CN108384554B - Environment-friendly improved loess with loess foundation liquefaction resistance and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Environment-friendly improved loess with loess foundation liquefaction resistance and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108384554B CN108384554B CN201810144341.4A CN201810144341A CN108384554B CN 108384554 B CN108384554 B CN 108384554B CN 201810144341 A CN201810144341 A CN 201810144341A CN 108384554 B CN108384554 B CN 108384554B
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Abstract
The invention discloses environment-friendly improved loess for resisting liquefaction of a loess foundation and a preparation method thereof, wherein the improved loess is prepared according to the following mass ratio: 25% of fly ash, 2% of lignin and 73% of loess; wherein the loess is finely ground and sieved, and SiO in the fly ash2、Al2O3And the sum of the CaO content is not less than 75 percent, and the loss on ignition is not more than 10 percent. The preparation method of the modified loess comprises the following steps: 1) performing dry mixing on fly ash, lignin and loess according to the mass ratio in claim 1; 2) after being uniformly mixed, the mixture is mixed according to the mass ratio of water to mixed soil of 1: 6.5, uniformly stirring the improved soil and water; 3) controlling the degree of compaction to be 0.93 according to the maximum dry density determined by an indoor compaction test; 4) and (5) after compacting is finished, maintaining for not less than 28 days, and finishing the preparation of the modified loess. The invention utilizes the coal-fired power plant waste fly ash and the paper mill black liquor extract lignin as the improved materials for the anti-liquefaction treatment of the loess foundation, greatly reduces the cost of foundation treatment and has higher environmental protection benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to environment-friendly improved loess with loess foundation liquefaction resistance and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of rock-soil mechanics.
Background
Loess is a quaternary sediment with special properties, and the special structure of the loess determines that the loess has strong dynamic catastrophe characteristics and shows extremely high dynamic vulnerability. Meanwhile, the loess has strong water sensitivity, namely, the salt which generates the cementation between particles in the loess is easy to dissolve or can be dissolved in water, so that the loess shows the characteristic of softening when being saturated with water, namely, the shearing strength is reduced and is in a metastable state; under the action of earthquake, the pore water pressure rises, the effective stress is reduced to generate liquefaction disasters, and macroscopically, the phenomena are represented as ground settlement in a flat area and low-angle long-distance slippage in a hilly area. The existence of the loess liquefaction phenomenon and the fact of causing disasters are also proved from various angles by indoor tests, field blasting and engineering vibration tamping.
The foundation soil improvement treatment can effectively solve the problems of deformation and settlement of the building foundation and improve the stability of the building foundation. The improvement technology for bad foundation can be divided into three types of physical improvement, chemical improvement and comprehensive improvement according to the strengthening mechanism. The chemical improvement has the advantages of convenient construction and obvious improvement of the treated foundation strength compared with the physical improvement, and is closely concerned and widely applied in the treatment of the rock-soil foundation. However, the chemical improvement treatment method for foundation soil at home and abroad is proposed for sandy soil and silty soil mostly, and the special research for improving loess foundation involves few studies and is mostly a result of statics research. Research on chemical improvement treatment methods for loess foundation seismic resistance is limited to only a few research results in cement improvement treatment, boronization improvement treatment and silicification improvement treatment. Although the methods can improve the anti-seismic stability of the loess foundation to a certain extent, the methods all cause resource waste and environmental pollution, the treatment cost is relatively high, and the methods have great limitations when applied to general engineering.
In recent years, sustainable development of geotechnical engineering has become a new trend of field research, and exploring and developing a foundation treatment method with cost saving and environmental friendliness has become a hot topic. The fly ash is the main solid waste discharged by a coal-fired power plant, the particles are porous honeycomb-shaped, the specific surface area is large, the porosity is high, and the fly ash has high adsorption activity and strong water absorption. The lignin is a main component in pulping waste liquor of a paper mill, is an amorphous high polymer material with a huge network structure, has cohesiveness, water solubility, chelation and corrosion resistance, and can effectively improve the cementing property of discrete materials. The fly ash and the lignin are used as industrial waste residues and modifiers, so that the cost of building foundation treatment can be effectively reduced, the characteristics of local utilization of waste materials and environmental protection are achieved, and good economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits are achieved.
The existing research shows that the liquefaction potential of the saturated loess foundation can be reduced only to a certain extent by adopting the pre-soaking method, the compaction pile method and the cushion layer method, the gravel pile has obvious liquefaction resisting effect in the loess foundation, but the liquefaction resisting influence range is limited even if the diameter of the gravel pile is increased due to the low permeability of loess; the liquefaction resistance of the loess foundation can be improved by increasing the density of the foundation soil by using a dynamic compaction method, however, the liquefaction potential of the loess cannot be completely eliminated by using the dynamic compaction method because the loess liquefaction is closely related to the characteristics of particle components in the soil, the structure cementation and the like; the chemical grouting method strengthens cementation among loess soil particles through chemical slurry infiltration, changes the structure of the loess soil particles, not only improves the bearing capacity of the loess foundation, but also enhances the liquefaction resistance of the loess foundation, can completely eliminate the liquefaction potential of the saturated loess foundation as long as the treatment degree is enough, but is easy to cause environmental pollution cost and high in treatment cost; the acid modification treatment can effectively eliminate the liquefaction potential of the saturated loess foundation when the seismic intensity is less than VIII, but can not completely eliminate the liquefaction potential of the saturated loess foundation when the seismic intensity exceeds VIII; the cement improvement can completely eliminate the liquefaction potential of the saturated loess, but the treatment cost is high, and the resource waste is easily caused.
The research of the fly ash as the modified material of the loess is mostly the research result in the static aspect, the research related to the dynamics aspect is only limited to the dynamic characteristic of the unsaturated modified loess and the anti-subsidence treatment technology of the fly ash modification, and the research and the application are fresh in the aspect of the modification of the saturated loess. The lignin is used as an improved material for soil body reinforcement, and is mostly concentrated on improving silt and low-plasticity clay, only has the research results in statics, and has less research on the engineering properties of the lignin-modified loess, and the research on the dynamic characteristics and the anti-seismic stability of the lignin-modified loess is relatively rare.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the limitation of the yellow soil foundation treatment method in the aspect of treating the liquefaction shock damage of the saturated yellow soil, the invention selects the coal-fired power plant waste residue fly ash and the papermaking industrial waste lignin as the improved materials, integrates the economy, effectiveness and safety, and develops the yellow soil foundation liquefaction-resistant improved yellow soil with controllable cost, environmental protection and high efficiency and the preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an environment-friendly improved loess for resisting liquefaction of a loess foundation and a preparation method thereof, wherein the improved loess is prepared according to the following mass ratio: 25% of fly ash, 2% of lignin and 73% of loess; wherein the loess is finely ground and sieved, and SiO in the fly ash2、Al2O3And the sum of the CaO content is not less than 75 percent, and the loss on ignition is not more than 10 percent.
The preparation method of the modified loess comprises the following steps:
1) performing dry mixing on fly ash, lignin and loess according to the mass ratio in claim 1;
2) after being uniformly mixed, the mixture is mixed according to the mass ratio of water to mixed soil of 1: 6.5, uniformly stirring the improved soil and water;
3) compacting the modified loess according to the maximum dry density determined by an indoor compaction test, wherein the degree of compaction is controlled to be 0.93;
4) after compacting, maintaining at 20 + -3 deg.C and relative humidity of above 90% for at least 28 days to obtain the improved loess.
Compared with the prior art, the improved loess and the preparation method thereof have the following beneficial effects:
1. the earthquake resistance is effective: the coal-fired power plant solid waste fly ash and the paper mill black liquor extract lignin are used as improved materials for the anti-liquefaction treatment of the loess foundation, so that the liquefaction potential of the saturated loess foundation can be effectively eliminated;
2. the cost is controllable: the coal-fired power plant solid waste fly ash and the paper mill black liquor extract lignin are used as loess foundation improvement materials, the improvement materials are solid waste, the cost is controllable, the cost of foundation treatment is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the environment-friendly benefit is higher;
3. the method is environment-friendly: the coal-fired power plant solid waste fly ash and the paper mill black liquor extract lignin are used as loess foundation improvement materials, so that the pollution of the fly ash as the solid waste to occupied cultivated land, the lignin from the waste liquor discharge of the paper mill and the waste caused by the waste of the solid waste can be reduced, and the environment-friendly benefit is higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing a dynamic shear stress ratio σ of modified loess according to the present inventiond/2σ0' -graph of number of oscillations N;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the dynamic strain of modified loess according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the development of pore water pressure of modified loess according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a microscopic structure view of modified loess according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a microscopic structure of a plain soil according to the present invention;
wherein: 1-soil particles, 2-pores, 3-fly ash particles and 4-flocculent cementing materials.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
An environment-friendly improved loess for resisting liquefaction of loess foundation and its preparation method are provided, the improved loess is prepared by the following mass ratioAnd (3) configuration: 25% of fly ash, 2% of lignin and 73% of loess; wherein the loess is finely ground and sieved, and SiO in the fly ash2、Al2O3And the sum of the CaO content is not less than 75 percent, and the loss on ignition is not more than 10 percent.
The preparation method of the modified loess comprises the following steps:
1) performing dry mixing on fly ash, lignin and loess according to the mass ratio in claim 1;
2) after being uniformly mixed, the mixture is mixed according to the mass ratio of water to mixed soil of 1: 6.5, uniformly stirring the improved soil and water;
3) compacting the modified loess according to the maximum dry density determined by an indoor compaction test, wherein the degree of compaction is controlled to be 0.93;
4) after compacting, maintaining at 20 + -3 deg.C and relative humidity of above 90% for at least 28 days to obtain the improved loess.
Adding water into the modified loess prepared according to the proportion and the method to reach saturation, and obtaining the dynamic shear stress ratio sigma of the modified loess according to an indoor dynamic triaxial liquefaction testd/2σ0' -the number of oscillations N curve is shown in FIG. 1. In order to prove the anti-liquefaction effectiveness of the environment-friendly loess foundation anti-liquefaction improvement method, the dynamic shear stress ratio sigma of compacted plain soil (prepared according to the maximum dry density of the plain soil and the controlled compaction degree of 0.93) is shown in the figured/2σ0' -vibration times N curve, and calculating the anti-liquefaction performance of the modified loess and the compacted plain soil under different seismic intensity according to the Seed-Idris liquefaction discrimination method, as shown in Table 1.
Referring to fig. 1, an environment-friendly loess foundation anti-liquefaction modification method for modifying loess by using a dynamic shear stress ratio sigmad/2σ0' the improvement is more remarkable than that of the compacted plain soil, and the dynamic shear stress ratio sigma of the environment-friendly improved loess and the compacted plain soil is calculated when the vibration times are 10 times, 20 times, 30 times and 100 timesd/2σ0' found dynamic shear stress ratio sigma of environmentally friendly modified loessd/2σ0The improvement method is respectively improved by 2.17, 2.28, 2.32 and 2.64 times compared with the compacted plain soil, and shows that the liquefaction resistance of the environment-friendly loess foundation liquefaction resistance improvement method is obviously superior to that of a dynamic compaction method and compaction methodPile and other dense treating process.
TABLE 1 liquefaction discrimination results
According to the liquefaction potential judgment result in the table 1, under the action of a VII-degree earthquake, the compacted plain soil and an environment-friendly loess foundation liquefaction resistance improvement method are adopted, so that the improved loess does not liquefy; when subjected to VIII degree and IX degree earthquakes, the compacted loess liquefies, and an environment-friendly loess foundation liquefaction resistance improvement method is adopted, so that the improved loess does not liquefy. Thus, the modified loess has the effect of completely eliminating the liquefaction potential of the loess.
The dynamic strain curve of the modified loess is obtained according to the indoor dynamic triaxial liquefaction test, as shown in fig. 2. According to fig. 2, the dynamic strain of the saturated environment-friendly modified loess slowly increases along with the increase of the vibration frequency, the dynamic strain-vibration frequency curve is nearly linear, the maximum value of the dynamic residual deformation is only 0.143%, and is far less than 3% of the minimum dynamic residual strain for judging the liquefaction of the saturated loess foundation, namely the modified loess only generates tiny deformation under the action of power, and the liquefaction deformation resistance is excellent.
The dynamic pore water pressure development curve of the modified loess obtained according to the indoor dynamic triaxial liquefaction test is shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from fig. 3, the dynamic pore water pressure ratio of the saturated environment-friendly modified loess increases very slowly with the increase of the vibration frequency, and the maximum pore water pressure ratio is only 0.005, i.e., the pore water pressure hardly increases. Therefore, the improved loess has good capability of inhibiting the increase of the pore water pressure, thereby achieving the purpose of eliminating the liquefaction potential of the foundation.
The microscopic structure of the modified loess was observed by a scanning electron microscope, and a micrograph after enlarging 400 times under the mirror is shown in FIG. 4. In order to illustrate the physicochemical mechanism of the improved loess for resistance to liquefaction, a micrograph of compacted plain soil (prepared according to the maximum dry density of the plain soil, with the degree of compaction controlled to 0.93) enlarged 400 times under the mirror is shown in fig. 5 for comparison.
As can be seen from fig. 5, the compacted subsoil particles are more distinct, with less cementitious material between the particles, and the inlaid particles, although compacted, are predominantly point-contact, with more distinct overhead porosity. According to fig. 4, the environment-friendly modified loess has fine spherical, granular or flocculent attachments clearly visible on original particles due to the doping of the fly ash and the lignin, the overhead pores among the particles are damaged to a greater extent, the pores are obviously reduced, the cementite is obviously increased, the particles are mainly in surface contact, and a coagulum-shaped cementing structure is formed.
According to fig. 4, the physical and chemical mechanisms of the loess foundation improvement method for improving the liquefaction resistance of the loess foundation mainly include: (1) hydration reaction of the fly ash: the fly ash reacts with water to form hydration product calcium silicate hydrate (3 CaO.2SiO)2·3H2O) colloid and CaOH2And (4) crystals. At the same time, the soluble salts NaCl, KCl and Na in loess2SO4And Na2CO3Gradually dissolve under the action of immersion and dynamic load, wherein Na is contained in the solution2SO4And CaOH2The reaction produces CaSO which is insoluble in water4And further with the mineral Al in the loess2O3The reaction generates stable acicular crystal hydrated calcium aluminum sulfate (3 CaO. Al)2O3·CaSO4·12H2O), the calcium silicate hydrate colloid and the calcium aluminum sulfate hydrate crystals are attached to the surfaces of the loess particles and filled in the pores among the particles, so that the connection strength among the soil particles is enhanced, and the cohesive force and the stability of the soil body are increased; (2) ca in fly ash2+With Na in loess+、K+Ion exchange between: k in loess+、Na+Isocation can be substituted by Ca in fly ash2+The equivalent ion replacement is beneficial to the fine particles to form a flocculent structure, and the flocculent cementation formed by the small particles can greatly improve the dynamic stability of the soil body; (3) cementing effect of lignin on loess particles: the lignin has binding and chelating properties, can react with water to produce hydration and protonation reaction, thereby binding loess particles, and can reduce adsorption on the surface of loess particlesThe combination of the thickness of the water film reduces the distance between soil particles and increases the attraction force, thereby further improving the liquefaction resistance of the improved loess; (4) gap filling of fly ash and lignin: the fly ash particles are fine, and fine spherical and granular fly ash and flocculent lignin macromolecular substances are filled in pores among the loess particles, so that the compactness of a soil body is further increased, and meanwhile, a channel for pore water pressure transfer is blocked, and the obvious inhibiting effect on the pore water pressure transfer is achieved; (5) the increase of the fly ash active particles, the fly ash and the lignin flocculent cementing products greatly increases the specific surface area of the improved soil and enhances the adsorption effect on free water in the soil, thereby better inhibiting the increase of the pore water pressure in the improved soil body.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (2)
1. The environment-friendly improved loess for resisting liquefaction of the loess foundation is characterized in that the improved loess is prepared according to the following mass ratio: 25% of fly ash, 2% of lignin and 73% of loess; wherein the loess is finely ground and sieved, and SiO in the fly ash2、Al2O3And the sum of the CaO content is not less than 75 percent, and the loss on ignition is not more than 10 percent.
2. The method of preparing environment-friendly loess foundation anti-liquefaction modified loess as claimed in claim 1, wherein the modified loess is prepared by the following steps:
1) performing dry mixing on fly ash, lignin and loess according to the mass ratio in claim 1;
2) after being uniformly mixed, the mixture is mixed according to the mass ratio of water to mixed soil of 1: 6.5, uniformly stirring the improved soil and water;
3) compacting the modified loess according to the maximum dry density determined by an indoor compaction test, wherein the degree of compaction is controlled to be 0.93;
4) after compacting, maintaining at 20 + -3 deg.C and relative humidity of above 90% for at least 28 days to obtain the improved loess.
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| JP3467266B1 (en) * | 2002-09-17 | 2003-11-17 | 俊多 白石 | Prevention of ground liquefaction due to earthquake and facilities used for this method |
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| CN104155427A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2014-11-19 | 王平 | Low back pressure saturation method for loess liquidation experiment |
| WO2016130144A1 (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2016-08-18 | Integrated Traffic Systems, Inc. | Stabilizing soil |
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| CN101293750A (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2008-10-29 | 吉林大学 | Coal ash soil composite material for highway subgrade and preparation method thereof |
| CN101392525A (en) * | 2008-10-13 | 2009-03-25 | 西北大学 | Foundation treatment technology for eliminating loess liquefaction of railway and highway bed |
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