CN108387500A - A method of to local pore structure quantitatively characterizing in aspherical particle accumulation system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of local pore structure quantitatively characterizing in accumulation system to aspherical particle.Pore structure (including size and shape) in initial fluff packing that the present invention forms different shape nonspherical particle under the effect of gravity and the final dense packing body formed in the case where applying external Mechanical shock conditions carries out quantitatively characterizing.Under the premise of no destruction entire accumulation system structure, by CT, successively scanning imagery numerical value builds the practical three-dimensional structure of build-up of particles body, calculates and characterize the local pore-size and structure of different height in various build-up of particles bodies by the program of independent development.The method of the present invention not only calculates accurately, and error is small, and can be applied in other different accumulation systems.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of local pore structure quantitatively characterizing in accumulation system to aspherical particle, belong to multiple
Miscellaneous shaped particle accumulation system partial bores gap size calculates and the field of structural characterization.
Background technology
Particle packing is whether all very important project in scientific research or in commercial Application.It can be by
Structure as research simple Liquid, amorphous state and amorphous material, and it is widely used in the differences such as material, metallurgy and chemical industry
Field.And in the problem of studying particle packing, local pore structure (including pore-size and shape) is one extremely important
Parameter because whether it can not only reflect the uniformity of entire packed structures, but also can be ground in a fabric construction
Study carefully the gas permeability, uniformity and intensity of entire accumulation body, this will play the role of highly important, such as smelting for industrial production
The gas permeability and intensity etc. of furnace charge in golden blast furnace.And in previous research, the local pore structure of entire accumulation system is studied,
It is most of all to concentrate in the packed structures of spheric granules, and in the accumulation system of the more complicated nonspherical particle of shape,
It is fewer and fewer specially to the research of its local pore structure (including pore-size and shape).Especially in these packed structures
Pore shape it is complicated, carry out that quantitatively characterizing is very difficult to it, hinder the progress of this respect.So to complicated shape
The quantitative analysis and research of local pore structure, have a very important significance in nonspherical particle accumulation body.
In the Physical Experiment of existing particle packing, it is difficult to quantitatively be divided the pore structure inside volume system
Analysis, this is caused by the complexity of pore shape and unpredictability.Although in some experimental studies, people it is also proposed that pair
The calculating of porosity in build-up of particles body, but whole process destroys the structure of accumulation system, and used in calculating be through
Test formula, it only gives the statistical information of distribution of pores, as a result with actually differ greatly.Importantly, it can not be to non-
Local pore structure carries out quantitatively characterizing in spheroidal particle accumulation body.In addition, in the prior art, for nondestructive technique,
2010, Jaoshvili etc. did finer Physical Experiment to the accumulation of positive tetrahedron particle, be using nuclear magnetic resonance at
As technology obtains each of entire accumulation system to the imaging inside structure of accumulation by the two dimensional image analysis of pair cross-section figure
The position of grain and orientation information, but both the local pore-size of particle packing system had not been solved, also not to hole
Complicated shape carry out quantitatively characterizing.
Invention content
(1) technical problems to be solved
In order to solve the above problem of the prior art, the present invention provides partial bores in a kind of accumulation system to aspherical particle
The method of gap structure quantitatively characterizing, this method is by Physical Experiment, while obtaining particle packing system, is not destroying entire heap
Under the premise of product system, quantitatively characterizing is carried out to the local pore structure of different height inside accumulation system.
(2) technical solution
In order to achieve the above object, the main technical schemes that the present invention uses include：
A method of to local pore structure quantitatively characterizing in aspherical particle accumulation system comprising following steps：
S1, accumulation aspherical particle forms initial accumulation in a reservoir, makes the height of the aspherical particle in container height
At the 1/2~3/4 of degree, the quality for weighing the aspherical particle being added to the container is m, and aspherical particle is obtained according to formula (1)
Granule number N, wherein mpFor the quality of a particle；
N=m/mp (1)
S2, the container of step 1 is fixed on the shake table of vibrating device, with smoothing plate gently by the table of particle stack
Face smooths, and reads particle packing altitude information respectively from five positions that container even circumferential is distributed, is obtained after being averaged
Initial piling height h1, the initial bulk density ρ of particle is calculated according to formula (2)Initially,
ρInitially=Vp/Vc (2)
Wherein, the Vp is the volume shared by particle, Vp=N × VParticle, Vc is the vessel space shared by corresponding accumulation system
Volume, Vc=SContainer bottom×h1；
It is vibrated under the frequency of setting and amplitude,
After S3, vibration stop, piling height h is read2, according to formula (3) bulk density calculated ρ,
ρ=Vp/Vc1 (3)
Wherein, Vc1=SContainer bottom×h2；
It is reloaded in container after particle is poured out, and repeats step S1-S3, wherein first shaken in the step S2
In the case of constant, change vibration frequency, obtain the bulk density under different frequency, frequency is constant later, changes amplitude, obtains
Obtain the bulk density under various amplitude, frequency；When bulk density maximum, it is denoted as optimal vibration parameter；
S4, imaging, shape are vertically scanned to the dense packing structure obtained under optimal vibration parameter using CT
At a series of two-dimensional section figures along short transverse；
S5, the CT scan image to each layer calculate the porosity ε of accumulation system according to formula (4),
ε=SHole/SContainer (4)
Wherein, the SHoleFor hole occupied area in CT scan image, the SContainerIt is cut for container in scanning imagery figure
The area in face.
Computational methods as described above, in step s 2, the time of the vibration is 250s~300s.
Computational methods as described above are divided into the mm of 0.5mm~1 in step s 4 between each layer.
Computational methods as described above in step s 5, including first determine black and white part in the CT images
Area, wherein inside container, black represents hole, and white represents particle, and the CT scan image is by several pixels
It constitutes, wherein a pixel is denoted as 1, there is total n stain on the CT scan image, is denoted as n, and external container
For stain, it is denoted as j, then SHole=n-j has m white point inside the container, is denoted as m, and chamber wall is also white point, is denoted as i,
Then SContainer=n-j+m-i, to obtain porosity ε=S of the corresponding number of pliesHole/SContainer, the hole of different height is then calculated again
Degree.Computational methods as described above, it is preferable that in step s 2, the frequency is 40Rad/s~210Rad/s, the amplitude
For 0.3 mm~2mm.
Computational methods as described above are suitable for the full particle that the aspherical particle is single size, and in CT instrument
It can be imaged on device, such as the solid resin material particle of nontransparent particle, grain, pellet etc..
(3) advantageous effect
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The quantitatively characterizing method of local pore structure in the aspherical particle accumulation system that the present invention is established, to obtaining
The initial accumulation of aspherical particle and the packed structures of dense packing in, under the premise of no destruction entire accumulation system,
Obtain the pore-size and shape of different height in accumulation body.It is accurate not only to calculate, and error is small, and can be applied to difference
In accumulation system.It realizes and utilizes nondestructive technique, i.e., do not destroy under the premise of total, to calculate in random pine row and with secret
In the accumulation system of row, the porosity of different height carries out changing rule of the research porosity with accumulation system height.This hair
Bright computational methods are easy, and the whole porosity calculated than conventional method is closer to actual value.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the influence of various amplitude and frequency to bulk density in embodiment 2；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the hydrostatic column CT imaging samplings of positive 20 area particles in embodiment 2；
Fig. 3 is the CT scan figure in Fig. 2 at A in embodiment 2；
Fig. 4 is the hole of different height in the initial accumulation and dense packing structure of regular dodecahedron particle in embodiment 2
Degree；
Fig. 5 be cone particle three-dimensional structure figures and initial accumulation and dense packing structure in, the hole of different height
Porosity.
Specific implementation mode
During the porosity in the system three-dimensional to one solves in the prior art, the whole-ρ of porosity ε=1 are usually used,
Wherein ε is system porosity, and ρ is bulk density, can only calculate whole accumulation system porosity size, but can not obtain inside not
With the practical porosity under height.CT scan imaging technique is used in the present invention, and internal different height is exported into several CT
Scanning imagery figure solves, i.e., by three-dimensional conversion two dimension, carries out the solution of porosity, i.e.,：ε=SHole/SContainer, every layer can be calculated
Bulk density, and in the computational methods of its porosity, all data can be measured actually, and error calculated is very
It is small, close to actual value.
It can be used for characterizing the partial bores for calculating grain accumulation, the accumulation of pelletizing furnace charge and powder compact etc. using the method for the present invention
Gap structure, to be better understood by the performances such as vent canopy, uniformity and intensity.It can be additionally used in agriculture project, study plant
Soil for growth porosity, the porosity for calculating rock wool, vermiculite illustrates the weight, loose or solid of matrix, accommodates empty
The amount size of gas and water, if situations such as being conducive to root growth.
In order to preferably explain the present invention, in order to understand, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, by specific implementation mode, to this hair
It is bright to be described in detail.
Embodiment 1
A method of to local pore structure quantitatively characterizing in aspherical particle accumulation system, include the following steps：
1) weighing, counterweight
Container in this cylindrical container is, it is specified that the amount for the particle being added every time is held at the 3/4 of container height
Place left and right, can make the high unity initially accumulated every time.Electronic scale measures total matter that particle should be added before experiment starts every time
M is measured, the granule number N=m/m of addition is then calculatedp, wherein mpFor the quality of a particle.
(2) it feeds, vibration
Particle is poured slowly into plexiglass box that is clean in advance and drying, initial accumulation is formed.By organic glass
Container is fixed on the shake table of 3D vibrating devices, is gently smoothed the surface of particle stack with plate is smoothed, and waits for that system is stablized
Particle packing altitude information is read respectively from five positions that container even circumferential is distributed afterwards, and initial heap is obtained after being averaged
Product height h1, the initial bulk density of particle is calculated with this.According to formula ρInitially=Vp/Vc, VpIt is the volume shared by particle, Vp
=N × VParticle, VcIt is the volume of the vessel space shared by corresponding accumulation system, Vc=SContainer bottom×h1.Then vibration frequency is transferred to
Prior preset value, amplitude are obtained by the eccentric wheel of the different degree of eccentricitys, and when starting vibrometer, and the time is 250s~300s.
(3) it reads, discharging
After vibration stops, the final piling height data h of particle is read and calculated2, calculate the build-up of particles after vibration
Density pInitially=Vp/Vc1, wherein VpWith initial accumulation, and Vc1=SContainer bottom×h2.After the completion of calculating, and by container from vibration
Platform unloads, and pours out particle and prepares next group of experiment.Under normal circumstances, in order to ensure the accuracy of experimental data, every group of experiment weight
It is multiple to find out average value three times, when the bulk density maximum finally obtained, it is denoted as optimal vibration parameter.
(4) CT scan
Dense packing structure is obtained to Optimal Control vibration parameters and carries out CT scan, image is obtained by CT machine continuous scannings,
In the vertical direction, it is each layer that scanning fault space, which is 0.5mm points, and the image resolution ratio of acquisition is 512 × 512, wherein each
A pixel represents the real area of 0.5 × 0.5mm.
(5) each layer porosity of accumulation system is calculated
The porosity of each layer of accumulation system is defined as ε=SHole/SContainer, wherein SHoleFor each layer two-dimensional ct scan image mesoporous
Gap occupied area, SContainerFor container internal area in same two-dimensional ct scan image.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment carries out on the basis of embodiment 1, and the aspherical particle that the present embodiment is selected is regular dodecahedron
Grain, is solid resin material, and the Physical Experiment of particle vibration accumulation densification is accurate in the amplitude and vibration frequency voluntarily developed
It is carried out in controllable three-dimensional machinery vibration experiment equipment, which has applied for Chinese invention patent, application No. is
201110108049.5, the material for the particle used in the present embodiment is adjacent benzene-type resin, each regular dodecahedron volume VParticle=
5cm3, the quality of a particle is mp=6.25g.
1. applying vibration, optimal vibration parameter is obtained
(1) weighing, counterweight
The amount for the regular dodecahedron particle being added every time is held at the 3/4 of container height, can make every time initial accumulation
High unity.Electronic scale measures the quality m that particle should be added before experiment starts every time, then calculates the granule number N of addition
=m/mp, mpFor the quality of a particle, by calculating, the icosahedron granule number of addition is N=1100.
(2) it feeds, vibration
Particle is poured slowly into the Plexiglas cylinder container cleaned and dried in advance, a diameter of 22.25cm is a height of
50cm forms initial accumulation.Plexiglass box is fixed on the shake table of 3D vibrating devices, with smoothing plate gently by particle
The surface of accumulation body smooths, and reads particle packing height respectively from five positions that container even circumferential is distributed after the system stabilizes
Degrees of data obtains initial piling height h after being averaged1, the initial bulk density of particle, ρ are calculated with thisInitially=Vp/Vc,
VpIt is the volume shared by particle, Vp=N × VParticle, Vc is the volume of the vessel space shared by corresponding accumulation system, Vc=SContainer bottom×
h1, finally obtain initial bulk density ρInitially=0.615.Then vibration frequency is transferred to prior preset value, i.e., first selects A=
The amplitude of 0.15mm, frequency is from 90Rad/s, when starting to vibrate, and starting vibrometer, time 250s.
(3) it reads, changes amplitude-frequency.
Vibration stops, and reads piling height h2, and bulk density calculated ρInitially=Vp/Vc1, wherein Vp and initially accumulation one
Sample, and Vc1=SContainer bottom×h2.After the completion of calculating, and container is unloaded from shake table, pours out particle, feed again.Amplitude not
Change vibration frequency in the case of change, obtains one group of data.In one group of amplitude, after the bulk densities of all frequencies all obtains,
After change amplitude, select A=0.3mm respectively, the amplitude of A=0.5mm, A=0.8mm, A=1mm are tested, and obtain difference
Bulk density under frequency, as shown in Figure 1.In order to ensure that the accuracy of experimental data, every group of experiment in triplicate, are found out average
Value.When the bulk density maximum finally obtained, it is denoted as optimal vibration parameter, as shown in Figure 1, work as amplitude A=0.5mm, vibration frequency
When rate ω=150Rad/s, maximum bulk density ρ=0.658 is obtained；
2.CT scanning imageries, and lossless calculating regular dodecahedron accumulates system porosity.
(1) CT scan
Initial accumulation to regular dodecahedron particle, as shown in Fig. 2, and the densification that is obtained under optimal vibration Parameter Conditions
Packed structures are scanned imaging at CT, and CT images are obtained by CT machine continuous scannings, in the vertical direction, between scanning tomography
It is divided into 0.5mm, the image resolution ratio of acquisition is 512 × 512, and wherein each pixel represents the practical face of 0.5 × 0.5mm
Product, as shown in figure 3, for the CT images at A in Fig. 2.
(2) each layer porosity of accumulation system is calculated.
According to porosity ε=S of accumulation systemHole/SContainer, wherein SHoleFor hole occupied area in a two-dimensional CT image,
I.e. such as the area of black in CT Circle in Digital Images container walls in Fig. 3, SContainerFor container internal area in a two-dimensional CT image, i.e.,
Entire circular area.The area of black and white part in CT images is determined first, wherein inside container, black represents
Hole, and what white represented is particle.Picture is defined first to be made of several pixels, wherein a pixel is denoted as 1,
There is total n stain on a figure, be denoted as n, and external container is also stain, be denoted as j, m white point is denoted as m, and chamber wall
For white point, it is denoted as i, SHole=n-j, SContainer=n-j+m-i, to obtain porosity ε=S on a picturesHole/SContainer, then
The porosity for calculating different height again, in Fig. 2 right figures, the CT scan sectional view of the accumulation system 15.6cm high of selection, wherein
The point of black is 120414, and the stain of external container is 61030, and white point is 89554, and the points of wherein chamber wall are
21748, SHole=120414-65430=54984, SContainer=120414+89554-65430-11748=132790, obtain ε=
0.414, porosity calculation is carried out to the CT sectional views of different height using this computational methods, to obtain each layer in system
Porosity, the results are shown in Figure 4.By data in figure, it will be seen that the average pore of dense packing structure will be less than initial accumulation,
This is because after applying vibration, system bulk density becomes larger, finer and close, and corresponding porosity is also becoming smaller.Pass through initial heap
Product and the accumulation of dense packing structure, can obtain packed structures stacking states to the end, such as Fig. 4 by the regularity of distribution of hole
In, wave is presented in the porosity of particle, it is known that lamination is presented in distribution of particles.
In initial accumulation, initial bulk density ρ=0.615, method using the present invention obtains different layers of
Porosity, i.e. 0.5mm take one layer, take n=500 layers altogether, according to calculate obtain each layer porosity adduction after divided by the number of plies
An average pore is can get, it is 0.3767 to calculate and obtain average pore, and whole-ρ=0.385 porosity ε=1.
In dense packing, dense packing density p=0.658, method using the present invention obtains different layers of
Porosity, i.e. 0.5mm take one layer, take n=500 layers altogether, according to calculate obtain each layer porosity adduction after divided by the number of plies
An average pore is can get, it is 0.3368 to calculate and obtain average pore, and whole-ρ=0.342 porosity ε=1.
The whole porosity results contrast of the average pore and the prior art that calculate through the invention, it may be verified that explanation
The result of calculation accuracy of the method for the present invention.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment selects this aspherical particle of cone, and calculates its porosity.Container used in it with
And operating process in embodiment 2 to regular dodecahedron particle packing.Apply vibration first, obtains optimal vibration parameter, and obtain
To initial accumulation and two kinds of structures of dense packing.Wherein, the volume V of cone particleParticle=4cm3, the quality of a particle is mp
=5g, bulk density ρ=0.598 of the initial packed structures of cone, optimal vibration parameter A=0.5mm, ω=150Rad/s
When, dense packing structure ρ=0.660.And to the initial accumulation of cone particle, and obtained under optimal vibration Parameter Conditions
Dense packing structure is scanned imaging at CT, and calculates the porosity of each layer, calculating process also in above-described embodiment 2
It is identical, and obtain the porosity of different height, specific data are as shown in figure 5, illustrate the computational methods of the present invention other
Aspheric particle packing system, can effectively obtain different height porosity, and entire packed structures are not destroyed also.According to Fig. 5 as a result,
It can be seen that the porosity of particle changes than shallower, it is known that, thus even particle distribution in accumulation system can get internal
The distributed intelligence of grain is local pore structure quantitatively characterizing information.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not the limitation for doing other forms to the present invention, appoint
What those skilled in the art can be changed or be modified as the equivalence enforcement of equivalent variations using technology contents disclosed above
Example.But it is every without departing from technical solution of the present invention content, according to the technical essence of the invention to appointing made by above example
What simple modification, equivalent variations and remodeling, still falls within the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method of local pore structure quantitatively characterizing in accumulation system to aspherical particle, which is characterized in that it includes
Following steps：
S1, accumulation aspherical particle forms initial accumulation in a reservoir, makes the height of the aspherical particle in container height
At 1/2~3/4, the quality for weighing the aspherical particle being added to the container is m, and of aspherical particle is obtained according to formula (1)
Grain number N, wherein mpFor the quality of a particle：
N=m/mp (1)
S2, the container of step 1 is fixed on the shake table of vibrating device, is gently comforted the surface of particle stack with plate is smoothed
It is flat, particle packing altitude information is read respectively from five positions that container even circumferential is distributed, and is obtained after being averaged initial
Piling height h1, the initial bulk density ρ of particle is calculated according to formula (2)Initially,
ρInitially=Vp/Vc (2)
Wherein, the Vp is the volume shared by particle, Vp=N × VParticle, Vc is the body of the vessel space shared by corresponding accumulation system
Product, Vc=SContainer bottom×h1；
It is vibrated under the frequency of setting and amplitude；
After S3, vibration stop, piling height h is read2, according to formula (3) bulk density calculated ρ,
ρ=Vp/Vc1 (3)
Wherein, Vc1=SContainer bottom×h2；
Reloaded in container after particle is poured out, and repeat step S1-S3, wherein in the step S2 first amplitude not
In the case of change, change vibration frequency, obtain the bulk density under different frequency, change amplitude later, obtains various amplitude, frequency
Bulk density under rate；When bulk density maximum, it is denoted as optimal vibration parameter；
S4, imaging is vertically scanned to the dense packing structure obtained under optimal vibration parameter using CT, forms edge
A series of two-dimensional section figures of short transverse；
S5, the CT scan image to each layer calculate the porosity ε of accumulation system according to formula (4),
ε=SHole/SContainer (4)
Wherein, the SHoleFor hole occupied area in CT scan image, the SContainerFor container section in scanning imagery figure
Area.
2. computational methods as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step s 2, time of the vibration be 250s~
300s。
3. computational methods as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step s 4, be divided between each layer 0.5mm~
1mm。
4. computational methods as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step s 5, including first determine in the CT images
The area of black and white part, wherein inside container, black represents hole, and white represents particle, the CT scan imaging
Figure is made of several pixels, wherein a pixel is denoted as 1, there is total n stain on the CT scan image, note
For n, and external container is also stain, is denoted as j, then SHole=n-j has m white point inside the container, is denoted as m, and container
Wall is also white point, is denoted as i, then SContainer=n-j+m-i, to obtain porosity ε=S of the corresponding number of pliesHole/SContainer, then calculate again
The porosity of different height.
5. the computational methods as described in any one of claim 1-4, which is characterized in that in step s 2, the frequency is
40Rad/s~210Rad/s, the amplitude are 0.3mm~2mm.
6. the computational methods as described in any one of claim 1-4, which is characterized in that the aspherical particle is single size
Full particle, and being capable of blur-free imaging on CT instruments.
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| CN201810183172.5A CN108387500A (en) | 2018-03-06 | 2018-03-06 | A method of to local pore structure quantitatively characterizing in aspherical particle accumulation system |
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| CN111932498A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-11-13 | 西南交通大学 | Quantitative characterization method for contact number in irregular-shaped particle accumulation system |
| CN113447502A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-28 | 河南工业大学 | Grain impurity content detection method |
| CN115639131A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-01-24 | 河南工业大学 | Bulk grain pile pore characterization method under different pressures |
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| CN115639131B (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-11-24 | 河南工业大学 | Bulk grain pile pore characterization method under different pressures |
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