CN108374741A - 用于乙醇混合燃料喷射器应用的金刚石样碳(dlc)涂层 - Google Patents
用于乙醇混合燃料喷射器应用的金刚石样碳(dlc)涂层 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
车辆零件或部件包括配置为接触包含乙醇的燃料的表面。该表面具有设置在该表面上的非氢化金刚石样碳(NH‑DLC)材料层。NH‑DLC层具有大于或等于约100nm至小于或等于约100μm的厚度。NH‑DLC材料具有大于或等于约90原子%(at.%)的碳含量、大于或等于约60%至小于或等于约100%的碳‑碳sp3杂化键含量,以及大于或等于约0至小于或等于约40%的碳‑碳sp2杂化键含量。NH‑DLC材料基本不含氢原子。还提供了制造车辆零件或部件的方法。
Description
引言
本节提供了与本公开有关的不一定是现有技术的背景信息。
由内燃机提供动力的车辆具有存储燃料并将燃料传递到内燃机的燃料传递系统。通常,燃料系统包括单元,这些单元包括燃料箱、燃料泵、燃料过滤器、传送单元、燃料轨、燃料喷射器以及在单元之间运输燃料的一系列导管。由于燃料系统的各单元接触燃料,一些单元处于升高温度,故这些单元必须能够承受热引起的和/或燃料引起的腐蚀。
许多车辆具有至少部分地(如果不是完全地)由替代燃料提供动力的内燃机,这有助于降低石油使用和温室气体排放。一些车辆,即柔性燃料车辆或双燃料车辆(还称为“多用燃料车辆”)具有设计成以多于一种燃料诸如汽油和备选燃料的混合来运行的内燃机。
一种这种燃料是乙醇,其可以由玉米、谷物或其他生物质资源生成。然而,一些车辆具有以纯100%乙醇(即,E100燃料)运行的内燃机,其他车辆具有以乙醇混合燃料,诸如E5(5%乙醇)、E7(7%乙醇)、E10(10%乙醇)、E20(20%乙醇)、E22(22%乙醇)、E25(25%乙醇)、E70(70%乙醇)、E75(75%乙醇)、E85(85%乙醇)、E95(95%乙醇)燃料运行的内燃机。由于乙醇导致各种材料腐蚀,故接触包含乙醇的燃料的车辆部件诸如燃料传递系统的单元获益于抵抗腐蚀的涂层。随着包含乙醇的燃料在全世界的使用增加,需要一种承受由乙醇或乙醇和热的组合导致的腐蚀的新涂层。
发明内容
该节提供本公开的概括性总结,且不是其全范围或其所有特征的全面公开。
当前技术提供了一种车辆部件,该车辆部件包括配置为接触包含乙醇的燃料的表面和设置在该表面上的非氢化金刚石样碳(NH-DLC)材料层,该层具有大于或等于约100nm至小于或等于约100μm的厚度。NH-DLC材料具有大于或等于约90原子%(at.%)的碳含量、大于或等于约60%至小于或等于约100%的碳-碳sp3杂化键含量,以及大于或等于约0至小于或等于约40%的碳-碳sp2杂化键含量。NH-DLC材料基本不含氢原子。
在各实施例中,该部件由钢合金或陶瓷构成。
在各实施例中,NH-DLC材料不包含任何氢原子。
在各实施例中,NH-DLC材料具有大于或等于约80%至小于或等于约100%的碳-碳sp3杂化键含量。
在各实施例中,NH-DLC材料具有大于或等于约0%至小于或等于约20%的碳-碳sp2杂化键含量。
在各实施例中,NH-DLC材料包括掺杂物。
在各实施例中,NH-DLC材料层具有大于或等于约1μm至小于或等于约25μm的厚度。
在各实施例中,NH-DLC材料进一步包含大于0at.%至小于或等于约10at.%的掺杂材料,该掺杂材料选自钙(Ca)、锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)、硼(B)、钨(W)、铂(Pt)、金(Au)、银(Ag)、铜(Cu)、铬(Cr)、铝(Al)、钛(Ti)、氮(N)、磷(P)、硅(Si)及其组合组成的组。
在各实施例中,车辆部件是燃料喷射器、进气阀、排气阀、气缸、活塞、火花塞、燃料泵、发送单元、燃料箱或其组合。
在各实施例中,车辆部件是选自喷嘴、阀、阀针、阀座、球及其组合组成的组的燃料喷射器零件。
当前技术还提供了包括壳体的燃料喷射器,该壳体具有与燃料喷射组件连通的喷嘴,该喷嘴包括阀座、排放孔口,和抵靠阀座设置的喷射阀,燃料喷射组件配置为使喷射阀移动远离阀座以允许包含乙醇的燃料流动穿过喷嘴,其中,喷嘴、阀座、排放孔口以及喷射阀中的至少一个的表面的至少一部分包括非氢化金刚石样碳(NH-DLC)材料层。NH-DLC材料具有大于或等于约90原子%(at.%)的碳含量,大于或等于约60%至小于或等于约100%的碳-碳sp3杂化键含量,和大于或等于约0至小于或等于约40%的碳-碳sp2杂化键含量。NH-DLC材料基本不含氢原子。
在各实施例中,NH-DLC材料不包含任何氢原子。
在各实施例中,NH-DLC材料层具有大于或等于约100nm至小于或等于约100μm的厚度。
在各实施例中,包含乙醇的燃料包括大于或等于约1%体积乙醇。
在各实施例中,包括NH-DLC材料层的燃料喷射器的至少一部分对由包含乙醇的燃料造成的热和腐蚀性损坏是惰性的。
在各实施例中,该表面配置为接触包含乙醇的燃料。
当前技术还提供了保护车辆部件免受与包含乙醇的燃料接触造成的热和腐蚀性损坏。该方法包括将非氢化金刚石样碳(NH-DLC)材料层设置到配置为接触包含乙醇的燃料的车辆部件的表面并使具有NH-DLC材料层的车辆零件的表面与包含乙醇的燃料接触。NH-DLC材料具有大于或等于约90原子%(at.%)的碳含量、大于或等于约60%至小于或等于约100%的碳-碳sp3杂化键含量,以及大于或等于约0至小于或等于约40%的碳-碳sp2杂化键含量。NH-DLC材料基本不含氢原子。
在各实施例中,车辆部件是燃料喷射器、进气阀、排气阀、气缸、活塞、火花塞、燃料泵、发送单元、燃料箱或其组合。
在各实施例中,设置是通过过滤阴极真空电弧、离子束淀积、等离子体增强化学气相沉积、脉冲激光淀积,或等离子浸入离子注入执行的。
在各实施例中,设置层包括将具有大于或等于约100nm至小于或等于100μm的NH-DLC层设置到车辆部件的表面。
附图说明
选定实施例以及并非所有可能的实施方式的在本文描述的附图仅用于示例目的,且不试图限制本公开的范围。
图1示出了内燃机的剖面图;
图2示出了根据本公开的某些方面制备的燃料喷射器的剖面图;
图3A示出了从包括氢化金刚石样碳层的车辆部件获得的拉曼频谱结果;
图3B是示出了设置在车辆零件上的氢化金刚石样碳层中的腐蚀的显微图;以及
图4示出了从包括非氢化金刚石样碳层的车辆部件获得的拉曼频谱结果。
在所有几个附图中,相应的附图标记指代相应的零件。
具体实施方式
提供实例性实施例使得本公开将是详尽的,且将向本领域技术人员充分传达该范围。阐述了许多特定细节,诸如特定组合物、部件、装置和方法的实例,以提供本公开的实施例的全面理解。本领域技术人员将清楚,不需要运用这些具体细节,实例性实施例可以以多种不同的形式来实现并且也不应被解释为限制本公开的范围。在一些实例性实施例中,不再详细地描述公知的过程,公知的装置结构以及公知的技术。
本文所使用的术语仅用于描述特定实例性实施例的目的,且不旨在限制。如本文所用的单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”也旨在包括复数形式,除非上下文另外明确指出。术语“包括(comprises)”、“包含(comprising)”“包括(including)”以及“具有”是包括性的,并且因此说明所述特征、元件、组合物、步骤、整体、操作,和/或部件的存在,但不排除一个或多个其他特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件、部件、和/或其组合的存在或添加。尽管开放式术语“包括”应当理解为用于描述和保护本文所述的各种实施例的非限制性术语,但在某些方面,术语,相反,术语可以可选择地理解为更加限制和限制性术语,诸如“由……组成”或“基本由……组成”。因此,对于详述组合物、材料、部件、元件、特征、整体、操作,和/或工序的任何给定实施例,本公开还具体包括由或基本由这种所述组合物、材料、部件、元件、特征、整体、操作,和/或工序组成的实施例。在“由……组成”的情况下,备选实施例排除任何附加组合物、材料、部件、元件、特征、整体、操作,和/或工序,而在“基本由……组成”的情况下,本质上影响基本特征和新颖性特征的任何附加组合物、材料、部件、元件、特征、整体、操作,和/或工序从这种实施例中排除,但本质上不影响基本特征和新颖性特征的任何组合物、材料、部件、元件、特征、整体、操作,和/或工序可以包括在该实施例中。
本文所述的任何方法步骤、过程和操作不应被认为是必须要求它们以所讨论或所示的特定顺序执行,除非具体指出了执行的顺序。还应注意,可以应用附加或备选步骤,除非另外说明。
当一个部件、元件或层被称为在另一元件或层“上”,“接合到”、“连接到”或“联接到”另一元件或层时,它可以是直接在该另一元件或层上、直接接合、连接或联接到另一元件或层,或者可以存在中介元件或层。相反地,当一个元件被称为“直接”在另一元件或层“上”,“直接接合到”、“直接连接到”或“直接联接到”另一元件或层时,可以不存在中介元件或层。用于描述元件间关系的其它词汇应以相似的方式来解释(例如,“在……之间”对“直接在……之间”,“邻近”对“直接邻近”等等)。如本文所使用,术语“和/或”包括相关的列出项目中的一个或多个的任何和所有组合。
虽然术语第一、第二、第三等可以在本文用来描述各种步骤、元件、部件、区域、层和/或区段,但是这些步骤、元件、部件、区域、层和/或区段不应当被这些术语所限定,除非另外说明。这些术语可仅用以将一个步骤、元件、部件、区域、层或区段与另一步骤、元件、部件、区域、层或区段区分开。当在本文使用时,术语诸如“第一”、“第二”和其它数字项并不意味着顺序或次序,除非上下文明确指出。因此,下文所论述的第一步骤、元件、部件、区域、层或区段可以称为第二步骤、元件、部件、区域、层或区段,而不背离实例性实施例的教导。
在整个公开中,数值代表对范围的近似测量或限制以涵盖给定值和约具有所提及值的实施例以及精确地具有所提及值的那些实施例的微小偏差。除了在详细描述的结束提供的工作实例外,本说明书(包括所附权利要求)中参数(例如,数量和条件)的所有数值应当理解为在所有情况下都被术语“约”修饰,不论“约”是否实际上在数值前出现。“约”表示所述数值允许一些少许不精确(其中一些近似于值的准确度;大致或相当接近该值;差不多)。如果“约”提供的不精确在本领域不能另外按该常规含义被理解,则如本文所用的“约”至少表示可能由测量或使用这种参数的常规方法引起的变量。例如,“约”可包括小于或等于5%、任选地小于或等于4%,任选地小于或等于3%、任选地小于或等于2%、任选地小于或等于1%、任选地小于或等于0.5%的变量,且在某些方面,任选地小于或等于0.1%的变量。
如本文所使用,术语“组合物”或“材料”用于互换地泛指包含至少优选化学成分、元素或化合物的物质,但是其还可包含附加元素、化合物,或物质(包括微量杂质),除非另外指出。另外,范围的公开包括整个范围内的所有值和进一步划分的范围的公开,包括范围的端点和给定的子范围。
现在将参照附图更充分地描述实例性实施例。
金刚石样碳(DLC)是包括碳-碳sp2杂化键、碳-碳sp3杂化键、或碳-碳sp2杂化键和碳-碳sp3杂化键的网络的碳基材料。当sp2和sp3键均存在时,碳-碳sp3杂化键:碳-碳sp2杂化键比率越小(或者sp2%越大),DLC材料变成石墨样越多。相反地,碳-碳sp3杂化键:碳-碳sp2杂化键比率越大(或者sp3%越大),DLC材料变成金刚石样越多。
根据本技术,包含较高氢含量(即,大于约40原子%(at.%)氢含量)的DLC材料称为氢化DLC(H-DLC),其中“at.%”是指DLC材料中的总原子的百分比。具有涂覆有H-DLC材料的表面(其与包含乙醇的燃料接触)的车辆部件经受腐蚀。
相反地,包含较低氢含量(即,小于或等于约40at.%氢含量)的DLC材料称为非氢化DLC(NH-DLC)。因此,当前技术的NH-DLC材料具有大于或等于0at.%至小于或等于约40at.%、小于或等于约30at.%、小于或等于约20at.%、小于或等于约10at.%、小于或等于约5at.%,或者小于或等于约1at.%的氢含量。因此,NH-DLC材料具有大于或等于约0at.%至小于或等于约40at.%的氢含量。在当前技术的各方面,NH-DLC材料基本不含氢,其中“基本不含氢”是指氢原子缺乏到避免了伴随其存在的不期望和/或有害影响的程度。在某些实施例中,“基本不含”氢的NH-DLC材料包含材料中小于约1at.%重量的氢,任选地小于约0.75at.%重量、任选地小于约0.5at.%重量、任选地小于约0.25at.%重量、任选地小于约0.1at.%重量、任选地小于约0.05at.%重量,且在某些实施例中,材料不含任何氢并因此包含0at.%重量的氢。
在当前技术的各方面,NH-DLC材料包含大于或等于约70at.%至小于或等于约100at.%的碳含量。例如,NH-DLC材料可具有大于或等于约70at.%、大于或等于约75at.%、大于或等于约80at.%、大于或等于约85at.%、大于或等于约90at.%、大于或等于约95at.%,或者大于或等于99at.%的碳含量。
在当前技术的各方面,NH-DLC材料包含总数的大于或等于约1%、大于或等于约10%、大于或等于约20%、大于或等于约30%、大于或等于约40%、大于或等于约50%、大于或等于约60%、大于或等于约70%、大于或等于约80%,大于或等于约90%,或者大于或等于约95%的碳-碳sp3杂化键含量至大于或等于约1%至小于或等于约100%、大于或等于约20%至小于或等于100%、大于或等于约30%至小于或等于100%、大于或等于约40%至小于或等于100%、大于或等于约50%至小于或等于100%、大于或等于约60%至小于或等于100%、大于或等于约70%至小于或等于100%、大于或等于约80%至小于或等于100%、大于或等于约90%至小于或等于100%,或者大于或等于约95%至小于或等于100%的sp3和sp2杂化键诸如碳-碳sp3杂化键含量。
在当前技术的各方面,NH-DLC材料包含总数的大于或等于约0%、大于或等于约10%、大于或等于约20%、大于或等于约30%、大于或等于约40%、大于或等于约50%、大于或等于约60%、大于或等于约70%、大于或等于约80%,大于或等于约90%,或者大于或等于约95%的碳-碳sp2杂化键含量至大于或等于约0%至小于或等于约99%、大于或等于约0%至小于或等于约95%、大于或等于约0%至小于或等于约90%、大于或等于约0%至小于或等于约80%、大于或等于约0%至小于或等于约70%、大于或等于约0%至小于或等于约60%、大于或等于约0%至小于或等于约50%、大于或等于约0%至小于或等于约40%、大于或等于约0%至小于或等于约30%、大于或等于约0%至小于或等于约20%、大于或等于约0%至小于或等于约10%、大于或等于约0%至小于或等于约5%、大于或等于约0%至小于或等于约1%的sp3和sp2杂化键诸如碳-碳sp2杂化键含量。
在当前技术的各方面,NH-DLC材料包含大于或等于约1:1000至小于或等于约1000:1、大于或等于约1:750至小于或等于约750:1、大于或等于约1:500至小于或等于约500:1、大于或等于约1:250至小于或等于约250:1、大于或等于约1:100至小于或等于约100:1,大于或等于约1:50至小于或等于约50:1的碳-碳sp3杂化键:碳-碳sp2杂化键比率。
根据当前技术的各方面,NH-DLC材料可掺杂有金属、类金属或者非金属掺杂材料以生成掺杂的NH-DLC。掺杂材料是例如钙(Ca)、锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)、硼(B)、钨(W)、铂(Pt)、金(Au)、银(Ag)、铜(Cu)、铬(Cr)、铝(Al)、钛(Ti)、氮(N)、磷(P)、硅(Si)及其组合。当存在时,NH-DLC具有大于0at.%至小于或等于约30at.%、至小于或等于20at.%、至小于或等于10at.%,或者至小于或等于5at.%的掺杂材料浓度。
乙醇混合燃料和各种燃料添加剂具有腐蚀性且可损坏他们接触的车辆部件。热应力还导致车辆部件的损坏。因此,本技术提供车辆部件,这些车辆部件免受与包含乙醇的燃料和/或包含腐蚀性添加剂的燃料接触造成的热损坏和腐蚀性损坏。特别地,NH-DLC层或涂层设置在接触乙醇混合燃料的车辆部件的表面的至少一部分上。NH-DLC在运行发动机排放的温度下是热稳定的且具有低氢含量或无氢含量,这使由H损耗(即,石墨化)导致的层或涂层缺陷最小化,并因此保护车辆部件免受乙醇混合燃料引起的以及热引起的腐蚀。NH-DLC层或涂层针对腐蚀性流体提供极好的热和化学惰性,并降低车辆部件(其经受热应力和/或与腐蚀性流体接触,诸如乙醇混合燃料和腐蚀性添加剂)的摩擦和磨损。因为NH-DLC材料层或涂层防止腐蚀,这抑制了燃料泄漏,排放物也得到改善。
在当前技术的各方面,设置在配置为接触包含乙醇的燃料的车辆部件表面上的NH-DLC材料层或涂层具有大于或等于约100nm至小于或等于约100μm、大于或等于约500nm至小于或等于约50μm,或者大于或等于约1μm至小于或等于约25μm的厚度。NH-DLC层或涂层承受小于或等于约450℃、小于或等于约400℃、小于或等于约350℃,或者小于或等于约300℃的温度。
如本文所使用,“乙醇混合燃料”是包含乙醇的燃料。因此,乙醇混合燃料包含大于0.5%体积乙醇至小于或等于100%体积乙醇。乙醇混合燃料包含小于100%乙醇,还包含汽油。乙醇混合燃料的非限制实例包括E5(5%乙醇)、E7(7%乙醇)、E10(10%乙醇)、E20(20%乙醇)、E22(22%乙醇)、E25(25%乙醇)、E70(70%乙醇)、E75(75%乙醇)、E85(85%乙醇)、E95(95%乙醇),以及E100(100%乙醇)燃料。
具有与乙醇混合燃料接触的部件的车辆不受限制。尽管如此,示例性车辆包括汽车、卡车、野营旅游车、摩托车、踏板车、船只、个人游艇、坦克以及飞机。
在图1中示出了在车辆的正常操作期间与乙醇混合燃料接触的各车辆部件。图1示出了包括发动机缸体12的一部分、气缸14、活塞16、进气阀18、燃料喷射器20、火花塞22以及排气阀24的示例性内燃机10的剖视图。在雾化的乙醇混合燃料26通过燃料喷射器20引入气缸14之后,雾化的乙醇混合燃料26至少与活塞16的第一表面28、进气阀18的第二表面30、燃料喷射器20的第三表面32、火花塞的第四表面34以及排气阀的第五表面36的一部分开始接触。因此,将NH-DLC层设置到第一表面28、第二表面30、第三表面32、第四表面34以及第五表面36中的一部分或全部保护相应部件免受乙醇混合燃料引起的腐蚀。在各实施例中,该车辆部件包括钢合金或陶瓷。
乙醇混合燃料通过燃料传递系统被引入内燃机。燃料传递系统包括燃料箱、燃料泵、燃料过滤器、传送单元、燃料轨、燃料喷射器以及在单元之间运输燃料的一系列导管。因此,在当前技术的各方面,与包含乙醇的燃料接触的这些单元的至少一部分包括保护单元免受热和腐蚀性攻击的设置在其上的NH-DLC层或涂层。NH-DLC抑制腐蚀,这造成相对于不包括NH-DLC层的部件的提高的车辆零件效率。例如,具有设置在与包含乙醇的燃料接触的部分上的NH-DLC的燃料轨和燃料喷射器免受磨损并可以承受高的内部压力。
因经受热应力和/或乙醇混合燃料,燃料喷射器尤其易于腐蚀。因此,具有接触乙醇混合燃料的表面的燃料喷射器的部件获益于具有设置在其上的NH-DLC层或涂层。图2示出了联接到燃料轨42的示例性燃料喷射器40的剖面图。燃料喷射器40包括从第一燃料接收端46延伸到第二燃料喷射端48的壳体44,其限定在第一燃料接收端46和第二燃料喷射端48之间延伸的内部孔50。第一燃料接收端46包括O形环52和燃料过滤器54。第二燃料喷射端48包括喷嘴56,该喷嘴56包括阀座58、排放孔口60和抵靠阀座58设置的喷射阀62。在当前技术的各方面,喷射阀62是具有球的球阀,诸如球轴承,其与球阀座可移动接触。喷嘴56与设置在孔50内的燃料喷射组件64连通。如图2的示例性燃料喷射器40所示,燃料喷射组件64包括围绕喷射阀62的一部分延伸的弹簧66、与喷射阀62连通的磁体68,和邻近喷射阀62的电磁线圈70。在操作期间,包含乙醇的燃料在第一燃料接收端46处被引入燃料喷射器40并填充内部孔50。燃料喷射组件64(其通过与电磁线圈70电连通的电连接器72提供功力)配置为使喷射阀62移动远离阀座58以允许包含乙醇的燃料作为雾状气体流出喷嘴56的孔口60。然而,应当理解,各种燃料喷射器例如,诸如通过具有使喷射阀62移动远离阀座58的球阀或不同机械机构而具有可不同于示例性燃料喷射器40的零件。在当前技术的各方面,第二燃料喷射端48、喷嘴56、阀座58、排放孔口60以及喷射阀62中的至少一个的至少一部分包括保护燃料喷射器40免受腐蚀的NH-DLC层。
如上所讨论,包括NH-DLC材料层的车辆部件免受由乙醇混合燃料和/或升高温度引起的腐蚀。图3A示出了从包括H-DLC层的车辆零件获得的拉曼频谱结果。频谱是由代表强度(任意单位;a.u.)的y-轴100和代表拉曼位移(波长;cm-1)的x-轴102绘制。频谱104取自未暴露于乙醇混合燃料或升高温度的包括H-DLC层的车辆部件。频谱106取自已暴露于乙醇混合燃料或升高温度的包括H-DLC层的车辆部件。如图3B所示,车辆零件示出了腐蚀标志。频谱108取自未暴露于乙醇混合燃料但已暴露于约200℃的升高温度一段时间的包括H-DLC层的车辆部件。然而频谱104具有在约1322cm-1处代表D频带的峰,和在约1518cm-1处代表G频带的峰,他们重叠以形成凸台形频谱,频谱106和频谱108示出了在D频带和G频带处的显著峰,其中G频带相对于频谱104移位到更高波数1581cm-1。不受理论约束,应该相信,与乙醇混合燃料接触和/或升高温度引起的H2吸收导致G频带位移。
图4示出了从包括NH-DLC层的车辆零件获得的拉曼频谱结果。频谱是由代表强度(任意单位;a.u.)的y-轴110和代表拉曼位移(波长;cm-1)的x-轴112绘制。频谱114取自未暴露于乙醇混合燃料的包括NH-DLC层的车辆部件。频谱116取自已暴露于E85燃料的包括NH-DLC层的车辆部件。频谱118取自已暴露于E100燃料的包括NH-DLC层的车辆部件。频谱114、116、118中的每一个示出了在1325cm-1和1560cm-1之间的宽峰。频谱114、116、118看起来都不具有显著的D频带或G频带,或者表明NH-DLC层的腐蚀抑制的G频带位移。
当前技术还提供了保护车辆部件免受与包含乙醇的燃料接触造成的热和腐蚀性损坏。该方法包括将非氢化金刚石样碳(NH-DLC)层设置到配置为接触包含乙醇的燃料的车辆零件的表面的至少一部分,并使具有NH-DLC层的车辆零件的表面的至少一部分与包含乙醇的燃料接触。车辆零件是燃料喷射器、进气阀、排气阀、气缸、活塞、火花塞、燃料泵、发送单元、燃料箱或其组合。在当前技术的各方面中,车辆零件是本文描述的燃料喷射器的部件。设置是通过过滤阴极真空电弧、离子束淀积、等离子体增强化学气相沉积、脉冲激光淀积,或等离子浸入离子注入执行的。
实施例的前述描述用于示例和描述目的。这并不打算是穷尽的或限制本公开。特定实施例的各元件或特征通常不限于特定实施例,但如果合适的话,可以进行互换并可用于选定实施例,即使未特别地示出或描述。可以通过许多方式改变实施例。这种变型不能视为脱离了本公开,且所有这种修改都应认为被包括在本公开的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种车辆部件,包括:
所述部件的表面,其配置为接触包括乙醇的燃料;和
设置在所述表面上的非氢化金刚石样碳(NH-DLC)材料层,所述层具有大于或等于约100nm至小于或等于约100μm的厚度,
其中所述NH-DLC材料具有大于或等于约90原子%(at.%)的碳含量、大于或等于约60%至小于或等于约100%的碳-碳sp3杂化键含量,以及大于或等于约0至小于或等于约40%的碳-碳sp2杂化键含量,且其中所述NH-DLC材料基本不含氢原子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件,其中所述部件包括钢合金或陶瓷。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件,其中所述NH-DLC材料不包含任何氢原子。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件,其中所述NH-DLC材料包含大于或等于约80%至小于或等于约100%的碳-碳sp3杂化键含量。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件,其中所述NH-DLC材料包含大于或等于约0%至小于或等于约20%的碳-碳sp2杂化键含量。
6.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件,其中所述NH-DLC材料包括掺杂物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件,其中所述NH-DLC材料层具有大于或等于约1μm至小于或等于约25μm的厚度。
8.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件,其中所述NH-DLC材料进一步包含大于0at.%至小于或等于约10at.%的掺杂材料,所述掺杂材料选自钙(Ca)、锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)、硼(B)、钨(W)、铂(Pt)、金(Au)、银(Ag)、铜(Cu)、铬(Cr)、铝(Al)、钛(Ti)、氮(N)、磷(P)、硅(Si)及其组合组成的组。
9.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件,其中所述车辆部件是燃料喷射器、进气阀、排气阀、气缸、活塞、火花塞、燃料泵、发送单元、燃料箱或其组合。
10.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件,其中所述车辆部件是选自喷嘴、阀、阀针、阀座、球及其组合组成的组的燃料喷射器零件。
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