CN108387639A - A kind of lossless detection method of multi-layer bonded component - Google Patents
A kind of lossless detection method of multi-layer bonded component Download PDFInfo
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- CN108387639A CN108387639A CN201810011200.5A CN201810011200A CN108387639A CN 108387639 A CN108387639 A CN 108387639A CN 201810011200 A CN201810011200 A CN 201810011200A CN 108387639 A CN108387639 A CN 108387639A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 116
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 5
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- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/048—Marking the faulty objects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/28—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details providing acoustic coupling, e.g. water
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0231—Composite or layered materials
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of lossless detection method of multi-layer bonded component, the detected pieces for detecting metal shell attenuating material layer composite layer composition, including：Detected pieces are detected from composite layer side by high-energy ultrasonic through transmission technique, determine defect, and be judged to do flaw labeling on the outside of fault location；Detected pieces are detected from metal shell side by multiple pulses bounce technique, determine the interface bonding quality of metal shell attenuating material layer, and do debonding defect label on the inside of being judged at debonding defect；Defect position is determined in conjunction with the label and hammering method of detected pieces medial and lateral.The present invention uses high-energy incentive technology, solves the problems, such as that ordinary ultrasonic detection method can not detect composite material prepared by high sound attenuation layer and winding process；In conjunction with from multiple pulses bounce technique and hammering method, solve the problems, such as that different depth defect cannot be distinguished in ultrasonic penetration method；It can be that reprocessing for detected pieces provides accurate position, reduce production cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ultrasonic non-destructive inspection techniques field more particularly to a kind of non-destructive testing sides of multi-layer bonded component
Method.
Background technology
The nacelle of supersonic aircraft has started using winding phenolic resin-base composite/cushion rubber layer/interior metal
The new structure of sheath multilayer adhesive member, the structure can mitigate the weight of nacelle, in addition, the outer layer wound composite of nacelle
Anti- heat effect can be played, protection inside part is not damaged by high temperature.But the structure in use can be by high temperature and high speed
The impact of air-flow load can substantially reduce composite material heat shield when composite material bonding quality is bad or inside has layering
Mechanical property, in some instances it may even be possible to cause composite material heat shield the serious consequences such as to fall off in flight course, causes a serious accident, because
This, it is necessary to its quality is detected using effective non-destructive testing technology.
Thickness >=5mm of wound composite in the component, rubber buffer layer thickness≤2mm, metal shell thickness >=
4mm.Component preparation process is：First, in metal shell outer surface adhesive rubber buffer layer；Secondly, on cushion rubber layer
Wound composite prepreg；Finally, the composite material temperature-pressure of component is cured.The inner surface of the member metal shell has
More boss and the twigs of the chaste tree, shape after molding is irregular tubular, and has metal shell-attenuating material layer and attenuating material
Two bonding interfaces of layer-composite layer, rarely have the non-destructive testing case of the class formation both at home and abroad.
Currently, domestic pure Filament Wound Composite structure is relatively conventional, defect generally use ultrasound detection therein it is lossless
Detection method.But the multi-layer bonded irregular element of metal shell-attenuating material layer-composite layer composition is using conventional
Supersonic detection method when will appear complex contour and be difficult to couple, the decaying of material acoustical signal is difficult to penetrate greatly, multi-layer bonded to be difficult to
The problems such as resolution, inner metal shell is difficult to detect greatly with rubber layer acoustic impedance difference.
Invention content
(1) technical problems to be solved
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve existing supersonic damage-free detection method to detect metal shell-attenuating material
When the multi-layer bonded irregular element of layer-composite layer composition, since complex contour is difficult to couple, the decaying of material acoustical signal is big
It is difficult to penetrate, it is multi-layer bonded to be difficult to differentiate and the problems such as inner metal shell is difficult to detect greatly with attenuating material layer acoustic impedance difference.
(2) technical solution
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of lossless detection methods of multi-layer bonded component, are used for
The detected pieces for detecting metal shell-attenuating material layer-composite layer composition, include the following steps：
S1, detected pieces are detected from composite layer side by high-energy ultrasonic through transmission technique, for penetrating wave amplitude less than scarce
The regional determination for falling into threshold value is defect, is being judged to do flaw labeling on the outside of fault location；
S2, the detected pieces are detected from metal shell side by multiple pulses bounce technique, determines metal shell-decaying material
The interface bonding quality of the bed of material for being judged to debonding defect at unsticking, and does unsticking on the inside of being judged at debonding defect and lacks
Fall into label；
S3, for the defective label in outside and the region that is marked without debonding defect of inside, be judged to attenuating material layer-composite wood
Bed of material interfacial detachment or composite layer layering, metal shell-attenuating material layer bonding interface are good；
For the defective region marked and inside has debonding defect to mark in outside, it is judged to metal shell-attenuating material layer
Interfacial detachment.
Preferably, the step S3 further comprises, for outside it is defective label and inside have debonding defect mark
The detected pieces are detected, it is determined whether there are attenuating material layer-composite materials in region by hammering method from composite layer side
Bed boundary unsticking or composite layer layering.
Preferably, in the step S1, the high-energy ultrasonic through transmission technique encourages ultrasonic wave including the use of high-energy incentive technology
Transmitting probe, wherein the first Ultrasound Instrument transmitting terminal used in the high-energy ultrasonic through transmission technique to be connected to the signal of burst transmitter
The signal output end of the burst transmitter is connected the ultrasonic wave transmitting probe, and the excitation arteries and veins emitted by input terminal
The period of punching is consistent with the frequency of ultrasonic wave transmitting probe；It is detected in the detected pieces using manual water-jetting ultrasonic penetration method
The remaining area in the detected pieces is detected in the region that tooling can reach with manual contact coupling ultrasonic through transmission technique.
Preferably, the step S1 includes：
S1-1, basic detection parameters are determined：Determine the basic detection ginseng of the first Ultrasound Instrument used in high-energy ultrasonic through transmission technique
Number；
S1-2, detection sensitivity is determined：The dB values of first Ultrasound Instrument are adjusted by the first reference block so that described
When first Ultrasound Instrument detects flawless region in first reference block, the height for leading directly to wave is 80%, described at this time the
DB values+the 3dB of one Ultrasound Instrument is detection sensitivity of the detected pieces in the thickness；Adjust the electronics of first Ultrasound Instrument
Gate, it is 20% to make defect threshold value；
S1-3, scanning simultaneously judge defect：According to after determination basic detection parameters and detection sensitivity to the detected pieces
Scanning is carried out, the percentage that the first Ultrasound Instrument height all over the screen is accounted for for penetrating wave amplitude is less than the region of the defect threshold value
It is judged to defect, and flaw labeling is done on the outside of the detected pieces.
Preferably, the step S2 includes：
S2-1, basic detection parameters are determined：Determine the basic detection ginseng of the second Ultrasound Instrument used in multiple pulses bounce technique
Number；
S2-2, detection sensitivity is determined：By the first reference block adjust second Ultrasound Instrument dB values and when base model
It encloses so that when second Ultrasound Instrument detects the unsticking region in first reference block, interface multiecho is corresponding
50% wave height is not less than 80%；When detecting the bonding region in first reference block, 50% wave height of interface multiecho
No more than 20%；50% wave height refers to that the wave height at five lattice of display screen level of second Ultrasound Instrument accounts for the display
Shield the percentage of height all over the screen；
S2-3, threshold value：It determines to sentence and hinders threshold value and boundary threshold, wherein sentence and hinders ranging from the 70%~90% of threshold value,
Ranging from the 30%~50% of boundary threshold；
S2-4, scanning simultaneously judge debonding defect：According to after determination basic detection parameters and detection sensitivity to the quilt
It examines part and carries out scanning, when 50% wave height of discovery interface multiecho is sentenced more than or equal to described in hinders threshold value, be determined as unsticking
Defect；
When finding debonding defect, by the probe of second Ultrasound Instrument from least four directions to the debonding defect from
It is mobile, with the boundary of the determination debonding defect, when 50% wave height of interface multiecho reaches the boundary threshold, by this
The acoustic beam central location determination of Shi Suoshu probes is the boundary of the debonding defect, and makees unsticking on the inside of the detected pieces and lack
Label is fallen into, is sequentially connected debonding defect label to obtain the profile of the debonding defect.
Preferably, in the step S1 and step S2, detection sensitivity is determined using the first reference block；
First reference block includes the first metal layer, the first attenuating material layer and the first composite layer, is adopted respectively
It is made of metal identical with the detected pieces material, attenuating material and composite material, technique for sticking is identical as the detected pieces；
The bottom surface of the first metal layer is plane, is equipped with bonding region and unsticking region；It is described in the bonding region
The first metal layer bottom surface is bonded first attenuating material layer and first composite layer successively；It does not glue in the unsticking region
It connects, for simulating the debonding defect between metal shell and attenuating material.
Preferably, in first reference block, the first metal layer is stepped, and the difference in height of two neighboring ladder does not surpass
3mm is crossed, and highest ladder height is more than the thickness of metal shell in the detected pieces, minimum ladder height is less than described
The thinnest part of metal shell in detected pieces；
When determining detection sensitivity, metal-back at the thickness of the first metal layer and the test point of the detected pieces is detected
The position that body thickness is identical or thickness difference is minimum.
Preferably, the hammering method in the step S3 includes：
S3-1, cavitation threshold is determined：It will hit against attenuating material layer in detector the second reference block of alignment and there is cavity
Fault location is detected from composite material side, is read the stress duration for tapping detector and showing, is denoted as cavitation threshold；
S3-2, detection simultaneously judge composite material layering or debonding defect：Area to be tested in the detected pieces is divided
For equal-sized grid, each grid is detected one by one respectively by the percussion detector, when the percussion detects
When the stress duration that instrument is shown is greater than or equal to the cavitation threshold, it is de- to be judged to attenuating material layer-composite material bed boundary
The layering of viscous or composite layer, and carry out flaw labeling.
Preferably, cavitation threshold is determined using the second reference block in the step S3-1；
Second reference block includes the second composite layer and the second attenuating material layer, is respectively adopted and is detected with described
Part material is identical and the identical composite material of thickness and attenuating material make, and technique for sticking is identical as the detected pieces；Described
Two attenuating material layers are equipped with the cavity dug and worn.
Preferably, the cavity is circle, and diameter range is 10~15mm.
(3) advantageous effect
The above-mentioned technical proposal of the present invention has the following advantages that：The present invention is determining that detected pieces may using ultrasonic penetration method
When the region of existing defects, ultrasonic wave transmitting probe is encouraged using high-energy incentive technology, ultrasound is encouraged by adjustable train of pulse
Wave transmitting probe obtains best emitted energy, and the ultrasonic signal of generation penetrates the decaying material of high sound attenuation in detected pieces enough
Composite layer prepared by the bed of material and winding process, asking for highly attenuating material can not be detected by solving ordinary ultrasonic detection method
Topic；The present invention is determined using ultrasonic penetration method in detected pieces after the position of existing defects, multiple in conjunction with what is detected from inside
Pulse reflection method and the hammering method detected from outside, distinguish the interfacial detachment of metal shell-attenuating material layer in defect area
With the interfacial detachment (or being layered in composite material) of attenuating material layer-composite layer, solves ultrasonic penetration method and cannot be distinguished
The problem of different depth defect；Lossless detection method provided by the invention can be that reprocessing for detected pieces provides accurate position, greatly
It is big to reduce production cost.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the step schematic diagram of the lossless detection method of multi-layer bonded component in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of high-energy incentive technology the first Ultrasound Instrument of excitation in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the step schematic diagram of multiple pulses bounce technique in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the step schematic diagram of hammering method in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the side view of the first reference block in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the bottom view of the first reference block in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the vertical section schematic diagram of spraying detection detected pieces in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the schematic cross section that coupled method detection detected pieces are contacted in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is another pumping signal schematic diagram that the first Ultrasound Instrument is encouraged in the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 10 is the structural schematic diagram of the second reference block in the embodiment of the present invention；
In figure：1：Detected pieces；2：Spraying is popped one's head in；3：Water spray set；4：Probe arm；5：Contact coupled method probe；
6：First Ultrasound Instrument；7：Burst transmitter；8：Ultrasonic wave transmitting probe；
11：The first metal layer, 12：First attenuating material layer, 13：First composite layer；14：Bonding region；15：Unsticking
Region；
16：Second composite layer；17：Second attenuating material layer；18：Cavity.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary skill people
The every other embodiment that member is obtained without making creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of lossless detection method of multi-layer bonded component provided in an embodiment of the present invention, for detecting gold
The detected pieces for belonging to shell-attenuating material layer-composite layer composition, include the following steps：
In step S1, detected pieces 1 are detected from composite layer side by high-energy ultrasonic through transmission technique, for penetrating wave amplitude
Regional determination less than defect threshold value is defect, is being judged to do flaw labeling on the outside of fault location.Outside herein is referred to
Side where composite layer.
As shown in Fig. 2, high-energy ultrasonic through transmission technique encourages ultrasonic wave transmitting probe 8 including the use of high-energy incentive technology, wherein
The signal input part that 6 transmitting terminal of the first Ultrasound Instrument used in high-energy ultrasonic through transmission technique is connected to burst transmitter 7, by train of pulse
The signal output end connection ultrasonic wave transmitting probe 8 of transmitter 7.And the period of the driving pulse emitted is visited with ultrasonic wave transmitting
First 8 frequency is consistent.High-energy incentive technology encourages ultrasonic wave transmitting probe 8 by adjustable train of pulse, to obtain best hair
Penetrate energy, the ultrasonic wave of generation penetrate enough the attenuating material layer of high sound attenuation and winding process in detected pieces 1 prepare it is compound
Material layer.
When detection, it can be reached using tooling in manual water-jetting ultrasonic penetration method (abbreviation spraying) detection detected pieces 1
Region, with the remaining area in manual contact coupling ultrasonic through transmission technique (referred to as contact coupled method) detection detected pieces 1.Ultrasonic wave is sent out
Various forms of probes can be used according to specific service condition by penetrating probe 8.
Preferably, step S1 includes：
S1-1, basic detection parameters are determined：Determine the basic detection ginseng of the first Ultrasound Instrument 6 used in high-energy ultrasonic through transmission technique
Number.Preferably, there are certain time intervals, such as 10 between train of pulse-4~10-2S, included week in each train of pulse
Phase number is 5~15, and when number of cycles is less than 5, the ultrasonic energy of excitation is low；When number of cycles is more than 15, the ultrasound of excitation
Wave jitter, it is impossible to be used in the voltage of detection, driving pulse is 200~500V.
S1-2, detection sensitivity is determined：The dB values of the first Ultrasound Instrument 6 are adjusted by the first reference block so that the first surpass
When sound instrument 6 detects flawless region in the first reference block, the height for leading directly to wave is 80%, at this time the dB of the first Ultrasound Instrument 6
Value+3dB is detection sensitivity of the detected pieces 1 in the thickness.First reference block is metal-attenuating material-composite material group
At multi-layer bonded part, layers of material is identical as detected pieces 1, it is preferable that the technique for sticking of each interlayer is also identical as detected pieces 1.
When determining the detection sensitivity of some test point in detected pieces 1, it should use and metal shell-attenuating material at the test point
The corresponding thickness of layer-composite layer trilaminate material is equal or the first reference block of thickness difference minimum.
The electronic gate for adjusting the first Ultrasound Instrument 6, it is 20% to make defect threshold value, and guarantee accurately judges defect.
S1-3, scanning simultaneously judge defect：According to after determination basic detection parameters and detection sensitivity carry out scanning, scanning
The ranging from whole region of detected pieces 1, the percentage that 6 height all over the screen of the first Ultrasound Instrument is accounted for for penetrating wave amplitude are less than defect threshold
The region of value is judged to defect, and does flaw labeling in 1 outside of detected pieces.
In step S2, detected pieces 1 are detected from metal shell side by multiple pulses bounce technique, determine that metal shell-declines
The interface bonding quality for subtracting material layer for being judged to debonding defect at unsticking, and is done on the inside of being judged at debonding defect de-
Viscous flaw labeling.Inside herein refers to the side where metal shell.
Preferably, as shown in figure 3, step S2 includes：
S2-1, basic detection parameters are determined：Determine the basic detection ginseng of the second Ultrasound Instrument used in multiple pulses bounce technique
Number.Preferably, frequency probe is 2.25~5MHz, wafer diameter≤10mm, scanning stepping≤5mm.
S2-2, detection sensitivity is determined：By the first reference block adjust the second Ultrasound Instrument dB values and when base range, make
When obtaining the unsticking region 15 in the first reference block of detection of the second Ultrasound Instrument, multiecho corresponding 50% wave height in interface is not less than
80%；When detecting the bonding region 14 in the first reference block, 50% wave height of interface multiecho is no more than 20%；50% wave
Height refers to that the wave height at five lattice of display screen level of the second Ultrasound Instrument accounts for the percentage of display screen height all over the screen.
First reference block is the multi-layer bonded part of metal-attenuating material-composite material composition, layers of material and detected pieces
1 is identical, it is preferable that the technique for sticking of each interlayer is also identical as detected pieces 1.Determine the detection spirit of some test point in detected pieces 1
When sensitivity, detection bonding region 14 should use and the metal shell at the test point-three layers of attenuating material layer-composite layer material
Expect that corresponding thickness is equal or the first reference block of thickness difference minimum, detection unsticking region 15 should use metal layer and the inspection
The first reference block that metal shell thickness at measuring point is equal or thickness difference is minimum.
S2-3, threshold value：It determines to sentence and hinders threshold value and boundary threshold, wherein sentence and hinders ranging from the 70%~90% of threshold value,
Ranging from the 30%~50% of boundary threshold.
S2-4, scanning simultaneously judge debonding defect：According to after determination basic detection parameters and detection sensitivity to detected pieces 1
Carry out scanning, when find interface multiecho 50% wave height be greater than or equal to sentence hinder threshold value when, be determined as debonding defect；
When finding debonding defect, by the probe of the second Ultrasound Instrument from least four directions to debonding defect from move, with
It the boundary for determining debonding defect will be in the acoustic beam that popped one's head at this time when 50% wave height of interface multiecho reaches boundary threshold
Heart location determination is the boundary of debonding defect, and makees debonding defect label in the inside of detected pieces 1, successively by debonding defect label
Connection obtains the profile of debonding defect.
In step S3, defect position is determined in conjunction with the label of 1 both sides of detected pieces.For outside it is defective label and it is interior
The region that side is marked without debonding defect is judged to attenuating material layer-composite layer interfacial detachment or composite layer layering, metal
Shell-attenuating material layer bonding interface is good；
For the defective region marked and inside has debonding defect to mark in outside, it is judged to metal shell-attenuating material layer
Interfacial detachment.
Preferably, step S3 further comprises, for outside it is defective label and inside have debonding defect mark region,
Detected pieces 1 are detected from composite layer side, it is determined whether it is de- that there are attenuating material layer-composite material bed boundarys by hammering method
The layering of viscous or composite layer.
As shown in figure 4, the hammering method in step S3 includes：
S3-1, cavitation threshold is determined：It will hit against attenuating material layer in detector the second reference block of alignment and there is cavity
It at lamination defect, is detected from composite material side, reads and tap the stress duration that detector is shown, be denoted as cavitation threshold.
Second reference block is the multi-layer bonded part of attenuating material-composite material composition, the material and thickness of layers of material
Degree is identical as detected pieces 1, it is preferable that the technique for sticking of interlayer is also identical as detected pieces 1.Wherein, second reference block declines
Subtract material layer and there is cavity 18, for simulating the attenuating material layer in detected pieces 1-composite layer interfacial detachment or composite material
Layer layering.It is further preferred that cavity 18 is circle, diameter range is 10~15mm.
S3-2, detection simultaneously judge composite material layering or debonding defect：Area to be tested in detected pieces 1 is divided into greatly
Small equal grid, it is preferable that the size for the grid that area to be tested divides is not more than 20*20mm.By tapping detector point
It is other that each grid is detected one by one, ensure whole area to be tested in detection detected pieces 1；When the stress that percussion detector is shown
When duration is greater than or equal to cavitation threshold, it is judged to attenuating material layer-composite layer interfacial detachment or composite layer point
Layer, and carry out flaw labeling.
As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, in the present embodiment, the first reference block includes the first metal layer 11, the first attenuating material layer
12 and first composite layer 13, metal identical with 1 material of detected pieces, attenuating material and composite material is respectively adopted and is made,
Technique for sticking is identical as detected pieces 1.
The bottom surface of the first metal layer 11 is plane, is equipped with bonding region 14 and unsticking region 15；In bonding region 14, first
11 bottom surface of metal layer is bonded the first attenuating material layer 12 and the first composite layer 13 successively；Unsticking region 15 is not bonded, and is used for
Simulate the unsticking between metal and attenuating material.When determining detection sensitivity, the thickness and detected pieces 1 of the first metal layer 11 are detected
Test point at metal shell thickness is identical or thickness difference is minimum position.
Preferably, as shown in figure 5, in the first reference block, the first metal layer 11 is stepped, the height of two neighboring ladder
Degree difference is no more than 3mm, it is further preferred that difference in height is 1~3mm, and highest ladder height is more than metal-back in detected pieces 1
The thickness of body, minimum ladder height are less than the thinnest part of metal shell in detected pieces 1, i.e. the altitude range of ladder includes quilt
Examine the thickness range of the metal shell of part 1.
In another embodiment, it is in the first reference block of ramped shaped, the first gold medal that can also use the first metal layer 11
Belong to the thickness even variation of layer 11, and altitude range includes the thickness range of the metal shell of detected pieces 1.It is obvious also possible to
Using local standard part identical with the shape, structure of 1 part of detected pieces as the first reference block, it is ensured that the first reference block
The region of the bonding good area and unsticking at metal shell different-thickness can be simulated.
Specifically, the present embodiment is to realize the irregular tubular wound composite multilayer of a diameter of 1.1m of minimum circumscribed circle
It is detected for the Acoustic detection of adhesive member, the multi-layer bonded component is multiple by metal shell-attenuating material layer-from inside to outside
Condensation material layer forms, wherein metal shell thickness range is 4~10mm, and nitrile rubber buffer layer (attenuating material) thickness is
1.5mm, glass fibre phenolic resin-base composite (composite material) thickness are 10mm.
As shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, it is detected using manual water-jetting ultrasonic penetration method and manual contact coupling ultrasonic through transmission technique tested
Whole region on part 1.Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram that spraying detects detected pieces 1, and wherein detected pieces 1 are in vertical section, on probe arm 4
Equipped with spraying probe 2, water spray set 3 is arranged on spraying probe 2, water spray set 3 is arranged at 1 both sides of detected pieces, detection, water spray
Method probe 2 is connect with burst transmitter 7, emits high-energy ultrasound signal.Fig. 8 is to contact showing for coupled method detection detected pieces 1
It is intended to, wherein detected pieces 1 are in cross section, and contact coupled method probe 5 is arranged at 1 both sides of detected pieces, detection, and contact coupled method is visited
First 5 connect with burst transmitter 7, emit high-energy ultrasound signal.
Specifically, spraying probe 2 and contact coupled method probe 5 are popped one's head in for equal low resistance, and frequency 1MHz can both be protected
It demonstrate,proves enough ultrasonic energies and penetrates detected pieces 1, ensure that higher detection sensitivity.
Basic detection parameters are determined in step S1-1.The a diameter of 10mm of water column used in spraying, contact coupled method institute
Probe wafer diameter is 10mm, and the scanning stepping of the two is 5mm, scanning direction and axial parallel, the stepping side of detected pieces 1
To circumferential parallel with detected pieces 1, ensure higher lateral resolution.
As shown in Fig. 2, in step S1, using Toneburst sinusoidal impulse strings transmitter 7, excitation in the present embodiment
The period of pulse is consistent with frequency probe, and single pulse string includes that the number of periodicity is set as 10, the electricity of driving pulse string
Pressure amplitude value is 400V.
In another embodiment, bipolar square wave train of pulse excitation ultrasonic wave transmitting probe 8 can also be used, used is double
Polarity square wave train of pulse is as shown in Figure 9, wherein the emitting voltage amplitude V of square wave train is no more than ultrasonic transducer chip breakdown potential
The half of pressure, cycle T=1/f of square wave train, f are ultrasonic transducer resonant frequency；Single square waves include bipolarity side
Periodicity N=10~20 of wave.
As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, specific in the present embodiment, the first metal layer 11 of the first reference block is stepped, phase
The difference in height of adjacent two ladders is 2mm.The height of ladder is 4mm, 6mm, 8mm, 10mm, ensures the height covering detected pieces of test block
1 thickness range.The first attenuating material layer 12 of 1.5mm thickness is bonded on the region of the plane half of the first metal layer 11,
The first composite layer 13 of 10mm thickness is bonded on first attenuating material layer 12, technique for sticking is identical as actual product, the first gold medal
The other half of category layer 11 is not bonded, and simulates the unsticking between metal and rubber.
In step S1-2, the detection sensitivity of the first Ultrasound Instrument 6 is determined by the first reference block.If in detected pieces 1
The metal thickness of test point is equal to 4mm, 6mm, 8mm or 10mm, using metal thickness at 11 thickness of the first metal layer and test point
The first equal reference block determines detection sensitivity, if the metal thickness of 1 test point of detected pieces not equal to 4mm, 6mm, 8mm and
10mm, i.e. first reference block of thickness difference minimum closest using 11 thickness of the first metal layer and test point metal thickness
It determines detection sensitivity, ensures the accuracy of detection sensitivity.
In step S1-3, scanning is carried out according to determining basic detection parameters and detection sensitivity, for being judged to lacking
Place is fallen into, in 1 outside of detected pieces, i.e., does defect mark on the outer surface of the irregular multi-layer bonded component of tubular wound composite
Note.
Step S2 includes the basic detection ginseng that the second Ultrasound Instrument used in multiple pulses bounce technique is determined in step S2-1
Number, specifically, the frequency probe used in the second Ultrasound Instrument is 5MHz, ensures high detection sensitivity；Wafer diameter is 10mm, is swept
It is 5mm to look into stepping, ensures good transverse resolution.
In step S2-2, detection sensitivity is determined by the first reference block, selects 11 thickness of the first metal layer and quilt
Identical first reference block of metal shell thickness in part 1 is examined, from 15 He of the metal side of the first reference block detection unsticking region
Bonding region 14, if the metal thickness of 1 test point of detected pieces is not equal to 4mm, 6mm, 8mm, 10mm, using the first metal layer 11
Thickness determines the sensitivity of detection with the first test block of the metal thickness difference minimum of test point in detected pieces 1, ensures detection spirit
The accuracy of sensitivity.
The detection sensitivity for adjusting the second Ultrasound Instrument is as follows：
A) the dB values of 15 the second Ultrasound Instrument of initial adjustment of unsticking region in the first reference block and when base range, make unsticking area
Corresponding 50% wave height of interface multiecho in domain 15 is equal to 80%；
B) under the premise of meeting a) requirement, the dB of 14 the second Ultrasound Instrument of fine tuning of bonding region in the first reference block
Value and when base range, make corresponding 50% wave height of interface multiecho be equal to 10%；
C) finely tune repeatedly dB values and when base range parameter, a) and b) required until meeting simultaneously.
The threshold value in step S2-3 is selected in the present embodiment and sentences that hinder threshold value be 80%；Boundary threshold is 40%, is ensured
The accuracy of testing result.
Scanning and judge debonding defect in step S2-4, according to after determination basic detection parameters and detection sensitivity into
Row scanning hinders threshold value when finding that 50% wave height of interface multiecho is greater than or equal to sentence, i.e., 50% wave height is greater than or equal to
When 80%, it is determined as debonding defect；When 50% wave height of interface multiecho is boundary threshold, i.e. 50% wave height is equal to 40%
When, it is determined as the boundary of debonding defect, and in the inside of detected pieces 1, i.e., the irregular multi-layer bonded structure of tubular wound composite
The inner surface of part is marked, and is sequentially connected label to obtain the profile of debonding defect.
The present embodiment judges metal-back using the height of metal shell-attenuating material bed boundary repeated ultrasonic reflected impulse
The bonding interface situation of body-attenuating material layer, due to being bonded the repeated ultrasonic reflected impulse in good region and unsticking region 15
Difference in height be amplified, be bonded good region and unsticking region 15 and be easy to distinguish, thus testing result have it is very high can
By property.
As shown in Figure 10, in the present embodiment, 16 thickness of the second composite layer of the second reference block is 10mm, and second declines
It is 1.5mm to subtract 17 thickness of material layer.When making the second reference block, excavate 1 Φ 15mm's in the second attenuating material layer 17
Behind hole, the second composite layer 16 is be bonded with the second attenuating material layer 17, and technique for sticking is identical as actual product.
Cavitation threshold is determined in step S3-1, be will hit against detector and is directed at the cavity 18 dug out in the second reference block
Place is detected from composite material side, is read and is tapped the stress duration that detector is shown, is denoted as cavitation threshold.
It is detected in step S3-2 and judges composite material layering or debonding defect, by the area to be tested in detected pieces 1
It is divided into the grid of equal-sized 15mm*15mm, each grid is detected one by one respectively with detector is tapped, is detected when tapping
The stress duration that instrument is shown be greater than or equal to cavitation threshold when, be judged to attenuating material layer-composite layer interfacial detachment or
Composite layer is layered, and carries out flaw labeling.
The present embodiment is actually detected to the progress of multiple batches of large-scale irregular wound composite multi-layer bonded component, as a result table
Bright, the method for the present embodiment, which can quickly detect the debonding defect in the multi-layer bonded component no more than Φ 15mm or be layered, to be lacked
It falls into, and can accurately determine the position that defect generates, meet product design and reprocess requirement.
The present invention, using high-energy incentive technology excitation ultrasonic wave transmitting probe 8, solves general when ultrasonic penetration method is detected
The problem of composite material that logical supersonic detection method can not detect the attenuating material layer of high sound attenuation and prepared by winding process；In conjunction with
The multiple pulses bounce technique detected from inside and the hammering method detected from outside, solve ultrasonic penetration method and different depths cannot be distinguished
The problem of spending defect；In addition, can be that reprocessing for detected pieces 1 provides accurate position, production cost be substantially reduced.
Finally it should be noted that：The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that：It still may be used
With technical scheme described in the above embodiments is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；
And these modifications or replacements, various embodiments of the present invention technical solution that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution spirit and
Range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of lossless detection method of multi-layer bonded component, for detecting metal shell-attenuating material layer-composite layer group
At detected pieces, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S1, detected pieces are detected from composite layer side by high-energy ultrasonic through transmission technique, is less than defect threshold for penetrating wave amplitude
The regional determination of value is defect, is being judged to do flaw labeling on the outside of fault location；
S2, the detected pieces are detected from metal shell side by multiple pulses bounce technique, determines metal shell-attenuating material layer
Interface bonding quality, for being judged to debonding defect at unsticking, and debonding defect mark is done on the inside of being judged at debonding defect
Note；
S3, for the defective label in outside and the region that is marked without debonding defect of inside, be judged to attenuating material layer-composite layer
Interfacial detachment or composite layer layering, metal shell-attenuating material layer bonding interface are good；
For the defective region marked and inside has debonding defect to mark in outside, it is judged to metal shell-attenuating material bed boundary
Unsticking.
2. the lossless detection method of multi-layer bonded component according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step S3 is into one
Step includes, and has the region that debonding defect marks for the defective label in outside and inside, by hammering method from composite layer one
Detect the detected pieces in side, it is determined whether there are attenuating material layer-composite layer interfacial detachments or composite layer to be layered.
3. the lossless detection method of multi-layer bonded component according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step S1,
The high-energy ultrasonic through transmission technique encourages ultrasonic wave transmitting probe including the use of high-energy incentive technology, wherein the high-energy ultrasonic is worn
The signal input part of the first Ultrasound Instrument transmitting terminal connection burst transmitter used in saturating method, by the letter of the burst transmitter
Number output end connects the ultrasonic wave transmitting probe, and the period of the driving pulse emitted and the ultrasonic wave transmitting probe
Frequency is consistent；The region that tooling can reach in the detected pieces is detected using manual water-jetting ultrasonic penetration method, uses manual contact
Coupling ultrasonic through transmission technique detects the remaining area in the detected pieces.
4. the lossless detection method of multi-layer bonded component according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S1 packets
It includes：
S1-1, basic detection parameters are determined：Determine the basic detection parameters of the first Ultrasound Instrument used in high-energy ultrasonic through transmission technique；
S1-2, detection sensitivity is determined：The dB values of first Ultrasound Instrument are adjusted by the first reference block so that described first
When Ultrasound Instrument detects flawless region in first reference block, the height for leading directly to wave is 80%, described at this time the first to surpass
DB values+the 3dB of sound instrument is detection sensitivity of the detected pieces in the thickness；Adjust the electronics lock of first Ultrasound Instrument
Door, it is 20% to make defect threshold value；
S1-3, scanning simultaneously judge defect：According to after determination basic detection parameters and detection sensitivity to the detected pieces carry out
Scanning, the percentage that the first Ultrasound Instrument height all over the screen is accounted for for penetrating wave amplitude are judged to less than the region of the defect threshold value
Defect, and do flaw labeling on the outside of the detected pieces.
5. the lossless detection method of multi-layer bonded component according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S2 packets
It includes：
S2-1, basic detection parameters are determined：Determine the basic detection parameters of the second Ultrasound Instrument used in multiple pulses bounce technique；
S2-2, detection sensitivity is determined：By the first reference block adjust second Ultrasound Instrument dB values and when base range, make
Second Ultrasound Instrument when detecting the unsticking region in first reference block, corresponding 50% wave height of interface multiecho
Not less than 80%；When detecting the bonding region in first reference block, 50% wave height of interface multiecho is no more than
20%；It is all over the screen that 50% wave height refers to that the wave height at five lattice of display screen level of second Ultrasound Instrument accounts for the display screen
The percentage of height；
S2-3, threshold value：It determines to sentence and hinders threshold value and boundary threshold, wherein sentence and hinders ranging from the 70%~90% of threshold value, boundary
Ranging from the 30%~50% of threshold value；
S2-4, scanning simultaneously judge debonding defect：According to after determination basic detection parameters and detection sensitivity to the detected pieces
Scanning is carried out, when 50% wave height of discovery interface multiecho is sentenced more than or equal to described in hinders threshold value, is determined as debonding defect；
When finding debonding defect, by the probe of second Ultrasound Instrument from least four directions to the debonding defect from move
It is dynamic, it will at this time when 50% wave height of interface multiecho reaches the boundary threshold with the boundary of the determination debonding defect
The acoustic beam central location determination of the probe is the boundary of the debonding defect, and makees debonding defect on the inside of the detected pieces
Label is sequentially connected debonding defect label to obtain the profile of the debonding defect.
6. according to the lossless detection method of the multi-layer bonded component of claim 1-5 any one of them, it is characterised in that：The step
In rapid S1 and step S2, detection sensitivity is determined using the first reference block；
First reference block includes the first metal layer, the first attenuating material layer and the first composite layer, be respectively adopted with
The identical metal of the detected pieces material, attenuating material and composite material are made, and technique for sticking is identical as the detected pieces；
The bottom surface of the first metal layer is plane, is equipped with bonding region and unsticking region；In the bonding region, described first
Metal layer bottom surface is bonded first attenuating material layer and first composite layer successively；The unsticking region is not bonded,
For simulating the debonding defect between metal shell and attenuating material.
7. the lossless detection method of multi-layer bonded component according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Described first pair is had a competition
In block, the first metal layer is stepped, and the difference in height of two neighboring ladder is no more than 3mm, and highest ladder height is more than institute
The thickness of metal shell in detected pieces is stated, minimum ladder height is less than the thinnest part of metal shell in the detected pieces；
When determining detection sensitivity, it is thick to detect metal shell at the thickness of the first metal layer and the test point of the detected pieces
Spend identical or minimum thickness difference position.
8. the lossless detection method of multi-layer bonded component according to claim 2, which is characterized in that in the step S3
Hammering method includes：
S3-1, cavitation threshold is determined：It will hit against detector and be directed at the defect that attenuating material layer in the second reference block has cavity
Place is detected from composite material side, is read the stress duration for tapping detector and showing, is denoted as cavitation threshold；
S3-2, detection simultaneously judge composite material layering or debonding defect：Area to be tested in the detected pieces is divided into greatly
Small equal grid respectively detects each grid by the percussion detector one by one, when the percussion detector is aobvious
The stress duration shown be greater than or equal to the cavitation threshold when, be judged to attenuating material layer-composite layer interfacial detachment or
Composite layer is layered, and carries out flaw labeling.
9. the lossless detection method of multi-layer bonded component according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：In the step S3-1
Cavitation threshold is determined using the second reference block；
Second reference block includes the second composite layer and the second attenuating material layer, is respectively adopted and the detected pieces material
Matter is identical and the identical composite material of thickness and attenuating material make, and technique for sticking is identical as the detected pieces；Described second declines
Subtract material layer and is equipped with the cavity dug and worn.
10. according to claim 8 or the lossless detection method of the multi-layer bonded component of 9 any one of them, it is characterised in that：It is described
Cavity is circle, and diameter range is 10~15mm.
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| CN109521094A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-03-26 | 湖北三江航天红阳机电有限公司 | One kind can ceramizable resin matrix composite material tiltedly fold winding product internal soundness acoustic resonance detection method |
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| CN111650217A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-09-11 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | Foam bonding quality detection method for variable-thickness foam sandwich member |
| CN111650217B (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2023-03-07 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | Foam bonding quality detection method for variable-thickness foam sandwich member |
| CN114113328A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-03-01 | 哈尔滨飞机工业集团有限责任公司 | Method for detecting debonding defect of aluminum panel and honeycomb glued joint |
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