CN108380668A - A method of repairing the heavy metals in farmland pollution of lead-zinc-copper deposit area - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of methods of reparation lead-zinc-copper deposit area heavy metals in farmland pollution, this method is by Asiatic plantain and to close the alternating plantation of fruit taro in the agricultural land soil for the heavy metal pollution for having had the plant widely distributed, heavy metal is accumulated using its plant pair heavy metal lead, zinc and measuring copper characteristic absorption, and its major part is transported to above-ground plant parts, entire plant is gathered in before its maturation, prevent its root from remaining, and plant is subjected to ashing processing, heavy metal is extracted, to achieve the purpose that repair mining area heavy metals in farmland lead, zinc and Cu-W ore deposit.Since Asiatic plantain and conjunction fruit taro vitality are vigorous, biomass is big, Asiatic plantain grows suitable for nonirrigated farmland, closing fruit taro can wetland culture, the difference in season can be effectively avoided, therefore heavy metals mining area zinc, lead and the farmland of Cu-W ore deposit are quick, at low cost, reparative potential is big applied to repairing by Asiatic plantain and conjunction fruit taro.

Description

A method of repairing the heavy metals in farmland pollution of lead-zinc-copper deposit area

Technical field

The present invention relates to the recovery technique fields of heavy metal pollution in the farm environment of mining area, i.e., utilizing Asiatic plantain using a kind of With the farmland for closing fruit taro alternating plantation repairing heavy metal pollution, and in particular to a kind of reparation lead-zinc-copper deposit area heavy metals in farmland pollutes Method.

Background technology

In recent years, heavy metal pollution thing frequently occurs, and such as Japan Hg pollutes（Minamata disease）, Cd pollution（Itai-itai diseases）Deng, Rapid economic development, quality of life improve, and people pay close attention to the pollution problem of heavy metal very much.Heavy metal refers to that its atomic density is more than 5g/cm³A metalloid element, mainly have：Cr, Cd, Hg, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sn, Ag etc., there are about 40 kinds.Heavy metal contaminants, With easy accumulation, characteristic difficult to degrade, toxicity is big.Soil or water body are as heavy metal pollution major receptors, when heavy metal enters It can retain, accumulate and migrate after in soil, not only result in the reduction of soil degradation, crop yield and quality, and pass through diameter Stream and leaching polluted surface water and underground water, deteriorate hydrological environment, and may by being in direct contact, the approach danger such as food chain And the life and health of the mankind.Heavy metal enters soil or water body, and there are mainly three types of approach：Industrial pollution, communications and transportation, agricultural Pollution.Heavy metal pollution constitutes safely great threat, especially heavy metals mining area soil pollution to ecology and people's health. Therefore, heavy metals mining area soil pollution is prevented and is repaired, meaning is very great.

Currently, the reparation of heavy-metal contaminated soil mainly uses physics, chemistry and biology reparation.Phytoremediation is biology One kind in reparation, and international academic community research at present hot issue, and initially enter preliminary commercialization stage.Relatively It is at low cost, effect is good, application prospect is extensive, non-secondary pollution in other recovery techniques, and more ecology is had after reclaiming Benefit and aesthetic value can achieve the purpose that contaminated soil permanent cleanliness reparation, thus be acknowledged as environmentally friendly original position Green recovery technique.Phytoremediation includes mainly the modes such as plant extract, phytovolatilization, plant stability.Wherein, plant extract master If using the enrichment of growth naturally or super enriching plant absorption, transhipment and Enriching soil heavy metal to plant shoot, then Harvested the process for burning recycling heavy metal.The effect of the recovery technique depends on how to improve aboveground vegetation part biomass And content of beary metal, that is, it needs that the selection and breeding speed of growth is fast, biomass is big and can be enriched with or the one or more heavy metals of super enrichment Plant is the plant with reparative potential.

Enriching heavy metal plant has certain selectivity to heavy metal, i.e., it is general only to a heavy metal species have patience and Accumulation ability, and heavy metal pollution of soil is mostly several heavy-metal composite pollutions, with only to a kind of plant of heavy metal accumulation hardly possible To remove the multiple pollutant in soil comprehensively.Therefore, the huge sum of money that there is wide spectrum to heavy metal-polluted soil zinc, lead and Cu-W ore deposit is found The plant for belonging to patience and characteristic of accumulation, is various heavy phytoremediation technology of polluted soil urgent problem to be solved.

Invention content

Inventor has found Asiatic plantain and closes fruit taro pair in the research work for being engaged in Guangdong Province's heavy metals mining area pollution amelioration Heavy metal zinc, lead and copper in the widely distributed mining soil of the existing plant have significant patience and enriched character.Due to Asiatic plantain and close that fruit taro vitality is vigorous, and biomass is big, Asiatic plantain is suitable for nonirrigated farmland and grows, conjunction fruit taro can wetland culture, can have Therefore the difference for avoiding season of effect by Asiatic plantain and closes fruit taro applied to the agriculture for repairing heavy metals mining area zinc, lead and Cu-W ore deposit Field is quick, at low cost, reparative potential is big.

For achieving the above object, technical scheme is as follows：

By Asiatic plantain and the alternating plantation of fruit taro is closed in the farmland of heavy metal zinc, lead and Cu-W ore deposit, using it to heavy metal zinc, lead Heavy metal is accumulated with measuring copper characteristic absorption, above-ground plant parts is gathered in before its seed maturity, and carry out ashing processing, Extract heavy metal zinc, lead and copper, to realize to had Asiatic plantain and close the widely distributed heavy metals mining area zinc of fruit taro, lead and The farmland of Cu-W ore deposit is repaired, and Different Zinc, lead and copper concentration have the low work for promoting high suppression to Asiatic plantain and the growth for closing fruit taro With plant height, root long, stem biomass and Leaf biomass are first increased with the concentration for the treatment of increase of heavy metal and reduced afterwards, wherein vehicle Preceding grass is respectively 0-1000mgkg-1,0-1300mgkg-1,0- to the tolerance range of zinc, lead and copper in polluted farmland soil 450mgkg-1, and work as a concentration of 750 mgkg-1 of ZINC IN SOIL, lead concentration is 900 mgkg-1, copper concentration 200 Its energy normal growth when mgkg-1, and metal cumulant reaches highest.

Further, the Asiatic plantain and close fruit taro alternately plantation implantation methods be directly sow, i.e., by Asiatic plantain with It closes fruit taro seed to be directly seeded in the farmland of heavy metal zinc, lead and Cu-W ore deposit, spacing in the rows 20cm, in Asiatic plantain and closes the growth of fruit taro In period, in 6 leaf periods and tillering stage, respectively fertilising is primary respectively, is urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride using fertilizer, twice Fertilising ensures to apply purity nitrogen 120kg/hm2,30 kg/hm2 of pure phosphorus and pure potassium 40kg/hm2 altogether, and monthly pours water twice.

Further, in a certain range heavy metal zinc, lead and copper concentration, Asiatic plantain and conjunction fruit taro can be inhaled by self mechanism It receives the heavy metal in rhizosphere soil and is shifted to overground part, under different Pb, Zn, Cu concentration for the treatment of, the concentration coefficient of Asiatic plantain is equal More than 1；Under same difference Pb, Zn, Cu concentration for the treatment of, the concentration coefficient for closing fruit taro is also all higher than 1, therefore Asiatic plantain and conjunction fruit taro Heavy metal can be absorbed by self mechanism, reduce rhizosphere soil zinc, lead and copper effective quantity and full dose, this machining function with Zinc, lead and copper content increase and gradually increase in rhizospheric environment, itself escape injury to protect.

Further, entire plant is gathered in before its maturation, is prevented its root from remaining, and carry out ashing processing to it, is carried It takes heavy metal zinc, lead and copper, alternating to plant, efficiently uses calendar variation, to realize to having had Asiatic plantain and conjunction fruit taro wide It is repaired in the farmland of the heavy metals mining area zinc of general distribution, lead and Cu-W ore deposit.

Specific implementation mode

1 mining soil repairing test of embodiment

By the Asiatic plantain acquired from the mining area, closing fruit taro, alternately plantation divides in mining soil heavy metal zinc, lead and copper average content 20 rows Wei not be planted altogether, often 20 plants of row in the tailing slag soil of 526mgkg-1,650 mgkg-1 and 225mgkg-1, Spacing in the rows 20cm, in 6 leaf periods and tillering stage, respectively fertilising is primary respectively, is urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride using fertilizer, applies It is urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride with fertilizer, fertilising twice ensures to apply purity nitrogen 120kg/hm2,30 kg/hm2 of pure phosphorus and pure altogether Potassium 40kg/hm2, and monthly pour water twice.Entire plant is gathered in before its maturation, and ashing processing is carried out to it.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of method for repairing the heavy metals in farmland pollution of lead-zinc-copper deposit area, it is characterised in that：By Asiatic plantain and close fruit taro alternating It plants in the farmland of heavy metal zinc, lead and Cu-W ore deposit, weight is accumulated to heavy metal zinc, lead and measuring copper characteristic absorption using it Metal gathers in above-ground plant parts before its seed maturity, and carries out ashing processing, extraction heavy metal zinc, lead and copper, to Realize that the farmland to the heavy metals mining area zinc, lead and the Cu-W ore deposit that have had Asiatic plantain widely distributed with fruit taro is closed is repaired, no Same zinc, lead and copper concentration have the function of the high suppression of low rush, plant height, root long, stem biomass to Asiatic plantain and the growth for closing fruit taro First increased with the concentration for the treatment of increase of heavy metal with Leaf biomass reduces afterwards, wherein Asiatic plantain to zinc in polluted farmland soil, The tolerance range of lead and copper is respectively 0-1000mgkg-1,0-1300mgkg-1,0-450mgkg-1, and when in soil Zinc concentration is 750 mgkg-1, and lead concentration is 900 mgkg-1, its energy normal growth when copper concentration is 200 mgkg-1, And metal cumulant reaches highest.

2. a kind of method for repairing the heavy metals in farmland pollution of lead-zinc-copper deposit area according to claim 1, it is characterised in that： Alternately the implantation methods of plantation are directly to sow to the Asiatic plantain and conjunction fruit taro, i.e., directly broadcast Asiatic plantain with fruit taro seed is closed Kind is in the farmland of heavy metal zinc, lead and Cu-W ore deposit, spacing in the rows 20cm, in Asiatic plantain and in closing fruit taro growth cycle, respectively at 6 Leaf period and tillering stage, respectively fertilising was primary, was urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride using fertilizer, and fertilising twice ensures to apply purity nitrogen altogether 120kg/hm2,30 kg/hm2 of pure phosphorus and pure potassium 40kg/hm2, and monthly pour water twice.

3. a kind of method for repairing the heavy metals in farmland pollution of lead-zinc-copper deposit area according to claim 1 or 2, feature exist In：In a certain range heavy metal zinc, lead and copper concentration, Asiatic plantain and conjunction fruit taro can be absorbed by self mechanism in rhizosphere soil Heavy metal and shifted to overground part, under different Pb, Zn, Cu concentration for the treatment of, the concentration coefficient of Asiatic plantain is all higher than 1；Equally not Under same Pb, Zn, Cu concentration for the treatment of, the concentration coefficient for closing fruit taro is also all higher than 1, therefore Asiatic plantain and conjunction fruit taro can pass through itself Mechanism absorbs heavy metal, reduces rhizosphere soil zinc, lead and copper effective quantity and full dose, this machining function is in rhizospheric environment Zinc, lead and copper content increase and gradually increase, itself escape injury to protect.

4. a kind of method for repairing the heavy metals in farmland pollution of lead-zinc-copper deposit area according to claim 1 or 2, feature exist In：Entire plant is gathered in before its maturation, prevents its root from remaining, and carry out ashing processing to it, extraction heavy metal zinc, lead And copper, it alternately plants, efficiently uses calendar variation, to realize to having had Asiatic plantain and having closed the widely distributed mining area weight of fruit taro It is repaired in the farmland of metallic zinc, lead and Cu-W ore deposit.