CN108383433B - Composite material for 3D printing, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Composite material for 3D printing, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108383433B CN108383433B CN201810345877.2A CN201810345877A CN108383433B CN 108383433 B CN108383433 B CN 108383433B CN 201810345877 A CN201810345877 A CN 201810345877A CN 108383433 B CN108383433 B CN 108383433B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00181—Mixtures specially adapted for three-dimensional printing (3DP), stereo-lithography or prototyping
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Abstract
The invention provides a composite material for 3D printing, a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of 3D printing materials. The composite material prepared by compounding the powder and the water material can obviously improve the thixotropy and the setting time of the printing material, effectively solves the problems that the existing cement-based material has poor thixotropy and slow setting time and cannot be applied to 3D printing, and meanwhile, the coal gangue is used in the powder to replace framework materials such as sand stones and the like, so that the waste is changed into valuable, and the cost of the 3D printing composite material is greatly reduced. The composite material for 3D printing can be widely applied to the field of 3D printing buildings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing materials, in particular to a composite material for 3D printing, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The 3D printing technology is an advanced manufacturing technology for realizing a three-dimensional entity by overlapping continuous physical layers and adding materials layer by layer, and has the characteristics of digitalization, networking, individuation and customization. The 3D printing technology is very similar to the common printing process, the information of the product can be designed in a computer in advance and then is printed by a machine, the difference is that the common printing ink is changed into materials such as plastics, fibers, powder and the like, and the materials are sprayed out through a giant nozzle and are overlapped layer by layer to form a solid product. The 3D printing technology has been well-established in aerospace, automotive, medical device and mold manufacturing industries, and is currently being applied to the construction field step by step.
The building or the wall body is manufactured by using the 3D printing technology, and the 3D printing composite material has two main basic requirements:
firstly, the material needs to have a certain thixotropy, namely, certain fluidity during the pumping movement but no fluidity in the static condition after being extruded by the extrusion head, and certain self-supporting capacity;
secondly, the material is required to have a relatively short setting time, and in the process of increasing the height of the printed wall, the lower material has strength after setting to support the self weight of the upper printed wall. The continuous construction of 3D printing buildings can be realized only by meeting the two aspects, and the efficiency is ensured.
The coal gangue is solid waste discharged in the coal mining process and the coal washing process, and is a black and gray rock which has lower carbon content and is harder than coal and is associated with a coal bed in the coal forming process. The large amount of stacked coal gangue not only occupies the land and affects the ecological environment, the gangue eluviation water pollutes the surrounding soil and underground water, but also the coal gangue contains certain combustible substances and generates spontaneous combustion under proper conditions, and harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, smoke dust and the like are discharged to pollute the atmospheric environment. In the prior art, because the coal gangue has certain viscosity, the coal gangue is often used for replacing a clay component to produce the common cement.
Therefore, by utilizing the characteristic that the coal gangue has certain viscosity, a composite material taking the coal gangue as a main raw material is researched and developed to be applied to the field of 3D printing, so that the thixotropy and the setting time of the printing material are further improved, and simultaneously, the waste is turned into wealth and a large amount of cement and fine aggregate are saved, which is necessary and urgent.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a composite material for 3D printing, which is prepared by stirring and uniformly mixing two components, namely powder and water, wherein the powder mainly comprises coal gangue, ash cement, a dispersing agent, polyvinyl alcohol and alkali-resistant glass fiber, and the water mainly comprises mixing water, acrylic emulsion and a water reducing agent. The composite material prepared by compounding the powder and the water material can obviously improve the thixotropy and the setting time of the printing material, and effectively solves the problems that the existing cement-based material has poor thixotropy and slow setting time and cannot be applied to 3D printing.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the composite material for 3D printing, which comprises the steps of firstly, respectively mixing the powder and the water material uniformly, and then, mixing the powder and the water material uniformly according to the ratio of 100: and (3) stirring uniformly in a mass ratio of 13-16, pumping into a 3D building printer, and extruding to obtain the composite material for 3D printing.
A third object of the present invention is to provide an application of a composite material for 3D printing, which can be widely applied in the field of 3D printing architecture.
The invention provides a composite material for 3D printing, which comprises two components of powder and water, wherein,
the powder material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 57.8-83.78% of coal gangue, 16-40% of ash cement, 0.01-0.1% of dispersing agent, 0.01-0.1% of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.2-2% of alkali-resistant glass fiber;
the water material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 99.2-99.84% of mixing water, 0.1-0.5% of acrylic emulsion and 0.06-0.3% of water reducing agent.
Further, the powder material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 63.9-79.78% of coal gangue, 20-35% of ash cement, 0.01-0.05% of dispersing agent, 0.01-0.05% of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.2-1% of alkali-resistant glass fiber;
the water material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 99.26-99.83% of mixing water, 0.11-0.44% of acrylic emulsion and 0.06-0.3% of water reducing agent.
Furthermore, the powder material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 69.16-74.78% of coal gangue, 25-30% of ash cement, 0.01-0.02% of dispersing agent, 0.01-0.02% of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.2-0.8% of alkali-resistant glass fiber;
the water material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 99.3-99.7% of mixing water, 0.2-0.4% of acrylic emulsion and 0.1-0.3% of water reducing agent;
preferably, the powder material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 71.46% of coal gangue, 28% of cement, 0.02% of dispersant, 0.02% of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.5% of alkali-resistant glass fiber;
the water material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 99.5 percent of mixing water, 0.3 percent of acrylic emulsion and 0.2 percent of water reducing agent.
Further, the mass ratio of the powder to the water material is 100: 13 to 16.
Further, the particle size of the coal gangue in the powder is 10-200 meshes.
Furthermore, the coal gangue with the particle size of 20-40 meshes accounts for 40-50% of the total mass of the coal gangue.
Further, the dispersing agent in the powder is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
Further, the water reducing agent in the water material is a sulfamate water reducing agent or a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
The invention provides a preparation method of a composite material for 3D printing, which specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, respectively and uniformly mixing the powder material and the water material, and then, mixing the powder material and the water material uniformly according to the ratio of 100: and (3) uniformly stirring the mixture according to the mass ratio of 13-16, pumping the mixture into a 3D building printer, and extruding the mixture to obtain the composite material for 3D printing.
The invention provides application of a composite material for 3D printing in the field of 3D printing buildings.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the composite material for 3D printing provided by the invention comprises two components of powder and water, wherein the powder mainly comprises coal gangue, ash cement, a dispersing agent, polyvinyl alcohol and alkali-resistant glass fiber, and the water mainly comprises mixing water, acrylic emulsion and a water reducing agent. The composite material for 3D printing prepared by compounding the powder and the water material can obviously improve the thixotropy and the setting time of the printing material, effectively solves the problems that the existing cement-based material has poor thixotropy and can not be applied to 3D printing due to slow setting time, and simultaneously uses coal gangue in the powder to replace framework materials such as sand stone and the like, thereby changing waste into valuable and greatly reducing the cost of the 3D printing composite material.
The preparation method of the composite material for 3D printing provided by the invention comprises the following steps of firstly, respectively mixing the powder and the water material uniformly, and then mixing the powder and the water material uniformly according to a ratio of 100: and (3) stirring uniformly in a mass ratio of 13-16, pumping into a 3D building printer, and extruding to obtain the composite material for 3D printing.
The composite material for 3D printing provided by the invention can be widely applied to the field of 3D printing buildings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a composite material for 3D printing, the composite material comprising two components, a powder and a water, wherein,
the powder material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 57.8-83.78% of coal gangue, 16-40% of ash cement, 0.01-0.1% of dispersing agent, 0.01-0.1% of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.2-2% of alkali-resistant glass fiber;
the water material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 99.2-99.84% of mixing water, 0.1-0.5% of acrylic emulsion and 0.06-0.3% of water reducing agent.
The components contained in the powder material and the water material in the composite material for 3D printing have the following functions:
wherein the powder comprises:
coal gangue: the coal gangue is used for replacing traditional fine aggregates such as sand and the like and part of cement, plays a role in framework or filling in concrete, and can reduce the cost and water consumption; meanwhile, the concrete admixture has the characteristic of certain viscosity, so that the mixing easiness of the concrete admixture can be obviously improved, and the pumpability of the concrete is enhanced.
Cement mortar: as a powdery hydraulic inorganic gel material, the water is added and stirred to form slurry which can be hardened in the air or better in water and can firmly glue materials such as sand, stone and the like together.
Dispersing agent: the dispersant is used for improving the dispersibility of cement and sand, greatly improving the plasticity and water retention of mortar, enabling the mortar to have pumpability, and simultaneously enabling the water retention to ensure that the mortar does not crack due to too fast drying after being output, thereby enhancing the strength after hardening.
Polyvinyl alcohol: the polyvinyl alcohol has the functions of an adhesive and an emulsifier, and can be used together with the dispersant in the invention to improve the flexibility and the water retention of the mortar and improve the caking property of the mortar. In addition, the friction of the mortar can be reduced, so that the working efficiency and quality are enhanced.
Alkali-resistant glass fiber: also known as AR glass fiber, has good alkali resistance. The invention can effectively resist the erosion of high alkaline substances in the mortar, and has the advantages of impact resistance, high tensile strength, non-combustion, frost resistance, strong temperature and humidity change resistance and the like. The designability and the formability of the 3D printing composite material can be obviously improved.
In the present invention, typical but not limiting contents of the coal gangue are: 57.8%, 63.9%, 69.16%, 71.46%, 74.78%, 79.78% or 83.78%.
In the present invention, the cement mortar typically, but not limitatively, comprises: 16%, 20%, 25%, 28%, 30%, 35% or 40%.
In the present invention, typical but non-limiting contents of the above-mentioned dispersant are: 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08% or 0.1%.
In the present invention, the above polyvinyl alcohol is typically, but not limited to, contained in the following amounts: 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08% or 0.1%.
In the present invention, the alkali-resistant glass fibers typically but not limitatively comprise: 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.5% or 2%.
Wherein, the water material contains:
mixing water: the mixture of water as main material is hydrolyzed or hydrated to become hydrate, which is connected via gravitation to form cement stone structure and thus has forming property.
Acrylic emulsion: the acrylic emulsion of the invention can play a good lubricating effect in water materials, can obviously reduce the water cement ratio, simultaneously enables cement and aggregate to form strong bonding, and further has the capability of preventing the growth of concrete microcracks through a polymer network.
Water reducing agent: the water reducing agent can reduce the mixing water consumption under the condition of maintaining the slump of concrete unchanged, has a dispersing effect on cement and coal gangue particles in mortar after being added into concrete mixture, and can improve the workability, reduce the unit water consumption and improve the flow property of the concrete mixture.
Typical, but not limiting, amounts of the above-mentioned blending water are: 99.2%, 99.26%, 99.3%, 99.7%, 99.83% or 99.84%.
In the present invention, typical but not limiting contents of the above acrylic emulsion are: 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% or 0.5%.
In the present invention, the water reducing agent is typically, but not limited to, in the following amounts: 0.06%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25% or 0.3%.
The composite material for 3D printing provided by the invention comprises two components of powder and water, wherein the powder mainly comprises coal gangue, ash cement, a dispersing agent, polyvinyl alcohol and alkali-resistant glass fiber, the coal gangue in the powder plays a role in framework or filling, and meanwhile, due to the characteristic of certain viscosity, the easy blending property of concrete mixture can be obviously improved, and the pumpability of concrete is enhanced; the ash cement as a gel material can firmly glue materials such as coal gangue and the like together; the polyvinyl alcohol and the dispersing agent can improve the flexibility and the water retention of the mortar and improve the caking property of the mortar; alkali-resistant glass fiber can obviously improve designability and the formability that this application 3D printed combined material.
The water material mainly comprises mixing water, acrylic emulsion and a water reducing agent, wherein the mixing water is used as a main body of the water material and is mixed with the powder to form a cement stone structure, so that the water material has formability; the acrylic emulsion can play a good lubricating effect in water materials, can obviously reduce the water cement ratio, and simultaneously enables cement and aggregate to form strong bonding; the water reducing agent can reduce the water consumption for mixing, has a dispersing effect on cement and coal gangue particles in mortar after being added into the concrete mixture, and improves the flowing property of the concrete mixture.
The composite material for 3D printing, which is prepared by compounding the powder and the water material in a specific ratio, can obviously improve the thixotropy and the setting time of the printing material, effectively solves the problems that the existing cement-based material has poor thixotropy and can not be applied to 3D printing due to slow setting time, and simultaneously uses coal gangue in the powder to replace skeleton materials such as sand stone and the like, thereby changing waste into valuable and greatly reducing the cost of the 3D printing composite material.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the powder material consists essentially of, in mass percent: 63.9-79.78% of coal gangue, 20-35% of ash cement, 0.01-0.05% of dispersing agent, 0.01-0.05% of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.2-1% of alkali-resistant glass fiber;
the water material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 99.26-99.83% of mixing water, 0.11-0.44% of acrylic emulsion and 0.06-0.3% of water reducing agent.
In the above preferred embodiment, the powder material consists essentially of, in mass percent: 69.16-74.78% of coal gangue, 25-30% of ash cement, 0.01-0.02% of dispersing agent, 0.01-0.02% of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.2-0.8% of alkali-resistant glass fiber;
the water material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 99.3-99.7% of mixing water, 0.2-0.4% of acrylic emulsion and 0.1-0.3% of water reducing agent;
preferably, the powder material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 71.46% of coal gangue, 28% of cement, 0.02% of dispersant, 0.02% of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.5% of alkali-resistant glass fiber;
the water material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 99.5 percent of mixing water, 0.3 percent of acrylic emulsion and 0.2 percent of water reducing agent.
According to the invention, the technical effect of the composite material for 3D printing is further optimized by further adjusting and optimizing the dosage proportion of the raw materials of each component.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the powder to the water is 100: 13 to 16.
As a preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of the powder to the water is 100: 13-16, namely, each ton of powder is mixed with 130-160 kg of water, and the composite material for 3D printing prepared by mixing and stirring according to the mass ratio can obviously improve the thixotropy and the setting time of the printing material, and effectively solves the problems that the existing cement-based material has poor thixotropy, and can not be applied to 3D printing due to slow setting time.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the particle size of the coal gangue in the powder material is 10-200 meshes.
In the preferred embodiment, the coal gangue with the particle size of 20-40 meshes accounts for 40-50% of the total mass of the coal gangue.
As a preferred embodiment, the coal gangue with the particle size of 20-40 meshes mainly serves as an aggregate and a filler in the composite material of the invention, and accounts for 40-50% of the total mass of the coal gangue, and the particle sizes of the rest coal gangue can be adaptively adjusted according to a target product to be subjected to 3D printing.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the dispersing agent in the powder is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water reducing agent in the water material is a sulfamate water reducing agent or a polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agent.
According to one aspect of the invention, a method for preparing a composite material for 3D printing specifically comprises the steps of:
firstly, respectively and uniformly mixing the powder material and the water material, and then, mixing the powder material and the water material uniformly according to the ratio of 100: and (3) uniformly stirring the mixture according to the mass ratio of 13-16, pumping the mixture into a 3D building printer, and extruding the mixture to obtain the composite material for 3D printing.
The preparation method of the composite material for 3D printing provided by the invention comprises the following steps of firstly, respectively mixing the powder and the water material uniformly, and then mixing the powder and the water material uniformly according to a ratio of 100: and (3) stirring uniformly in a mass ratio of 13-16, pumping into a 3D building printer, and extruding to obtain the composite material for 3D printing.
According to one aspect of the invention, a composite material for 3D printing is used in the field of 3D printing buildings.
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A composite material for 3D printing, the composite material comprising a powder material and a water material, wherein,
the powder material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 13 percent of coal gangue with the grain diameter of 100 meshes, 28 percent of coal gangue with the grain diameter of 40 meshes, 16.8 percent of coal gangue with the grain diameter of 10 meshes, 40 percent of cement, 0.1 percent of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 0.1 percent of polyvinyl alcohol and 2 percent of alkali-resistant glass fiber;
the water material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 99.2 percent of mixing water, 0.5 percent of acrylic emulsion and 0.3 percent of water reducing agent;
the preparation method of the composite material for 3D printing comprises the following steps: firstly, respectively and uniformly mixing two mixed components of powder and water, and then, mixing the powder and the water uniformly according to the ratio of 100: 15, stirring uniformly, pumping into a 3D building printer, and extruding to obtain the composite material for 3D printing.
Example 2
A composite material for 3D printing, the composite material comprising a powder material and a water material, wherein,
the powder material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 13.78% of coal gangue with the grain diameter of 100 meshes, 40% of coal gangue with the grain diameter of 40 meshes, 30% of coal gangue with the grain diameter of 10 meshes, 16% of cement, 0.01% of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 0.01% of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.2% of alkali-resistant glass fiber;
the water material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 99.84 percent of mixing water, 0.1 percent of acrylic emulsion and 0.06 percent of water reducing agent;
this example a composite material for 3D printing was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 3
A composite material for 3D printing, the composite material comprising a powder material and a water material, wherein,
the powder material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 23.9 percent of coal gangue with the grain diameter of 100 meshes, 30 percent of coal gangue with the grain diameter of 40 meshes, 10 percent of coal gangue with the grain diameter of 10 meshes, 35 percent of cement, 0.05 percent of dispersant, 0.05 percent of polyvinyl alcohol and 1 percent of alkali-resistant glass fiber;
the water material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 99.26 percent of mixing water, 0.44 percent of acrylic emulsion and 0.3 percent of water reducing agent;
this example a composite material for 3D printing was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 4
A composite material for 3D printing, the composite material comprising a powder material and a water material, wherein,
the powder material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 22.78 percent of coal gangue with the grain diameter of 100 meshes, 35 percent of coal gangue with the grain diameter of 40 meshes, 22 percent of coal gangue with the grain diameter of 10 meshes, 20 percent of cement, 0.01 percent of dispersant, 0.01 percent of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.2 percent of alkali-resistant glass fiber;
the water material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 99.83 percent of mixing water, 0.11 percent of acrylic emulsion and 0.06 percent of water reducing agent;
this example a composite material for 3D printing was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 5
A composite material for 3D printing, the composite material comprising a powder material and a water material, wherein,
the powder material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30% of coal gangue with the grain diameter of 100 meshes, 30% of coal gangue with the grain diameter of 40 meshes, 11.46% of coal gangue with the grain diameter of 10 meshes, 28% of cement, 0.02% of dispersant, 0.02% of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.5% of alkali-resistant glass fiber;
the water material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 99.5 percent of mixing water, 0.3 percent of acrylic emulsion and 0.2 percent of water reducing agent;
this example a composite material for 3D printing was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Experimental example 1
The thixotropic property and the setting time of the printing material can be obviously improved by the composite material for 3D printing, and the problems of poor thixotropy and slow setting time of the existing cement-based material are effectively solved. The composite materials for 3D printing prepared in examples 1 to 5 were tested for flowability (i.e., pumpability), setting time, and compressive strength, and the results are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the above table, the composite material for 3D printing has the advantages of good flow property, short setting time and high compressive strength. The composite material for 3D printing prepared in the embodiments 1-5 of the invention is detected by using a cement fluidity electric jump table (also called a cement mortar fluidity tester), 15 times of vibration is used as a basic test basis, and the slump range is 130-170 mm; the initial setting time of the 3D printed composite material prepared in the embodiments 1-5 is 10-30 min, the final setting time is about 35min, and the composite material has the characteristics of good cohesiveness, strong stability, early strength and high strength, and can fully meet the requirements of building 3D printing construction continuity and building strength; the composite material for 3D printing prepared in the embodiments 1-5 of the invention is subjected to strength detection, and the composite material for 3D printing can reach the compressive strength of 20MPa in 8h, 30MPa after 3 days and 40MPa after 28 days.
In conclusion, the composite material for 3D printing is mainly prepared by uniformly stirring and mixing two mixed components of powder and water, wherein the powder mainly comprises coal gangue, ash cement, a dispersing agent, polyvinyl alcohol and alkali-resistant glass fiber, and the water mainly comprises mixing water, acrylic emulsion and a water reducing agent. The composite material for 3D printing prepared by compounding the powder and the water material can obviously improve the thixotropy and the setting time of the printing material, effectively solves the problems that the existing cement-based material has poor thixotropy and can not be applied to 3D printing due to slow setting time, and simultaneously uses coal gangue in the powder to replace framework materials such as sand stone and the like, thereby changing waste into valuable and greatly reducing the cost of the 3D printing composite material.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A composite material for 3D printing, characterized in that the composite material consists of two components, a powder and a water, wherein,
the powder material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 57.8-83.78% of coal gangue, 16-40% of ash cement, 0.01-0.1% of dispersing agent, 0.01-0.1% of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.2-2% of alkali-resistant glass fiber;
the water material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 99.2-99.84% of mixing water, 0.1-0.5% of acrylic emulsion and 0.06-0.3% of water reducing agent;
the mass ratio of the powder to the water material is 100: 13-16;
the particle size of the coal gangue in the powder is 10-200 meshes.
2. The composite material for 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that said powder consists of, in mass percentages: 63.9-79.78% of coal gangue, 20-35% of ash cement, 0.01-0.05% of dispersing agent, 0.01-0.05% of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.2-1% of alkali-resistant glass fiber;
the water material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 99.26-99.83% of mixing water, 0.11-0.44% of acrylic emulsion and 0.06-0.3% of water reducing agent.
3. The composite material for 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that said powder consists of, in mass percentages: 71.46% of coal gangue, 28% of cement, 0.02% of dispersant, 0.02% of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.5% of alkali-resistant glass fiber;
the water material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 99.5 percent of mixing water, 0.3 percent of acrylic emulsion and 0.2 percent of water reducing agent.
4. The composite material for 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the coal gangue with the particle size of 20-40 meshes accounts for 40-50% of the total mass of the coal gangue.
5. The composite material for 3D printing according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the dispersant in the powder is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
6. The composite material for 3D printing according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water reducing agent in the water material is a sulfamate water reducing agent or a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
7. A method for preparing a composite material for 3D printing according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises in particular the steps of:
firstly, respectively and uniformly mixing the powder material and the water material, and then, mixing the powder material and the water material uniformly according to the ratio of 100: and (3) uniformly stirring the mixture according to the mass ratio of 13-16, pumping the mixture into a 3D building printer, and extruding the mixture to obtain the composite material for 3D printing.
8. Use of a composite material for 3D printing according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in the field of 3D printing buildings.
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