot is adjusted, 10-24, coarse adjustment coiling hold end, the thick eyelet of 10-3, lead, in 10-4, sphere
The heart, the thin eyelet of 10-5, lead.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described further with reference to embodiment.The explanation of following embodiments is merely used to help understand this
Invention.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, also
Can be with several improvements and modifications are made to the present invention, these improvement and modification also fall into the protection domain of the claims in the present invention
It is interior.
As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the novel elastic ball hits experiment instrument fixes two etc. vertically in 1 both sides of pedestal
Big supporting side walls 2 are securely connect with protractor 3 respectively in 2 upper end of side wall supported on both sides, are arranged in 3 inner ring of protractor useful
It measures the graduated scale 3-1 of angle, the outer ring of protractor 3 is provided with experiment plane slide-bar 5 and slideway 4, experiment plane slide-bar 5
The sliding rotation in slideway 4 with experiment plane 8 fixes spiral shell after experiment plane 8 turns over angle-determining using experiment plane slide-bar
Experiment plane slide-bar 5 is firmly locked by silk 6 with slideway 4；In 3 centrally disposed realities rotated for testing plane 8 of protractor
Plane Rotation axle sleeve 7 is tested, there are one the experiment Plane Rotation axis 8-1 of corner (right angle), experiment planes to turn for 8 upper end band of experiment plane
Moving axis 8-1 is rotatablely connected to the experiment Plane Rotation axle sleeve 7 at 3 center of protractor, and experiment plane 8 can surround protractor 3
7 continuous rotation of experiment Plane Rotation axle sleeve, experiment plane 8 rear end middle is provided with experiment Plane Rotation handle 9, experiment is flat
Face handler 9 is fixedly connected by handler with experiment plane fixed edge 9-2 with experiment plane 8, is tested Plane Rotation handle 9 and is turned
Between dynamic handle and experiment plane fixed edge 9-2 9-1 reinforcings are securely enclosed by testing plane fixed handle；Elastic sphere 10 is drawn using sphere
Line 10-1 is simultaneously drawn by the long thread hollow screw 10-2 of the sphere lead fixation tune spheres being fixed on experiment Plane Rotation axis 8-1
Line, which is fixed, to be adjusted on long thread hollow screw hole 8-2, and sphere lead, which is fixed, adjusts long thread hollow screw 10-2 that can adjust sphere lead
10-1 length is allowed to elastic sphere 10 and is in sustained height.
The long lower ends thread hollow screw 10-2 are adjusted to be worn for adjusting spiral shell button lower end ligament as shown in fig. 6, sphere lead is fixed
Hole 10-21, upper end is extraordinarily thick hole, for placing coarse adjustment lead length coiling 10-22, coarse adjustment lead length coiling
Coiling among 10-22 is enclosed, both ends are the concentric disk that radius is more than coiling, and lower end is circle sheet, between edge excavation has etc.
Away from coarse adjustment lead length coiling card slot 10-23, be used for card line, upper end be coarse adjustment coiling hold end 10-24,
It is cylinder and protrudes from the long upper surfaces thread hollow screw 10-2 of sphere lead fixation tune, is pulled out with being conducive to be grasped with hand
Facilitate coiling.
As shown in Fig. 1,2,4,5,6,7, sphere lead 10-1 penetrates logical from the thick eyelet 10-3 of 10 lower end lead of elastic sphere
It crosses the thin eyelet 10-5 of lead to come out, the lower ends sphere lead 10-1 knot between the thick eyelet 10-3 of lead and the thin eyelet 10-5 of lead
It is blocked at ball centre 10-4, the sphere upper ends lead 10-1 are pierced by from lead eye position, are then passed through sphere lead and are fixed the long spiral shell of tune
The adjusting spiral shell button lower end ligament of the line cored screw 10-2 10-21 that perforates is pierced by upper end, and is wound on coarse adjustment lead length
On coiling 10-22, waits for that sphere lead 10-1 is appropriate length between elastic sphere 10 and experiment Plane Rotation axis 8-1, will draw
Line 10-1 is stuck in the coarse adjustment lead length coiling card slot 10-23 of coarse adjustment lead length coiling 10-22, then will
Coarse adjustment lead length coiling 10-22 puts sphere lead into and fixes the corresponding position for adjusting long thread hollow screw 10-2, and
Sphere lead is fixed to the sphere lead fixation for adjusting long thread hollow screw 10-2 to be mounted on experiment Plane Rotation axis 8-1 and adjusts length
In thread hollow screw hole 8-2, other six sphere leads can similarly be fixed and long thread hollow screw 10-2 is adjusted to be mounted on experiment
The sphere lead of Plane Rotation axis 8-1, which is fixed, to be adjusted in long thread hollow screw hole 8-2, is then rotated up and down screwed seven respectively
A sphere lead, which is fixed, adjusts long thread hollow screw 10-2, is allowed to ball centre 10-4 and is in sustained height.
Experimental procedure and method：
1, vertical direction perfect elasticity ball hits are tested
(1) it holds experiment Plane Rotation handle 9 and turns over a small angle in the counterclockwise direction, to be unlikely to elastic sphere 10
Movement is collided with experiment plane 8, is fixed together with slideway 4 with experiment plane slide-bar fixed screw 6 by plane slide-bar 5 is tested,
As shown in Figure 1；
(2) it holds elastic sphere a and stretches lead, along φ is turned over counterclockwise, then let go, elastic sphere a will do circle
Zhou Yundong reaches in situ and elastic sphere b central collisions, and then elastic sphere b hits elastic sphere c, and elastic sphere c hits elastic sphere d,
Elastic sphere d hits elastic sphere e, and elastic sphere e hits elastic sphere f, and elastic sphere f hits elastic sphere j, if elastic sphere collides
Process does not have energy loss, is known by (5) formula, and obtained by the conservation of momentum, elastic sphere j can obtain identical as elastic sphere a after collision
Rate vj=va, last elastic sphere j lifting heights and elastic sphere a lift that position is identical, i.e. elastic sphere j reaches highest point
Its lead is also φ with original position angle, as shown in Figure 9.
2, the perfectly elastic impact experiment on inclined direction
(1) experiment Plane Rotation handle 9 is held along θ is rotated clockwise, and will be tested with experiment plane slide-bar fixed screw 6
Plane slide-bar 5 is fixed together with slideway 4, as shown in Fig. 1,2,10；
(2) it holds elastic sphere a and stretches lead, turn over φ counterclockwise, then let go, this initial elasticity sphere can be
Restoring force F1Under effect, move in a circle；
(3) elastic sphere c, elastic sphere can be hit with elastic sphere b central collisions, elastic sphere b when elastic sphere a reaches original position
C hits elastic sphere d, and elastic sphere d hits elastic sphere e, and elastic sphere e hits elastic sphere f, and elastic sphere f hits elastic sphere j,
If each elastic sphere collision process does not have energy loss, obtained with the conservation of momentum by (5) formula, after collision elastic sphere j can obtain with
Elastic sphere a phase same rates vj=va, it is identical that last elastic sphere j lifting heights and elastic sphere a lift position, i.e. elastic ball
It is also φ that body j, which reaches its lead of highest point with original position angle, as shown in figure 11.
Experimental principle：
It is defined according to the law of conservation of momentum：If a certain mechanical system is not zero by external force or external force vector sum, system is total
Momentum remains unchanged.If first elastic sphere quality m1, it is respectively v to collide front and back speed1、v′1, second elastic ball constitution
Measure m2, it is respectively v to collide front and back speed2、v′2, had according to the law of conservation of momentum
m1v1+m2v2=m1v′1+m′2......(1)
Since collision process is perfectly elastic impact, therefore conservation of mechanical energy
Solution (1), (2) formula obtain
If two elastic spheres are identical in quality, static, m before second elastic sphere collision1=m2, v2=0, then by
(3), (4) Shi Ke get：v′1=0, v '2=v1.That is, identical two elastic spheres of quality, when a sport ball
After body collides another static sphere, moving sphere is static to get off, and originally motionless sphere can obtain and former moving sphere phase
It is moved along the protocorm body direction of motion with speed.
Experiment one：Vertical direction perfect elasticity ball hits are tested
The case where vertical direction perfectly elastic impact is tested, i.e., sphere lead and perpendicular angle are 0 °, observation are last
One elastic sphere j is hit hoisting depth, if it is identical as former elastic sphere a raisings, i.e. elastic sphere a starting lift position with
Whether elastic sphere j rises to peak position identical.
If sphere a, b, c, d, e, f, j mass is respectively ma、mb、mc、md、me、mf、mj, and
ma=mb=mc=md=me=mf=mj......(5)
If by elastic sphere a pull-ups, and its lead and former vertical direction fall to minimum point velocity v at φ after letting goa,
With elastic sphere b central collisions, elastic sphere b hits elastic sphere c, and elastic sphere c hits elastic sphere d, and elastic sphere d hits elastic sphere
E, elastic sphere e hit elastic sphere f, and elastic sphere f hits elastic sphere j, if each elastic sphere collision process does not have energy loss,
It is obtained with the conservation of momentum by (5) formula, elastic sphere j can be obtained and sphere a phase same rates v after collisionj=va, on last elastic sphere j
Rise can lift that position is same, i.e., elastic sphere j leads and vertical former angular separation are also φ with elastic sphere a starting.Pass through
Experimental demonstration observes such a result.
Perfectly elastic impact experiment in experiment two, inclined direction
If experiment plane turns over angle, θ, i.e. plane where elastic sphere lead and perpendicular angle theta, then grabbed with hand
Live in elastic sphere a stretches lead and turns over φ along with experiment plane parallel direction, at this point, elastic sphere is put in inclined-plane moment,
Elastic sphere a force analysis situations, as shown in figure 11, the gravity m of elastic sphere straight downaG, lead is along lead direction to bullet
Property sphere pulling force f, the inclined-plane elastic force N upward to elastic sphere, then have
N=mg sin θs ... (6)
F=mg cos θ sin φ ... (7)
Gravity can be decomposed into elastic force N '=mg sin θ of the normal pressure i.e. sphere to inclined-plane, wherein N ' and N is active force
With reaction force；Along inclined-plane sliding force F=mgcos θ, which can be analyzed to two power, has respectively restored F again1(tangentially side
To), the reaction force F with lead lifting the ball power f2, i.e.,
In restoring forceUnder effect, elastic sphere a will move in a circle to original position
It sets and is collided with elastic sphere b, then elastic sphere b hits elastic sphere c, and elastic sphere c hits elastic sphere d, and elastic sphere d hits bullet
Property sphere e, elastic sphere e hit elastic sphere f, and elastic sphere f hits elastic sphere j, if each elastic sphere does not have in collision process
Energy loss is obtained by (5) formula with the conservation of momentum, and elastic sphere j can be obtained and sphere a phase same rates v after collisionj=va, last bullet
Property sphere j lifting heights to lift height with elastic sphere a startings same, i.e., elastic sphere j leads with original position (along surface slope
Direction) angle still be φ.Such a result is observed by experimental demonstration.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of novel elastic ball hits experiment instrument, which is characterized in that including：Pedestal (1), supporting side walls (2), protractor
(3), slideway (4), experiment plane (8), experiment Plane Rotation handle (9) and elastic sphere (10)；Pedestal (1) both sides are vertically fixed
Supporting side walls (2), side wall (2) upper end supported on both sides are securely connect with protractor (3), and graduated scale is equipped in protractor (3) inner ring
(3-1) is equipped with slideway (4) in the outer ring of protractor (3), is equipped with experiment plane slide-bar (5) in slideway (4), tests plane slide-bar
(5) it is locked with slideway (4) by testing plane slide-bar fixed screw (6), experiment plane slide-bar (5) is connect with experiment plane (8)；
Protractor (3) center is equipped with experiment Plane Rotation axle sleeve (7), and experiment plane (8) upper end is equipped with experiment Plane Rotation axis (8-1),
Plane Rotation axis (8-1) is tested to be rotatablely connected to the experiment Plane Rotation axle sleeve (7) at protractor (3) center；Test plane (8)
Rear end middle is provided with experiment Plane Rotation handle (9)；Elastic sphere (10) is drawn using sphere lead (10-1) and by sphere
Line fixes the sphere lead for adjusting long thread hollow screw (10-2) to be fixed on experiment Plane Rotation axis (8-1) and fixes the long screw thread of tune
In hollow threaded bore (8-2).
2. novel elastic ball hits experiment instrument according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Test Plane Rotation handle (9)
It is fixedly connected with experiment plane fixed edge (9-2) with experiment plane (8) by handler, experiment Plane Rotation handle (9) and rotation
Between handle and experiment plane fixed edge (9-2) (9-1) reinforcing is securely enclosed by testing plane fixed handle.
3. novel elastic ball hits experiment instrument according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Sphere lead, which is fixed, adjusts long spiral shell
The lower end line cored screw (10-2) is to adjust spiral shell button lower end ligament to perforate (10-21), and it is rough to place that upper end is equipped with extraordinarily thick hole
Adjust lead length coiling (10-22).
4. novel elastic ball hits experiment instrument according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Coarse adjustment lead length around
It is coiling among coil (10-22), both ends are the concentric disk that radius is more than coiling, coarse adjustment lead length coiling
The lower end (10-22) is circle sheet, and edge is equipped with equidistant coarse adjustment lead length coiling card slot (10-23), roughly
It is that coarse adjustment coiling holds end (10-24) to adjust the upper end lead length coiling (10-22), for cylinder and is protruded from
Sphere lead, which is fixed, adjusts long thread hollow screw (10-2) upper surface.
5. novel elastic ball hits experiment instrument according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Elastic sphere (10) lower part is
The thick eyelet of lead (10-3), top are the thin eyelet of lead (10-5), the thick eyelet of lead (10-3) and the thin eyelet of lead (10-5) it
Between be ball centre (10-4).
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| CN201810479147.1A CN108389480B (en) | 2018-05-18 | 2018-05-18 | Elastic sphere collision experiment instrument |
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| CN201810479147.1A CN108389480B (en) | 2018-05-18 | 2018-05-18 | Elastic sphere collision experiment instrument |
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| CN115100926A (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-09-23 | 淮阴工学院 | Teaching elasticity presentation device based on physical experiment |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN108389480B (en) | 2023-08-15 |
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