CN108388718B - Optimized MIMO radar antenna array design method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an optimized MIMO radar antenna array design method, which comprises the following steps: setting the grid number N of the MIMO radar antenna arrayg(ii) a Selecting one of the MIMO radar antennas as a reference antenna to be placed in the grid; selecting N from the remaining gridst+Nr-1 grid of remaining antennas forming an array, wherein NtFor the number of transmitting antennas, NrIs the number of receive antennas; and traversing all the arrangement forms, calculating equivalent antenna structures under all the arrangement forms according to the distance between each antenna and the reference antenna, and selecting the most appropriate arrangement form from the equivalent antenna structures. Aiming at all the arrangement forms, the invention can find better arrangement effect compared with the empirical arrangement by means of the calculation of a computer, solves the difficulty of arrangement design when multiple MIMO antennas exist, and can give full play to the performance of a radio frequency chip and fully utilize the area of a radio frequency board.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radars, and particularly relates to an optimized MIMO radar antenna array design method.
Background
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is an emerging radar technology. Compared with the traditional real aperture radar, the MIMO radar forms a larger antenna aperture by using a plurality of transmitting channels and a plurality of receiving channels, thereby improving the spatial resolution capability, and can simultaneously detect multiple targets in a scene by using a digital beam forming technology. However, because the MIMO radar uses a plurality of transmitting and receiving channels, when the number of transmitting antennas and the number of receiving antennas increase, it is difficult to exert the advantages of the MIMO radar using an empirical array arrangement method, which wastes the area of the antenna and increases the volume of the entire radar.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides an optimized MIMO radar antenna array design method, which finds out an optimal array layout form satisfying the constraint condition through the search of a computer, so as to obtain a better antenna array layout effect and fully exert the performance of the MIMO radar antenna.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme
An optimized MIMO radar antenna array design method comprises the following steps:
setting the grid number N of the MIMO radar antenna arrayg；
Selecting one of the MIMO radar antennas as a reference antenna to be placed in the grid;
selecting N from the remaining gridst+Nr-1 grid of remaining antennas forming an array, wherein NtFor the number of transmitting antennas, NrIs the number of receive antennas; and traversing all the arrangement forms, calculating equivalent antenna structures under all the arrangement forms according to the distance between each antenna and the reference antenna, and selecting the most appropriate arrangement form from the equivalent antenna structures.
Further, the invention selects one of all antennas which is at the edge of the relative position as a reference antenna, and the position of the reference antenna at the edge of the grid is not changed.
Further, the process of calculating the equivalent antenna structures in all the array layout forms of the present invention is as follows: calculating the grid distance l from each transmitting antenna to the reference antennai(i＝1,2…Nt) Calculating grid distance l 'from each receiving antenna to reference antenna'j(j＝1,2…Nr) And calculating to obtain an Nt×NrMatrix array
Each element of the matrix A satisfies
And sequencing the elements in the matrix A, removing repeated elements to form a one-dimensional vector x, and calculating the equivalent antenna structure in the array form by using a dynamic programming algorithm according to the MIMO calculation rule.
Furthermore, the feasible relative position relationship between each transmitting antenna and each receiving antenna, namely the arrangement rule, is set according to the MIMO radar radio frequency chip pin definition and the actual radio frequency board card condition; selecting N from the remaining grids according to the arrangement rulet+Nr-1 grid.
Further, according to the equivalent antenna structure under each array form, if the maximum number N of the equidistant array elements is more than or equal to K, the array form is recorded, wherein K is a set threshold value of the number of the acceptable MIMO equidistant array elements; and screening out the arraying form which is suitable for maximizing the processing difficulty and the equivalent aperture from the recorded arraying forms.
Further, the number N of the grids set in the step 1 of the present inventiongShould satisfy Ng>Nt×Nr×2。
Further, the sorting of the invention is to sort the elements in the matrix A from small to large by using a merging sorting algorithm,
has the advantages that:
compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention has the following characteristics:
first, aiming at all the arrangement forms, a better arrangement effect compared with the empirical arrangement can be found by means of the calculation of a computer, the difficulty of arrangement design when multiple MIMO antennas are available is solved, and meanwhile, the performance of a radio frequency chip can be fully exerted and the area of a radio frequency board can be fully utilized.
Secondly, the invention considers the pin definition and the wiring constraint of the transmitting chip, so that the arraying result is convenient to realize.
Thirdly, the invention uses the searching method of limiting the most marginal grids, which can effectively remove repeated calculation and improve the searching efficiency.
Fourthly, the searching process of the invention does not contain iterative operation and can carry out parallel computation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a MIMO implementation;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an implementation of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a transmit and receive pin definition for a radio frequency chip that is a BGA package, where the dark circles represent transmit pins and the light circles represent receive pins.
Fig. 4 is a wiring implementation of transmit 8 receive using two pieces of the chip assembly 4 of fig. 3.
FIG. 5 is a repeating layout format under the non-limiting most-edge grid that would increase the amount of computation and need to be removed.
FIG. 6 is a layout selection process under the definition of the most marginal grid.
Fig. 7 shows the antenna layout result of the preferred embodiment, where red TX is the transmitting antenna and green RX is the receiving antenna.
FIG. 8 illustrates the virtual array effect using MIMO in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the specific examples.
The MIMO antenna structure forms a multi-group matching relationship by multiple sending and multiple receiving, thereby realizing the effect equivalent to the traditional one-sending multiple receiving or one-sending multiple receiving. MIMO provides an implementation with a trade-off balance between transmit and receive antennas so that the corresponding radar system can freely choose the best solution for its performance and cost. For simple control and signal processing, equivalent arrays of MIMO systems are required to meet equal spacing. As shown in fig. 1(a), TX1 and TX2 are transmitting antennas and have a distance d/2; RX1, RX2, RX3, and RX4 are receiving antennas, the distance is d, the distance between TX2 and RX1 is L, the distance from a reference point to TX1 is a, the distance from the reference point to a target point is R, and by using the far-end approximation of electromagnetic waves, the wave path from the corresponding antenna to the reference point after passing through the target is known as:
rn,m＝2×R+sinα·(a+n·d/2+L+m·d)；
wherein n is 0 and 1 is the serial number of the transmitting antenna; and m is 0,1, 2 and 3, which is the number of the receiving antenna, and alpha is the angle formed by the connecting line of the target and the reference point and the normal of the plane where the antenna is located. The wave path lengths of TX1, TX2, RX1, RX2, RX3 and RX4 after sequential combination can be calculated by the above formula, and the combination can form a group of arithmetic series, which is equivalent to the effect of the combination of 1 transmitting antenna and 8 receiving antennas with the distance of d/2, as shown in fig. 1 (b). The angle alpha of the target can be solved by the FFT.
The invention mainly solves the problem that the area of the radio frequency board cannot be effectively utilized through an experience mode when a plurality of transmitting antennas and receiving antennas are arranged. Therefore, an optimized MIMO radar antenna array design method is provided, a computer is used for searching an equivalent array formed by a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna in a grid, and a required array arrangement form is found out through subsequent screening, so that the radar system is miniaturized and has high performance.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides an optimized MIMO radar antenna array design method, which comprises the following steps:
setting the grid number N of the MIMO radar antenna arrayg(ii) a Selecting one of the MIMO radar antennas as a reference antenna to be placed in the grid; selecting N from the remaining gridst+Nr-1 grid of remaining antennas forming an array, wherein NtFor the number of transmitting antennas, NrIs the number of receive antennas; and traversing all the arrangement forms, calculating equivalent antenna structures under all the arrangement forms according to the distance between each antenna and the reference antenna, and selecting the most appropriate arrangement form from the equivalent antenna structures.
In the embodiment, a better arrangement effect compared with an empirical layout can be found by means of the calculation of a computer, and the layout design difficulty when multiple MIMO (multiple input multiple output) antennas are more is solved.
Example 2:
on the basis of embodiment 1, in order to avoid antenna arraying with the same repeated calculation effect, in this embodiment, one antenna at an edge position (i.e., the leftmost or the rightmost) in the antennas is selected as a reference antenna, the reference antenna is placed at the edge position (i.e., the leftmost or the rightmost in the grid network) in the grid, and in the subsequent arraying process, grid movement is not performed on the antenna any more.
Example 3:
on the basis of the embodiment 1, the process of calculating the equivalent antenna structures under all the arrangement forms by adopting the following process is as follows: calculating the grid distance l from each transmitting antenna to the reference antennai(i＝1,2…Nt) Calculating the grid distance l from each receiving antenna to the reference antennaj′(j＝1,2…Nr) And calculating to obtain an Nt×NrMatrix array
Each element of the matrix A satisfies
And sequencing the elements in the matrix A, removing repeated elements to form a one-dimensional vector x, and calculating the equivalent antenna structure in the array form by using a dynamic programming algorithm according to the MIMO calculation rule.
Example 4:
as shown in FIG. 2, an optimized MIMO radar antenna array design method comprises the following specific steps:
And 3, setting the relative position relationship, namely an array arrangement rule, which can be realized by each transmitting antenna and each receiving antenna according to the pin definition of the radio frequency chip, the actual wiring rule of the radio frequency board card, other physical limiting conditions and other factors to reduce the complexity of calculation, simultaneously avoiding the antenna array arrangement which cannot be realized by calculation, and carrying out subsequent array arrangement on the antennas according to the expected relative position relationship to ensure the effectiveness and feasibility of the calculation.
According to the physical pin definitions of the rf chip, for example, which pins are transmitting pins and which pins are receiving pins, and the actual placement manner on the rf board (i.e. the same side as the antenna or the different side from the antenna), the relative position relationship between each transmitting antenna and each receiving antenna can be determined, i.e. the achievable arraying rule.
And 4, selecting one antenna at the edge position (namely the leftmost or the rightmost antenna) from the antennas as a reference antenna, placing the reference antenna at the edge position (namely the leftmost or the rightmost antenna in the grid network) in the grid, and not carrying out grid movement on the antenna in the later arraying process. Selection of Nt+Nr-1 grid placing the remaining antennas in the selected grid, calculating the grid distance l of each transmitting antenna to the reference antennai(i＝1,2…Nt) Form a row vector
At the same time, the grid distance l from each receiving antenna to the reference antenna needs to be calculatedj′(j＝1,2…Nr) Form a column vector
Then calculate vector atAnd
to obtain an Nt×NrMatrix array
Each element of the matrix A satisfies
Namely:
and 5, because the row vectors in the matrix A are ordered results already in calculation, a merging and sorting algorithm is used for rearranging all elements in the matrix A from small to large and deleting repeated elements, so that a new ordered one-dimensional vector x without the repeated elements can be obtained quickly.
And then calculating the maximum number of the equidistant array elements in the MIMO equivalent array, wherein the problem can be converted into the calculation of the longest arithmetic sequence of the one-dimensional vector x, the longest arithmetic sequence of arithmetic sequence can be efficiently obtained by using dp algorithm, the result is the number N of the array elements meeting the equidistant condition in the equivalent virtual array of the group of MIMO antennas, and the selected grid combination result is recorded when N is more than or equal to K.
And 7, formulating a screening strategy, and screening out a matrix arrangement form suitable for maximizing the processing difficulty and the equivalent aperture from all acceptable matrix arrangement results.
The invention mainly utilizes a rasterized antenna model to complete the layout of the MIMO antenna with the assistance of a computer, and because the calculation amount is large in the process of simulating the antenna layout, the calculation is accelerated by means of distributed calculation, parallel programming, Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) calculation and the like.
For ease of illustration, fig. 3 shows a pin definition for transmit and receive of an rf chip. According to the pin definition, if a MIMO array of 4 transmission channels and 8 reception channels is formed using two chips, a schematic diagram of an antenna layout form in which wiring can be realized is 8 patterns shown in fig. 4. The pattern (h) of fig. 4 is selected here as an illustration.
70 equally-spaced grids are set, and 12 of these grids are selected as the relative positional relationship of the antenna arrangement, as shown in fig. 5 (a). If the most marginal constraint is not set, the layout form of fig. 5(b) appears in exactly the same manner as the layout form of fig. 5 (a). To prevent duplicate calculations, it is assumed that the extreme edges of the antenna combinations are defined at the extreme edges of the grid and do not change, as shown in fig. 6. If the edge-most layout is not defined, then the total search volume for 70 grids is
And the total search volume in the limited mode of use is
The corresponding calculated amount is reduced by 82.9%, and the layout efficiency is improved.
According to step 4, grid No. 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13 is selected in fig. 6(a), and the positions of the transmitting antennas are 1,3,12,13 as can be seen from pattern h in fig. 4; the positions of the receiving antennas are 4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11, thus obtaining a row vector at＝[0,2,11,12]Sum column vector
And a matrix
The equivalent wave path difference is calculated as [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22], so the longest equidistant combination is [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12], [4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22 ]. The number of virtual rows of the equivalent maximum equal pitch of fig. 6(a) is 10. The calculation of fig. 6(b) is similar to that described above, resulting in a maximum equidistant virtual array number of 10. Changing the layout style will yield different results. If pattern (a) of fig. 5 is selected, the maximum equidistant virtual array number in fig. 6(a) is 12.
Using pattern h of fig. 5, the number of transmitting antennas N is set to 70 grid points t4, the number of receiving antennas NrFig. 7 and 8 show the result of antenna array obtained by the calculation of the present method, where fig. 7 shows the result of antenna array, and fig. 8 shows the equivalent virtual array effect after the combination of transmission and reception. The numbers in fig. 7 and 8 do not include units, but only indicate a relative relationship, and different physical values can be actually selected according to the required front-view angle range, for example, setting one of the intervals to be λ/2, etc. (where λ is the wavelength of the radio frequency signal). It can be seen from the figure that under the condition of 4-transmission and 8-reception, 28 equidistant virtual equivalent antennas can be realized, the aperture of the antenna is obviously increased, and a good arrangement effect is obtained.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An optimized MIMO radar antenna array design method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
setting the grid number N of the MIMO radar antenna arrayg；
Selecting one of the MIMO radar antennas as a reference antenna to be placed in the grid;
selecting N from the remaining gridst+Nr-1 grid of remaining antennas forming an array, wherein NtFor the number of transmitting antennas, NrIs the number of receive antennas; traversing all the arrangement forms, and calculating the equivalent antenna structures under all the arrangement forms according to the distance between each antenna and the reference antenna, wherein the process of calculating the equivalent antenna structures under all the arrangement forms is as follows: calculating the grid distance l from each transmitting antenna to the reference antennaiWhere i is 1,2 … Nt(ii) a Calculating the grid distance l from each receiving antenna to the reference antennaj', wherein j is 1,2 … Nr(ii) a And calculating to obtain an Nt×NrMatrix array
Sequencing the elements in the matrix A, removing repeated elements to form a one-dimensional vector x, and calculating an equivalent antenna structure in the array form by using a dynamic programming algorithm according to an MIMO (multiple input multiple output) calculation rule;
and selecting a matrix form suitable for processing and maximizing the equivalent aperture.
2. The optimized MIMO radar antenna array design method of claim 1, wherein one of all antennas at an edge position is selected as a reference antenna, and the reference antenna is placed at the edge position of the grid and is not changed.
3. The optimized MIMO radar antenna array design method according to claim 1, wherein the feasible relative position relationship between each transmitting antenna and each receiving antenna, namely the array arrangement rule, is set according to MIMO radar radio frequency chip pin definition and actual radio frequency board condition; selecting N from the remaining grids according to the arrangement rulet+Nr-1 grid.
4. The optimized MIMO radar antenna array design method according to claim 1, wherein for each array form equivalent antenna structure, if the maximum number N of equally spaced array elements is more than or equal to K, then the array form is recorded, wherein K is a set threshold value of the number of acceptable MIMO equally spaced array elements; and screening out the arraying form suitable for processing and maximizing the equivalent aperture from the recorded arraying forms.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of grids N isgShould satisfy Ng>Nt×Nr×2。
6. The optimized MIMO radar antenna array design method of claim 1, wherein the sorting is a small-to-large sorting of elements in the matrix A using a merge sorting algorithm.
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