CN207334870U - District passive form solar heating system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a passive solar heating system for a residential area, including a solar collector, a plate heat exchanger, a domestic hot water tank, a hot water supply tank, an air source heat pump, a water source heat pump, a municipal water supply pipe, a domestic water supply pipe and a user fresh air system. The antifreeze heat transfer medium in the solar collector exchanges the heat absorbed by the solar collector to the domestic hot water tank and the hot water supply tank on the roof through the plate heat exchanger; the heat transfer medium in the air source heat pump system exchanges the heat generated by the air source heat pump to the domestic hot water tank and the hot water supply tank on the roof. The domestic hot water tank is used to provide domestic hot water for each user through the domestic hot water circulation pipe, and the hot water supply tank is used to heat the fresh air integrated machine on each floor. The solar collector gives priority to satisfying the domestic hot water supply of users. When it is cloudy, rainy, snowy or the sunshine duration is limited, the water source heat pump unit is turned on to increase the water temperature of the hot water supply tank to reach the water supply temperature required by the fresh air fans on each floor.

Description

A residential passive solar heating system

technical field

The utility model relates to a passive solar heating system for a residential area, which belongs to the technical field of building energy-saving equipment.

Background technique

As a clean and renewable energy source, solar energy can better meet the needs of energy conservation and emission reduction in the process of heating and cooling. But there are also its defects: solar energy is greatly affected by the region and weather, and cannot meet the energy demand well. Therefore, in order to better meet the 24-hour heat demand of consumers, the complementary use of solar energy and other energy sources has become an inevitable trend. Especially with the expansion of solar energy application fields, solar energy and other energy sources are complementary. In specific use, solar energy alone often cannot meet the heat demand, and solar energy is complementary to heat pumps, gas, electricity, biomass and other energy sources. increasingly common.

Therefore, if multi-energy complementary technology, energy cascade utilization technology, low-temperature and high-efficiency heating technology are adopted, and the central intelligent control system is used to realize the coordinated optimal control of solar water heating units, heat pump water heating units and auxiliary heating devices, building energy consumption can be greatly reduced. Based on this, solar energy and environmental heat sources should be used first, and air source heat pumps and water source heat pumps should be used as supplementary energy to achieve energy saving, environmental protection, health and sustainable hot water supply, which can solve the limitations of using single energy products in domestic hot water supply , realize the complementary advantages of various energy products, minimize the consumption of traditional energy, and meet the demand for high-quality domestic hot water. At the same time, the system can fully meet the user's fresh air heating demand. Maximize the use of clean energy such as solar energy and air energy.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the existing technical problems, the utility model provides a passive solar heating system for residential quarters, with the purpose of fully satisfying users' demand for fresh air heating. Maximize the use of clean energy such as solar energy and air energy, and intend to solve the problems existing in the existing technology.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solutions: a passive solar heating system for a residential area, which includes a solar collector, a plate heat exchanger, a domestic hot water tank, a hot water supply tank, an air source heat pump, a water source heat pump, a municipal Water supply pipes, domestic water supply pipes and fresh air systems for users, wherein the solar heat collector is connected to a plate heat exchanger, and the plate heat exchanger is connected to a domestic hot water tank and a hot water supply tank installed on the roof of the building , the domestic hot water tank and the hot water supply tank are also connected to the air heat source pump, the domestic hot water tank is also connected to a municipal water supply pipe and a domestic water supply pipe, and the hot water supply tank is also connected to the water source The heat pump is connected to the user's fresh air system to provide hot water for the user's fresh air system, wherein the water outlet of the hot water supply tank is connected to the water inlet of the user's fresh air system through a pipe with a valve one, and the A valve 2 is set between the water outlet of the water source heat pump and the water inlet of the user's fresh air system, and a valve 3 is set between the water return port of the hot water supply tank and the recovery port of the water source heat pump. A valve four is arranged between the recovery ports of the system.

Further, preferably, a water pump is provided on the solar heat collector, the plate heat exchanger and the air source heat pump.

Further, preferably, a softened water pipe is communicated with the hot water supply tank, and a pressure gauge is arranged on the softened water pipe.

Further, as a preference, the user fresh air systems of each user are set in parallel.

Further, preferably, both the domestic hot water tank and the hot water supply tank are provided with temperature sensors.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

(1) The utility model adopts a high-efficiency solar collector and a plate heat exchanger, which not only ensures high thermal efficiency, but also ensures the reliability of the solar system and the coordination with the building.

(2) The heat energy obtained by the solar energy on the roof of the utility model is automatically shared by each household.

(3) When the solar heating is insufficient, the auxiliary heating is provided by the air source heat pump.

(4) The system gives priority to the use of solar energy, and the auxiliary heat source only provides the insufficient part, fully saving energy.

(5) Give priority to providing domestic hot water for users.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a passive solar heating system in a residential area of the present invention;

Among them, 1. Solar heat collector, 2. Plate heat exchanger, 3. Domestic hot water tank, 4. Hot water supply tank, 5. Air source heat pump, 6. Water source heat pump, 7. Municipal water supply pipe, 8. Domestic water Water supply pipe, 9. User fresh air system, F1, valve one, F2, valve two, F3, valve three, F4, valve four.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. example. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present utility model.

Please refer to Figure 1, the utility model provides a technical solution: a passive solar heating system for a community, which includes a solar collector 1, a plate heat exchanger 2, a domestic hot water tank 3, a hot water supply tank 4, and an air source heat pump 5. Water source heat pump 6, municipal water supply pipe 7, domestic water supply pipe 8 and user fresh air system 9, wherein the solar collector 1 is connected to the plate heat exchanger 2, and the plate heat exchanger 2 is connected to the building The domestic hot water tank 3 and the hot water supply tank 4 on the roof of the building are connected, and the domestic hot water tank 3 and the hot water supply tank 4 are also connected with the air heat source pump 5, and the domestic hot water tank 3 is also connected with Municipal water supply pipes and 7 domestic water supply pipes 8, the hot water supply tank 4 is also connected to the water source heat pump 5 and then connected to the user's fresh air system 9, so as to provide hot water for the user's fresh air system, wherein the hot water tank The water outlet of the user's fresh air system is connected with the water inlet of the user's fresh air system through a pipe with valve one F1, and a valve two F2 is set between the water outlet of the water source heat pump and the water inlet of the user's fresh air system. A valve three F3 is set between the water return port of the water source heat pump and the recovery port of the water source heat pump, and a valve four F4 is set between the water return port of the hot water supply tank and the recovery port of the user's fresh air system.

Principle of the present utility model is as follows:

The solar heat collection system of this system gives priority to satisfying the user's domestic hot water supply; when it is rainy, snowy or when the sunshine duration is limited, the water source heat pump unit is turned on to increase the water temperature of the hot water tank to meet the supply water temperature required by the fresh air fans on each floor .

When it is rainy, snowy or with limited sunshine duration, solar energy and air sources cannot meet the domestic hot water and heating needs at the same time, and when the return water temperature on the user side of the hot water tank is lower than 30 °C, valve one F1, valve Four F4 is closed, valve 2 F2 and valve 3 F3 are opened, and the water source heat pump unit is started to raise the water temperature twice to meet the required water supply temperature and send it to the fresh air unit; when the solar and air source heat pumps can meet domestic hot water and heating at the same time When required, when the return water temperature on the user side of the hot water tank is higher than 30°C, valve 1 F1 and valve 4 F4 are opened, valve 2 F2 and valve 3 F3 are closed, the water source heat pump unit is not started, and the combination of solar energy and air source heat pump is directly used heating.

In this embodiment, in order to improve the water supply effect, the solar heat collector, the plate heat exchanger and the air source heat pump are all provided with water pumps. A softened water pipe is connected to the hot water supply tank, and a pressure gauge is arranged on the softened water pipe. The user fresh air system of each user is set in parallel. Both the domestic hot water tank and the hot water supply tank are provided with temperature sensors.

The technical scheme of the utility model is carried out to implement practical demonstration below:

1. Technical analysis

(1) Calculation of the area of the flat plate collector

The utility model adopts a high-efficiency flat plate heat collector, which not only ensures higher thermal efficiency, but also ensures the reliability of the solar energy system and the coordination with the building. Since the Haidong area is in a severe cold area, the ambient temperature is low in winter, and an indirect system is adopted.

The total collector area is calculated as follows:

In the formula:

—Total area of heat collectors in the indirect system, m ² ; — total area of direct system collectors, m ² ; — Heat transfer coefficient of heat exchanger, W/(m ² ℃); — heat exchanger area, W/(m ² ℃); — building heat consumption, W; ——The guarantee rate of solar energy is 30%, which is selected according to the area of solar energy resources; ——The average daily solar radiation on the daylighting surface of the local collector, Haidong City (refer to Xining City) is 17.336MJ/(m ² ·d); - the average heat collection efficiency of the collector based on the total area; ——Heat loss rate of pipelines and heat storage devices; calculate the total area of solar collectors as 360m ² .

(2) Calculation of solar energy guarantee rate

Taking Xining as an example, Table 1 Xining solar radiation parameter table:

(3) Guaranteed rate of solar energy in the heating season

The heat absorbed by the collector in each month of the heating season = the inclination angle of the heating day in the current month is equal to the total monthly solar radiation on the inclined surface at the local latitude (MJ/m ² ) * collector area (m ² ) * average value of the collector based on the total area Heat collection efficiency (28%)

The total amount of collector absorption in the heating season is: 95105 kWh

Solar energy guarantee rate in heating season: 95105/144348*100%=65.9%

(4) Guaranteed rate of solar energy in non-heating seasons

The heat absorbed by the collector in each month in the non-heating season = the inclination angle of the non-heating day in the current month is equal to the total monthly solar radiation on the inclined surface at the local latitude (MJ/m ² ) * collector area (m ² ) * heat collection based on the total area The average heat collection efficiency of the collector (28%)

The guarantee rate of solar energy for users in non-heating seasons is 94585/80856*100%=117%, exceeding 100%.

During the non-heating season, solar energy can fully guarantee domestic hot water demand.

(5) System flow calculation

Calculation of maximum flow of solar antifreeze and determination of water pump

The area of the solar panel heat collector of the utility model is 360m ² ; the flow per unit area of the solar heat collector of the large-scale concentrated solar heating system is at most 0.06m ³ /h·m ² .

The maximum flow of solar antifreeze in this system is 21.6 m ³ /h. Two water pumps are selected with a flow rate of 12 m ³ /h.

Confirmation of hot water storage tank and expansion tank

This utility model is a short-term heat storage solar heating system, and a hot water storage tank with a capacity of 50L/m ² is selected according to the "Technical Specifications for Solar Heating Engineering". Choose 2 water tanks, the volume of which is 360*50/2=9m ³ .

The expansion tank is determined to be 200L according to the system water capacity and water supply pipeline.

Heat pump selection calculation

The utility model adopts an air source heat pump and a water source heat pump as auxiliary heat sources of solar energy. The building heating load is 82.785kW, the domestic hot water load is 29.62kW, and the total load is 112.405kW.

In the case of continuous rainy, snowy weather, and insufficient solar energy, the selection of air source heat pump needs to meet the load of all domestic hot water and the load of heating water tanks heated to 30°C. The selection of the water source heat pump needs to meet the load design calculation required to heat the heating water tank from 30°C to the water supply temperature of the fresh fan at 55°C.

Air source heat pump heating capacity: 72kW, choose 2 "RSJ-Y380/MSN1-H" ultra-low temperature heat pumps, the total heating capacity is 76kW.

Water source heat pump heating capacity: 40.58kW, select one "MDS-W140AR" model water source heat pump unit, the total heating capacity is 41kW, and the water flow rate on the water source side is 3.5 m³/h. The volume of the hot water tank is 9m ³ , and the volume of the hot water tank meets the water flow requirements on the water source side.

Fresh air unit selection calculation

In the utility model, one fresh air unit is installed on each floor, and the heating load of each floor is 4.6 kW. The selected parameters of the fresh air unit are: sensible heat exchange efficiency ≥ 75%, heating capacity 5.60kW, and fresh air volume 360m³/h.

2. Economic Analysis

Initial investment estimate

The initial investment estimate of the utility model is shown in Table 2

Table 2 Estimation of initial investment in combined heating scheme of solar energy + air source + water source heat pump

The total initial investment of this utility model is 1.054 million yuan (including the fresh air integrated machine), and the average initial investment per household is about 15,500 yuan, and the initial investment per square meter of construction area is about 95.7 yuan.

Running Cost Estimation

In addition to the routine maintenance and overhaul of the system during the operation of the system, the operating cost of this scheme is mainly the power consumption of the air source heat pump, fresh air fan, and circulating water pump.

Air source heat pump power consumption

Annual power consumption of air source heat pump = (hot water supply demand in heating season - collector absorption capacity * heat exchange efficiency + heating demand in heating season * 26/51) / air source heat pump COP

Among them, the heat exchange efficiency is taken as 0.85, the COP of the air source heat pump is taken as 3.5, and the annual power consumption of the air source heat pump is calculated to be 9315kWh.

Water source heat pump power consumption

Annual power consumption of water source heat pump = (water supply demand in heating season + heating demand in heating season - collector absorption * heat exchange efficiency - air source heat pump heating) / water source heat pump COP

Among them, the heat exchange efficiency is taken as 0.85, the COP of the water source heat pump is taken as 4.5, and the annual power consumption of the water source heat pump is calculated to be 6868kWh.

Fresh air power consumption

The utility model adopts the fresh air integrated machine for heating, and operates 24 hours in the heating season. The power of the fresh air all-in-one machine is 0.15kW, and the system has a total of 17 fresh air all-in-one machines. The power consumption in the heating season is 11199.6kWh.

Pump power consumption

The heat collecting circulation pump is estimated according to the pump power of 0.01kW per square meter of heat collector area. The power of the utility model circulation pump is 3.6kW, and it operates for 5.5 hours per day (the average daily sunshine hours in Haidong is 5.5 hours. , according to different control strategies, the average daily operation of the heat collector circulation pump will not exceed 5.5 hours, this report is the most conservative estimate), and the total annual power consumption is 7227kWh.

The power consumption of other circulating pumps is approximately 1 times the power consumption of heat-collecting circulating pumps, which is 7227kWh.

The annual electricity consumption of this system is 41837kWh.

The electricity price for residents in Qinghai Province is 0.427 yuan/kWh, and the annual electricity fee for this system is 17,864 yuan.

The system generally runs automatically, and only needs to be patrolled and inspected every day. It does not require special personnel for maintenance and management. It only requires a small amount of expenses such as roof tank cleaning. The annual maintenance cost can generally be considered as 1% of the total investment, and the annual maintenance cost is 9320 yuan.

The total operating cost is 27,184 yuan per year, and the average annual operating cost per household is only 400 yuan, equivalent to 2.48 yuan per square meter of construction area per year.

Payback Period Estimation

Conventional energy heating scheme, using conventional gas boilers for central heating and gas water heaters for domestic hot water. The initial investment should include the civil engineering cost of the boiler room, the cost of the boiler and its auxiliary equipment, the cost of boiler installation and commissioning, the material cost and construction cost of the heat pipe network, the material cost of the indoor heating system, the cost of the gas water heater and the construction cost.

The initial investment cost of conventional energy heating is calculated at 55 yuan/m ² , the initial investment cost of household gas water heaters is 3,500 yuan per household, and the total initial investment of conventional systems is 841,000 yuan.

The efficiency of conventional gas boiler is 89%, the efficiency of gas water heater is 80%, and the calorific value of gas is 35.3 MJ/m ³ , so 7167m ³ of heating gas can be saved every year, and 20507 m ³ of domestic hot water gas can be used for heating for residents in Xining City, Qinghai. The price of natural gas is 1.07 yuan/m ³ , and the price of domestic natural gas is 1.25 yuan/m ³ , saving 33,302 yuan per year.

Compared with the conventional energy system, the utility model system has an initial investment incremental cost of 213,000 yuan, and an annual operating cost saving of 6,118 yuan. The simple payback period of the system is 35 years.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes and modifications can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention , replacements and modifications, the scope of the present utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of cell passive type solar energy heating system, it include solar thermal collector, plate heat exchanger, domestic hot-water's case, Heat supply water tank, air source heat pump, water resource heat pump, municipal water supply pipe, domestic water feed pipe and user's fresh air system, wherein, institute Solar thermal collector is stated to be connected with plate heat exchanger, the plate heat exchanger and be arranged on building roof domestic hot-water's case, Heat supply water tank connects, and domestic hot-water's case, heat supply water tank are also pumped with the air heat source and connected, on domestic hot-water's case It is also associated with municipal water supply pipe and domestic water feed pipe, the heat supply water tank is also connected with after the water resource heat pump and the user Fresh air system connects, to provide hot water for user's fresh air system, wherein, the water outlet of the heat supply water tank and the user are new The pipe with valve one is used to connect between the water inlet of wind system, water outlet and the user's fresh air system of the water resource heat pump Valve two is provided between water inlet, valve three is provided between the water return outlet and water resource heat pump recovery port of the heat supply water tank, Valve four is provided between the water return outlet of the heat supply water tank and the recovery port of user's fresh air system.

A kind of 2. cell passive type solar energy heating system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The solar energy collection Water pump is both provided with hot device, plate heat exchanger and air source heat pump.

A kind of 3. cell passive type solar energy heating system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The heat supply water tank On be also communicated with softening water pipe, and be provided with pressure gauge on the softening water pipe.

A kind of 4. cell passive type solar energy heating system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The use of each user Family fresh air system is arranged in parallel.

A kind of 5. cell passive type solar energy heating system according to claim 1-4 any one, it is characterised in that：It is raw Temperature sensor is both provided with boiler and heat supply water tank living.