CN108385644A - A kind of ground coefficient of volumetric expansion test method - Google Patents
A kind of ground coefficient of volumetric expansion test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108385644A CN108385644A CN201810097271.1A CN201810097271A CN108385644A CN 108385644 A CN108385644 A CN 108385644A CN 201810097271 A CN201810097271 A CN 201810097271A CN 108385644 A CN108385644 A CN 108385644A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of ground coefficient of volumetric expansion test method, the method includes：S1:Obtain the volume V of original state groundIt is former；S2:In the case where not changing water content, original state ground sample is disturbed, measures the volume V of sample after disturbanceIt disturbs；S3：Calculate coefficient of volumetric expansion k=VIt disturbs/VIt is former.This method simple possible, by acquiring original state ground sample in real time at the construction field (site), measure the volume of original state ground sample, sample is carried out after disturbing completely again, measure disturbance sample volume, the volume of the coefficient of volumetric expansion of ground=disturbance sample volume/original state ground sample, thus the ground coefficient of volumetric expansion can be fast and accurately calculated in time, more meet the actual conditions of construction site ground, the unearthed amount during earth excavation or shield-tunneling construction can be accurately extrapolated using the coefficient, so as to accurately construction budget.The coefficient of volumetric expansion accuracy that the method for the present invention calculates is far above empirical value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of test methods of the ground coefficient of volumetric expansion.
Background technology
During earth excavation or shield-tunneling construction, the amount of being unearthed often is calculated, is unearthed in the calculating process of amount and needs to use
This parameter of the coefficient of volumetric expansion, the coefficient of volumetric expansion is all by virtue of experience to obtain at present, such as by referring to the coefficient of volumetric expansion of similar ground,
Accuracy is relatively low, and practical amount of being unearthed is caused to have certain gap with the theoretical amount of being unearthed.The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of test sides
Method to the coefficient of volumetric expansion of ground accurately test and calculate.
Invention content
In order to solve the above problem of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of ground coefficient of volumetric expansion test method, this method
It is simple and practicable, by taking the ground sample of construction site, the coefficient of volumetric expansion of ground can be accurately obtained, for accurately calculating
Soil amount.
In order to achieve the above object, the main technical schemes that the present invention uses include：
A kind of ground coefficient of volumetric expansion test method, the method includes：
S1:Obtain the volume V of original state groundIt is former；
S2:In the case where not changing water content, original state ground sample is disturbed, measures the volume V of soil sample after disturbanceIt disturbs；
S3：Calculate coefficient of volumetric expansion k=VIt disturbs/VIt is former。
One embodiment according to the method for the present invention, in step S1, when tested ground is fine grained soil, with known volume
Container takes original state ground, records the volume V of original state groundIt is former。
Preferably, the container of the known volume is soil sampler.
One embodiment according to the method for the present invention in step S2, when to be tested ground be fine grained soil, uses measuring cup to measure institute
State the volume V of soil sample after disturbingIt disturbs。
Wherein, in step S2, when tested ground is fine grained soil, using hoe, rake, cutter or perching knife tool to original state rock
Soil sample is disturbed.
One embodiment according to the method for the present invention in step S1, when tested ground is coarse-grained soil, directly takes one
The hole of standard primitives shape measures the geometric dimension in the hole, records the volume in the hole, is recorded as VHole, use VHoleInstead of the original
The volume V of shape groundIt is former.Dosage dipstick metering goes out the hole of the standard primitives shape, such as the length, width and height in cuboid hole, cylinder bottom surface
Radius and high.
One embodiment according to the method for the present invention, the above method are particularly suitable for the coarse-grained soil of shallow embedding, certainly buried
Coarse-grained soil is also applicable, and only buried coarse-grained soil is needed through the sampling that digs a well, it is contemplated that cost and safety, the coarse grain of shallow embedding
Soil preferably obtains V by directly digging the hole of standard primitives shapeHole, and with VHoleAs VIt is former.If but buried coarse-grained soil is straight
It connects and takes acquisition original state ground and just seem that difficulty is larger, cost is higher, also not safe enough, be susceptible to hole of collapsing, necessary foundation pit branch
The problems such as shields etc., therefore fetch earth tool present invention preferably employs special and obtain original state ground.Normally, shallow embedding is defined as ground
Ground within face and below ground 2-3m, ground can be obtained easily on ground by standing；It is buried to refer generally to 3 meters of underground rock below
Soil, need to be by the special tool that fetches earth, and the special tool of fetching earth includes but not limited to drilling apparatus (drilling tool) and sand extractor etc..
One embodiment according to the method for the present invention when tested ground is coarse-grained soil, is taken in step sl with special
Soil working tool takes original state ground, and it is former to measure volume V；Specifically, when coarse-grained soil is sand, sand extractor known to section is used
Sand undisturbed is taken, before being poured out in sand extractor, dosage ruler measurement undisturbed sand volume V is former, records original state ground
Volume V it is former；When the coarse-grained soil is gravelly soil, original state is taken using sand extractor known to section and with natural plant gum core sample method
Sample core, then before being poured out in sand extractor, the volume V of dosage ruler measurement undisturbed core is former.Use the special tool that fetches earth
Original state ground is taken, can necessarily be caused when mainly directly taking in view of coarse-grained soil loosely, and the special tool that fetches earth (takes sand
Device or sand extractor dual-purpose plant are into core sample method) it can get original state ground.
Wherein, when tested ground is gravelly soil, natural plant gum core sample method is adopted using hoe, rake, cutter or perching knife tool
The undisturbed core taken is disturbed.
One embodiment according to the method for the present invention, in step s 2, when tested ground is coarse-grained soil, using length, width and height
Cylinder known to the cuboid known or bottom surface and height measures the volume V of soil sample after the disturbanceIt disturbs。
In this application, undisturbed soil：Usually be called and make original state ground sample, be under natural conditions keep natural moisture content and
The soil sample of natural structure.Using soil sampler take original state ground sample method be the prior art, including plunging, be driven into method and return
Turn to be driven into method.The selection of the diameter of soil sampler is related with soil layer property, is easy to the soil layer of disturbance for weak soil, loess etc., preferably adopts
With the soil sampler being relatively large in diameter, the soil layer of small (being not easy to disturb) is disturbed vice versa for sand and gravelly soil etc., can be used diameter compared with
Small soil sampler.The split spoon sampler that wall thickness is less than 6mm can be selected to general clay and old clay, and for soft clay
Area can be selected and be less than 20%, the soil sampler of wall thickness 3-4mm.Sand extractor and the soil sampler whether structurally and functionally basic phase of principle
Together, the object different from only applied.Soil sampler and sand extractor belong to the prior art.
When for hard gravelly soil or rock sample, due to structural brighter sense, it is preferred to use mechanical rotating drilling
Rotary plunging type soil sampler (the double-deck sampler).In addition, selecting natural plant gum guard aperture, the disturbance to ground can be reduced.Revolution indentation
Formula soil sampler is a kind of coring drilling side of the tubular soil sampler revolution lapping mode rock cutting under axial pressure effect
Method.
One embodiment according to the method for the present invention in step S2, when to be tested ground be fine grained soil, uses measuring cup to measure institute
State the volume V of soil sample after disturbingIt disturbs；When tested ground is coarse-grained soil, using cuboid known to length, width and height or bottom surface and highly
The cylinder known measures the volume V of soil sample after the disturbanceIt disturbs。
In this application, fine grained soil is often referred to granular mass of the grain size more than 0.075mm and is no more than the 50% of gross mass
Soil includes two kinds of silt and cohesive soil substantially.Particulate soil characteristics is original state ground to be kept when digging out, therefore can directly measure
Volume.
Silt：Plasticity index is equal to or less than 10 soil.
Cohesive soil：Plasticity index is more than 10 soil.
In this application, coarse-grained soil refers to 50% soil that granular mass of the grain size more than 0.075mm is more than gross mass, base
This includes two kinds of sand and gravelly soil (without erratic boulder, block stone).It is made of the large or fine granule to differ in size, and the largest particles can
Up to 1000mm or more, change of size range is very big, large or fine granule different from those great disparity.Coarse grain soil characteristics is meeting after directly taking
It necessarily causes loosely, is not original state, the volume measured is inaccurate, and COEFFICIENT K inaccuracy is calculated in sending for causing to calculate.
Sand：Geologically, the granular mass grain size more than 2mm is no more than the 50% of gross mass, and grain size is more than
The granular mass of 0.075mm is more than that the soil of gross mass 50% is known as sand, can be classified as gravelly sand, coarse sand, middle sand, fine sand, flour sand 5
Kind：Gravelly sand is 25%~50% sand that granular mass of the grain size more than 2mm accounts for gross mass；Coarse sand is that grain size is more than 0.25mm
Granular mass be more than gross mass 50% sand；Middle sand is that granular mass of the grain size more than 0.5mm is more than gross mass 50%
Sand；Fine sand is the sand that granular mass of the grain size more than 0.075mm is more than gross mass 85%；Flour sand is that grain size is more than
The granular mass of 0.075mm is more than the sand of gross mass 50%.
Gravelly soil：Granular mass generally by grain size more than 2mm is more than that the soil of gross mass 50% is known as gravelly soil, can be by it
It is divided into erratic boulder, block stone, cobble, rubble, circle gravel, 6 kinds of dust：Erratic boulder, block stone are that granular mass of the grain size more than 200mm is more than total
The gravelly soil of quality 50% (difference lies in different by rounding degree for the two)；Cobble, rubble are the particle matter that grain size is more than 20mm
Amount is more than the gravelly soil of gross mass 50% (difference lies in different by rounding degree for the two)；Circle gravel, dust are that grain size is more than 2mm
Granular mass is more than the gravelly soil of gross mass 50% (difference lies in different by rounding degree for the two).
In this application, natural plant gum core sample method：When referring to drilling, by " water and the bentonite used in traditional mud off
And the mixed liquors such as CMC " mud is substituted for the natural plant gum prepared by " bentonite, natural plant gum and soda ash aqueous solution ", with the plant
Glue can both be formulated directly into solid phase free flushing liquid as wellbore flushing liquid material, but also as a kind of thickening, drop dehydration and raising
The mud conditioner of lubrication drag reduction effect, can also be configured to the low solids mud, be suitable for different bad grounds.Natural plant gum has
Good rheological characteristic is conducive to wellbore stability and carries drilling cuttings, can significantly improve drilling speed, mitigate the abrasion of drilling tool；To broken ground
There is apparent closure on the leakage stratum such as layer, sandstone layer；Layer protecting film can be formed on rock sample surface when coring, can get higher
Core extracting rate, be suitable for various water-base muds.It is acted on by the adhesion of natural plant gum, can avoid coarse-grained soil (especially gravelly soil) etc.
It is in fluffy when directly directly being dug out, can get original structure shape core sample, to accurately obtains VIt is former。
In this application, it disturbs：Refer to digging out ground under natural conditions, so that it is become loose condition (of surface) basic to volume
The process no longer changed.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The present invention devises a kind of ground coefficient of volumetric expansion test method, this method simple possible, by real at the construction field (site)
When acquire original state ground sample, measure the volume of original state ground sample, then by metal tools such as hoe, rake or perching knives,
After original state ground sample is disturbed (coarse-grained soil is without additional disturbance processing) completely manually, disturbance sample volume, the pine of ground are measured
The volume for dissipating coefficient=disturbance sample volume/original state ground sample, thus can fast and accurately calculate the ground coefficient of volumetric expansion in time,
The actual conditions for more meeting construction site ground, during capable of accurately extrapolating earth excavation or shield-tunneling construction using the coefficient
Unearthed amount, so as to accurately construction budget.The coefficient of volumetric expansion accuracy that the method for the present invention calculates is far above empirical value.
Specific implementation mode
In order to preferably explain the present invention, in order to understand, by specific implementation mode, the present invention is described in detail.
The present invention provides a kind of ground coefficient of volumetric expansion test method, and the test method includes：
S1:Obtain the volume V of original state ground sampleIt is former；
S2:In the case where not changing water content, original state ground sample is disturbed, measures the volume V of soil sample after disturbanceIt disturbs；
S3：Calculate coefficient of volumetric expansion k=VIt disturbs/VIt is former。
According to different rock and soil properties, it is comprehensive to have both cost-effective, being easily achieved property, reliability, safety and accuracy etc.
It closes and considers, the specific method that original state ground is obtained in step S1 also can all differences.It will say according to specific embodiment below
It is bright.Wherein, disturbance can be using the perturbation tools such as hoe, rake or perching knife, artificial perturbation's sample or using a kind of testing equipment
Disturb sample.
It is the specific embodiment of the method for the present invention below.
Embodiment 1：The test of the fine grained soil coefficient of volumetric expansion
Instrument for testing：Perturbation tools, gage, the measuring cups such as soil sampler (known to section), hoe, rake or perching knife
Testing procedure：
(1) the original state ground sample for using soil sampler to take at the construction field (site), is poured out in original state ground sample from soil sampler
Before, the volume V of undisturbed soil is measured with gageIt is former≈1000mL。
(2) above-mentioned particulate soil sample is utilized into the perturbation tools such as hoe, rake or perching knife, disturbance original state ground examination at once
Sample；
(3) the volume V of disturbed sample is measured with measuring cupIt disturbs≈1210mL。
(4) coefficient of volumetric expansion k=V is calculatedIt disturbs/VIt is former, k=1.21.
Embodiment 2：The test of the coarse-grained soil coefficient of volumetric expansion of shallow embedding
Instrument for testing：Cylinder known to perching knife, gage, cuboid or bottom surface and height known to length, width and height
Testing procedure：
(1) hole for earthward digging about 1.5m is careful not to apply pressure to hole bottom, then lightly by certain journey
The earth pillar for spending the bottom hole 20cm of disturbance cleans up；In the selected place that will take soil sample of bottom hole, is flattened, used with perching knife or scraper
Gage marks the contour line of rule, determines the length, width and height in cuboid hole, a length of 0.5m, width 0.2m dig about 39 under contour line
The depth h of~41cm, the depth for measuring four sides are averaged hHole≈ 40cm calculate VHoleVolume=0.5m*0.2m*0.4m=
0.004 cubic metre, record VHole, and with VHoleAs VIt is formerIt substitutes into the formula for calculating the coefficient of volumetric expansion；
(2) coarse-grained soil specimen dug out is placed in cylinder known to cuboid or bottom surface and height known to length, width and height,
Measure volume VIt disturbs≈5100mL；
(3) coefficient of volumetric expansion k=V is calculatedIt disturbs/VIt is former, k=1.275.
In the present embodiment, it is no longer necessary to coarse-grained soil specimen is disturbed exclusively with perturbation tool, because shallow embedding
Coarse-grained soil is digged pit after taking-up, and the disturbance of coarse-grained soil specimen is inevitably resulted in.
Shallow embedding is defined as the ground within ground and below ground 2-3m, and tester station may compare on ground easily to be obtained
Original sample ground need not bore very deep sampled well.
Embodiment 3：The test of the buried sand coefficient of volumetric expansion
Instrument for testing：Sand extractor (known to section), gage, measuring cup
Testing procedure：
(1) when being drilled to the layer of sand of 5m depth, with the swinging sand extractor (the double-deck sampler) of mechanical rotating drilling
Sand is taken, original state sample is picked out, before being poured out in sand extractor, the volume V of original state sand is measured with gageIt is former≈
2100mL。
(2) directly volume V is measured with measuring cupIt disturbs≈2800mL.It also can be by being packed into water in measuring cup and reading liquid level, then
It will be submerged in measuring cup after original state sample sealing waterproofing membrane bag package, read again measuring cup liquid level, twice liquid level
Difference acquires VIt disturbs。
(3) coefficient of volumetric expansion k=V is calculatedIt disturbs/VIt is former, k=1.33.
In the present embodiment, it is no longer necessary to sand sample be disturbed exclusively with perturbation tool, because sand is from taking
The disturbance of sand sample is inevitably resulted in after being poured out in sand device.
It is buried to refer generally to 3 meters of underground ground below, it need to be by special fetch earth tool such as drilling tool and sand extractor etc..
Embodiment 4：The test of the buried gravelly soil coefficient of volumetric expansion
Instrument for testing and reagent：The perturbation tools such as gage, bentonite, natural plant gum, soda ash aqueous solution, perching knife, drilling tool, length
Cylinder known to cuboid or bottom surface and height known to wide height；
Testing procedure：
(1) natural plant gum drill-in fluid is prepared：Bentonite and plant are glued 8:3 ratio after mixing, is added and is made into
Stirred in soda ash aqueous solution 20 minutes can bentonites and natural plant gum mixture dosage be flushing liquor total amount 5-9%, soda ash
Dosage be plants of bentonite glue total weight 5%-6%, when preparation, it should be noted that slowly pour into blender, to prevent conglomeration.
(2) when being drilled to the crushed stone soil layer of 8m depth, make to replace traditional mud using the natural plant gum drill-in fluid of above-mentioned preparation
Retaining wall is starched, it can be that swinging is crept into take core, this method using drilling tool and natural plant gum core sample method, select original state holding
Best sample measures the volume V of original state gravelly soil with gage before being poured out in sand extractorIt is former≈3500mL.For irregular
The original state rubble earth sample of shape, it is difficult to acquisition more exact volume, it can be by being packed into water simultaneously in the container of known capacity
Liquid level is read, then will be submerged in measuring cup after original state rubble earth sample sealing waterproofing membrane bag package, read again container liquid
Face height, twice liquid level difference acquire VIt is former。
(2) perturbation tools such as above-mentioned original state rubble earth sample hoe, rake or perching knife are disturbed, after then disturbing
Gravelly soil is placed in cylindrical container known to known cuboid or bottom surface and height, is measured volume V and is disturbed ≈ 4500mL.
Then measuring cup can will be submerged by being packed into water in container and reading liquid level after original state sample sealing waterproofing membrane bag package
It is interior, measuring cup liquid level is read again, liquid level difference acquires V and disturbs twice.
(4) it calculates coefficient of volumetric expansion k=V and disturbs/V originals, k ≈ 1.29.
It is buried to refer generally to 3 meters of underground ground below, it need to be by special fetch earth tool such as drilling tool and sand extractor.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of ground coefficient of volumetric expansion test method, which is characterized in that the method includes：
S1:Obtain the volume V of original state groundIt is former；
S2:In the case where not changing water content, original state ground sample is disturbed, measures the volume V of sample after disturbanceIt disturbs；
S3：Calculate coefficient of volumetric expansion k=VIt disturbs/VIt is former。
2. a kind of ground coefficient of volumetric expansion test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S1, when tested
When ground is fine grained soil, original state ground is taken with the container of known volume, records the volume V of original state groundIt is former。
3. a kind of ground coefficient of volumetric expansion test method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the appearance of the known volume
Device is soil sampler.
4. a kind of ground coefficient of volumetric expansion test method according to claim 2 or 3, which is characterized in that in step S2, be tested
When ground is fine grained soil, the volume V of soil sample after the disturbance is measured using measuring cupIt disturbs。
5. a kind of ground coefficient of volumetric expansion test method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in step S2, be tested rock
When soil is fine grained soil, original state ground sample is disturbed using hoe, rake, cutter or perching knife tool.
6. a kind of ground coefficient of volumetric expansion test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S1, when tested
When ground is coarse-grained soil, by taking the hole of a standard primitives shape, the geometric dimension in the hole is measured, the body in the hole is recorded
Product, is recorded as VHole, use VHoleInstead of the volume V of the original state groundIt is former。
7. a kind of ground coefficient of volumetric expansion test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S1, when tested
When ground is buried coarse-grained soil, original state ground is taken with the special tool of fetching earth, and measure volume VIt is former, the special work that fetches earth
Tool includes drilling tool and sand extractor.
8. a kind of ground coefficient of volumetric expansion test method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that when coarse-grained soil is sand
When, sand undisturbed is taken using sand extractor known to section, measures the volume V of original state groundIt is former；When the coarse-grained soil is rubble
When native, undisturbed core is taken using drilling tool known to section and with natural plant gum core sample method, measures the volume V of undisturbed coreIt is former。
9. a kind of ground coefficient of volumetric expansion test method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that in step S2, be tested rock
When soil is gravelly soil, the undisturbed core that natural plant gum core sample method is taken is disturbed using hoe, rake, cutter or perching knife tool
It is dynamic.
10. a kind of ground coefficient of volumetric expansion test method described according to claim 6 or 7, which is characterized in that in step S2, quilt
When survey ground is coarse-grained soil, using cylinder known to cuboid known to length, width and height or bottom surface and height, the disturbance is measured
The volume V of soil sample afterwardsIt disturbs。
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| CN109267560A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-01-25 | 中交二航局成都城市建设工程有限公司 | A kind of soil body coefficient of volumetric expansion measurement device and method |
| CN110031604A (en) * | 2019-03-16 | 2019-07-19 | 驿涛建工股份有限公司 | A kind of ground efficient sampling device and its method of sampling |
| CN112903958A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-06-04 | 深圳市工勘岩土集团有限公司 | Method for measuring natural density and loose coefficient of soil layer |
| CN114033299A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-02-11 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Drilling method for improving broken formation rock |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109267560A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-01-25 | 中交二航局成都城市建设工程有限公司 | A kind of soil body coefficient of volumetric expansion measurement device and method |
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| CN112903958A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-06-04 | 深圳市工勘岩土集团有限公司 | Method for measuring natural density and loose coefficient of soil layer |
| CN114033299A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-02-11 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Drilling method for improving broken formation rock |
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