CN108375554A - Horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance appraisal procedure - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance measurement method of level, it can be achieved that horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance measures under any distance.Closely horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance is measured using scene method measured directly, i.e. in the case where ensuring infra-red radiation target plate full of infrared spectroradio meter viewing conditions, mobile infra-red radiation target plate, acquire the infrared radiation signal that infrared spectroradio meter measures infra-red radiation target plate under measuring distance, by the radiation signal value compared with the infrared radiation signal value of " zero " distance acquisition, to obtain the infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance value of level of the distance；Due to receiving the influences such as measuring instrument, signal-to-noise ratio, the method actually measured is suitable only for finite distance, to realize remote horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance assessment, measurement method of the present invention in closely horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance, measure the atmospheric spectral transmittance value of multiple measurement points, exponential function fitting is carried out to these data again, to realize remote horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance assessment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of appraisal procedure of infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance of level more particularly to a kind of any level away from
Appraisal procedure from (3-5) um and two infrared atmospheric window mouth atmospheric spectral transmittances of (8-12) um.
Background technology
Infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance refers to the infra-red radiation that target is sent out, the infra-red radiation after atmospheric attenuation with enter
Penetrate the ratio of radiation energy.Infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance is mainly used for infrared remote sensing, infrared acquisition and infrared stealth technology etc.
Aspect.Due to containing the substances such as a large amount of water, carbon dioxide in air, there is absorption to infra-red radiation, when using infrared
When detector instrument is to the infrared detective of target, the radiation of target can decay, and distance is longer, and attenuation is bigger,
Atmospheric spectral transmittance is lower, and this transmitance is influenced by environmental conditions such as environment temperature, humidity, pressure simultaneously, therefore,
Different time, different location atmospheric spectral transmittance be all different, in order to accurately obtain the infra-red radiation of target, it is necessary to existing
Field is assessed by the atmospheric spectral transmittance of different distance.
Infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance is divided into oblique journey atmospheric spectral transmittance and horizontal air spectral transmittance.Oblique Cheng Guangpu
In terms of atmospheric spectral transmittance is mainly used for infrared remote sensing, aerial target infrared acquisition, such as the infrared acquisition instrument pair on satellite
The infrared survey of atural object, cloud layer, for natural calamity prevention, resource detection and weather forecast etc., ground based IR detection instrument pair
The measurement of the targets such as aerospace plane, the detection etc. of aircraft on a surface target are required for assessing oblique journey atmospheric spectral transmittance.
Horizontal infrared spectrum atmospheric spectral transmittance be mainly used in horizontal direction target emanation brightness, ionization meter and
In terms of radiometric temperature measurement.It is mainly used for infrared stealth, ground object detection etc., if infrared acquisition instrument is to infrared stealth
The measurement of target is required for accurately measuring horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance to the detection etc. of ground tank and plate armour, especially
It is in terms of infrared stealth technology research, both at home and abroad by fixing the Stealthy Targets such as aircraft on the ground, using infrared light
The infrared intensity for composing radiometer measurement different orientations, to assess to Stealthy Target using stealthy after different stealthy measures
Effect.
Currently, no matter the assessment of oblique journey atmospheric spectral transmittance or horizontal air spectral transmittance, is mostly adopted both at home and abroad
Infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance is assessed with the method that software calculates, the most frequently used software is LOWTRAN the and MOTRAN softwares in the U.S.,
Input test conditional parameter is needed such as to absorb gas content, temperature, humidity, pressure, height above sea level, aerosol and visibility when calculating
Influence, input test condition is different, and simulation result of calculation is also different, but since some input conditions are difficult test, but these
Test condition influences again simulation result of calculation very greatly, to lead to atmospheric spectral transmittance software result of calculation and real atmosphere light
Spectrum transmitance has prodigious difference.Importantly, some specific conditions can not input, such as haze, haze is to level according to the study
The influence of big transmitance is more than 40%, therefore larger using software simulation calculating atmospheric spectral transmittance error, seriously affects
The infra-red radiation side of target is accurately measured.
Invention content
For at present using software simulation calculation error present in horizontal air spectral transmittance evaluation process
Larger deficiency, the present invention propose a kind of any level (3-5) um and two infrared atmospheric window mouths of (8-12) um under
Horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance appraisal procedure, the assessment and on-the-spot test of the horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance of solution are asked
Topic provides safeguard for the research of infrared target characteristic and infra-red radiation quantitative measurment.
The infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance appraisal procedure of level of the present invention includes mainly two steps, and the first step is closely
Horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance measures；Second step is remote horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance assessment.
(1) the horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance measurement method of short distance
The present invention is measured according to atmospheric spectral transmittance and is defined, and to be realized that horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance measures, be needed
Two equipment are provided：The infra-red radiation target and function admirable infrared detective instrument of high stability.Infrared detective
Apparatus measures infra-red radiation target l distances infrared radiation signal V (l), and " 0 " position infrared radiation signal V (l0),
The two measured values are compared, you can obtain the infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance of level under measuring distance l：
The measuring principle that the present invention uses is as shown in Figure 1.According to the matching feelings of infrared target size and measuring instrument visual field
Condition is divided into two kinds of situations of Fig. 1 .a and Fig. 1 .b.According to Fig. 1 .a, i.e. infra-red radiation target plate underfill infrared spectroradio meter regards
The principle of field, according to infrared acquisition theory of radiation, infrared spectroradio meter output V (l) is：
V (l)=βAir(l)τRadiometerLTarget plate·ATarget plate·ΩTarget plate (2)
Wherein
β in formula (2)AirIt is atmospheric spectral transmittance, τRadiometerIt is the spectral responsivity of infrared spectroradio meter, LTarget plateIt is target
The spectral radiance of plate, ATarget plateThe area of target plate, DRadiometerFor the entrance pupil bore of radiometer, l is measuring distance, ΩTarget plateIt is radiation
Meter is relative to the opened solid angle of target plate.
LTarget plateValue by infra-red radiation target plate performance parameter, τRadiometer、ARadiation、DRadiometerFor infrared spectroradio meter parameter, with
Measuring distance l is unrelated.But by formula (3) it is found that when measuring distance l changes, ΩTarget plateIt can change therewith, by formula (1)
Know VRadiometerIt will change.In other words, radiometer V is calculatedRadiometerExcept the β with atmospheric spectral transmittanceAir(l) related, can also
Change with the variation of measuring distance l, it is most important that, infrared spectroradio meter visual field uniformity is poor, ΩTarget plateChange meeting
Cause larger measurement error.
According to such as Fig. 1 .b measuring principles, infra-red radiation target plate radiating surface is full of the visual field of infrared spectroradio meter, formula
(3) formula (2) abbreviation is substituted into obtain：
In formula (4)It is determined, will not be changed with measuring distance l variations by the field angle of infrared spectroradio meter；
LTarget plate、τRadiometer、ARadiation、DRadiometerIt is unrelated with measuring distance l, it enablesC is constant, formula
(4) become：
V (l)=C βAir(l) (5)
In formula (5), the output V of infrared spectroradio meterRadiometerOnly with βAir(l) variation and change, with other parameters without
It closes.According to formula (5), as long as providing the large area source of infrared radiation of a stable radiation, brightness uniformity, and ensure it full of red
The visual field of external spectrum radiometer is signal value V (l as long as then measuring distance is " 0 "0), then measure large area under certain distance l
Measurement result is substituted into formula (1) and horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance survey can be realized by the signal value V (l) of the source of infrared radiation
Amount.
Therefore, the present invention selects the principle of Fig. 1 .b to measure the infrared infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance of level.
Atmospheric spectral transmittance is related with the wavelength of infrared radiometer, can be Single wavelength, can also be some wave band
Atmospheric spectral transmittance value, the wavelength for measuring selection is different, and atmospheric spectral transmittance measurement result is also not quite similar.
The present invention is full of infrared spectroradio meter using the radiating surface that the key of measurement method is requirement infra-red radiation target plate
Visual field.But since infra-red radiation target plate Net long wave radiation face can not possibly be infinitely great, the visual field of radiometer be also impossible to it is infinitely small, such as
Radiometer uses the camera lens of 5mrad, when target plate radiating surface is 1 meter a diameter of, then most far 1/0.005=200 meter of measurement distance
It can guarantee and be full of visual field, and as measurement distance increases, infrared radiometer signal becomes smaller, signal-to-noise ratio reduces, and also influences to measure
Error.Therefore, it can only realize that the horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance of limited distance measures by the method that scene actually measures.
(2) remote horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance appraisal procedure
The present invention is only realized closely horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance and is measured using the method for (1).But target is red
Inadequate when hundreds of meters of external radiation characteristic research, some reaches more than ten kilometers, especially in terms of infrared HWIL simulation research.
The method that the present invention uses data exponential fitting calculates remote lower horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance value.
The premise of remote horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance assessment assumes that atmospheric conditions are stablized in time of measuring, survey
It is uniform to measure atmospheric spectral transmittance in the period, in this way it is believed that the horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance in measure field any position
It is identical, in this case, the measurement method of closely horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance can be used, obtain multiple measurement points
Atmospheric spectral transmittance value, then these data are fitted, to realize that remote horizontal infrared atmospheric optical spec penetrates
Rate is assessed.
According to the Heinrich Burger law of atmospheric attenuation：
1=10·e-β·l (6)
Wherein, β is proportionality coefficient, referred to as Spectrum attenuation coefficient, related with wavelength, Media density, pressure etc.；L is distance,
Unit is km.
It is found that the spectral radiance of target changes with the damped expoential rule of distance, it is theoretical according to this, thus this hair
The bright quasi- method using exponential function fitting realizes that remote horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance measures.To improve fitting essence
Degree is superimposed using two exponential functions.
The exponential fitting function that the present invention uses for：
τ (l)=ae-l·b+c·e-7·d (7)
When the contribution of exponential function is zero, or when close to zero, it is equivalent to a Heinrich Burger exponential function.Pass through data
Fitting, can be obtained fitting coefficient a, b, c and d of formula (7), these fitting coefficients are substituted into (7) formula, so that it may remote to obtain
Lower horizontal air spectral transmittance calculation formula, according to the formula, can with the arbitrary remote infrared atmospheric optical spec of level it is saturating
Cross rate value.
Based on above-mentioned principle, the technical scheme is that：
The infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance appraisal procedure of a kind of level, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
Step 1：Using infra-red radiation target plate, infrared spectroradio meter and laser range finder, by field test mode into
Closely horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance measures row, it is desirable that the radiating surface of infra-red radiation target plate is full of infrared spectroradio meter
Visual field；
Step 2：Step 1 is repeated, the relationship of several groups distance l and atmospheric spectral transmittance τ (l) is obtained, carries it into public affairs
Formula
τ (l)=ae-l·b+c·e-l·d
Fitting obtains parameter a, b, c and d；It obtains descending horizontal air spectral transmittance calculation formula at a distance；
Step 3：It is calculated according to remote lower horizontal air spectral transmittance calculation formula arbitrary horizontal infrared at a distance
Atmospheric spectral transmittance.
Advantageous effect
It is measured using horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance under the achievable any distance of the present invention.It is closely horizontal infrared big
Gas spectral transmittance is measured using scene method measured directly, that is, is ensuring infra-red radiation target plate full of infrared spectroradio meter
Under viewing conditions, mobile infra-red radiation target plate, acquisition infrared spectroradio meter measures the red of infra-red radiation target plate under measuring distance
External radiation signal, by the radiation signal value compared with the infrared radiation signal value of " zero " distance acquisition, to obtain the distance
Horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance value；Due to receiving the influences such as measuring instrument, signal-to-noise ratio, the method actually measured is suitable only for
Finite distance, to realize remote horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance assessment, the present invention is in closely horizontal infrared air
The measurement method of spectral transmittance, measures the atmospheric spectral transmittance value of multiple measurement points, then to these data into row index letter
Number fitting, to realize remote horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance assessment.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1：Horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance measuring principle；
Fig. 2：Closely horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance measuring principle；
Fig. 3：Remote horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance assesses measuring principle；
Fig. 4：Horizontal infrared air 3-5um Transmissivity measurement results at l=0.2km.
Specific implementation mode
The principle on which of the present invention is to use closely horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance measurement method first, then
The method being fitted using exponential function realizes the assessment of remote horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance.Closely horizontal red
During outer atmospheric spectral transmittance measures, the atmospheric transmittance value under certain horizontal distance, is ensuring infra-red radiation target plate in order to obtain
Full of mobile infra-red radiation target plate under infrared spectroradio meter viewing conditions, measured under different distance using infrared spectroradio meter
The infrared radiation signal of infra-red radiation target plate, compared with collecting infrared radiation signal with " zero " distance, to obtain this away from
From horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance value；In the appraisal procedure of the horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance of distance, use first
The closely measurement method of horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance, obtains the atmospheric spectral transmittance value of multiple measurement points, then
These data are fitted, to realize remote horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance assessment.,
Specific implementation process of the present invention such as Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.Fig. 2 is that closely horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance measures in fact
Apply process；Fig. 3 is the assessment implementation process of remote horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance.
Closely horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance measures implementation process intermediate infrared radiation target plate using Shanghai to the present invention
The HYFY1688 type large area infra-red radiation target plates that ray machine is developed, infrared spectroradio meter select BOMEN companies of the U.S. to develop
The infrared spectral radiant of MR254 types.Wherein HYFY1688 types large area infra-red radiation target plate is by large area target plate radiating surface, high-precision
Temperature control system, stable supporting device composition infra-red radiation target plate are spent using upper, which is spliced using three pieces.This is adopted
It is heated by way of conduction used in the target plate back side, uniform groove structure is processed at the target plate back side, and heater strip is uniformly distributed
In the groove, the side of target plate is embedded with temperature sensors of high precision for testing its temperature, and target plate front is infra-red radiation face,
Surface carries out frosting treatment, then applies high emissivity coating, to ensure that radiating surface has higher emissivity, coated technique to use
The mode of splash, to ensure the uniform of coating.Radiating surface size reaches 1.2 meters × 1.2 meters, which is (ring
Border temperature+5~120) DEG C；Surface uniformity is better than ± 2.0 DEG C.The infrared spectral radiant spectral radiometer of MR254 types uses spectrum
The form of light splitting, measure spectrum range 2-14um, meets the needs of spectral measurement；Minimum visual field camera lens is 2.5 × 10-3Rad mirrors
Head.
Measuring principle according to the present invention requires the radiating surface of radiation source full of red when infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance measures
The visual field of external radiation meter, so calculating farthest measured distance first before measuring.HYFY1688 target plate swept area maximum gauges are
1.2 meters, MR254 radiometer minimum visual field camera lenses are 2.5 × 10-3Rad, then according to geometric optical theory, maximum distance is no more than
1.2/2.5 × 10-3=480 meters.
When measuring the atmospheric transmittance value at certain distance l, as shown in Fig. 2, first ensuring that infrared spectroradio meter and infrared
The center for radiating target plate is high consistent, by infrared spectroradio meter as close to infra-red radiation target plate, as shown in Fig. 2 a., uses
MR254 acquires spectrum voltage signal, you can obtains distance l0Locate infrared radiation signal V (l0)；Keeping center height constant, along light
Axis direction moves infra-red radiation target plate, and it is l to measure infra-red radiation target plate with infrared spectroradio meter distance with laser range finder, then
Infrared radiation signal V (l) can be obtained at distance l as shown in Fig. 2 .b..By V (l0) and V (l) substitute into formula (1), can be obtained away from
From horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance value at l.
Fig. 4 is horizontal infrared air 3-5um Transmissivity measurements at distance l=0.2km as a result, can be obtained using same method
It is 0.906 to 3-5um mean transmissivities.
It needs to survey multiple under short distance to obtain remote horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance value according to the present invention
Point atmospheric spectral transmittance value, thus the infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance of level under being fitted to obtain at a distance by exponential function
Value.Specific measurement process is as follows：
N measuring distance point is chosen first, using the true measurement position of laser range finder, and 1,2 ... the i ... n that make marks,
As shown in Figure 3.
Then measurement distance l0Locate infrared radiation signal V (l0)；
Then infrared spectroradio meter is moved to apart from large area source of infrared radiation l1Position set, output voltage
Signal is V (l1), you can obtain distance l1The atmospheric spectral transmittance value at place is：
Then infrared spectroradio meter is moved to apart from large area source of infrared radiation l2Position " 2 ", output voltage
Signal is V (l2), you can obtain distance l2The atmospheric spectral transmittance value at place is：
And so on：Position " i " is obtained, distance is liThe atmospheric spectral transmittance value at place is：
Finally, position " n " is obtained, farthest measuring distance is lnThe atmospheric spectral transmittance value at place is：
The l that finally measurement is obtained1、l2、l3、…li…lnUnder atmospheric spectral transmittance value τ (l1)、τ(l2)、τ
(l3)、…τ(li)…τ(ln), it is fitted using the exponential fitting function of Matlab 7.0.
It is as follows to the fitting result of table 1：Fitting coefficient is a==0.2005；B=-4.927；C=0.7487；D=-
0.202.Then lower atmospheric spectral transmittance estimation formula is at a distance：
τ (l)=0.2005e-4.927·l+0.7487·e-0.202·l
According to the formula, the Zenith Distance spectral transmittance for (3-5) um for entering 2km, 5km, 10km at a distance can be calculated.
τ (2)=0.2005e-4.927·l+0.7487·e-0.202·l=0.499
τ (5)=0.2005e-4.927·l+0.7487·e-0.202·l=0.273
τ (10)=0.2005e-4.927·l+0.7487·e-0.202·l=0.10.
1 horizontal air of table (3-5) μm transmitance fitting data
| Distance (Km) | Transmitance value |
| 0.0001 | 0.992 |
| 0.002 | 0.960 |
| 0.005 | 0.942 |
| 0.01 | 0.925 |
| 0.02 | 0.906 |
| 0.05 | 0.874 |
| 0.1 | 0.840 |
| 0.15 | 0.815 |
| 0.2 | 0.794 |
| 0.25 | 0.776 |
| 0.3 | 0.760 |
| 0.35 | 0.745 |
| 0.4 | 0.731 |
Claims (1)
1. a kind of infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance appraisal procedure of level, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
Step 1：Using infra-red radiation target plate, infrared spectroradio meter and laser range finder, carried out closely by field test mode
The horizontal infrared atmospheric spectral transmittance of distance measures, it is desirable that the radiating surface of infra-red radiation target plate regarding full of infrared spectroradio meter
；
Step 2：Step 1 is repeated, the relationship of several groups distance l and atmospheric spectral transmittance τ (l) is obtained, carries it into formula
τ (l)=ae-l·b+c·e-l·d
Fitting obtains parameter a, b, c and d；It obtains descending horizontal air spectral transmittance calculation formula at a distance；
Step 3：Arbitrary infrared air horizontal at a distance is calculated according to remote lower horizontal air spectral transmittance calculation formula
Spectral transmittance.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN109459140A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-03-12 | 西安应用光学研究所 | A kind of overlarge area infra-red radiation target plate for infra-red radiation field testing |
| CN111473868A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-07-31 | 许方宇 | Remote infrared temperature measurement method |
| CN113092368A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-07-09 | 上海机电工程研究所 | Infrared band atmospheric transmittance measurement method and system based on unmanned aerial vehicle |
| CN113533262A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-10-22 | 北京航空航天大学 | Atmospheric aerosol infrared scattering transmittance determination method |
| CN115308167A (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2022-11-08 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | Real-time atmospheric transmittance testing and calculating method for infrared spectrum radiometer of aircraft engine |
| CN115639166A (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2023-01-24 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Engine tail jet flow near-field atmospheric transmittance calculation method |
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| 李晴晴: "基于神经网络的红外辐射大气透过率建模及计算", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 基础科学辑》 * |
| 闫宗群等: "利用氧气吸收被动测距的近程实验", 《光学精密工程》 * |
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| CN113092368A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-07-09 | 上海机电工程研究所 | Infrared band atmospheric transmittance measurement method and system based on unmanned aerial vehicle |
| CN113092368B (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2022-12-13 | 上海机电工程研究所 | Infrared band atmospheric transmittance measurement method and system based on unmanned aerial vehicle |
| CN113533262A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-10-22 | 北京航空航天大学 | Atmospheric aerosol infrared scattering transmittance determination method |
| CN115639166A (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2023-01-24 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Engine tail jet flow near-field atmospheric transmittance calculation method |
| CN115639166B (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2024-05-17 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Engine tail jet flow near-field atmospheric transmittance calculation method |
| CN115308167A (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2022-11-08 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | Real-time atmospheric transmittance testing and calculating method for infrared spectrum radiometer of aircraft engine |
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