CN108378036B - 一种促进弱光下棉花幼苗生长的复配调节剂及其应用 - Google Patents

一种促进弱光下棉花幼苗生长的复配调节剂及其应用 Download PDF

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CN108378036B
CN108378036B CN201810201983.3A CN201810201983A CN108378036B CN 108378036 B CN108378036 B CN 108378036B CN 201810201983 A CN201810201983 A CN 201810201983A CN 108378036 B CN108378036 B CN 108378036B
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祁虹
王树林
张谦
冯国艺
王燕
雷小鹏
梁青龙
林永增
张寒霜
王永强
刘祎
刘建光
杜海英
刘旭
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Institute Of Cotton Hebei Academy Of Agriculture And Forestry Sciences Hebei Special Economic Crop Research Institute Academy Of Agriculture And Forestry Sciences
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Abstract

一种促进弱光下棉花幼苗生长的复配调节剂，由以下质量份数的各组分构成：5～20份葡萄糖，3～30份磷酸二氢钾，0.05～0.2份5‑氨基乙酰丙酸，0.04～0.2份赤霉素(少量乙醇溶解)，占溶液总质量0.1％的吐温‑20，余量水。本发明的调节剂既具有促进茎、叶生长的作用，又能够促进根系的生长，还能提高作物抗逆性，最终提高了棉苗对弱光条件的耐受性，并促进了弱光下棉花幼苗的生长。

Description

一种促进弱光下棉花幼苗生长的复配调节剂及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于植物幼苗生长助剂领域，具体涉及一种促进弱光下棉花幼苗生长的复配调节剂及其应用。
背景技术
“麦棉套作”是一种重要的复种模式，是提高土地利用效率、缓解粮棉争地矛盾的最有效措施之一，然而该模式下，小麦与棉花有约45天共生期，此时光、热资源分配不均，棉花幼苗被小麦遮挡，生长受到抑制。如何增加麦棉共生期棉花光合产物的积累，促进棉花苗期的生长，是“麦棉套作”模式得以顺利实施的核心问题。
5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-aminolevulinic acid，简称ALA)是叶绿素的合成前体，孙永平(孙永平，汪良驹.ALA处理对遮荫下西瓜幼苗叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].园艺学报,2007,34(4):901-908.)、刘卫琴(刘卫琴,康琅,汪良驹.ALA对草莓光合作用的影响及其与抗氧化酶的关系[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(1):57-62.)、刘玉梅(刘玉梅,艾希珍,于贤昌.5-氨基乙酰丙酸对亚适宜温光条件下黄瓜幼苗光合特性的影响[J].园艺学报,2010,37(1):65-71.)等人通过研究，发现10～100mg·L-1的ALA可以显著提高叶片的净光合速率，促进西瓜、甜瓜、草莓、黄瓜等作物对弱光的耐受性；刘奎彬(刘奎彬，马文荷，安志信.黄瓜对外源糖吸收和运转的研究[J].华北农学报,1998,13(4):103-106.)、马文荷(马文荷，刘奎彬.青椒对外源糖的吸收与分配规律研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2000,23(1):37-39.)等人研究发现通过外源喷施葡萄糖溶液可以促进黄瓜和青椒地上部的生长，增强对弱光的适应能力。
但以上结果多为温室或盆栽结果，没有应用于大田条件下的先例，而且，单独使用一种调节剂存在作用单一的问题，往往不能满足实际需求，麦棉共生期促进棉苗生长的复配调节剂未见报道。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明的目的是提供一种促进弱光下棉花幼苗生长的复配调节剂及其应用，以解决“麦棉套作”模式下，麦棉共生期棉花光热资源不足造成棉花生长发育迟缓的问题。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案是：
一种促进弱光下棉花幼苗生长的复配调节剂，由以下质量份数的各组分构成：5～20份葡萄糖，3～30份磷酸二氢钾，0.05～0.2份5-氨基乙酰丙酸，0.04～0.2份赤霉素(少量乙醇溶解)，占溶液总质量0.1％的吐温-20，余量水。
大田条件下，在麦棉套作种植过程中，于棉花子叶平展后，在叶片表面均匀喷施该复配调节剂，喷施前先将复配调节剂稀释8～12倍，每3～5天喷施一次，直至小麦收获为止。
本发明的有益效果：
通过葡萄糖与5-氨基乙酰丙酸的复配，既发挥了葡萄糖直接供给同化产物、促进叶茎生长的作用，又发挥了5-氨基乙酰丙酸提高棉苗叶片净光合速率，促进根系生长的作用，使二者的作用互补，达到作用加合、增效的效果；另外，磷酸二氢钾能够提高作物抗逆性，赤霉素具有促进作物生长的作用，吐温-20能够稳定复配制剂，并且具有促进植物吸收大分子物质的作用，因此，磷酸二氢钾和赤霉素的添加能进一步提高棉苗对弱光条件的耐受性，而吐温-20的添加能使本复配剂的有效成分更易被棉苗吸收。因而，相比较于在叶面喷施ALA或者葡萄糖溶液，本复配剂对提高棉苗的耐弱光能力、促进棉苗生长发育的作用效果更好。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
配制复配调节剂1：在每升水中加入葡萄糖5g、磷酸二氢钾3g、5-氨基乙酰丙酸0.05g、赤霉素0.05g(先用少量乙醇溶解)，搅拌均匀，再加入混合物质量0.1％的吐温-20，得到复配调节剂1。
试验应用：在温室条件下，水培棉苗，水培基质为改良的Hogland培养液，每三天更换一次培养液，培养光强为100μmol·m-2·s-1。棉花子叶平展后开始喷施0.5％葡萄糖+0.3％磷酸二氢钾、0.005％的5-氨基乙酰丙酸和复配调节剂1，在叶片表面均匀喷施，每三天喷施一次，同时以喷施清水为参照。当幼苗生长至三叶期时取样评价喷施复配调节剂1对弱光下棉苗生长的促进效果，如表1所示。
表1复配调节剂1对弱光条件下水培棉苗生长的影响
Figure BDA0001594754920000031
实施例2
配制复配调节剂2：按照每升水中加入葡萄糖50g、磷酸二氢钾25g、5-氨基乙酰丙酸0.8g、赤霉素0.6g(先用少量乙醇溶解)，搅拌均匀，再加入溶液总质量1％的吐温-20，得到复配调节剂2。
试验应用：大田条件下，棉花子叶平展后开始喷施复配调节剂2，喷施前，将复配调节剂2稀释10倍，在叶片表面均匀喷施，每五天喷施一次，直至小麦收获为止，以喷施清水作为参照。分别于麦棉共生期和棉花主要生育时期取样调查，复配调节剂2喷施对棉花生长和产量的影响如表2、表3和表4所示。
表2复配调节剂2对麦棉套种模式下棉苗干物质积累的影响
Figure BDA0001594754920000032
表3复配调节剂2对麦棉套种模式下棉花生长和发育的影响
Figure BDA0001594754920000033
Figure BDA0001594754920000041
表4复配调节剂2对麦棉套种模式下棉花产量及其构成的影响
处理 单株铃数(个) 单铃重(g) 籽棉产量(kg/hm<sup>2</sup>)
清水 6.8 6.7 3437.7
复配调节剂2 7.5 6.7 3750.2
实施例1是在温室培养条件下对复配的调节剂进行评价，与清水相比较，喷施葡萄糖+磷酸二氢钾对棉花幼苗叶片生长具有显著促进作用，但对根系生长促进作用较小；喷施5-氨基乙酰丙酸对棉花幼苗叶片和根系生长具有一定促进作用；喷施本发明的复配调节剂，棉苗叶片面积和重量、根系总长度和表面积都大大增加，且作用效果显著高于单独喷施蔗糖+磷酸二氢钾或5-氨基乙酰丙酸，表明本复配调节剂对弱光环境下棉苗的生长起到了很大的促进作用，且具有复配加合、增效的效果。
实施例2是在大田环境下对配制的复配调节剂进行评价，从表2看出，“麦棉套作”模式下，叶面喷施复配调节剂使棉花的根茎和叶的质量在不同生育时期均显著增加，尤其是在初花期；表3展示了棉苗生长至成铃期间复配调节剂的效果，当喷施调节剂后，无论从株高还是成铃数量，都有所增加；表4为调节剂对棉籽产量的效果评价，通过喷施复配调节剂，使得单株铃数有所增加，进而使得每公顷棉籽产量增加了312.5kg。
通过实施例1和2的评价，表明无论是在温室培养还是大田环境下，本发明的复配调节剂对弱光环境下棉苗的生长均有显著的促进作用，而且能够提高最终的籽棉产量。

Claims (1)

1.一种促进弱光下棉花幼苗生长的复配调节剂，其特征在于，由以下质量份数的各组分构成：5～20份葡萄糖、3～30份磷酸二氢钾、0.05～0.2份5-氨基乙酰丙酸、0.04～0.2份用乙醇溶解过的赤霉素、占溶液总质量0.1％的吐温-20、余量水；
所述使用促进弱光下棉花幼苗生长的复配调节剂的方法，大田条件下，在麦棉套作种植过程中，于棉花子叶平展后，在叶片表面均匀喷施所述的复配调节剂，喷施前先将复配调节剂稀释8～12倍，每3～5天喷施一次，直至小麦收获为止。
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