CN108371345A - A kind of nano-fiber composite material and application thereof - Google Patents
A kind of nano-fiber composite material and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108371345A CN108371345A CN201810182775.3A CN201810182775A CN108371345A CN 108371345 A CN108371345 A CN 108371345A CN 201810182775 A CN201810182775 A CN 201810182775A CN 108371345 A CN108371345 A CN 108371345A
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- nanofibers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/08—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
- A24D3/10—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent of cellulose or cellulose derivatives
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of nano-fiber composite materials,The nano-fiber composite material includes the first polymer layers of nanofibers overlapped successively,Adsorption layer,Second polymer layers of nanofibers,Substrate layer,The first polymer layers of nanofibers and second polymer layers of nanofibers are by obtaining oil-soluble polymers electrostatic spinning,For conventional cigarette filter tip,The cigaratte filter prepared using the nano-fiber composite material for preparing of the present invention as main component is for the particulate matter in tobacco,Tar and carbon monoxide component have stronger selective adsorption capacity,Filter effect has been respectively increased 8.2% compared with traditional filtering mouth,9.3% and 9.4%,And,Have the function of selectively penetrating for the nicotine ingredient in tobacco,The nicotine of 0.11mg/ branch can be penetrated compared with the filter tip of control group more,So that the active ingredient and flavor component of cigarette are retained,Improve the satisfaction of smoker,And then reduce the intake of tobacco consumption and the stronger ingredient of carcinogenicity.
Description
Technical field
Field of compound material of the present invention more particularly to it is a kind of have selection adsorption capacity nano-fiber composite material and its
Purposes.
Background technology
Smoking has quite serious harm, many diseases all to have direct association with smoking the health of the mankind, however right
For the people that those cannot give up smoking, cigarette is essential daily necessities, and the chemical substance in cigarette is mainly dry cigarette
Grass does not still only have tobacco in most cigarette composition, manufacturer usually exists to control the fragrance and quality of pipe tobacco
A large amount of different additives are added in cigarette, cause to contain about 7000 kinds of chemical substances in the smog that cigarette generates when lighting,
Including minimum carbon monoxide of molecular weight to highest tar etc., major part therein is toxic and carcinogenic compound, is needed
It is separated off by suction-operated.
Currently, common cigarette one end contains filter tip made of useful cellulose acetate or cotton and activated carbon suction on the market
Attached layer, for adsorbing the carcinogenic compounds such as the tar, carbon monoxide, nitrosamine, the BaP that are generated with filter tobacco burning, example
Such as, a kind of cigarette filter containing activated carbon is disclosed in CN106805292A, by close to lip acetate fiber part and
Activated carbon section close to smoke forms, can the pernicious gases such as CO effectively in Adsorption smog, reduce tar and nicotine inhaled
Enter amount, a kind of cigarette filter for having and removing free radical effect is disclosed in CN106805291A, by two parts filter medium
It alternately forms, a portion filter medium is acetate fiber, and another part filter medium is the mixed of activated carbon and lycopene
Object is closed, compared with simple acetate fiber filter tip, antioxidant lycopene therein generates after capable of effectively removing result of combustion of tobacco
Gas phase hazardous free radical, the toxic gases such as CO that activated carbon ingredient therein can be in adsorbing smoke, alternately existing filtering
Medium can achieve the purpose that be filtered for multiple times, to reduce injury of the tobacco to human body, filter tip disclosed in the above-mentioned prior art
Can effectively adsorb the harmful components in tobacco, still, due in cigarette corresponding useful effect ingredient for example nicotine, tea powder,
Citral, high-grade fatty ester etc. are also removed together, lead to the distinctive fragrance of cigarette and flavour fading so that smoker cannot obtain
Corresponding satisfaction, to inhale it is deeper more, suck the more harmful substances of total amount instead, cause the harm of bigger.
Therefore, on the basis of existing technology, those skilled in the art needs to prepare one kind by having selection adsorption energy
The cigaratte filter of the material preparation of power so that on the basis of keeping cigarette peculiar taste, reduce in flue gas be harmful to as far as possible
The content of substance so that people can smoke less as far as possible, reduce harm of the cigarette to human body.
Invention content
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a kind of nano-fiber composite material, the nano-fiber composite material includes
The first polymer layers of nanofibers that overlaps successively, adsorption layer, second polymer layers of nanofibers, substrate layer.
The first polymer layers of nanofibers and second polymer layers of nanofibers pass through to oil-soluble polymers electrostatic
Spinning obtains.
Contain sorbing material in the adsorption layer, there is adsorption capacity.
The oil-soluble polymers are not soluble in water, are soluble in the polymer of organic solvent.
The present invention in nano-fiber composite material by being arranged above-mentioned first polymer layers of nanofibers, adsorption layer,
Absorption is placed among two layers of polymers layers of nanofibers, passes through polymer nano by dimerization object layers of nanofibers and substrate layer
The larger particle of rice fabric filtration grain size, prevents bulky grain from entering adsorption layer, blocks the sorbing material in adsorption layer, while
The sorbing material in adsorption layer can be avoided to enter in environment, the sorbing material for preventing grain size smaller is to organism, such as human body
Respiratory system damages.
The present invention by oil-soluble polymers by carrying out electrostatic spinning, obtained first polymer layers of nanofibers and second
Polymeric nanofiber layer has stronger adsorptive selectivity, the compound of oil-soluble macromolecule can be adsorbed, through water
The smaller compound of the molecular weight of dissolubility, moreover, having synergistic effect, polymer between polymeric nanofiber layer and adsorption layer
Layers of nanofibers can carry out oil-soluble specific compound advance selective absorption, while stop larger of grain size
Grain prevents the micropore inside the sorbing material in adsorption layer to be blocked or prematurely reach saturation absorption, reduces it for toxic small
The adsorption capacity of molecular gas.
The thickness of polymeric nanofiber layer should be smaller as possible, and the transmission of gas is improved while meeting adsorptive selectivity
Rate reduces vapour lock, it is preferable that thickness≤5 μm of the first polymer layers of nanofibers and second polymer layers of nanofibers,
For example, 0.11 μm, 0.5 μm, 0.8 μm, 1.5 μm, 2.5 μm, 3.5 μm, 4.5 μm, 4.9 μm etc., further preferably 1~5 μm.
Preferably, the first polymer layers of nanofibers and second polymer layers of nanofibers are porous structure, average
Aperture is 0.3~0.5 μm, such as 0.32 μm, 0.35 μm, 0.40 μm, 0.44 μm, 0.48 μm etc., selects suitable aperture can
Enhance the selection adsorption capacity of polymeric nanofiber layer, for example, the polymeric nanofiber layer pair that average pore size is 0.35 μm
It is very capable in the adsorption filtration such as oil-soluble macromolecular such as tar, ensure that the soluble small moleculars such as nicotine can penetrate, together
When be also avoided that the larger particle of grain size enters adsorption layer.
Preferably, the porosity of the first polymer layers of nanofibers and second polymer layers of nanofibers be 75~
85%, such as 76%, 78%, 80%, 82%, 84% etc., for preparing the higher polymeric nanofiber layer of porosity, use
Method of electrostatic spinning effect is more excellent.
Preferably, the thickness of the adsorption layer is 10~20 μm, such as 11 μm, 13 μm, 15 μm, 17 μm, 19 μm etc..
Preferably, the polymer nanocomposite in the first polymer layers of nanofibers and second polymer layers of nanofibers is fine
Dimension a diameter of 100~300nm, such as 120nm, 140nm, 180nm, 200nm, 220nm, 240nm, 260nm, 280nm,
290nm etc., further preferably 150~200nm, the diameter of nanofiber is smaller to be conducive to increase specific surface area, improves absorption
Efficiency.
Preferably, the oil-soluble polymers be polyacrylonitrile, Kynoar, in polyimides any one or extremely
Few two kinds of mixture.
Preferably, include in the adsorption layer grain size be 1~50 μm (be, for example, 2 μm, 4 μm, 8 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 30
μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm, 48 μm etc.) sorbing material.
Preferably, the sorbing material includes any one in activated carbon, carbon nanotube, silica gel, zeolite or at least two
The mixture of kind.
Preferably, the substrate layer be in polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, polyethers, polyimides any one or extremely
The non-woven fabrics of few two kinds of polymer composition.
Preferably, the grammes per square metre of the substrate layer is 25~40g/m2, for example, 26g/m2、28g/m2、30g/m2、32g/m2、
34g/m2、36g/m2、38g/m2Deng.
Preferably, the porosity of the substrate layer be 20~60%, for example, 21%, 24%, 28%, 33%, 38%,
43%, 46%, 52%, 56%, 59% etc..
The second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of purposes of the nano-fiber composite material, the nanofiber
Polymeric nanofiber layer in composite material can filter the particle of such as tar, carbon black of large-size, for lipophile
Larger compound steam, the smog such as BaP, anthraquinone, inferior ammonium nitrate of molecular weight etc. there is stronger adsorption capacity, for
The moderate compound steam of hydrophilic molecular weight has the function of selectively penetrating, and adsorption layer therein can adsorb small molecule
Gas such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide etc., therefore nano-fiber composite material of the present invention can be used for adsorbing
Particle in filter smoke and toxic gas.
Preferably, the particle is coke tar particles.
Preferably, the toxic gas be carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, in inferior ammonium nitrate gas any one or at least
Two kinds of mixture.
The third object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cigarette filter, includes above-mentioned nanometer in the cigarette filter
Fibrous composite.
Preferably, the cigarette filter is by the nano-fiber composite material section close to tobacco end and the acetic acid close to mouth end
Fiber filter section forms.
Preferably, the cigarette filter is by obtaining at least one layer of nano-fiber composite material by die cut
It arrives.
Preferably, the cigarette filter is obtained by the way that the nano-fiber composite material is wound into solid cylinder.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
Compared to it is traditional with cellulose acetate fibre cigaratte filter as main component for, prepared by the present invention
Nano-fiber composite material is the cigaratte filter of main component preparation for particulate matter, tar and the carbon monoxide component in tobacco
With stronger selective adsorption capacity, filter effect has been respectively increased 8.2%, 9.3% and 9.4% compared with control group highest, and
And have the function of selectively penetrating for the nicotine ingredient in tobacco, it can at most be penetrated compared with the filter tip of control group more
The nicotine of 0.11mg/ branch so that the active ingredient and flavor component of cigarette are retained, and improve the satisfaction of smoker, in turn
Reduce the intake of tobacco consumption and the stronger ingredient of carcinogenicity.
Specific implementation mode
The technical solution further illustrated the present invention below by specific implementation mode.
Those skilled in the art understand the present invention it will be clearly understood that the embodiment is only to aid in, and are not construed as to this hair
Bright concrete restriction.
By method of electrostatic spinning deposited polymer layers of nanofibers in each embodiment in the present invention, the electrostatic spinning is heavy
Product polymeric nanofiber layer technological parameter be：Voltage is 15~45kV, needle diameter is 0.25~0.75mm, charging rate
For 10~40 μ L/min, in electrostatic spinning process, polymer solution is sprayed by syringe needle, is formed and is received under the action of electrostatic force
Rice fiber, is deposited on substrate layer surface, the polymeric nanofiber layer of formation can be changed by changing the technological parameter of electrostatic spinning
Thickness, average pore size, porosity and polymer nanofiber therein diameter.
Embodiment 1
Nano-fiber composite material 1 is made by the steps：
Step (1), it is 25g/m to take grammes per square metre2, porosity be 60% polyethylene terephthalate non-woven fabrics as substrate
Layer, substrate layer is tiled, and is deposited polyacrylonitrile fibre by electrostatic spinning on substrate layer using electrospinning device, is obtained thickness
The second polymer layers of nanofibers that degree is 5 μm；
Step (2) by thickness is 20 μm in one layer of second polymer nanofiber layer surface even spread, and grain size is 46 μm
Micro activated carbon particle composition adsorption layer；
Step (3), using with identical electrospinning device in step (1) in adsorption layer surface electrostatic spinning deposition poly- third
Alkene nitrile fiber obtains the first polymer layers of nanofibers that thickness is 5 μm；
By the adhesive bond of polymer between each layer obtained in step (1)~(3), pass through the first and second polymer
Layers of nanofibers coats adsorption layer, forms the structure of similar sandwich to get to the nano-fiber composite material 1.
First polymer layers of nanofibers and second polymer nanometer in the nano-fiber composite material obtained in embodiment 1
The porosity of fibrous layer is respectively 85% and 80%, average pore size is respectively 0.5 μm and 0.4 μm, polyacrylonitrile nano therein
The diameter of fiber is 180nm.
Embodiment 2
Nano-fiber composite material 2 is made by the steps：
With differing only in for embodiment 1, step (1) is middle to select grammes per square metre for 40g/m2, porosity be 20% polyimides
Cloth is as substrate layer.
Embodiment 2 obtains nano-fiber composite material 2.
Embodiment 3
Nano-fiber composite material 3 is made by the steps：
With differing only in for embodiment 1, step (2) is middle to select the carbon nanotube coating that grain size is 1 μm to be used as adsorption layer,
The thickness of adsorption layer is 10 μm.
Embodiment 3 obtains nano-fiber composite material 3.
Embodiment 4
Nano-fiber composite material 4 is made by the steps：
With differing only in for embodiment 1, by the technological parameter of change electrostatic spinning, obtained nanofiber composite wood
The porosity of first polymer layers of nanofibers and second polymer layers of nanofibers is respectively 85% and 75%, average hole in material
Diameter is respectively 0.5 μm and 0.3 μm, a diameter of 200nm of polyacrylonitrile nanofiber wherein in first polymer layers of nanofibers,
A diameter of 150nm of polyacrylonitrile nanofiber in second polymer layers of nanofibers.
Embodiment 4 obtains nano-fiber composite material 4.
Embodiment 5
Nano-fiber composite material 5 is made by the steps：
With differing only in for embodiment 1, the first polymer layers of nanofibers described in step (3) does not pass through Static Spinning
Silk deposition polyacrylonitrile fibre, but polyimide fiber is deposited by electrostatic spinning and is obtained, the first polymer Nanowire
Tie up layer thickness be 1~1.2 μm, porosity 82%, 0.3 μm of average pore size, polymer nanofiber therein it is a diameter of
120nm。
Embodiment 5 obtains nano-fiber composite material 5.
Embodiment 6
Nano-fiber composite material 6 is made by the steps：
With differing only in for embodiment 1, by the technological parameter of change electrostatic spinning, obtained nanofiber composite wood
The porosity of first polymer layers of nanofibers and second polymer layers of nanofibers is respectively 70% and 45%, average hole in material
Diameter is respectively 0.4 μm and 0.16 μm, and polyacrylonitrile nanofiber is a diameter of wherein in first polymer layers of nanofibers
250nm, a diameter of 90nm of polyacrylonitrile nanofiber in second polymer layers of nanofibers.
Embodiment 6 obtains nano-fiber composite material 6.
Reference examples 1
Nano-fiber composite material 7 is made by the steps：
With differing only in for embodiment 1, electrostatic spinning deposited polyethylene alcohol fiber is selected in step (1) and step (3)
Instead of polyacrylonitrile fibre, pass through the technological parameter for controlling electrostatic spinning so that it is poly- to obtain in nano-fiber composite material first
Close thickness, porosity, average pore size and the polymer nano therein of object layers of nanofibers and second polymer layers of nanofibers
The diameter of rice fiber is same as Example 1.
Reference examples 1 obtain nano-fiber composite material 7.
Reference examples 2
Nano-fiber composite material 8 is made by the steps：
It is 25g/m to take grammes per square metre2, porosity be 60% polyethylene terephthalate as substrate layer, substrate layer is put down
Paving is mixed with the polyacrylonitrile fibre of micro activated carbon particle using type electrospinning device on substrate layer by electrostatic spinning deposition,
Obtain that thickness is 30 μm, porosity 28%, average pore size are 26 μm, the grain size of polyacrylonitrile fibre is the polymer of 1200nm
Layers of nanofibers.
Wherein, the polyacrylonitrile fibre for being mixed with micro activated carbon particle by the micro activated carbon particle that is 46 μm by grain size with it is poly-
Dralon uniformly mixes, and is obtained through electrostatic spinning.
Reference examples 1 obtain nano-fiber composite material 8.
The nano-fiber composite material 1~8 obtained in 200 layers of above-described embodiment, equidirectional overlapping, punching press is taken to be made respectively
Length is 10mm, in addition the combined filtration section of a diameter of 7.7mm takes in one layer of above-described embodiment and obtains as filter tip 1~8
Nano-fiber composite material 1, be wound into length be 10mm, a diameter of 7.7mm combined filtration section, as filter tip 9, filter tip 1
~9 are fixed on the cigarette one end for removing filter tip, wherein the first polymer layers of nanofibers end thereof contacts tobacco of filter tip 1~8
Part, the other end connect smoking machine, and any one end of filter tip 9 connects cigarette, and the other end connects smoking machine, using coming with length
For 10mm, a diameter of 7.7mm cellulose acetate fibre filter tip cigarette as a control group, remove from filter-tipped cigarette
As blank group, its filter capacity for cigarette smoke is tested by following test method, result is included in table 1.
(1) tar and total particulate filtering test
Pass through standard GB/T/T 19609-2004《Cigarette conventional analysis measures total granules and tar with smoking machine》
Described in method test filter tip 1~9 and control group to the filter capacity of particulate matter in cigarette and tar, with the test of blank group
As a result the reference value as particulate matter in cigarette and tar content.
(2) carbon monoxide filtering test
Pass through standard GB/T/T 23356-2009《The non-scatter infrared method of the measurement of carbon monoxide in components in cigarette smoke gas phase》
Described in method test filter tip 1~9 and control group to the filter capacity of carbon monoxide in cigarette, with the test result of blank group
Reference value as carbon monoxide content in cigarette.
(3) nicotine (nicotine) filtering test
Pass through standard GB/T/T 23355-2009《The measurement gas chromatography standard of nicotine in Cigarette grain phase》In
The method tests the filter capacity of filter tip 1~9 and control group to nicotine in cigarette, using the test result of blank group as perfume
The reference value of nicotine content in cigarette.
Each component filter capacity contrast table in table 1 filter tip, 1~9 pair of cigarette
From table 1 it follows that compared to it is traditional with cellulose acetate fibre cigaratte filter as main component for,
The cigaratte filter prepared using the nano-fiber composite material prepared by the present invention as main component is for particulate matter, the coke in tobacco
Oil and carbon monoxide component have a stronger selective adsorption capacity, filter effect has been respectively increased 8.2% compared with control group highest,
9.3% and 9.4%, moreover, having the function of selectively penetrating for the nicotine ingredient in tobacco, compared with the filter tip of control group
The nicotine of 0.11mg/ branch can at most be penetrated so that the active ingredient and flavor component of cigarette are retained, and smoker is improved more
Satisfaction, and then reduce tobacco consumption and the stronger ingredient of carcinogenicity intake.
Applicant states that the present invention illustrates the process of the present invention, but the present invention not office by above-described embodiment
It is limited to above-mentioned processing step, that is, does not mean that the present invention has to rely on above-mentioned processing step and could implement.Technical field
Technical staff it will be clearly understood that any improvement in the present invention, equivalence replacement and auxiliary element to raw material selected by the present invention
Addition, the selection etc. of concrete mode, all fall within protection scope of the present invention and the open scope.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of nano-fiber composite material, which is characterized in that the nano-fiber composite material includes first overlapped successively
Polymeric nanofiber layer, adsorption layer, second polymer layers of nanofibers, substrate layer；
The first polymer layers of nanofibers and second polymer layers of nanofibers pass through to oil-soluble polymers electrostatic spinning
It obtains.
2. nano-fiber composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first polymer layers of nanofibers
With thickness≤5 μm of second polymer layers of nanofibers, preferably 1~5 μm；
Preferably, the first polymer layers of nanofibers and second polymer layers of nanofibers are porous structure, average pore size
It is 0.3~0.5 μm；
Preferably, the porosity of the first polymer layers of nanofibers and second polymer layers of nanofibers is 75~85%；
Preferably, the thickness of the adsorption layer is 10~20 μm.
3. nano-fiber composite material according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the first polymer Nanowire
A diameter of 100~300nm of dimension layer and the polymer nanofiber in second polymer layers of nanofibers, preferably 150~
200nm。
4. the nano-fiber composite material according to one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the oil-soluble polymers
For in polyacrylonitrile, Kynoar, polyimides any one or at least two mixture；
Preferably, include grain size in the adsorption layer it is 1~50 μm of sorbing material；
Preferably, the sorbing material includes any one in activated carbon, carbon nanotube, silica gel, zeolite or at least two
Mixture.
5. the nano-fiber composite material according to one of Claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that the substrate layer is with poly-
The non-woven fabrics of any one or at least two polymer composition in ester, polyamide, polyurethane, polyethers, polyimides；
Preferably, the grammes per square metre of the substrate layer is 25~40g/m2；
Preferably, the porosity of the substrate layer is 20~60%.
6. a kind of purposes of nano-fiber composite material as described in one of Claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that the nanometer
Fibrous composite is used to absorb and filter the particle and toxic gas in smog.
7. purposes according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the particle is coke tar particles；
Preferably, the toxic gas be carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, in inferior ammonium nitrate any one or at least two it is mixed
Close object.
8. a kind of cigarette filter, which is characterized in that include described in one of Claims 1 to 5 in the cigarette filter
Nano-fiber composite material.
9. cigarette filter according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the cigarette filter is by receiving close to tobacco end
The acetate fiber fillter section at rice fibrous composite section and close mouth end forms.
10. cigarette filter according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the cigarette filter is by will be at least one layer of
The nano-fiber composite material is obtained by die cut；
Preferably, the cigarette filter is obtained by the way that the nano-fiber composite material is wound into solid cylinder.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810182775.3A CN108371345B (en) | 2018-03-06 | 2018-03-06 | Nano fiber composite material and application thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810182775.3A CN108371345B (en) | 2018-03-06 | 2018-03-06 | Nano fiber composite material and application thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111184255A (en) * | 2020-01-23 | 2020-05-22 | 盐城工业职业技术学院 | Composite filter tip material |
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| CN108371345B (en) | 2021-04-20 |
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