CN108368269A - 制备聚亚烷基醚改性的聚硅氧烷的方法及其用途 - Google Patents
制备聚亚烷基醚改性的聚硅氧烷的方法及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108368269A CN108368269A CN201680064246.2A CN201680064246A CN108368269A CN 108368269 A CN108368269 A CN 108368269A CN 201680064246 A CN201680064246 A CN 201680064246A CN 108368269 A CN108368269 A CN 108368269A
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- polysiloxanes
- alkoxy
- oligomerisation
- polyalkylene ether
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种通过烷氧基官能化聚硅氧烷与OH封端的齐聚‑或聚亚烷基醚在四‑n‑C1‑C6烷氧基钛酸酯作为催化剂存在下的酯交换制备齐聚‑或聚亚烷基醚改性的聚硅氧烷的方法。可以通过该方法得到的齐聚‑或聚亚烷基醚改性的聚二甲基硅氧烷适合作为消泡剂、润湿剂和涂料配制剂中的添加剂。
Description
本发明涉及一种制备齐聚-和聚亚烷基醚改性的聚硅氧烷的方法以及可以相应地得到的该齐聚-或聚亚烷基醚改性的聚二甲基硅氧烷作为消泡剂、润湿剂和涂料配制剂中的添加剂的用途。
液体聚合物基组合物(液体体系),如油漆、印刷油墨和聚合物基液体涂料例如在固体基材的表面上以薄层施用通常成问题,若该液体体系具有高表面张力,而该基材的表面张力低的话。
液体体系通常不仅包含一种或多种聚合物树脂,而且包含一种或多种溶剂或稀释剂以及任选地还有填料、颜料和/或添加剂。现代合成基料体系如环氧树脂、2K聚氨酯体系、聚酯树脂、蜜胺树脂和辐射固化基料具有使得它们与基于氧化干燥脂肪酸或油的传统基料相比具有较高固有表面张力的组成和分子结构。因此,通常与施用基于醇酸树脂或类似氧化干燥油或脂肪酸的传统涂料相比更难将基于这类合成基料体系的液体体系施用于表面。
含水涂料组合物自然尤其具有高表面张力。为了得到高度致密、均匀光滑、美观的表面,必须将流动控制剂体系加入该类组合物中。这些流动控制助剂通过降低该组合物的表面张力以产生该组合物在基材表面上的改进铺展和固化时形成的聚合物薄膜的更好流动而起作用,由此给出光滑表面。考虑到其促进固化时形成的聚合物薄膜的流动的性能,这些助剂降低已知为缩孔的缺陷形成,它们由外部作用杂质或基材表面上的杂质引起。
已知在液体体系中出现的其他现象是起泡和泡沫稳定化。这些性能也与不同界面张力相关且尤其在含水体系如含水涂料组合物中出现。存在于该液体中的聚合物引入气泡并且因此在加工该液体组合物时和在生产光学上吸引人的涂层时存在问题。发现在液体中引入空气特别是在喷雾施涂中是破坏性的。
在表面改性的方法中,尤其是在用表面反应性分子的含水混合物表面改性疏水性基材的方法中,也可能出现可以归因于界面张力不同的不希望效果。因此,存在该含水混合物对疏水性基材的不完全润湿,导致表面反应性分子对该基材的不均匀覆盖。为了对抗这一点,将润湿剂加入液体反应混合物中。
对抗上述问题的许多表面活性添加剂可市购。这些添加剂例如具有促进涂料流动、流平或展开的效果并且它们降低缺陷的形成,具有消泡和/或脱气能力或者可以用作润湿剂。
用于上述目的的已知化合物是有机改性的聚硅氧烷。这类化合物的特别重要代表是齐聚-和聚亚烷基醚改性的聚硅氧烷。使用这些化合物比较容易通过改变疏水性聚硅氧烷骨架上的亲水性聚亚烷基醚链的长度和组成获得具有不同性能的表面活性聚合物,它们可以用于不同液体体系。因此,齐聚-和聚亚烷基醚改性的聚硅氧烷是工业上重要的一类化合物并且希望极其容易和经济地得到这些化合物。
现有技术中描述了齐聚-和聚亚烷基醚改性的聚硅氧烷的各种制备方法。这些方法主要涉及H-聚硅氧烷对相应烯丙基醚的氢化硅烷化或H-聚硅氧烷或氯代聚硅氧烷与OH官能化齐聚-或聚亚烷基醚的缩合反应。在其他方法中,使烷氧基官能化聚硅氧烷与OH官能化齐聚-或聚亚烷基醚以烷氧基转移反应—也称为酯交换形式反应。在烷氧基转移中,与硅原子键合的烷氧基在催化剂存在下被另一烷氧基替换。该烷氧基转移例如描述于H.Steimann等,Z.Chem.1977,17,3,89-92的综述文章中。
EP 1739132 A2描述了线性有机聚硅氧烷-聚氧化烯共聚物的制备,其中聚氧化烯基团经由1,3-亚丙基桥与有机聚硅氧烷的末端硅原子键合。这些共聚物通过烯丙基化合物的铂催化氢化硅烷化制备。
US 3,133,111描述了一种含有烷氧基的有机硅化合物的酯交换方法,实例是烷氧基官能化有机硅氧烷与OH官能化聚氧化烯的反应。作为酯交换催化剂,描述了有机酸与碱的组合。
EP 0542484 A1描述了一种制备带有末端不饱和基团的有机硅化合物,例如聚硅氧烷的方法。对于制备这些化合物给出的一种可能性是在硅原子上键合的烷氧基官能团与不饱和链烷酰基在酯交换反应中的反应。提到了各种酯交换催化剂;实施例中所用酯交换催化剂是钛酸四异丙基酯。
现有技术的方法具有缺点。原料,特别是烯丙基醚的制备不便且昂贵。氯代硅氧烷与OH封端的齐聚-或聚亚烷基醚的反应导致形成不希望的盐。在H-聚硅氧烷与OH封端的齐聚-或聚亚烷基醚的缩合中,存在氢气的不希望释放。在通过烷氧基转移反应制备齐聚-或聚亚烷基醚改性的聚硅氧烷中的时空产率并不令人满意。
因此,本发明的目的是要提供一种制备齐聚-或聚亚烷基醚官能化聚硅氧烷的方法,其允许这些化合物简单、经济地制备且没有上述缺点。聚硅氧烷应该尤其适合作为聚合物基液体体系,尤其是基于合成基料体系—实例是物理干燥含水基料体系如聚合物胶乳的液体体系,但还有可热固化基料体系如环氧树脂、2K聚氨酯体系、聚酯树脂和蜜胺树脂,还有辐射固化基料的添加剂。
惊人地发现在硅原子上的烷氧基转移反应在四-C1-C6烷氧基钛酸酯存在下以快速速率进行。
本发明所基于的目的通过一种制备齐聚-或聚亚烷基醚改性的聚硅氧烷的方法实现,其中使烷氧基官能化聚硅氧烷与OH官能化齐聚-或聚亚烷基醚在四-C1-C6烷氧基钛酸酯存在下反应。
因此,本发明涉及一种制备具有至少一个齐聚-或聚亚烷基醚基团的聚硅氧烷(1)的方法,包括使具有至少一个与聚硅氧烷(2)的硅原子键合的C1-C6烷氧基的聚硅氧烷(2)与OH封端的齐聚-或聚亚烷基醚(3)在催化剂存在下反应,其中该催化剂为四-C1-C6烷氧基钛酸酯。
本发明还涉及可以由本发明方法得到的聚二甲基硅氧烷(1)在涂料配制剂中作为消泡剂、润湿剂和添加剂,尤其是作为流动控制助剂的用途。
本发明方法使用具有至少一个与聚硅氧烷(2)的硅原子键合的C1-C6烷氧基的聚硅氧烷(2)。聚硅氧烷(2)优选平均具有1-6个,更具体为1-4个,尤其是1或2个在每种情况下与聚硅氧烷(2)的硅原子键合的C1-C6烷氧基。
这里和下文中,烷基是例如具有1-20个或1-6个或1-4个碳原子的饱和、线性或支化烃基。烷基的实例是甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、2-丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丙基、1,1-二甲基丙基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基、正己基、2-己基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、4-甲基戊基、1,2-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基、2,3-二甲基丁基、1,1-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基、1,1,2-三甲基丙基、1,2,2-三甲基丙基、1-乙基丁基、2-乙基丁基、1-乙基-2-甲基丙基、正庚基、2-庚基、3-庚基、2-乙基戊基、1-丙基丁基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基和二十烷基,包括上述基团的异构体。
烷氧基是经由氧原子键合且例如具有1-6个或1-4个碳原子的饱和、线性或支化烃基。烷氧基的实例是甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、2-丁氧基、异丁氧基、叔丁氧基、正戊氧基和正己氧基,包括最后提到的两个基团的异构体。
至少一个与聚硅氧烷(2)的硅原子键合的C1-C6烷氧基优选选自C1-C4烷氧基,更具体为线性C1-C4烷氧基,尤其是甲氧基和乙氧基。
若不止一个C1-C6烷氧基键合于聚硅氧烷(2),则C1-C6烷氧基优选在每种情况下键合于聚硅氧烷(2)的不同硅原子。
本发明方法的一个优选实施方案使用为线性且在两个末端硅原子的至少一个上在每种情况下带有C1-C6烷氧基,更具体的是在每种情况下线性C1-C4烷氧基,尤其是甲氧基或乙氧基的聚硅氧烷(2)。在该实施方案中,优选两个末端硅原子各自带有一个C1-C6烷氧基,更具体为各自一个线性C1-C4烷氧基,尤其是甲氧基或乙氧基。
在本发明方法中优选使用平均具有5-30个硅原子,更具体为6-20个硅原子的聚硅氧烷(2)。
聚硅氧烷(2)优选为聚二-C1-C20烷基硅氧烷,更优选聚二-C1-C6烷基硅氧烷。非常优选聚硅氧烷(2)为聚二甲基硅氧烷。
特别优选将下式(2a)的聚硅氧烷(2)用于本发明方法中:
其中
R1和R2相互独立地为C1-C6烷氧基,更具体为线性C1-C4烷氧基,尤其是甲氧基或乙氧基,具有1-20个碳原子的线性或支化烷基,具有2-20个碳原子的线性或支化单-或多不饱和链烯基或苯基,
以及基团R1和R2中至少一个为C1-C6烷氧基,
R3、R4、R5、R6、R7和R8相互独立地为具有1-20个,更具体为1-10个或1-4个碳原子的线性或支化烷基,具有2-20个、2-6个或2-4个碳原子的线性或支化单-或多不饱和链烯基或苯基,以及
n为3-28,优选3-16的数。
优选式(2a)的聚硅氧烷是其中R3、R4、R5、R6、R7和R8各自为具有1-4个碳原子的线性或支化烷基,更具体为甲基,并且R1和R2各自为C1-C6烷氧基,更具体为线性C1-C4烷氧基,尤其是甲氧基或乙氧基的那些。
环烷基是例如具有3-10个或3-6个碳原子的饱和环状烃基。环烷基的实例是环丙基、环丁基、环戊基和环己基。
链烯基是例如具有1、2或3个碳-碳双键且例如具有2-20个碳原子或2-6个碳原子的不饱和线性或支化烃基。链烯基的实例是乙烯基、烯丙基、异丙烯基、丁烯基、正戊烯基和异戊二烯基。
炔基是例如具有1、2或3个碳-碳叁键且例如具有2-20个碳原子或2-6个碳原子的不饱和线性或支化烃基。炔基的实例是乙炔基、炔丙基和丁炔基。
亚烷基和链烷二基表示例如具有1-10个碳原子,更具体的是2-4个碳原子的线性或支化、饱和二价烃基,例如亚甲基、1,2-亚乙基、1,2-亚丙基、1,3-亚丙基、1,2-亚丁基、1,3-亚丁基、1,4-亚丁基、2-甲基-1,2-亚丙基、1,6-亚己基、1,7-亚庚基、1,9-亚壬基和1,10-亚癸基。
聚硅氧烷(2)优选通过环状或线性齐聚-和/或聚硅氧烷,优选齐聚-和/或聚二甲基硅氧烷,与C1-C6烷氧基硅烷的反应提供。平衡通常以酸催化进行。优选用于该平衡的酸是有机磺酸,更特别是芳族磺酸如对甲苯磺酸,以及链烷磺酸,更优选卤代链烷磺酸如三氟甲磺酸。进一步优选用于该平衡的酸是酸性离子交换树脂,实例是和牌号的那些。
用于制备聚硅氧烷(2)的齐聚-和/或聚二甲基硅氧烷的实例是具有2-6个硅原子的线性或者尤其环状聚硅氧烷,实例是八甲基环四硅氧烷、十甲基环五硅氧烷及其混合物。
C1-C6烷氧基硅烷优选为式(R9O)mR10 4-mSi的化合物,其中R9为C1-C6烷基,R10为C1-C6烷基、C3-C6环烷基、苯基、C2-C6链烯基或C2-C6炔基,并且m为1、2、3或4。特别优选使用式(R9O)2R10 2Si的C1-C6烷氧基硅烷。R9优选为C1-C4烷基,更具体为线性C1-C4烷基,尤其是甲基或乙基。R10优选为C1-C6烷基,更具体为甲基。C1-C6烷氧基硅烷的实例为C1-C6烷氧基三-C1-C6烷基硅烷和C1-C6烷氧基二-C1-C6烷基C2-C6链烯基硅烷如甲氧基三甲基硅烷、乙氧基三甲基硅烷、正丙氧基三甲基硅烷、甲氧基二甲基乙基硅烷、乙氧基二甲基乙基硅烷、正丙氧基二甲基乙基硅烷、甲氧基二甲基乙烯基硅烷、乙氧基二甲基乙烯基硅烷、正丙氧基二甲基乙烯基硅烷,二-C1-C6烷氧基二-C1-C6烷基硅烷如二甲基二甲氧基硅烷、二乙基二甲氧基硅烷、二甲基二乙氧基硅烷、二乙基二乙氧基硅烷,三-C1-C6烷氧基C1-C6烷基硅烷如三甲氧基甲基硅烷和三乙氧基甲基硅烷,以及还有四-C1-C6烷氧基硅烷如四甲氧基硅烷和四乙氧基硅烷,以及它们的混合物。
通常选择用于该平衡的酸的量以使得该酸在反应混合物中的浓度为0.1-5g/kg,更具体为0.5-1g/kg。
该平衡可以在惰性有机溶剂中进行,实例是芳族烃类。该平衡更具体而言在本体中进行。
该平衡所要求的温度通常位于20-120℃的范围内。该反应的持续时间当然取决于反应性和反应温度并且可以借助常规试验确定。典型的是进行该平衡直到反应物和反应产物的比例呈平衡。包括建立平衡在内的反应进程可以通过由标准方法测量特定参数,例如粘度、固体含量等确定。
在本发明方法中,使聚硅氧烷(2)与OH封端的齐聚或聚亚烷基醚(3)反应。本发明方法中所用齐聚-和聚亚烷基醚(3)呈具有两个末端的线性结构。齐聚-或聚亚烷基醚(3)在一端或两端在每种情况下被OH基团封端。齐聚-或聚亚烷基醚优选仅在两个末端之一被OH基团封端。
本发明方法的一个优选实施方案使用仅在两个末端之一被OH基团封端的齐聚-或聚亚烷基醚(3)。该实施方案的优选齐聚-和聚亚烷基醚(3)是式(3a)的那些:
R-[O-A]k-OH (3a)
其中
A为C2-C4链烷-1,2-二基,
k为2-100的数,
R为具有1-20个碳原子的一价烃基,更具体为C1-C20烷基、C2-C20链烯基或C2-C20炔基。
在上述式(3a)中,结构部分A可以选择为相同或不同,例如式(3a)化合物可以含有C2链烷-1,2-二基和C3链烷-1,2-二基。
在替换实施方案中,该实施方案的优选齐聚-和聚亚烷基醚(3)是式(3b)的那些:
R-[O-E]r-[O-P]s-OH (3a)
其中
E为C2链烷-1,2-二基,
P为C3链烷-1,2-二基,
r为0-100的数,
s为0-100的数,
(r+s)为2-100的数,
R为具有1-20个碳原子的一价烃基,更具体为C1-C20烷基、C2-C20链烯基或C2-C20炔基。
优选的齐聚-和聚亚烷基醚(3)由C1-C6亚烷基氧基单元,更具体为C2-C4亚烷基氧基单元构成。特别优选齐聚-和聚亚烷基醚(3)由C2-C4链烷-1,2-二基氧基单元,非常优选乙烷-1,2-二基氧基和/或丙烷-1,2-二基氧基单元构成。
优选的齐聚-和聚亚烷基醚(3)是齐聚-和聚乙二醇,齐聚-和聚丙二醇以及具有乙二醇和丙二醇单元的齐聚-和聚亚烷基二醇。特别优选在两个末端之一被具有1-20个碳原子的一价烃基,更具体为C1-C20烷基、C2-C20链烯基或C2-C20炔基官能化的齐聚-和聚乙二醇,齐聚-和聚丙二醇以及具有乙二醇和丙二醇单元的齐聚-和聚亚烷基二醇。特别优选的齐聚-和聚亚烷基醚(3)的实例选自正丁基二甘醇、甲基三丙二醇、正丁基聚丙二醇、甲基聚乙二醇、正丁基聚丙二醇、烯丙基聚乙二醇、烯丙基聚丙二醇、具有乙二醇和丙二醇单元的烯丙基聚醚及其混合物。
本发明方法中所用OH封端的齐聚-和聚亚烷基醚(3)优选具有100-3000g/mol,更优选150-2000g/mol的重均分子量。
其中使用OH封端的齐聚-或聚亚烷基醚(3)和聚硅氧烷(2)的比例优选应使得齐聚-或聚亚烷基醚(3)中的OH基团与聚硅氧烷(2)中的C1-C6烷氧基的摩尔比为0.5:1-3:1,更具体为0.8:1-2:1。
在一个优选实施方案中,本发明方法在不加入溶剂下本体进行。
在另一优选实施方案中,本发明方法在有机溶剂中进行。优选的有机溶剂是非质子有机溶剂,例如优选选自芳族烃如甲苯、二甲苯类及其混合物。
在本发明方法中将四-C1-C6烷氧基钛酸酯用作催化剂。优选四甲氧基钛酸酯、四乙氧基钛酸酯、四正丙氧基钛酸酯、四异丙氧基钛酸酯和四正丁氧基钛酸酯。特别优选四正丁氧基钛酸酯。
四-C1-C6烷氧基钛酸酯的用量基于反应混合物的总重量通常为0.01-3重量%,更具体为0.05-1重量%。
本发明方法通常在100-200℃,更具体为120-180℃的反应温度下进行。
更具体进行本发明方法以使得在聚硅氧烷(2)与齐聚-或聚亚烷基醚(3)的反应中形成的C1-C6链烷醇在该反应过程中通过蒸馏至少部分从反应混合物中除去。
聚硅氧烷(2)与齐聚-或聚亚烷基醚(3)在四-C1-C6烷氧基钛酸酯催化剂存在下的反应可以在原则上由现有技术已知种类的反应容器中进行。这些例如为反应器如搅拌釜,特别是具有小间隙搅拌器的那些,包括搅拌釜级联,还有管式反应器,它们可以任选具有动态和/或静态混合元件。反应器通常具有一个或多个提供反应物的装置和取出产物的装置,以及任选还有提供和取出反应热的装置和任选的还有控制和/或监测压力、温度、转化率等反应参数的装置。反应器可以分批或者连续操作。
可以通过本发明方法得到的齐聚-和聚亚烷基醚改性的聚硅氧烷(1)作为流动控制助剂、消泡剂和脱气剂具有有利的质量。它们有利地适合作为聚合物基液体体系,尤其是基于合成基料体系—实例是物理干燥含水基料体系如聚合物胶乳的液体体系,但还有可热固化基料体系如环氧树脂、2K聚氨酯体系、聚酯树脂和蜜胺树脂,还有辐射固化基料的添加剂。
在涂料配制剂中,聚硅氧烷(1),尤其是线性聚二甲基硅氧烷(1)起促进涂料组合物在待涂敷基材表面上均匀铺展并因此得到比未加添加剂的涂料配制剂得到更平滑的涂层的添加剂的作用。此外,包含聚硅氧烷(1),尤其是线性聚二甲基硅氧烷(1)的涂料配制剂赋予由它们生产的涂层以改善的拒污效果,尤其是疏水化效果。因此,聚硅氧烷(1),尤其是线性聚二甲基硅氧烷(1)适合降低涂层的沾污倾向,以及还适合作为疏水化防涂鸦添加剂。
此外,聚硅氧烷(1)有利地适合作为润湿剂,尤其是在表面改性方法中所用液体组合物中的润湿剂。聚硅氧烷(1)尤其适合作为疏水基材的表面改性所用含水组合物中的润湿剂。
因此,本发明的另一主题是在两个末端硅原子各自上带有式(3b)的基团的线性聚二甲基硅氧烷(1)作为消泡剂,更具体在含水体系中,例如在含水涂料配制剂或聚合物水分散体中作为消泡剂的用途:
R-[O-A]k-O- (3b)
其中A为C2-C4链烷-1,2-二基,k为2-100的数,以及R为具有1-20个碳原子的一价烃基,更具体为C1-C20烷基、C2-C20链烯基或C2-C20炔基。
本发明的另一主题是在两个末端硅原子各自上带有式(3b)的基团的线性聚二甲基硅氧烷(1)作为润湿剂,尤其是在表面改性方法中作为润湿剂的用途。
本发明的另一主题是在两个末端硅原子各自上带有式(3b)的基团的线性聚二甲基硅氧烷(1)在涂料配制剂,尤其是包含至少一种有机基料的含水涂料配制剂中作为添加剂,尤其是作为消泡剂和/或流动控制助剂的用途。
在本发明的第一实施方案中,该有机基料是物理干燥基料,更具体为含水涂料体系如圬工涂料、室内漆、水泥结合基材如混凝土屋面瓦和纤维水泥板用漆、木器漆等中所用含水聚合物胶乳。聚合物胶乳原则上可以是用于该目的的任何聚合物胶乳,实例是乙酸乙烯酯/乙烯聚合物胶乳、聚苯乙烯胶乳、苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯聚合物胶乳、直接丙烯酸酯胶乳、苯乙烯-丁二烯胶乳、聚烯烃胶乳等。相应涂料和配制剂配方的实例在M.Schwartz,R.Baumstark,Waterbased Acrylates for Decorative Coatings,Curt-Vincentz-Verlag,2001中找到。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,该有机基料是在施涂之后固化的基料。这里尤其包括:
-包含热固性基料作为有机基料的配制剂,如环氧配制剂,例如环氧树脂与胺类硬化剂的混合物,环氧-酚醛树脂混合物和聚酯-蜜胺-环氧树脂配制剂,蜜胺树脂配制剂,例如醇酸-蜜胺树脂配制剂、聚酯-蜜胺树脂配制剂、具有异氰酸酯固化剂的聚酯-蜜胺树脂配制剂和丙烯酸酯-蜜胺树脂配制剂,还有酚醛树脂配制剂,
-2K聚氨酯配制剂,
-2K环氧配制剂,
-可辐射固化组合物,以及
-氧化固化配制剂。
2K聚氨酯配制剂应理解为包含至少一种多元醇组分作为基料和至少一种异氰酸酯固化剂的配制剂,该多元醇组分的实例是具有至少两个羟基的低分子量化合物以及还有每分子平均具有至少两个羟基的齐聚或聚合物质,如聚丙烯酸酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇,该异氰酸酯固化剂即每分子平均具有至少两个NCO基团的齐聚化合物,如索尔鸟、脲基甲酸酯或上述二异氰酸酯的氰尿酸酯。这些2K配制剂固化形成聚氨酯网络。
2K环氧配制剂应理解为包含至少一种环氧树脂作为基料和至少一种胺类硬化剂的配制剂,该环氧树脂例如为基于双酚A的二缩水甘油基醚或基于环氢化双酚A的二缩水甘油基醚的环氧树脂,该胺类硬化剂即具有至少两个伯和/或仲氨基的低分子量或齐聚化合物。
可辐射固化组合物应理解为包含基于在暴露于光或光化辐射时固化成聚合物网络的可光聚合预聚物的基料的配制剂。该可光聚合预聚物尤其包括平均具有至少两个烯属不饱和基团,更具体为丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯或烯丙基的齐聚物,实例是尿烷丙烯酸酯、聚醚丙烯酸酯和聚酯丙烯酸酯。
氧化固化配制剂应理解为包含在暴露于氧气时固化成固体聚合物薄膜的齐聚物质作为基料的配制剂。该类物质的实例是不饱和脂肪酸或不饱和脂肪酸的酯,例如基于不饱和脂肪酸的醇酸树脂。
线性聚二甲基硅氧烷(1)通常以使得聚二甲基硅氧烷(1)在该涂料配制剂中的总量基于该涂料配制剂的总重量为0.01-5重量%,更具体为0.1-3重量%,尤其是0.2-2重量%的量使用。
除了基料和本发明的聚二甲基硅氧烷(1)外,该涂料配制剂可以包含一种或多种通常存在于涂料配制剂中的那类成分。这些额外成分的性质以本身已知的方式取决于所需最终应用和特定的基料体系。
其他成分尤其包括着色剂如染料和颜料,填料,液体溶剂和稀释剂,包括已知为反应性稀释剂的那些,还有常规添加剂。
合适的着色剂尤其是有机和无机颜料。有机颜料的实例是彩色颜料和珠光颜料如偶氮颜料、双偶氮颜料、萘酚颜料、苯并咪唑啉酮颜料、偶氮缩合颜料、金属配合物颜料、异吲哚啉酮颜料、喹酞酮颜料和二嗪颜料,多环颜料如靛蓝、硫靛、喹吖啶酮类、酞菁类、苝类、芘酮类、蒽醌类如氨基蒽醌类或羟基蒽醌类、蒽素嘧啶类、阴丹酮类、黄烷士酮类、皮蒽酮类、二苯并[cd,jk]芘-5,10-二酮类、异蒽酮紫类、二酮基吡咯并吡咯类,以及还有咔唑类,例如咔唑紫等。有机颜料的其他实例可以从下列专著:W.Herbst,K.Hunger“Industrielle Organische Pigmente”,第2版,1995,VCH Verlagsgesellschaft,ISBN:3-527-28744-2得到。无机颜料的实例是金属薄片如铝,还有氧化铝、氧化铁(III)、氧化铬(III)、氧化钛(IV)、氧化锆(IV)、氧化锌、硫化锌、磷酸锌、混合金属氧化物磷酸盐、硫化钼、硫化镉、石墨、钒酸盐如钒酸铋、铬酸盐如铬酸铅(IV)、钼酸盐如钼酸铅(IV)及其混合物。
合适填料的实例是无机或有机颗粒状材料如碳酸钙和硅酸钙,还有无机纤维材料如玻璃纤维。还可以使用有机填料如碳纤维,以及有机和无机填料的混合物,如玻璃纤维和碳纤维的混合物,或者碳纤维和无机填料的混合物。填料可以基于该组合物的总重量以1-75重量%的量加入。
溶剂的具体实例是有机溶剂,例如选自下面所列溶剂L.1、L.2、L.3、L.4、L.5和L.6:
L.1脂族和脂环族醇类,如甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、二甘醇、丙二醇、乙二醇单甲基醚、乙二醇单乙基醚和乙二醇单丁基醚,
L.2脂族单羧酸和二羧酸的烷基酯,如乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯或乙酸己酯,乙二醇单甲基醚乙酸酯,乙二醇单乙基醚乙酸酯和乙二醇单丁基醚乙酸酯,
L.3脂族和脂环族醚类,如乙醚、二丁基醚、甲基叔丁基醚、乙基叔丁基醚、乙二醇二甲基米、乙二醇二乙基醚、四氢呋喃和二烷,
L.4脂族和脂环族酮类,如丙酮、甲基乙基酮和环己酮,
L.5脂族羧酸的N,N-二烷基酰胺和N-烷基内酰胺,如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和N-甲基吡咯烷酮,
L.6芳族有机溶剂,如苯、甲苯或二甲苯类,还有上述有机溶剂的混合物,以及还有脂族和脂环族烃和烃混合物。
反应性稀释剂的实例尤其为单烯属不饱和单体,尤其是丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的烷基和环烷基酯,还有杂环丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯如(甲基)丙烯酸四氢糠基酯和(甲基)丙烯酸1,3-二氧戊环-4-基甲基酯,但还有二-或多烯属不饱和单体如亚烷基二醇二丙烯酸酯和二甲基丙烯酸酯,例如1,4-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯和1,6-己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯,齐聚亚烷基二醇二丙烯酸酯和二甲基丙烯酸酯,如二甘醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三甘醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯和二丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯,以及季戊四醇二-和三(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
合适的常规添加剂进一步包括例如抗氧化剂、UV吸收剂/光稳定剂、金属减活剂、抗静电剂、增强剂、填料、防雾剂、挥发剂、生物杀伤剂、增塑剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、流变剂、催化剂、光引发剂、粘附调节剂、荧光增白剂、阻燃剂、防滴剂和成核剂,以及还有其混合物。
任选使用的光稳定剂/UV吸收剂、抗氧化剂和金属减活剂优选具有高迁移稳定性和耐热性。它们例如选自a)-t)组。a)-g)和i)组化合物表示光稳定剂/UV吸收剂,而化合物j)-t)用作稳定剂。
a)4,4-二芳基丁二烯类,
b)肉桂酸酯类,
c)苯并三唑类,
d)羟基二苯甲酮类,
e)二苯基氰基丙烯酸酯类,
f)草酰胺类,
g)2-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪类,
h)抗氧化剂,
i)镍化合物,
j)位阻胺类,
k)金属减活剂,
l)亚磷酸酯类和亚膦酸酯类,
m)羟基胺类,
n)硝酮类,
o)胺氧化物,
p)苯并呋喃酮类和吲哚啉酮类,
q)硫增效剂,
r)破坏过氧化物的化合物,
s)聚酰胺稳定剂,以及
t)碱性助稳定剂。
适合该涂料配制剂的常规添加剂的选择取决于该涂料配制剂的特定最终用途并且可以在每种单独情况下由熟练技术人员确定。
为了在基材上产生涂层的目的而施用该涂料配制剂可以通过所有常规施用技术如喷涂、刮涂、铺展、浇注、浸涂或滚涂完成。优选使用喷涂技术如压缩空气喷涂、无空气喷涂、高速旋转、静电喷涂(ESTA),任选与热喷涂如热空气喷涂结合。施用可以在最高70-80℃的温度下进行,从而在不改变或损害涂料以及任选对于再加工所意欲的涂料过喷下在其所暴露的简短热负荷下实现合适的施用粘度。例如,热喷涂可以以使得该涂料仅在喷嘴中或紧临喷嘴之前非常简短地加热的方式设计。
用于施用的喷漆橱例如可以用任选可热调节的循环操作,该循环用适合过喷的吸收介质操作,实例是涂料本身。
上述施用技术当然还可以用于生产作为生产多涂层体系的一部分的其他涂膜或底涂膜。此时可以使用不同的涂料来构造各种涂层中的每一种。优选施用于底涂膜。
所考虑的基材横跨多种材料,既有施加底漆的又有未施加底漆的。这些例如为金属、塑料、木材、陶瓷、石头、织物、纤维复合材料、皮革、玻璃、玻璃纤维、玻璃棉和岩棉、矿物结合和树脂结合的建筑材料如石膏板和水泥板或屋面瓦。
本发明通过下文的实施例更详细阐明。
实施例
分析
动摩擦系数的测定
动摩擦系数(COF)使用来自RAY-RAN Test Equipment Ltd的COF测试仪通过“Pull-Meter”方法(ASTM C-1028-96)测定。
光泽度和雾度的测定
光泽度和雾度使用来自BYK-Gardner的“micro-Tri-gloss”测定。
凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)
凝胶渗透色谱法使用来自Agilent的“1260Infinity”进行。使用两个ResiPore柱(300×7.5mm;3μm)。所用洗脱剂为在40℃炉温下的四氢呋喃(1mL/分钟)。检测使用RI检测器进行。
1H-NMR光谱法
1H-NMR光谱在CDCl3中使用来自Bruker的400MHz NMR分光计记录。
所用材料
八甲基环四硅氧烷(97%,ABCR)
二甲基二乙氧基硅烷(97%,ABCR)
三氟甲磺酸(98%,Sigma-Aldrich)
三正丁基胺(>98.5%,Sigma-Aldrich)
二甲苯(≥96%,Sigma-Aldrich)
P 300-7C型透明PE板(PET片材,LAU GmbH)
烷氧基官能化硅氧烷的制备
硅氧烷1的制备:CH3CH2O-Si(CH3)2-O-(Si(CH3)2-O)12-Si(CH3)2-OCH2CH3
将3120g八甲基环四硅氧烷、694g二甲基二乙氧基硅烷和2.5g三氟甲磺酸在5L反应器中合并并在60℃下搅拌6小时。在经由混合物中固体级分增加测定建立平衡之后,通过加入4g三正丁基胺中和催化剂。将反应混合物过滤并通过在减压下汽提除去未反应原料和作为副产物形成的低分子量齐聚物。所得产物通过NMR光谱法分析。它包含3242g硅氧烷1。
硅氧烷2的制备:CH3CH2O-Si(CH3)2-O-(Si(CH3)2-O)22-Si(CH3)2-OCH2CH3
将2700g八甲基环四硅氧烷、300g二甲基二乙氧基硅烷和2.5g三氟甲磺酸在5L反应器中合并并在60℃下搅拌6小时。在经由混合物中固体级分增加测定建立平衡之后,通过加入4g三正丁基胺中和催化剂。将反应混合物过滤并通过在减压下汽提除去未反应原料和作为副产物形成的低分子量齐聚物。所得产物通过NMR光谱法分析。它包含2550g硅氧烷2。
烷氧基官能化硅氧烷的烷氧基转移
将表1所示量的硅氧烷、聚亚烷基醚、二甲苯和四正丁氧基钛酸酯混合并在搅拌下将该混合物缓慢加热至160℃。在该温度下将反应混合物搅拌8小时并同时通过蒸馏除去乙醇和部分溶剂。反应进程通过凝胶渗透色谱法监测。在完全转化之后,减压除去溶剂,直到固体含量>98重量%。所得产物无需额外提纯进一步使用。
用于烷氧基转移的聚亚烷基醚如下(括号中为重均分子量):
聚醚1:正丁基二甘醇(162g/mol)
聚醚2:甲基三丙二醇(222g/mol)
聚醚3:正丁基聚丙二醇(1350g/mol)
聚醚4:甲基聚乙二醇(350g/mol)
聚醚5:甲基聚乙二醇(500g/mol)
聚醚6:具有乙二醇和丙二醇单元的烯丙基聚醚(554g/mol)
聚醚7:具有乙二醇和丙二醇单元的烯丙基聚醚(950g/mol)
聚醚8:正丁基聚丙二醇(1200g/mol)
聚醚9:烯丙基聚乙二醇(500g/mol)
聚醚10:烯丙基聚丙二醇(975g/mol)
表1
应用实施例
作为流动控制助剂的用途
所用测试配制剂是稀释8052分散体(BASF SE)(9.24g水,90.76g8052)。使用电动混合器在2500转/分钟下在2分钟内将表2所示量的实施例化合物掺入25g一批的稀释8052分散体中。表2中所示重量%基于该分散体的总重量。使用60μm刮刀以10mm/s的速率将配制剂施用于PET片材上。将样品干燥24小时并测量动摩擦系数以及光泽度和雾度。以1-8的评分(1=非常好,8=非常差)肉眼评价表面结构和缩孔。所用参照物为市售聚醚改性的聚硅氧烷SL-3299(BASF SE)。
表2
(C):非本发明的对比例
作为消泡剂的用途
所用测试配制剂是稀释LR9014分散体(BASF SE)(35g水,85gLR9014)。通过用电动混合器在4500转/分钟下搅拌在3分钟内将表3所示实施例化合物掺入该分散体中。在所有应用实施例中,实施例化合物在分散体中的浓度基于该分散体的总重量为0.42重量%。在掺入该实施例化合物之后立即使用比重瓶(不锈钢,100cm3)测定该配制剂的密度。完全脱气的稀释LR9014分散体的参考密度为1.101g/cm3。
对于相容性测试,使用刮刀以10mm/s的速率将分散体以100μm的薄膜厚度施用于PET片材上。检查完全固化的薄膜。
为了评价储存稳定性,在45℃下储存14天后将分散体用电动混合器在4500转/分下搅拌3分钟并使用比重瓶测量其密度。
以1-4的评分(1=薄膜令人满意,无明显缩孔或斑点,2=薄膜令人满意,轻微不均匀,零星缩孔或斑点,3=表面非常不均匀,大规模缩孔和斑点,4=由于不相容性而没有形成薄膜)检查薄膜。
表3
(C):非本发明的对比例
n.d.:未测定
Claims (16)
1.一种制备具有至少一个齐聚-或聚亚烷基醚基团的聚硅氧烷(1)的方法,包括使具有至少一个与聚硅氧烷(2)的硅原子键合的C1-C6烷氧基的聚硅氧烷(2)与OH封端的齐聚-或聚亚烷基醚(3)在催化剂存在下反应,所述催化剂为四-C1-C6烷氧基钛酸酯。
2.如权利要求1所要求的方法,其中所述OH封端的齐聚-或聚亚烷基醚(3)具有下式(3a):
R-[O-A]k-OH (3a)
其中A为C2-C4链烷-1,2-二基,k为2-100的数且R为具有1-20个碳原子的一价烃基,更具体为C1-C20烷基、C2-C20链烯基或C2-C20炔基。
3.如前述权利要求中任一项所要求的方法,其中所述OH封端的齐聚-或聚亚烷基醚(3)和聚硅氧烷(2)以使得齐聚-或聚亚烷基醚(3)中的OH基团与聚硅氧烷(2)中的C1-C6烷氧基的摩尔比为0.8:1-2:1的比例使用。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所要求的方法,其中所述反应在非质子有机溶剂中进行,所述非质子有机溶剂更具体选自芳族烃。
5.如前述权利要求中任一项所要求的方法,其中所述四-C1-C6烷氧基钛酸酯基于反应混合物的总重量以0.05-1重量%的量使用。
6.如前述权利要求中任一项所要求的方法,其中所述四-C1-C6烷氧基钛酸酯选自四甲氧基钛酸酯、四乙氧基钛酸酯、四正丙氧基钛酸酯、四异丙氧基钛酸酯和四正丁氧基钛酸酯。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所要求的方法,其中在所述反应过程中形成的C1-C6链烷醇通过从反应混合物中蒸馏而在反应过程中至少部分除去。
8.如前述权利要求中任一项所要求的方法,其中所用聚硅氧烷(2)具有下列特征中的至少一个:
-聚硅氧烷(2)平均具有5-30个硅原子,
-聚硅氧烷(2)具有1-6个在每种情况下与聚硅氧烷(2)的一个硅原子键合的C1-C6烷氧基,
-聚硅氧烷(2)为在两个末端硅原子各自上带有C1-C6烷氧基的线性聚硅氧烷,
-聚硅氧烷(2)为聚二甲基硅氧烷,
-所述至少一个与聚硅氧烷(2)的硅原子键合的C1-C6烷氧基选自甲氧基和乙氧基。
9.如前述权利要求中任一项所要求的方法,其中聚硅氧烷(2)通过使具有2-6个硅原子的线性或环状聚硅氧烷与式(R9O)mR10 4-mSi的C1-C6烷氧基硅烷反应而提供,其中R9为C1-C6烷基,R10为C1-C6烷基、C3-C6环烷基、苯基、C2-C6链烯基或C2-C6炔基且m为1、2、3或4。
10.如权利要求9所要求的方法,其中C1-C6烷氧基硅烷具有式(R9O)2R10 2Si。
11.如权利要求9或10所要求的方法,其中R9为甲基或乙基且R10为甲基。
12.在两个末端硅原子各自上带有式(3b)的基团的线性聚二甲基硅氧烷(1)作为消泡剂的用途:
R-[O-A]k-O- (3b)
其中A为C2-C4链烷-1,2-二基,k为2-100的数且R为具有1-20个碳原子的一价烃基,更具体为C1-C20烷基、C2-C20链烯基或C2-C20炔基。
13.如权利要求12所定义的线性聚二甲基硅氧烷(1)作为润湿剂,尤其是在表面改性的方法中作为润湿剂的用途。
14.如权利要求12所定义的线性聚二甲基硅氧烷(1)在包含至少一种有机基料的涂料配制剂中作为添加剂的用途。
15.如权利要求12所定义的线性聚二甲基硅氧烷(1)在包含至少一种有机基料的涂料配制剂中作为流动控制助剂的用途。
16.通过如权利要求1-11中任一项所要求的方法得到的聚硅氧烷(1)作为选自消泡剂、润湿剂和流动控制助剂的添加剂的用途。
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