CN108375101A - Hot-water type solar-energy air-energy cogeneration of heat and power integral system and operation method - Google Patents
Hot-water type solar-energy air-energy cogeneration of heat and power integral system and operation method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D12/00—Other central heating systems
- F24D12/02—Other central heating systems having more than one heat source
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
- F03G6/065—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a Rankine cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
- F24D19/1045—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating the system uses a heat pump and solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/12—Heat pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/14—Solar energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种热水型太阳能空气能热电联产一体化系统，包括储水箱、第一水泵、太阳能集热器、低位侧换热器、压缩膨胀双功能机头、永磁电动发电一体化电机、高位侧换热器、膨胀阀、工质泵和第二水泵；低位侧换热器采用风冷，低位侧换热器工质侧的一端口通过压缩膨胀双功能机头后连接至高位侧换热器工质侧的一端口，高位侧换热器工质侧的另一端口与低位侧换热器工质侧的另一端口并联有两旁路，通过调整阀门的导通或关闭，利用太阳能与空气能实现采暖期采暖，非采暖期发电，全年供热水的建筑需求；空气源热泵成本低，安装简单，能效高，环保，预热时间短，可以很快达到室温要求，适合作为太阳能采暖系统的辅助热源。
The invention discloses a hot water type solar air energy combined heat and power integrated system, comprising a water storage tank, a first water pump, a solar heat collector, a low side heat exchanger, a compression expansion dual-function machine head, and a permanent magnet electric generator integrated chemical motor, high side heat exchanger, expansion valve, working medium pump and second water pump; the low side heat exchanger is air-cooled, and one port on the working medium side of the low side heat exchanger is connected to the high One port on the working medium side of the heat exchanger on the high position side, another port on the working medium side of the high position heat exchanger and the other port on the working medium side of the low position heat exchanger are connected in parallel with two bypasses, by adjusting the conduction or closing of the valve , using solar energy and air energy to achieve heating during the heating period, power generation during the non-heating period, and building demand for hot water throughout the year; air source heat pumps are low in cost, simple to install, high in energy efficiency, environmentally friendly, short in warm-up time, and can quickly reach room temperature requirements , suitable as an auxiliary heat source for solar heating systems.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于太阳能空气能利用技术领域，尤其涉及一种热水型太阳能空气能热电联产一体化系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of solar air energy utilization, and in particular relates to a hot water type solar air energy combined heat and power integrated system.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，随着城市化建设的持续发展以及人们对居住、工作环境舒适性要求的不断提高，迎来了建筑行业的快速成长，建筑能耗呈现出持续上升的态势。北方地区的冬季采暖是建筑能耗的主要组成部分。截止2016年，我国北方地区城乡建筑采暖总面积约206亿平方米。其中，城镇建筑采暖面积141亿平方米，农村建筑采暖面积65亿平方米。我国北方地区采暖使用能源以燃煤为主，燃煤采暖面积约占总采暖面积的83％。采暖用煤年消耗约4亿吨标煤，其中散烧煤(含低效小锅炉用煤)约2亿吨标煤，主要分布在农村地区。北方地区供热平均综合能耗约22千克标煤/平方米，其中城镇约19千克标煤/平方米，农村约27千克标煤/平方米。当前我国北方地区清洁采暖比例低，特别是部分地区冬季大量使用散烧煤，大气污染排放量大。因此积极推进清洁采暖，应是当前治理北方地区冬季雾霾的重点工作。In recent years, with the continuous development of urbanization and the continuous improvement of people's requirements for the comfort of living and working environments, the construction industry has ushered in the rapid growth, and building energy consumption has shown a continuous upward trend. Heating in winter in northern regions is the main component of building energy consumption. As of 2016, the total heating area of urban and rural buildings in northern my country is about 20.6 billion square meters. Among them, the heating area of urban buildings is 14.1 billion square meters, and the heating area of rural buildings is 6.5 billion square meters. The energy used for heating in northern my country is mainly coal-fired, and the coal-fired heating area accounts for about 83% of the total heating area. Heating coal consumes about 400 million tons of standard coal annually, of which about 200 million tons of coal are scattered-fired (including coal for low-efficiency small boilers), mainly distributed in rural areas. The average comprehensive energy consumption of heating in the northern region is about 22 kg standard coal/square meter, of which about 19 kg standard coal/square meter in urban areas and about 27 kg standard coal/square meter in rural areas. At present, the proportion of clean heating in northern my country is low, especially in some areas where a large amount of scattered coal is used in winter, and the amount of air pollution is large. Therefore, actively promoting clean heating should be the key task of controlling winter smog in northern China.
太阳能取之不尽、用之不竭，无需开采和运输，是开发和利用新能源与可再生能源的重要内容，有着巨大的市场前景。我国太阳能资源十分丰富，三分之二的地区年辐射总量大于5020MJ/m2，年日照时数在2200h以上，具有有效开发利用的良好条件。低温太阳能的热利用是最直接的方案，发展也最为迅速，太阳能热水器、采暖技术等越来越受到人们的重视。我国主要采暖区在北方，又恰好是太阳能资源比较丰富的地区。尤其是在需要采暖的季节，晴天比较多，为太阳能采暖提供了基本的条件。太阳能适合与其他能源结合，实现热水、供暖复合系统的应用，是热网无法覆盖时有效的分散供暖方式。特别适用于办公楼，教学楼等只在白天使用的建筑。在国家10部委发布的《北方地区冬季清洁取暖规划(2017-2021)》中提出，要积极推进太阳能与常规能源的融合，采取集中式与分布式结合的方式进行建筑供暖。鼓励在条件适宜的中小城镇、民用及公共建筑上推广太阳能供暖系统。在农业大棚、养殖场等用热需求大，且与太阳能特性匹配的行业，充分利用太阳能供热。努力实现到2021年我国太阳能供暖面积达到5000万平方米的目标。Solar energy is inexhaustible and inexhaustible without mining and transportation. It is an important part of the development and utilization of new and renewable energy and has a huge market prospect. China's solar energy resources are very rich, two-thirds of the area's total annual radiation is greater than 5020MJ/m 2 , and the annual sunshine hours are above 2200h, which has good conditions for effective development and utilization. The thermal utilization of low-temperature solar energy is the most direct solution, and it develops the fastest. People pay more and more attention to solar water heaters and heating technologies. my country's main heating area is in the north, which happens to be an area rich in solar energy resources. Especially in the heating season, there are many sunny days, which provide basic conditions for solar heating. Solar energy is suitable for combining with other energy sources to realize the application of hot water and heating composite systems. It is an effective decentralized heating method when the heating network cannot be covered. It is especially suitable for buildings such as office buildings and teaching buildings that are only used during the day. In the "Northern Region Winter Clean Heating Plan (2017-2021)" issued by 10 national ministries and commissions, it is proposed to actively promote the integration of solar energy and conventional energy, and adopt a combination of centralized and distributed methods for building heating. Encourage the promotion of solar heating systems in small and medium-sized towns, civil and public buildings with suitable conditions. In industries such as agricultural greenhouses and farms that have a large demand for heat and match the characteristics of solar energy, solar energy should be fully utilized for heating. Efforts will be made to achieve the goal of reaching 50 million square meters of solar heating area in my country by 2021.
太阳能供热采暖系统设时，从经济效益和热量稳定输出的角度考虑，必须有辅助热源。当太阳能不足时，作为太阳能供热采暖系统的补充热源。空气源热泵成本低，安装简单，能效高，预热时间短，可以很快达到室温要求，在太阳能采暖中得到了广泛的应用。When designing a solar heating system, from the perspective of economic benefits and stable heat output, an auxiliary heat source must be provided. When the solar energy is insufficient, it can be used as a supplementary heat source for the solar heating system. Air source heat pumps are low in cost, easy to install, high in energy efficiency, short in warm-up time, and can quickly reach room temperature requirements, and have been widely used in solar heating.
发明内容Contents of the invention
由于太阳能日照时间有限，易受气候的影响，造成传统太阳能采暖系统需要增设辅助热源，从而增加了设备的投资以及运行成本。此外，太阳能资源冬夏能量不均衡，蓄能困难，造成非采暖期热量过剩，系统设备闲置等问题。为了探寻适宜于广大北方地区的新型采暖技术和替代能源，将热水型太阳能采暖、空气源热泵、低温发电技术有机的耦合在一起，构成太阳能、空气能综合利用系统，实现太阳能资源全年范围内最大化的利用，采暖期采暖，非采暖期发电，同时还可以根据需要提供生活热水。有效的解决传统太阳能采暖系统中非采暖期热量过剩、系统设备闲置等问题。Due to the limited sunshine time of solar energy, it is easily affected by the climate, so the traditional solar heating system needs to add an auxiliary heat source, which increases the investment and operation cost of the equipment. In addition, solar energy resources are not balanced in winter and summer, and energy storage is difficult, resulting in excess heat during non-heating periods and idle system equipment. In order to explore new heating technologies and alternative energy sources suitable for the vast northern regions, the hot water solar heating, air source heat pump, and low-temperature power generation technologies are organically coupled together to form a comprehensive utilization system of solar energy and air energy, so as to realize the full range of solar energy resources throughout the year. Maximize the utilization within the heating period, heat during the heating period, generate electricity during the non-heating period, and provide domestic hot water as needed. Effectively solve the problems of excess heat in the non-heating period and idle system equipment in the traditional solar heating system.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提出的一种热水型太阳能空气能热电联产一体化系统，包括储水箱、第一水泵、太阳能集热器、低位侧换热器、压缩膨胀双功能机头、永磁电动发电一体化电机、高位侧换热器、膨胀阀、工质泵和第二水泵；上述各设备和阀体之间通过连接管路连接，连接关系如下：所述储水箱内设有两路盘管，从而将所述储水箱的腔体分为壳程、第一个管程和第二管程，所述储水箱的壳程设有两组进出口，所述太阳能集热器的出口端经过所述储水箱的壳程后经过所述第一水泵后连接至所述太阳能集热器的进口端，形成太阳能热水循环管路；所述储水箱的壳程通过所述第二水泵与高位侧换热器的水侧连接；所述储水箱的第一管程串联在采暖供-回水管路上，所述储水箱的第二管程串联在自来水管路与生活热水管路之间；采暖供水管路、采暖回水管路、自来水管路和生活热水管路上均设有截止阀；所述压缩膨胀双功能机头与所述永磁电动发电一体化电机连接；所述低位侧换热器采用风冷，包括工质侧和风机，所述低位侧换热器的工质侧的一端口通过所述压缩膨胀双功能机头后连接至所述高位侧换热器的工质侧的一端口，所述高位侧换热器的工质侧的另一端口与所述低位侧换热器的工质侧的另一端口并联有第一旁路和第二旁路，其中，第一旁路上设有膨胀阀，第一旁路上，位于所述膨胀阀的进口处设有一个截止阀，位于所述膨胀阀的出口处设有热泵单向阀；第二旁路上设有工质泵，第二旁路上，位于所述工质泵的进口处设有一个截止阀，位于所述工质泵的出口处设有发电单向阀。In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a hot water type solar air energy combined heat and power integrated system, including a water storage tank, a first water pump, a solar heat collector, a low-side heat exchanger, and a compression-expansion dual-function head , permanent magnet electric power generation integrated motor, high side heat exchanger, expansion valve, working fluid pump and second water pump; the above-mentioned equipment and the valve body are connected through connecting pipelines, and the connection relationship is as follows: the water storage tank is equipped with There are two coils, so that the cavity of the water storage tank is divided into the shell side, the first tube side and the second tube side. The shell side of the water storage tank is provided with two sets of inlets and outlets. The solar heat collector The outlet end of the water storage tank passes through the shell side of the water storage tank and then connects to the inlet end of the solar heat collector after passing through the first water pump to form a solar hot water circulation pipeline; the shell side of the water storage tank passes through the The second water pump is connected to the water side of the high side heat exchanger; the first tube side of the water storage tank is connected in series on the heating supply-return water pipeline, and the second tube side of the water storage tank is connected in series between the tap water pipeline and domestic hot water Between the pipelines; the heating water supply pipeline, the heating return water pipeline, the tap water pipeline and the domestic hot water pipeline are all equipped with stop valves; the compression expansion dual-function machine head is connected to the permanent magnet electric power generation integrated motor; The low-level heat exchanger is air-cooled, including the working medium side and a fan, and a port on the working medium side of the low-level heat exchanger is connected to the high-level heat exchanger after passing through the compression-expansion dual-function head. One port on the working fluid side of the heat exchanger, the other port on the working fluid side of the high-level heat exchanger is connected in parallel with the other port on the working fluid side of the low-level heat exchanger with a first bypass and a second bypass road, wherein an expansion valve is provided on the first bypass, a cut-off valve is provided at the inlet of the expansion valve on the first bypass, and a heat pump check valve is provided at the outlet of the expansion valve; the second bypass A working medium pump is provided on the road, a shut-off valve is provided at the inlet of the working medium pump on the second bypass, and a power generation check valve is provided at the outlet of the working medium pump.
利用上述热水型太阳能空气能热电联产一体化系统的运行方法，通过调整阀门的导通或关闭，实现在采暖期利用太阳能空气源热泵供暖供热水，在非采暖期利用太阳能发电并提供热水；包括：在采暖期，关闭第二旁路上的截止阀，同时，打开其他截止阀，进入太阳能空气源热泵供暖供热水系统运行模式；在非采暖期，关闭设置在采暖供水管路、采暖回水管路和第一旁路上的截止阀，同时，打开其他截止阀，进入热水型太阳能发电供热水运行模式。Utilizing the operation method of the above-mentioned hot water type solar air energy cogeneration integrated system, by adjusting the conduction or closing of the valve, the use of solar air source heat pumps for heating and hot water during the heating period, and the use of solar energy for power generation and supply during the non-heating period Hot water; including: during the heating period, close the shut-off valve on the second bypass, and at the same time, open other shut-off valves to enter the operation mode of the solar air source heat pump heating and hot water system; during the non-heating period, close the heating water supply pipeline , Heating return water pipeline and the cut-off valve on the first bypass, at the same time, open the other cut-off valves to enter the hot water type solar power hot water supply operation mode.
进一步讲，实现太阳能空气源热泵供暖供热水系统运行的步骤是：启动第一水泵，将储水箱中的水打入太阳能集热器中吸热升温后送回储水箱，完成太阳能集热器热水循环；当太阳能不足时，启动永磁电动发电一体化电机以电动模式运行驱动压缩膨胀双功能机头以压缩模式运行将低位侧换热器中产生的干饱和气态有机工质加压升温后进入高位侧换热器中放热凝结为饱和液体，经过第一旁路上的截止阀，进入膨胀阀降压降温为低干度湿蒸气，然后，再经过热泵单向阀后被引入到低位侧换热器中吸热蒸发为干饱和蒸气，完成空气源热泵工质侧循环；在空气源热泵低位风侧，启动风机实现空气与空气源热泵工质的强制对流换热，将空气能传递给工质；在空气源热泵高位水侧，启动第二水泵将储水箱中的水打入高位侧换热器中吸热升温后送入储水箱完成循环；在太阳能集热器热水循环中，采暖回水经过进入储水箱中的第一管程吸热升温后排出为采暖供水；在空气源热泵循环中，自来水进入储水箱中的第二管程吸热升温后排出提供生活热水。Further speaking, the steps to realize the operation of the solar air source heat pump heating and hot water supply system are: start the first water pump, pump the water in the water storage tank into the solar heat collector to absorb heat and heat it up, and send it back to the water storage tank to complete the solar heat collector. Hot water circulation; when the solar energy is insufficient, start the permanent magnet electric power generation integrated motor to run in electric mode to drive the compression expansion dual-function head to run in compression mode to pressurize and heat up the dry saturated gaseous organic working medium generated in the low-level side heat exchanger After entering the heat exchanger on the high side, it releases heat and condenses into a saturated liquid. After passing through the stop valve on the first bypass, it enters the expansion valve to depressurize and cool down into low-dryness wet steam. The side heat exchanger absorbs heat and evaporates into dry saturated steam to complete the side circulation of the air source heat pump working medium; on the low wind side of the air source heat pump, start the fan to realize the forced convection heat exchange between the air and the air source heat pump working medium, and transfer the air energy Supply working medium; on the high-level water side of the air source heat pump, start the second water pump to pump the water in the water storage tank into the high-level side heat exchanger to absorb heat and heat up, then send it to the water storage tank to complete the cycle; in the hot water cycle of the solar collector , the heating return water enters the first tube side of the water storage tank to absorb heat and heat up, and then discharges as heating water supply; in the air source heat pump cycle, tap water enters the second tube side of the water storage tank, absorbs heat and heats up, and then discharges to provide domestic hot water.
实现热水型太阳能发电供热水运行的步骤是：启动第一水泵将储水箱中的水打入太阳能集热器中吸热升温后送入储水箱1完成太阳能集热器热水循环，用于低温发电与生活热水供应；同时，启动工质泵，低位换热器中产生的饱和液态有机工质经过截止阀进入工质泵被加压升温后，经过发电单向阀打入高位侧换热器中吸热蒸发为高压高温的干饱和蒸气，进入压缩膨胀双功能机头以膨胀模式运行，同时驱动永磁电动发电一体化电机以发电模式运行产生电能并输出，膨胀后的低压低温气态工质进入低位换热器中凝结为饱和液体完成低温发电工质侧循环；在低温发电低位风侧，启动风机实现空气与发电工质的强制对流换热，将工质中的热量传递给空气，释放到大气中；在低温发电高位水侧，启动第二水泵将储水箱中的水打入高位侧换热器中放热降温后送入储水箱完成低温发电热水循环；自来水进入储水箱中的第二管程吸热升温后排出提供生活热水。The steps to realize the hot water supply operation of hot water solar power generation are: start the first water pump, pump the water in the water storage tank into the solar heat collector to absorb heat and heat up, and then send it to the water storage tank 1 to complete the hot water cycle of the solar heat collector. It is used for low-temperature power generation and domestic hot water supply; at the same time, start the working medium pump, and the saturated liquid organic working medium generated in the low-level heat exchanger enters the working medium pump through the stop valve and is pressurized and heated, and then enters the high-level side through the power generation check valve. The heat absorbed in the heat exchanger is evaporated into high-pressure and high-temperature dry saturated steam, which enters the compression-expansion dual-function head to operate in expansion mode, and at the same time drives the permanent magnet electric power generation integrated motor to operate in power generation mode to generate and output electric energy. After expansion, the low-pressure and low-temperature The gaseous working medium enters the low-level heat exchanger and condenses into a saturated liquid to complete the side circulation of the low-temperature power generation working medium; on the low-level wind side of the low-temperature power generation, start the fan to realize the forced convection heat exchange between the air and the power generation working medium, and transfer the heat in the working medium to The air is released into the atmosphere; on the high-level water side of low-temperature power generation, the second water pump is started to drive the water in the water storage tank into the heat exchanger on the high-level side to release heat and cool down, and then sent to the water storage tank to complete the hot water cycle of low-temperature power generation; tap water enters the storage tank The second tube pass in the water tank absorbs heat and heats up to discharge to provide domestic hot water.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
本发明提出的热水型太阳能空气能热电联产一体化系统利用热水型太阳能采暖、空气源热泵以及有机朗肯循环低温发电技术的有机耦合，构成太阳能空气能综合利用系统。实现在采暖期采暖，非采暖期实施太阳能热发电，同时还可以根据需要全年提供生活热水的功能。其主要有益效果如下：The hot water type solar air energy combined heat and power integrated system proposed by the present invention utilizes the organic coupling of hot water type solar heating, air source heat pump and organic Rankine cycle low-temperature power generation technology to form a comprehensive utilization system of solar air energy. Realize heating during the heating period, implement solar thermal power generation during the non-heating period, and at the same time provide the function of domestic hot water throughout the year as needed. Its main beneficial effects are as follows:
1.热水型太阳能空气能热电联产一体化系统利用太阳能与空气能实现采暖期采暖，非采暖期发电，全年供热水的建筑需求；此外，空气源热泵成本低，安装简单，能效高，预热时间短，可以很快达到室温要求，非常适合作为太阳能采暖系统的辅助热源。因此该一体化系统是适宜于我国广大北方地区采暖的可再生能源新型应用技术，可有效的改善传统采暖方式给我国能源与环境带来的双重压力。1. The hot water type solar air energy combined heat and power integrated system uses solar energy and air energy to achieve heating during the heating period, power generation during the non-heating period, and hot water supply throughout the year; in addition, the air source heat pump is low in cost, simple to install, and energy efficient. High, short warm-up time, can quickly reach room temperature requirements, very suitable as an auxiliary heat source for solar heating systems. Therefore, this integrated system is a new renewable energy application technology suitable for heating in the vast northern regions of my country, and can effectively improve the dual pressures on energy and the environment brought by traditional heating methods.
2.热水型太阳能空气能热电联产一体化系统，基于有机朗肯循环利用非采暖期太阳能集热器中产生的大量低温热水输出清洁电能供给建筑使用，实现了太阳能的最大化应用。有效的解决了由于太阳能冬夏能量不均衡，蓄能困难，造成的传统太阳能采暖系统非采暖期热量过剩的问题。同时，空气源热泵与低温发电系统的有机耦合，一机多用，降低了常规太阳能空气源热泵复合式采暖系统的投资回收期以及设备长期闲置带来的能源浪费和经济损失。2. The hot water type solar air energy combined heat and power integrated system, based on the organic Rankine cycle, utilizes a large amount of low-temperature hot water generated in the non-heating period of the solar collector to output clean electricity for building use, realizing the maximum application of solar energy. It effectively solves the problem of excess heat in the non-heating period of the traditional solar heating system caused by the imbalance of solar energy in winter and summer and the difficulty of energy storage. At the same time, the organic coupling of the air source heat pump and the low-temperature power generation system, one machine with multiple functions, reduces the investment recovery period of the conventional solar air source heat pump composite heating system and the energy waste and economic loss caused by long-term idle equipment.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是热水型太阳能空气能热电联产一体化系统的结构简图。Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hot water type solar air energy combined heat and power integrated system.
图中：1-储水箱，2-第一水泵，3-太阳能集热器，4-低位侧换热器，5-压缩膨胀双功能机头，6-永磁电动发电一体化电机，7-高位侧换热器，8-膨胀阀，9-工质泵，10-风机，11-第二水泵，V1～V6-截止阀，C1-热泵单向阀，C2-发电单向阀。In the figure: 1-water storage tank, 2-first water pump, 3-solar heat collector, 4-low side heat exchanger, 5-compression expansion dual-function machine head, 6-permanent magnet electric power generation integrated motor, 7- High side heat exchanger, 8-expansion valve, 9-working fluid pump, 10-fan, 11-second water pump, V1~V6-stop valve, C1-heat pump check valve, C2-power generation check valve.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明技术方案作进一步详细描述，所描述的具体实施例仅对本发明进行解释说明，并不用以限制本发明。The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and the described specific embodiments are only for explaining the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
本发明提出的热水型太阳能空气能热电联产一体化系统将热水型太阳能采暖、空气源热泵以及有机朗肯循环低温发电技术有机的耦合在一起，构成太阳能空气能综合利用系统，实现采暖期采暖，非采暖期发电的全年运行方式，同时还可以根据需要全年提供生活热水，实现太阳能资源全年范围内最大化的利用。The hot water type solar air energy cogeneration integrated system proposed by the present invention organically couples hot water type solar heating, air source heat pump and organic Rankine cycle low-temperature power generation technology together to form a comprehensive utilization system of solar air energy to realize heating Periodic heating, non-heating period power generation throughout the year, at the same time, it can also provide domestic hot water throughout the year according to needs, so as to realize the maximum utilization of solar energy resources throughout the year.
该系统的主要特征在于：采暖期利用太阳能与空气能的供暖供热水过程；在非采暖期利用太阳能与空气能的热发电及供热水过程。相比于传统的太阳能和空气源热泵采暖系统，该系统具备供热与发电的双重功能，可全年运行。The main features of the system are: the process of heating and hot water supply using solar energy and air energy in the heating period; the process of thermal power generation and hot water supply using solar energy and air energy in the non-heating period. Compared with traditional solar and air source heat pump heating systems, this system has dual functions of heating and power generation, and can be operated all year round.
如图1所示，本发明提出的一种热水型太阳能空气能热电联产一体化系统，包括储水箱1、第一水泵2、太阳能集热器3、低位侧换热器4、压缩膨胀双功能机头5、永磁电动发电一体化电机6、高位侧换热器7、膨胀阀8、工质泵9和第二水泵11。As shown in Figure 1, a hot water type solar air energy cogeneration integrated system proposed by the present invention includes a water storage tank 1, a first water pump 2, a solar heat collector 3, a low side heat exchanger 4, a compression expansion Dual-function machine head 5, permanent magnet electric generator integrated motor 6, high side heat exchanger 7, expansion valve 8, working medium pump 9 and second water pump 11.
上述各设备和阀体之间通过连接管路连接，连接关系如下：The above-mentioned equipment and the valve body are connected by connecting pipelines, and the connection relationship is as follows:
所述储水箱1内设有两路盘管，从而将所述储水箱1的腔体分为壳程、第一个管程和第二管程，所述储水箱1的壳程设有两组进出口，所述太阳能集热器3的出口端经过所述储水箱1的壳程后经过所述第一水泵2后连接至所述太阳能集热器3的进口端，形成太阳能热水循环管路；所述储水箱1的壳程通过所述第二水泵11与高位侧换热器7的水侧连接。The water storage tank 1 is provided with two coils, so that the cavity of the water storage tank 1 is divided into a shell side, a first tube side and a second tube side, and the shell side of the water storage tank 1 is provided with two A group of inlets and outlets, the outlet end of the solar heat collector 3 passes through the shell side of the water storage tank 1, passes through the first water pump 2, and then connects to the inlet end of the solar heat collector 3 to form a solar hot water cycle Pipeline; the shell side of the water storage tank 1 is connected to the water side of the high side heat exchanger 7 through the second water pump 11 .
所述储水箱1的第一管程串联在采暖供-回水管路上，所述储水箱1的第二管程串联在自来水管路与生活热水管路之间；采暖供水管路、采暖回水管路、自来水管路和生活热水管路上均设有截止阀。The first tube side of the water storage tank 1 is connected in series on the heating supply-return pipeline, and the second tube side of the water storage tank 1 is connected in series between the tap water pipeline and the domestic hot water pipeline; Stop valves are arranged on water pipelines, tap water pipelines and domestic hot water pipelines.
所述压缩膨胀双功能机头5与所述永磁电动发电一体化电机6连接；所述低位侧换热器4采用风冷，包括工质侧和风机10，所述低位侧换热器4的工质侧的一端口(采暖期时该端口为工质的出口端，非采暖期时该端口为工质的进口端)通过所述压缩膨胀双功能机头5后连接至所述高位侧换热器7的工质侧的一端口(采暖期时该端口为工质的进口端，非采暖期时该端口为工质的出口端)，所述高位侧换热器7的工质侧的另一端口(采暖期时该端口为工质的出口端，非采暖期时该端口为工质的进口端)与所述低位侧换热器4的工质侧的另一端口(采暖期时该端口为工质的进口端，非采暖期时该端口为工质的出口端)并联有第一旁路和第二旁路，其中，第一旁路上设有膨胀阀8，第一旁路上，位于所述膨胀阀8的进口处设有一个截止阀V5，位于所述膨胀阀8的出口处设有热泵单向阀C1；第二旁路上设有工质泵9，第二旁路上，位于所述工质泵9的进口处设有一个截止阀V6，位于所述工质泵9的出口处设有发电单向阀C2。The compression-expansion dual-function head 5 is connected to the integrated permanent magnet motor 6; the low-side heat exchanger 4 is air-cooled, including a working fluid side and a fan 10, and the low-side heat exchanger 4 is air-cooled. A port on the side of the working fluid (the port is the outlet port of the working fluid during the heating period, and the port is the inlet port of the working fluid during the non-heating period) is connected to the high side after passing through the compression-expansion dual-function head 5 A port on the working fluid side of the heat exchanger 7 (the port is the inlet port of the working fluid during the heating period, and the outlet port of the working fluid during the non-heating period), the working fluid side of the high-level side heat exchanger 7 The other port (this port is the outlet port of the working fluid during the heating period, and the port is the inlet port of the working fluid during the non-heating period) and the other port on the working medium side of the low-level side heat exchanger 4 (the heating period In the non-heating period, this port is the outlet port of the working fluid), and the first bypass and the second bypass are connected in parallel, wherein, the first bypass is provided with an expansion valve 8, and the first bypass On the road, a cut-off valve V5 is arranged at the inlet of the expansion valve 8, and a heat pump check valve C1 is arranged at the outlet of the expansion valve 8; a working fluid pump 9 is arranged on the second bypass, and a A cut-off valve V6 is arranged at the inlet of the working medium pump 9, and a power generation check valve C2 is arranged at the outlet of the working medium pump 9.
本发明热水型太阳能空气能热电联产一体化系统可以分为太阳能集热器热水系统，空气源热泵低温发电一体化系统，供暖水系统以及生活热水供应系统等四个主要部分。其中太阳能集热器热水系统主要由储水箱、水泵以及太阳能集热器等组成；空气源热泵低温发电一体化系统由低位侧换热器，压缩膨胀双功能机头，永磁电动发电一体化电机，高位侧换热器，膨胀阀、工质泵、单向阀、风机等组成；供暖水系统由采暖供回水管路、储水箱以及建筑供暖系统等组成；生活热水供应系统则由自来水管路、生活热水供水管路、储水箱以及建筑热水供应系统等组成。The hot water type solar air energy cogeneration integrated system of the present invention can be divided into four main parts: a solar collector hot water system, an air source heat pump low temperature power generation integrated system, a heating water system and a domestic hot water supply system. Among them, the solar collector hot water system is mainly composed of water storage tanks, water pumps and solar collectors; the air source heat pump low-temperature power generation integrated system consists of low-side heat exchangers, compression and expansion dual-function heads, and permanent magnet electric power generation integration. motor, high-side heat exchanger, expansion valve, working medium pump, one-way valve, fan, etc.; the heating water system is composed of heating supply and return pipelines, water storage tanks, and building heating systems; the domestic hot water supply system is composed of tap water Pipelines, domestic hot water supply pipelines, water storage tanks, and building hot water supply systems.
利用上述热水型太阳能空气能热电联产一体化系统，可以通过调整阀门的导通或关闭，实现在采暖期利用太阳能空气源热泵供暖供热水，在非采暖期利用太阳能发电并提供热水。Using the above-mentioned hot water type solar air energy cogeneration integrated system, by adjusting the conduction or closing of the valve, it is possible to use the solar air source heat pump to heat and supply hot water during the heating period, and to use solar energy to generate electricity and provide hot water during the non-heating period .
在采暖期，当太阳能不足时，空气源热泵低温发电一体化系统以空气源热泵模式运行，从低位热源空气能中提取热量并提高其品位，辅助低温太阳能集热器为建筑物供暖，同时可供给生活热水。而在非采暖期，系统转为低温发电运行模式，在保证用户生活热水的前提下，以空气能为冷源，将太阳能集热器中吸收的低温热能通过有机朗肯循环一部分转化为电能供建筑使用。In the heating period, when the solar energy is insufficient, the air source heat pump low-temperature power generation integrated system operates in the air source heat pump mode, extracts heat from the low-level heat source air energy and improves its grade, assists the low-temperature solar collector to heat the building, and at the same time can Supply domestic hot water. In the non-heating period, the system switches to the low-temperature power generation operation mode. Under the premise of ensuring the domestic hot water of the users, the low-temperature heat energy absorbed in the solar collector is converted into electric energy through the organic Rankine cycle partly by using air energy as the cold source. For construction use.
1.太阳能空气源热泵供暖供热水系统1. Solar air source heat pump heating and hot water system
在采暖期，关闭第二旁路上的截止阀V6，同时，打开其他截止阀V1～V5，进入太阳能空气源热泵供暖供热水系统运行模式；具体过程是：启动第一水泵2，将储水箱1中的水打入太阳能集热器3中吸热升温后送回储水箱1，完成太阳能集热器热水循环。当太阳能不足时，启动永磁电动发电一体化电机6以电动模式运行驱动压缩膨胀双功能机头5以压缩模式运行将低位换热器4中产生的干饱和气态有机工质加压升温后送入高位换热器7中放热凝结为饱和液体，经过截止阀V5，进入膨胀阀8降压降温为低干度湿蒸气，然后再经过热泵单向阀C1后被引入到低位换热器4中吸热蒸发为干饱和蒸气完成空气源热泵工质侧循环。在空气源热泵低位风侧，启动风机10实现空气与热泵工质的强制对流换热，将空气能传递给工质。在空气源热泵高位水侧，启动第二水泵11将储水箱1中的水打入高位侧换热器7中吸热升温后送入储水箱1完成循环。太阳能集热器热水系统或空气源热泵系统制备的热水储存在储水箱1中用于采暖与供应生活热水。其中，采暖回水经过截止阀V2进入储水箱1中的内置盘管吸热升温后经过截止阀V1排出供给建筑采暖完成供暖水循环；自来水经过截止阀V4进入储水箱1中的内置盘管吸热升温后经过截止阀V3排出供给建筑生活热水。In the heating period, close the cut-off valve V6 on the second bypass, and open the other cut-off valves V1-V5 at the same time to enter the operation mode of the solar air source heat pump heating and hot water system; the specific process is: start the first water pump 2, turn the water storage tank The water in 1 is poured into the solar heat collector 3 to absorb heat and heat up and then sent back to the water storage tank 1 to complete the hot water circulation of the solar heat collector. When the solar energy is insufficient, start the permanent magnet electric power generation integrated motor 6 to operate in the electric mode, drive the compression expansion dual-function head 5 to operate in the compression mode, and send the dry saturated gaseous organic working fluid generated in the low-level heat exchanger 4 to pressurize and heat up. It enters the high-level heat exchanger 7 to release heat and condense into a saturated liquid. After passing through the stop valve V5, it enters the expansion valve 8 to reduce the pressure and temperature to become a low-dryness wet steam, and then it is introduced into the low-level heat exchanger 4 after passing through the heat pump check valve C1. Medium endothermic evaporation is dry saturated vapor to complete the air source heat pump working fluid side cycle. On the low wind side of the air source heat pump, the blower fan 10 is started to realize the forced convection heat exchange between the air and the heat pump working medium, and transfer the air energy to the working medium. On the high-level water side of the air source heat pump, start the second water pump 11 to drive the water in the water storage tank 1 into the high-level side heat exchanger 7 to absorb heat and heat up, then send it to the water storage tank 1 to complete the cycle. The hot water prepared by the solar collector hot water system or the air source heat pump system is stored in the water storage tank 1 for heating and domestic hot water supply. Among them, the heating return water enters the built-in coil in the water storage tank 1 through the shut-off valve V2 to absorb heat and heat up, and then discharges through the shut-off valve V1 to supply building heating to complete the heating water cycle; the tap water enters the built-in coil in the water storage tank 1 to absorb heat through the shut-off valve V4 After the temperature rises, it is discharged through the stop valve V3 to supply domestic hot water for the building.
2.热水型太阳能发电供热水系统2. Hot water solar power hot water supply system
在非采暖期，关闭设置在采暖供水管路、采暖回水管路和第一旁路上的截止阀V1、V2、V5，同时，打开其他截止阀V3、V4、V6，进入热水型太阳能发电供热水运行模式。具体过程是：启动第一水泵2将储水箱1中的水打入太阳能集热器3中吸热升温后送入储水箱1完成太阳能集热器热水循环，用于低温发电与生活热水供应；同时，启动工质泵9，低位侧换热器4中产生的饱和液态有机工质经过截止阀V6进入工质泵9被加压升温后，经过发电单向阀C2打入高位侧换热器7中吸热蒸发为高压高温的干饱和蒸气，进入压缩膨胀双功能机头5以膨胀模式运行，同时驱动永磁电动发电一体化电机6以发电模式运行产生电能并输出，膨胀后的低压低温气态工质进入低位侧换热器4中凝结为饱和液体完成低温发电工质侧循环；在低温发电低位风侧，启动风机10实现空气与发电工质的强制对流换热，将工质中的热量传递给空气，释放到大气中；在低温发电高位水侧，启动第二水泵11将储水箱1中的水打入高位侧换热器7中放热降温后送入储水箱1完成低温发电热水循环；在生活热水供应系统中自来水经过截止阀V4进入储水器1中的的第二管程吸热升温后经过截止阀V3排出供给建筑生活热水。In the non-heating period, close the cut-off valves V1, V2, V5 set on the heating water supply pipeline, heating return water pipeline and the first bypass, and open other cut-off valves V3, V4, V6 at the same time to enter the hot water solar power supply Hot water operation mode. The specific process is: start the first water pump 2, pump the water in the water storage tank 1 into the solar heat collector 3 to absorb heat and heat up, and then send it to the water storage tank 1 to complete the hot water cycle of the solar heat collector, which is used for low-temperature power generation and domestic hot water supply; at the same time, start the working medium pump 9, and the saturated liquid organic working medium produced in the low-level side heat exchanger 4 enters the working medium pump 9 through the stop valve V6 and is pressurized and heated, and enters the high-level side heat exchanger through the power generation check valve C2 The heat absorbed in the heater 7 is evaporated into high-pressure and high-temperature dry saturated steam, which enters the compression-expansion dual-function head 5 to operate in the expansion mode, and simultaneously drives the permanent magnet electric power generation integrated motor 6 to operate in the power generation mode to generate and output electric energy. The low-pressure and low-temperature gaseous working medium enters the low-level side heat exchanger 4 and condenses into a saturated liquid to complete the side circulation of the low-temperature power generation working medium; on the low-level wind side of low-temperature power generation, the fan 10 is started to realize the forced convection heat exchange between the air and the power generation working medium, and the working medium The heat in the water is transferred to the air and released into the atmosphere; on the high-level water side of low-temperature power generation, the second water pump 11 is started to pump the water in the water storage tank 1 into the high-level side heat exchanger 7 to release heat and cool down, and then send it to the water storage tank 1 to complete Low-temperature power generation hot water cycle; in the domestic hot water supply system, tap water enters the second tube side of the water storage 1 through the stop valve V4, absorbs heat and heats up, and then discharges through the stop valve V3 to supply domestic hot water for the building.
以天津市为例，本发明提出的热水型太阳能空气能热电联产一体化系统全年内产生的经济以及环境效益分析如下。Taking Tianjin City as an example, the economic and environmental benefits generated by the hot water type solar air energy combined heat and power integrated system proposed in the present invention are analyzed as follows.
天津市位于东经117°10′，北纬39°06′，属于我国太阳能资源很丰富的地区，全年辐射量在5040～6300MJ/m2之间，相当于172～215kg标准煤燃烧所发出的热量。根据《民用建筑太阳能热水系统工程技术手册》，天津市太阳能工程设计所用的各月气象参数如表1所示，其中：Tianjin is located at 117°10′ east longitude and 39°06′ north latitude. It belongs to an area rich in solar energy resources in China. The annual radiation is between 5040 and 6300MJ/ m2 , which is equivalent to the heat emitted by burning 172 to 215kg of standard coal. . According to the "Civil Building Solar Water Heating System Engineering Technical Manual", the monthly meteorological parameters used in solar energy engineering design in Tianjin are shown in Table 1, in which:
Ta——月平均室外气温，℃；T a ——monthly average outdoor air temperature, °C;
Ht——水平面太阳总辐射月平均日辐照量，MJ/(m2·d)；H t —— monthly average daily solar radiation on the horizontal plane, MJ/(m 2 ·d);
Hd——水平面太阳散射辐射月平均日辐照量，MJ/(m2·d)；H d ——Monthly mean daily radiation of solar diffuse radiation on the horizontal plane, MJ/(m 2 ·d);
Hb——水平面太阳直射辐射月平均日辐照量，MJ/(m2·d)；H b ——the monthly average daily radiation amount of direct solar radiation on the horizontal plane, MJ/(m 2 ·d);
H——倾角等于当地纬度倾斜表面上太阳总辐射月平均日辐照量，MJ/(m2·d)；H——The inclination angle is equal to the monthly average daily solar radiation on the inclined surface at the local latitude, MJ/(m 2 ·d);
H0——大气层上界面上太阳总辐射月平均日辐照量，MJ/(m2·d)；H 0 —— monthly average daily solar radiation on the upper interface of the atmosphere, MJ/(m 2 ·d);
Sm——月日照小时数，h；S m - monthly sunshine hours, h;
Kt——大气晴朗指数。K t ——Atmospheric fineness index.
表1天津市太阳能工程设计所用的各月气象参数Table 1 Meteorological parameters of each month used in solar energy engineering design in Tianjin
由于不同建筑类型对于生活热水的需求不尽相同，因此本次计算中不涉及生活热水的供应。取天津市采暖期为11月15日至3月15日，共121天。以倾角等于当地纬度倾角平面上的月平均日辐射量，进行单位平方太阳能集热器采光面积热水型太阳能空气能热电联产一体化系统采暖期供热量、非采暖期发电量的计算。其中基于采光面积的太阳能集热器工作效率取50％；管路和水箱的热损失率为10％；取低温发电运行模式机组的发电效率为6％；天津市供热计量价格每千瓦时0.25元；太阳能热发电上网电价为每千瓦时1.15元。此外，热力与标准煤的折算系数按热量当量值进行计算，而电力的折标系数则根据电力行业2016年度发展报告取0.315kg/(kW·h)，同时取单位标煤CO2排放量为2.65kg/kg，SO2排放量为1.49g/kg，NOx排放量为1.37g/kg。相关计算结果表2所示。Since different building types have different demands for domestic hot water, the supply of domestic hot water is not involved in this calculation. The heating period in Tianjin is from November 15th to March 15th, a total of 121 days. The monthly average daily radiation on a plane with an inclination equal to the local latitude is used to calculate the heat supply in the heating period and the power generation in the non-heating period of the hot water type solar air energy combined heat and power integrated system of the solar collector daylighting area per square meter. Among them, the working efficiency of solar collectors based on the daylighting area is 50%; the heat loss rate of pipelines and water tanks is 10%; the power generation efficiency of units in low-temperature power generation operation mode is 6%; the heating metering price in Tianjin is 0.25 per kWh The on-grid electricity price for solar thermal power generation is 1.15 yuan per kWh. In addition, the conversion coefficient of heat power and standard coal is calculated according to the heat equivalent value, while the conversion coefficient of electric power is 0.315kg/(kW·h) according to the 2016 annual development report of the electric power industry, and the CO 2 emission per unit of standard coal is taken at the same time. is 2.65kg/kg, SO 2 emissions are 1.49g/kg, and NO x emissions are 1.37g/kg. The relevant calculation results are shown in Table 2.
表2热水型太阳能空气能热电联产一体化系统经济与环境效益计算结果Table 2 Calculation results of economic and environmental benefits of the hot water solar air energy combined heat and power integrated system
从表2可以得出，以天津市为例，对于单位平方太阳能集热器采光面积，本发明提出的热水型太阳能空气能热电联产一体化系统，太阳能采暖期供热量为915kW·h，非采暖期发电量为24kW·h，全年的经济收益总值为91元，节省标煤39kg，CO2、SO2、NOx减排量分别为103kg、58g、53g。可见，热水型太阳能空气能热电联产一体化系统的实施将会带来一定的经济与环境效益。It can be drawn from Table 2 that, taking Tianjin as an example, for the solar collector daylighting area per square meter, the hot water type solar air energy combined heat and power integrated system proposed by the present invention has a heat supply of 915kW h in the solar heating period , the power generation in the non-heating period is 24kW·h, the total economic income of the year is 91 yuan, the standard coal saving is 39kg, and the emission reductions of CO 2 , SO 2 , and NO x are 103kg, 58g, and 53g, respectively. It can be seen that the implementation of the hot water solar air energy combined heat and power integrated system will bring certain economic and environmental benefits.
尽管上面结合附图对本发明进行了描述，但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明宗旨的情况下，还可以做出很多变形，这些均属于本发明的保护之内。Although the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and the above-mentioned specific embodiments are only illustrative, rather than restrictive. Under the enlightenment of the present invention, many modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection of the present invention.
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