CN108377866A - 一种青菜栽培方法 - Google Patents

一种青菜栽培方法 Download PDF

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CN108377866A
CN108377866A CN201810118153.4A CN201810118153A CN108377866A CN 108377866 A CN108377866 A CN 108377866A CN 201810118153 A CN201810118153 A CN 201810118153A CN 108377866 A CN108377866 A CN 108377866A
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green vegetables
field planting
cultural method
vegetables
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全盈园
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Jinhua Iron Knight Biotechnology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种青菜栽培方法，包括：育苗、整地施肥、定植，首先整理育苗地，施入完全腐熟的有机肥，播种出苗后追肥，然后定植到翻耕过的大棚土壤中，菜地施入完全腐熟的有机肥作为底肥，施入蔬菜专用的复合肥作为基肥，定植后保持温度和湿度，同时适当追肥，及时追水、喷施诱导剂即可。有益效果为：棚栽青菜温度于湿度是关键，可以实现全年不间断的青菜供应，追施尿素、水、诱导剂可在不喷施杀虫剂的同时确保青菜远离病虫害，同时还能够增加青菜产量，提高经济效益，是一种高效、环保的青菜栽培方法。

Description

一种青菜栽培方法
技术领域
本发明涉及青菜栽培领域，尤其是涉及一种青菜栽培方法。
技术背景
青菜，又名小白菜、油菜、小油菜。一年或二年生草本，高25-70厘米，基直立，有分枝，基生叶倒卵形或宽倒卵形，深绿色，有光泽，总状花序顶生，呈圆锥状，花浅黄色，种子球形，紫褐色，有蜂窝纹，花期4月，果期5月。青菜原产亚洲，我国南北各省栽培，尤以长江流域为广。青菜嫩叶供蔬菜用，为我国最普遍蔬菜之一。小青菜营养丰富，生长迅速，广泛栽培于我国各地，在设施条件下可实现全年生产。夏秋季栽培小青菜可填补淡季蔬菜供应不足，是带动农民增收的好项目。但夏秋季温度较高、病虫害发生严重，管理不当会影响其产量和产品质量。温室无土栽培可为蔬菜生长提供适宜的生长环境，有效阻断虫源入侵，减少病虫害的发生。但无土栽培生产成本较高，难以进行大规模推广应用。潮汐式灌溉主要原理是利用底部灌溉技术，即灌溉水从底部进入，利用基质或介质毛细管的作用将水提升到栽培容器中，其形式有多种，比如床式、槽式、地板式等，但是潮汐式灌溉栽培其栽培设备复杂，管理不便。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种青菜栽培方法，本方法简单易行，可以实现全年不间断的青菜供应，追施尿素、水、诱导剂可在不喷施杀虫剂的同时确保青菜远离病虫害，同时还能够增加青菜产量，提高经济效益，是一种高效、环保的青菜栽培方法。
本发明针对背景技术中提到的问题，采取的技术方案为：一种青菜栽培方法，包括：育苗、整地施肥、定植，具体包括以下步骤：
育苗：选择好育苗地后将土地做成宽1.8-2m的畦面，结合整地每亩施入完全腐熟的有机肥1000-1200kg，每亩用种量在0.3-0.35kg，播种要均匀，播种后踏实畦面，出苗后要及时间苗和定苗，适当追肥处理，生长到6-7个真叶之后大田定植；完全腐熟的有机肥其草籽与病菌全部灭活，营养物质丰富，适合作为育苗期底肥，有助于幼苗健壮，提高成活率；
整地施肥：将大棚土壤翻耕深度维持在25-30cm之间，保证土壤细碎，疏松多孔，无明显土块，结合整地每亩施入完全腐熟的有机肥1500-1800kg作为底肥，施入蔬菜专用的复合肥50-80kg作为基肥，将整好的土地做成宽2.5-3.0m的畦面；通过深耕，大田适宜青菜定植移栽，土壤疏松多孔有助于保墒保肥，有机肥和有机肥可以满足青菜的营养物质需求；
定植：移栽前育苗床灌溉一次透水，方便移栽，定植后要做好大棚温度和湿度管理工作，从定植到成活温室大棚密闭，温度保持在28-30℃，湿度维持在75-80%之间，小青菜成活之后逐渐降低大棚内温度和湿度；青菜定植成活后要及时追肥一次，每亩追施尿素5-6kg，封垄前再进行第二次追肥，每亩追施尿素7.5-10kg；按照少量多次进行追水，同时在青菜成长期喷施1-2次诱导剂，直至采收上市；棚栽青菜温度于湿度是关键，可以实现全年不间断的青菜供应，追施尿素、水、诱导剂可在不喷施杀虫剂的同时确保青菜远离病虫害，同时还能够增加青菜产量，提高经济效益，是一种高效、环保的青菜栽培方法。
作为优选，在水中依次加入1.5-2.0%的壳聚糖、1-1.5%的磷酸二氢钾、0.05-0.06‰吲哚乙酸、0.02-0.03‰赤霉素、0.05-0.10‰芸苔素内酯、0.5-0.6‰抗坏血酸、0.1-0.12‰2，6-二叔丁基对羟基甲苯、0.01-0.011‰2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷，完全溶解后加入2-4%番茄茎叶提取液、0.8-1.5%中草药提取液，混合均匀后即得诱导剂；诱导剂可以有效防治小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、菜青虫、蚜虫等青菜常见害虫，还可以有效的抑制杀灭有害菌，可以调节青菜内部的新陈代谢，使青菜生产出更高的纤维素和蛋白质，促进青菜光合作用，提高青菜的叶片厚度与菜品质量。
作为优选，2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷中含有2.1-2.2%的（S）-2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷；特殊配比的（S）-2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷与（R）-2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷在2，6-二叔丁基对羟基甲苯存在的条件下具有协同增益作用，该协同作用会攻击有害微生物体内乙酰辅酶A的硫酯键，从而降低乙酰辅酶A的酶活性与酶浓度，抑制乙酰基与草酰乙酸的羧基间发生的醛醇缩合反应，从而有效抑制有害微生物体内的三羧酸循环反应，抑制微生物的生长繁殖，从而起到广谱灭菌的作用，有助于降低青菜病虫害，促使青菜增产，提高经济效益。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
1）诱导剂可以有效防治小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、菜青虫、蚜虫等青菜常见害虫，还可以有效的抑制杀灭有害菌，可以调节青菜内部的新陈代谢，使青菜生产出更高的纤维素和蛋白质，促进青菜光合作用，提高青菜的叶片厚度与菜品质量；
2）特殊配比的（S）-2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷与（R）-2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷在2，6-二叔丁基对羟基甲苯存在的条件下具有协同增益作用，该协同作用会攻击有害微生物体内乙酰辅酶A的硫酯键，从而降低乙酰辅酶A的酶活性与酶浓度，抑制乙酰基与草酰乙酸的羧基间发生的醛醇缩合反应，从而有效抑制有害微生物体内的三羧酸循环反应，抑制微生物的生长繁殖，从而起到广谱灭菌的作用，有助于降低青菜病虫害，促使青菜增产，提高经济效益；
3）棚栽青菜温度于湿度是关键，可以实现全年不间断的青菜供应，追施尿素、水、诱导剂可在不喷施杀虫剂的同时确保青菜远离病虫害，同时还能够增加青菜产量，提高经济效益，是一种高效、环保的青菜栽培方法。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明方案作进一步说明：
实施例1：
一种青菜栽培方法，包括以下步骤：
1）选择好育苗地后将土地做成宽1.8m的畦面，结合整地每亩施入完全腐熟的有机肥1000kg，每亩用种量在0.3kg，播种要均匀，播种后踏实畦面，出苗后要及时间苗和定苗，适当追肥处理，6个真叶之后大田定植；2）将大棚土壤翻耕深度维持在25cm之间，保证土壤细碎，疏松多孔，无明显土块，结合整地每亩施入完全腐熟的有机肥1500kg作为底肥，施入蔬菜专用的复合肥50-80kg作为基肥，将整好的土地做成宽2.5m的畦面；3）移栽前育苗床灌溉一次透水，方便移栽，定植后要做好大棚温度和湿度管理工作，从定植到成活温室大棚密闭，温度保持在28℃，湿度维持在75%，小青菜成活之后逐渐降低大棚内温度和湿度；青菜定植成活后要及时追肥一次，每亩追施尿素5kg，封垄前再进行第二次追肥，每亩追施尿素7.5kg；按照少量多次进行追水，同时在青菜成长期喷施1-2次诱导剂，直至采收上市。
实施例2：
一种青菜栽培方法，具体包括以下步骤：
1）育苗：选择好育苗地后将土地做成宽2m的畦面，结合整地每亩施入完全腐熟的有机肥1200kg，每亩用种量在0.35kg，播种要均匀，播种后踏实畦面，出苗后要及时间苗和定苗，适当追肥处理，生长到7个真叶之后大田定植；完全腐熟的有机肥其草籽与病菌全部灭活，营养物质丰富，适合作为育苗期底肥，有助于幼苗健壮，提高成活率；
2）整地施肥：将大棚土壤翻耕深度维持在30cm之间，保证土壤细碎，疏松多孔，无明显土块，结合整地每亩施入完全腐熟的有机肥1800kg作为底肥，施入蔬菜专用的复合肥80kg作为基肥，将整好的土地做成宽3.0m的畦面；通过深耕，大田适宜青菜定植移栽，土壤疏松多孔有助于保墒保肥，有机肥和有机肥可以满足青菜的营养物质需求；
3）定植：移栽前育苗床灌溉一次透水，方便移栽，定植后要做好大棚温度和湿度管理工作，从定植到成活温室大棚密闭，温度保持在30℃，湿度维持在80%之间，小青菜成活之后逐渐降低大棚内温度和湿度；青菜定植成活后要及时追肥一次，每亩追施尿素6kg，封垄前再进行第二次追肥，每亩追施尿素10kg；按照少量多次进行追水，同时在青菜成长期喷施2次诱导剂，直至采收上市；棚栽青菜温度于湿度是关键，可以实现全年不间断的青菜供应，追施尿素、水、诱导剂可在不喷施杀虫剂的同时确保青菜远离病虫害，同时还能够增加青菜产量，提高经济效益，是一种高效、环保的青菜栽培方法。
在水中依次加入1.5%的壳聚糖、1%的磷酸二氢钾、0.05‰吲哚乙酸、0.02‰赤霉素、0.05‰芸苔素内酯、0.5‰抗坏血酸、0.1‰2，6-二叔丁基对羟基甲苯、0.01‰2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷，完全溶解后加入2%番茄茎叶提取液、0.8%中草药提取液，混合均匀后即得诱导剂；诱导剂可以有效防治小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、菜青虫、蚜虫等青菜常见害虫，还可以有效的抑制杀灭有害菌，可以调节青菜内部的新陈代谢，使青菜生产出更高的纤维素和蛋白质，促进青菜光合作用，提高青菜的叶片厚度与菜品质量。
2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷中含有2.1%的（S）-2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷；特殊配比的（S）-2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷与（R）-2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷在2，6-二叔丁基对羟基甲苯存在的条件下具有协同增益作用，该协同作用会攻击有害微生物体内乙酰辅酶A的硫酯键，从而降低乙酰辅酶A的酶活性与酶浓度，抑制乙酰基与草酰乙酸的羧基间发生的醛醇缩合反应，从而有效抑制有害微生物体内的三羧酸循环反应，抑制微生物的生长繁殖，从而起到广谱灭菌的作用，有助于降低青菜病虫害，促使青菜增产，提高经济效益。
实施例3：
一种青菜栽培方法，包括：育苗、整地施肥、定植，具体包括以下步骤：
育苗：选择好育苗地后将土地做成宽2m的畦面，结合整地每亩施入完全腐熟的有机肥1200kg，每亩用种量在0.3kg，播种要均匀，播种后踏实畦面，出苗后要及时间苗和定苗，适当追肥处理，生长到6个真叶之后大田定植；完全腐熟的有机肥其草籽与病菌全部灭活，营养物质丰富，适合作为育苗期底肥，有助于幼苗健壮，提高成活率；
整地施肥：将大棚土壤翻耕深度维持在30cm，保证土壤细碎，疏松多孔，无明显土块，结合整地每亩施入完全腐熟的有机肥1600kg作为底肥，施入蔬菜专用的复合肥60kg作为基肥，将整好的土地做成宽2.8m的畦面；通过深耕，大田适宜青菜定植移栽，土壤疏松多孔有助于保墒保肥，有机肥和有机肥可以满足青菜的营养物质需求；
定植：移栽前育苗床灌溉一次透水，方便移栽，定植后要做好大棚温度和湿度管理工作，从定植到成活温室大棚密闭，温度保持在28℃，湿度维持在75%，小青菜成活之后逐渐降低大棚内温度和湿度；青菜定植成活后要及时追肥一次，每亩追施尿素5kg，封垄前再进行第二次追肥，每亩追施尿素8kg；按照少量多次进行追水，同时在青菜成长期喷施2次诱导剂，直至采收上市；棚栽青菜温度于湿度是关键，可以实现全年不间断的青菜供应，追施尿素、水、诱导剂可在不喷施杀虫剂的同时确保青菜远离病虫害，同时还能够增加青菜产量，提高经济效益，是一种高效、环保的青菜栽培方法。
在水中依次加入2.0%的壳聚糖、1.5%的磷酸二氢钾、0.06‰吲哚乙酸、0.03‰赤霉素、0.10‰芸苔素内酯、0.6‰抗坏血酸、0.12‰2，6-二叔丁基对羟基甲苯、0.011‰2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷，完全溶解后加入4%番茄茎叶提取液、1.5%中草药提取液，混合均匀后即得诱导剂；诱导剂可以有效防治小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、菜青虫、蚜虫等青菜常见害虫，还可以有效的抑制杀灭有害菌，可以调节青菜内部的新陈代谢，使青菜生产出更高的纤维素和蛋白质，促进青菜光合作用，提高青菜的叶片厚度与菜品质量。
2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷中含有2.2%的（S）-2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷；特殊配比的（S）-2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷与（R）-2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷在2，6-二叔丁基对羟基甲苯存在的条件下具有协同增益作用，该协同作用会攻击有害微生物体内乙酰辅酶A的硫酯键，从而降低乙酰辅酶A的酶活性与酶浓度，抑制乙酰基与草酰乙酸的羧基间发生的醛醇缩合反应，从而有效抑制有害微生物体内的三羧酸循环反应，抑制微生物的生长繁殖，从而起到广谱灭菌的作用，有助于降低青菜病虫害，促使青菜增产，提高经济效益。
本发明操作步骤中的常规操作为本领域技术人员所熟知，在此不进行赘述。
以上所述的实施例对本发明的技术方案进行了详细说明，应理解的是以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的原则范围内所做的任何修改、补充或类似方式替代等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种青菜栽培方法，其特征在于：所述青菜栽培方法包括：
育苗：选择好育苗地后将土地做成宽1.8-2m的畦面，结合整地施入完全腐熟的有机肥，每亩用种量在0.3-0.35kg，播种要均匀，播种后踏实畦面，出苗后要及时间苗和定苗，适当追肥处理之后大田定植；
整地施肥：将大棚土壤翻耕深度维持在25-30cm之间，保证土壤细碎，疏松多孔，无明显土块，结合整地施入底肥、基肥，将整好的土地做成宽2.5-3.0m的畦面；
定植：移栽前育苗床灌溉一次透水，方便移栽，定植后要做好大棚温度和湿度管理工作，从定植到成活温室大棚密闭，小青菜成活之后逐渐降低大棚内温度和湿度；青菜定植成活后要及时追肥，按照少量多次进行追水，同时在青菜成长期喷施1-2次诱导剂，直至采收上市。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种青菜栽培方法，其特征在于：所述育苗步骤中，每亩施入完全腐熟的有机肥1000-1200kg。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种青菜栽培方法，其特征在于：所述育苗步骤中，生长到6-7个真叶之后大田定植。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种青菜栽培方法，其特征在于：所述整地施肥步骤中，底肥为每亩施入完全腐熟的有机肥1500-1800kg，基肥为每亩施入蔬菜专用的复合肥50-80kg。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种青菜栽培方法，其特征在于：所述定植步骤中，大棚温度保持在28-30℃，湿度维持在75-80%之间。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种青菜栽培方法，其特征在于：所述定植步骤中，青菜定植成活后要及时追肥一次，每亩追施尿素5-6kg，封垄前再进行第二次追肥，每亩追施尿素7.5-10kg。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种青菜栽培方法，其特征在于：所述定植步骤中，诱导剂的制备方法为：在水中依次加入1.5-2.0%的壳聚糖、1-1.5%的磷酸二氢钾、0.05-0.06‰吲哚乙酸、0.02-0.03‰赤霉素、0.05-0.10‰芸苔素内酯、0.5-0.6‰抗坏血酸、0.1-0.12‰2，6-二叔丁基对羟基甲苯、0.01-0.011‰2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷，完全溶解后加入2-4%番茄茎叶提取液、0.8-1.5%中草药提取液，混合均匀后即得诱导剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种青菜栽培方法，其特征在于：所述诱导剂的制备方法中，2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷中含有2.1-2.2%的（S）-2-甲氧基甲基吡咯烷。
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