CN108363872B - Method for treating low-frequency noise environment by using ultrasonic absorber - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for treating low-frequency noise environment by using an ultrasonic absorber, which comprises the following steps of measuring the noise frequency of a low-frequency noise source; secondly, determining the height of the ultrasonic absorber according to the space distance between the cover body of the low-frequency noise source and the low-frequency noise source; step three, manufacturing ultrasonic absorber models with different specifications; step four, placing the first detection group and the second detection group into a B & K4206 impedance tube respectively for sound insulation test; fifthly, utilizing COMSOL software to carry out theoretical simulation of resonant cavity sound absorption until theoretical data fitted by the COMSOL software is basically consistent with experimental data obtained in the fourth step; sixthly, continuing to adopt a controlled variable method to carry out expansion simulation on the sound absorption of the resonant cavity by utilizing COMSOL software, and finally determining the film thickness and the diameter; step seven: and manufacturing a plurality of ultrasonic absorbers, and fixing the bottoms of the ultrasonic absorbers on the inner wall of the cover body of the low-frequency noise source. Specific absorption of a particular frequency is achieved with minimal space, material and minimal cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of low-frequency noise treatment, and particularly relates to a method for treating a low-frequency noise environment by using an ultrasonic absorber.
Background
Noise cancellation plays an important role in our daily lives, especially for low frequency noise (between 50 and 500 Hz). Achieving effective absorption of low frequency noise is still a very difficult task today due to its high penetration force. Conventional materials for sound absorption, such as brick, concrete walls, can provide noise attenuation for medium and high audio frequencies. However, a complete absorption of about 300Hz noise requires a thickness of approximately half a meter. With the development of new materials for sound absorption, such as porous fiber materials, perforated or microporous sheets with tuned cavities of a certain depth behind their surface, the required material thickness is reduced to a quarter wavelength enabling a considerable absorption. But as geometries become smaller, often results in imperfect impedance matching to the incident wave.
A film resonator is a structure that is expected to realize low-frequency noise absorption in the future. Various forms of film resonators have been shown to achieve perfect absorption of sub-wavelengths by hybridization resonance, but current film resonators use coins attached to the film to create hybrid eigenstates that distinguish elastic modes.
We found in experiments that perfect absorption of low frequencies can be achieved by means of an absorber of the elastic mode only, and we hoped to follow the resonant cavity mode of fixing the elastic membrane to a hollow cylindrical rigid frame. The model in the mode has simple geometric shape, is easy to produce and apply in large scale, has few parameter variables, and is easy to use a control variable method to research the relation between the model and the sound absorption frequency, thereby providing a brand new treatment method for the low-frequency noise environment treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a method for treating low-frequency noise environment by using an ultrasonic absorber, which comprises the following steps:
measuring the noise frequency f of a low-frequency noise source through a noise measuring instrument;
determining the height h of the ultrasonic absorber according to the space distance between the cover body of the low-frequency noise source and the low-frequency noise source, wherein h is more than or equal to 2cm and less than or equal to 10 cm;
step three, manufacturing ultrasonic absorber models with different specifications;
the ultrasonic absorber model comprises a resonant cavity and an elastic film, wherein the resonant cavity is made of a PLA (polylactic acid) material 3D printer, the resonant cavity is a hollow cylinder with one open end, the elastic film just covers the open end of the resonant cavity and is fixed by silica gel, so that a closed ultrasonic absorber model is formed in a surrounding manner, and the three parameters of the ultrasonic absorber model are height h, diameter D and film thickness a;
the height h and the diameter d of the ultrasonic absorber model are fixed, the film thickness a is respectively selected to be 0.2mm, 0.3mm and 0.4mm, and three first detection groups with different film thicknesses are manufactured;
the height h and the film thickness a of the ultrasonic absorber model are fixed, the diameter d is respectively selected to be 6cm and 9cm, and two second detection groups with different diameters are manufactured;
step four, respectively placing the first detection group into a B & K4206 impedance tube for sound insulation test, and obtaining a first group of experimental data to analyze the influence of the film thickness on the sound insulation effect; respectively placing the second detection group into a B & K type 4206 impedance tube for sound insulation test, and obtaining a second group of experimental data to analyze the influence of the diameter on the sound absorption effect;
fifthly, utilizing COMSOL software to carry out theoretical simulation of sound absorption of the ultrasonic sound absorber, wherein the theoretical simulation comprises the following steps: (1) establishing a 3D simulation model of the resonant cavity according to the structural parameters of the ultrasonic absorber; (2) assigning material properties to the 3D simulation model; (3) performing mesh division on the 3D simulation model; (4) comparing the experimental data in the fourth step with theoretical data fitted by COMSOL software, judging whether the theoretical data are consistent with the experimental data, if so, taking parameters corresponding to the 3D simulation model as design parameters of the resonant cavity, and jumping to the sixth step; if not, adjusting the parameters of the 3D simulation model and repeating the fifth step until the theoretical data fitted by the COMSOL software is basically consistent with the experimental data in the fourth step;
and sixthly, continuing to adopt a control variable method to perform expansion simulation of the resonant cavity sound absorption by utilizing COMSOL software: fixing the height of the model of the ultrasonic sound absorber, expanding the range of the film thickness a to 0.2-1 mm, increasing the film thickness a by 0.1mm from small to large, expanding the range of the diameter d to 4-13 cm, increasing the film thickness d by 1cm from small to large, simulating, and finally determining the influence curve of the film thickness and the diameter on the sound absorption effect, so that when the ultrasonic sound absorber is used for processing the noise frequency f measured in the first step, the corresponding film thickness and diameter which can reach the preset sound absorption effect are determined;
step seven: and (4) manufacturing a plurality of ultrasonic absorbers according to the height h determined in the second step, the diameter d determined in the sixth step and the film thickness a, and fixing the bottoms of the ultrasonic absorbers on the inner wall of the cover body of the low-frequency noise source.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to different specific frequencies of low-frequency noise, a film type ultrasonic absorber model with adjustable parameters is utilized, theoretical simulation is carried out by combining COMSOL software, the absorption frequency and the absorption coefficient of a peak value are adjusted by changing the size of the model and the thickness of an elastic film, specific absorption of the specific frequency is realized with the minimum space, material and cost, and the method is finally applied to processing the low-frequency noise of the specific frequency and has wide market prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an ultrasonic absorber model.
FIG. 2 is a graph of sound absorption coefficient A versus corresponding frequency f for three different film thicknesses at a fixed height and diameter.
FIG. 3 is a graph of sound absorption coefficient A versus corresponding frequency f for two different diameters at a fixed height and film thickness.
FIG. 4 is a graph of sound absorption coefficient A versus frequency f for a range of film thicknesses from 0.2mm to 1 mm.
FIG. 5 is a plot of frequency bandwidth as a function of film thickness over the 0.2mm to 1mm film thickness range.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the absorption peak frequency as a function of film thickness in the range of 0.2mm to 1 mm.
FIG. 7 is a graph of sound absorption coefficient A versus frequency f for a diameter range of 4-13 cm.
FIG. 8 is a plot of frequency bandwidth as a function of diameter for a diameter range of 4-13 cm.
FIG. 9 is a plot of absorption peak frequency as a function of diameter for the diameter range of 13 cm.
FIG. 10 is a graph showing that the film thickness test and simulation result is 0.4mm, and perfect absorption is achieved around 314 Hz.
FIG. 11 is a graph showing that the film thickness test and simulation results are 0.8mm, and perfect absorption is achieved around 199 Hz.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
a method for treating low-frequency noise environment by using an ultrasonic absorber comprises the following steps:
and step one, measuring the noise frequency f of a low-frequency noise source through a noise measuring instrument, wherein if the distribution motor room and the air conditioner are main sources of low-frequency noise, the noise frequency of the low-frequency noise source is about 199Hz, and the noise frequency of the low-frequency noise source is about 314 Hz.
And step two, determining the height h of the ultrasonic absorber according to the space distance between the cover body of the low-frequency noise source and the low-frequency noise source, wherein h is more than or equal to 2cm and less than or equal to 10 cm. The low frequency noise source is usually housed in a housing (usually an enclosed space such as a sound-proof room), and the ultrasonic absorber is disposed on the inner wall of the housing to reduce noise pollution. Due to the space limitation between the cover body and the low-frequency noise source, the height h of the ultrasonic absorber is preferably 6cm, and the ultrasonic absorber is generally arranged so as not to affect the normal operation of the sound insulation room.
Step three, manufacturing ultrasonic absorber models with different specifications;
as shown in fig. 1, the model of the ultrasonic absorber is composed of a resonant cavity and an elastic film. The resonant cavity is made of a PLA material 3D printer and is a hollow cylinder with one open end. The elastic film just covers the open end of the resonant cavity and is fixed by silica gel, thereby enclosing a closed ultrasonic absorber model. The three parameters of the model of the ultrasonic absorber are height h, diameter d and film thickness a.
In order to perform an experiment of the model of the ultrasonic absorber by using a controlled variable method, the model of the ultrasonic absorber with different specifications needs to be manufactured. In three structural dimension parameters of the height h, the diameter d and the film thickness a of the ultrasonic absorber model, the influence of the height h on the sound absorption effect can be almost ignored, and in practical application, the height h of the ultrasonic absorber model is limited by space, so that the sound absorption influence simulation experiment of the height h of the ultrasonic absorber model is not carried out, and only the sound absorption influence simulation experiment of the diameter d and the film thickness a on noise is carried out.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: the height h of the model of the ultrasonic sound absorber is 6cm, the diameter d is 6cm, the thickness a is 0.2mm, 0.3mm and 0.4mm respectively, and three first detection groups with different thicknesses are manufactured.
The height h of the model of the ultrasonic absorber was 6cm, the film thickness a was 0.4mm, and the diameter d was 6cm and 9cm, respectively, to prepare two second detection groups having different diameters.
And step four, respectively placing the first detection group into a B & K4206 impedance tube for sound insulation test, and obtaining a first group of experimental data so as to analyze the influence of the film thickness on the sound insulation effect. As shown by the solid line in fig. 2: as the film thickness increases, the optimal sound absorption peak frequency is obviously reduced, the sound absorption coefficient is increased, and the frequency bandwidth is reduced.
And respectively placing the second detection group into a B & K type 4206 impedance tube for sound insulation test, and obtaining a second group of experimental data to analyze the influence of the diameter on the sound absorption effect. As shown by the solid line in fig. 3: with the increase of the diameter, the optimal sound absorption peak frequency is slightly reduced, the sound absorption coefficient is slightly increased, and the frequency bandwidth is obviously increased. In the fourth step, the first and second sets of experimental data are preferably obtained using two microphones.
Fifthly, utilizing COMSOL software to carry out theoretical simulation of sound absorption of the ultrasonic sound absorber, wherein the theoretical simulation comprises the following steps: (1) establishing a 3D simulation model of the resonant cavity according to the structural parameters of the ultrasonic absorber; (2) assigning material properties to the 3D simulation model; (3) performing mesh division on the 3D simulation model; (4) comparing the experimental data in the fourth step with theoretical data fitted by COMSOL software, judging whether the theoretical data are consistent with the experimental data, if so, taking parameters corresponding to the 3D simulation model as design parameters of the resonant cavity, and jumping to the sixth step; if not, adjusting the parameters of the 3D simulation model and repeating the fifth step until the theoretical data fitted by the COMSOL software is basically consistent with the experimental data in the fourth step.
The theoretical data characteristics calculated by the COMSOL software are shown in fig. 2 by the dashed lines: as the film thickness is increased, the optimal sound absorption peak frequency is obviously reduced, and the sound absorption coefficient and the frequency band are basically unchanged. Theoretical data are substantially consistent with experimental data, so we conclude that: with the other parameters fixed, the full absorption peak frequency decreases with increasing film thickness, inversely proportional to the film thickness.
The theoretical data characteristics calculated by the COMSOL software are shown in fig. 3 by the dashed lines: as the diameter is increased, the optimal sound absorption peak frequency is reduced, the frequency bandwidth is obviously increased, and the sound absorption coefficient is basically unchanged. Theoretical data are substantially consistent with experimental data, so we conclude that: with the other parameters fixed, the full absorption peak frequency increases with increasing diameter, proportional to the diameter.
Through the steps, a preliminary conclusion can be drawn that the overall trend of theoretical sound absorption is seemingly perfect compared with experimental data, which may be caused by experimental errors caused by manual operation, interference of external environment, non-uniformity of elasticity and the like of the film, tightness of the fixed film to the frame, errors of the 3D printing model and the like, and the combination of theoretical simulation and experimental measurement shows the correctness of the conclusion.
And sixthly, continuing to adopt a control variable method to perform expansion simulation of the resonant cavity sound absorption by utilizing COMSOL software: fixing the height of the model of the ultrasonic sound absorber, expanding the range of the film thickness a to 0.2-1 mm, increasing the film thickness a by 0.1mm from small to large, expanding the range of the diameter d to 4-13 cm, increasing the film thickness d by 1cm from small to large, simulating, and finally determining the influence curve of the film thickness and the diameter on the sound absorption effect, thereby determining the corresponding film thickness and diameter which can reach the preset sound absorption effect when the ultrasonic sound absorber is used for processing the noise frequency f measured in the first step.
The sound absorption effect is expanded by the change of the film thickness: FIGS. 4-6 show simulation results and data analysis for different film thicknesses; wherein, FIG. 4 shows that as the film thickness increases, the absorption peak moves to the left and the bandwidth becomes gradually smaller; fig. 5 and 6 show a detailed analysis of the simulation results, the bandwidth (difference between two frequencies corresponding to a maximum worth of 50% of sound absorption coefficient) and the sound absorption peak frequency decreasing with increasing film thickness.
The diameter change expands the sound absorption effect: FIGS. 7-9 show simulation results and data analysis for different diameters; wherein fig. 7 shows the total sound absorption image corresponding to different diameters of the model; we can see that there are two extremes in figure 8, and that bandwidth decreases with increasing diameter when the diameter is less than 6 cm. In contrast, when the diameter is varied in the range of 6cm to 9cm, the bandwidth gradually increases as the diameter increases. When the diameter is larger than 10cm, the bandwidth is stabilized at about 150 Hz. As shown in fig. 9, the absorption peak frequency fluctuates around 300Hz, and there is an extreme point corresponding to 8cm on the abscissa in fig. 9, and the absorption peak frequency decreases with increasing diameter on the left side of the extreme point, however, when the diameter is between 8cm and 9cm, the absorption peak frequency becomes larger with increasing diameter.
We found that the absorption peak frequency of the model changes along with the change rule of the film thickness based on the exploration and conclusion of experiments and the theoretical calculation, and an e exponential function is displayed.
y＝A×exp(-x^t2/t1)+y0
(A＝323.64208,t1＝0.15885,t2＝1.96122,y0193.013434), y is the absorption peak frequency, and x is the film thickness.
The distribution substation motor room and the air conditioner are the main sources of low-frequency noise, the noise frequency of the former is about 199Hz, and the noise frequency of the latter is about 314 Hz. For the model of the ultrasound absorber (diameter 9cm, height 6cm), the thickness of the membrane should be set to 0.4mm and 0.8mm, calculated according to the above formula, to achieve perfect absorption at the relevant frequency. We then simulated two models of different film thicknesses for validation, and the results are shown in fig. 10 and 11. The absorption peaks are obvious near 199Hz and 314Hz, and the experimental results of the two models are well matched with the simulation results.
Step seven: and (4) manufacturing a plurality of ultrasonic absorbers according to the height h determined in the second step and the diameter d and the film thickness a determined in the sixth step, and then fixing and fully paving the bottoms of the ultrasonic absorbers on the inner wall of the cover body of the low-frequency noise source. The ultrasonic absorbers which are flatly paved on the inner wall of the cover body of the low-frequency noise source absorb the noise together, and the environmental pollution caused by the noise is reduced.
Claims (4)
1. A method for treating low-frequency noise environment by using an ultrasonic absorber is characterized by comprising the following steps:
measuring the noise frequency f of a low-frequency noise source through a noise measuring instrument;
determining the height h of the ultrasonic absorber according to the space distance between the cover body of the low-frequency noise source and the low-frequency noise source, wherein h is more than or equal to 2cm and less than or equal to 10 cm;
step three, manufacturing ultrasonic absorber models with different specifications;
the ultrasonic absorber model comprises a resonant cavity and an elastic film, wherein the resonant cavity is made of a PLA (polylactic acid) material 3D printer, the resonant cavity is a hollow cylinder with one open end, the elastic film just covers the open end of the resonant cavity and is fixed by silica gel, so that a closed ultrasonic absorber model is formed in a surrounding manner, and the three parameters of the ultrasonic absorber model are height h, diameter D and film thickness a;
the height h and the diameter d of the ultrasonic absorber model are fixed, the film thickness a is respectively selected to be 0.2mm, 0.3mm and 0.4mm, and three first detection groups with different film thicknesses are manufactured;
the height h and the film thickness a of the ultrasonic absorber model are fixed, the diameter d is respectively selected to be 6cm and 9cm, and two second detection groups with different diameters are manufactured;
step four, respectively placing the first detection group into a B & K4206 impedance tube for sound insulation test, and obtaining a first group of experimental data to analyze the influence of the film thickness on the sound insulation effect; respectively placing the second detection group into a B & K type 4206 impedance tube for sound insulation test, and obtaining a second group of experimental data to analyze the influence of the diameter on the sound absorption effect;
fifthly, utilizing COMSOL software to carry out theoretical simulation of sound absorption of the ultrasonic sound absorber, wherein the theoretical simulation comprises the following steps: (1) establishing a 3D simulation model of the resonant cavity according to the structural parameters of the ultrasonic absorber; (2) assigning material properties to the 3D simulation model; (3) performing mesh division on the 3D simulation model; (4) comparing the experimental data in the fourth step with theoretical data fitted by COMSOL software, judging whether the theoretical data are consistent with the experimental data, if so, taking parameters corresponding to the 3D simulation model as design parameters of the resonant cavity, and jumping to the sixth step; if not, adjusting the parameters of the 3D simulation model and repeating the fifth step until the theoretical data fitted by the COMSOL software is basically consistent with the experimental data in the fourth step;
and sixthly, continuing to adopt a control variable method to perform expansion simulation of the resonant cavity sound absorption by utilizing COMSOL software: fixing the height of the model of the ultrasonic sound absorber, expanding the range of the film thickness a to 0.2-1 mm, increasing the film thickness a by 0.1mm from small to large, expanding the range of the diameter d to 4-13 cm, increasing the film thickness d by 1cm from small to large, simulating, and finally determining the influence curve of the film thickness and the diameter on the sound absorption effect, so that when the ultrasonic sound absorber is used for processing the noise frequency f measured in the first step, the corresponding film thickness and diameter which can reach the preset sound absorption effect are determined;
step seven: and (4) manufacturing a plurality of ultrasonic absorbers according to the height h determined in the second step and the diameter d and the film thickness a determined in the sixth step, and then fixing and fully paving the bottoms of the ultrasonic absorbers on the inner wall of the cover body of the low-frequency noise source.
2. The method for low frequency noise environmental remediation using an ultrasonic absorber of claim 1, wherein: and in the third step, the height h of the ultrasonic absorber model of the first detection group is 6cm, and the diameter d is 6 cm.
3. The method for low frequency noise environmental remediation using an ultrasonic absorber of claim 2, wherein: and in the third step, the height of the ultrasonic absorber model of the second detection group is 6cm, and the film thickness a is 0.4 mm.
4. The method for low frequency noise environmental remediation using an ultrasonic absorber of claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, the first and second sets of experimental data are obtained by using two microphones.
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