CN103996395A - Elastic membrane-type low-frequency sound insulation metamaterial structure - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an elastic membrane-type low-frequency sound insulation metamaterial structure which comprises two frames and a silicone rubber elastic membrane arranged between the two frames. A plurality of mass blocks are pasted on one side of the silicone rubber elastic membrane, and the mass blocks are separated with one another through the frames. The elastic membrane-type low-frequency sound insulation metamaterial structure solves the problems that a traditional sound insulation material is poor in low-frequency sound insulation performance, large in thickness, heavy in mass and the like and meets the five requirements of low-frequency sound insulation, wherein the five requirements include the low-frequency sound insulation requirement for noise below 500 Hz, the broadband requirement, the requirement for low structural thickness and low weight, and the requirement of easy design processing and low processing difficulty. The elastic membrane-type low-frequency sound insulation metamaterial structure has excellent low-frequency sound insulation performance, can effectively isolate low-frequency noise ranging from 200 Hz to 500 Hz, and can be applied to various carrying tools such as planes, automobiles, trains and ships and various types of building decoration. A brand new sound insulation solution is provided for creating low-noise working and living environments.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to elastic thin layer low frequency light sound-insulation material technology field, be specifically related to a kind of Thin Elastic membranous type low frequency sound insulation metamaterial structure.
[background technology]
Existing sound insulating material is all generally the material that hardness is larger, as steel plate etc.These sound insulating materials are better in high band sound insulation, but in the low-frequency range lower than 500Hz, the non-constant of sound insulation property, even can, because of the resonance of self, cause noise to produce and amplify sometimes.The design that this has seriously restricted apparatus of transport sound proof member and hall sound insulating material, has proposed challenge to low frequency opacity technique.Generally, isolate the sound wave of low-frequency range, just need the gauge of sound proof member and wave length of sound to match, if the sound wave below isolation 100Hz, just need thickness to surpass the sound proof member of 1m, this is obviously unpractical, therefore needs the low-frequency sound insulating material of development of new.
In the equipment such as naval vessel, aircraft, train and automobile, there is comparatively significant low-frequency vibration noise, seriously restricted performance performance and the riding comfort quality of these equipment.These low-frequency vibration noises are mainly to cause in the resonance of low-frequency range due to thin-walled plate and inside gadget, therefore suppress the low-frequency resonance of thin-walled plate and increase the low frequency vibration isolation sound insulation property of inside gadget, and be the key that reduces these system medium and low frequency vibration noises.Acoustic metamaterial can be realized the control to Low-Frequency Mechanical ripple by the structure of grade thickness, has very strong application prospect in low frequency vibration damping noise reduction.And study the low frequency vibration damping noise reduction technology based on acoustic metamaterial comprehensively, and solve key problem in science wherein, widening project range of application, this has extremely crucial effect in engineering practice.
Acoustic metamaterial is corresponding with the super material of electromagnetic wave, refers to the artificial sub-wavelength structure with negative equivalent mass density and negative concrete moduli.It can realize the negative refraction of sound wave, sound focusing, super lens, many new kink characteristics such as stealthy.2000, the people such as Liu Zhengyou, by research local resonance phonon crystal, realized acoustic metamaterial first.This local resonance theory has been realized than the artificial band gap of low two orders of magnitude of phonon crystal Bragg diffraction mechanism frequency, and the corresponding acoustics equivalent parameters of this band gap---equivalent mass density is for negative.Acoustic metamaterial development more than ten years, attracted a large amount of physics, the scholar of the subjects such as materialogy, from realizing single negative equivalent mass density or negative concrete moduli, to possess negative equivalent mass density and negative concrete moduli material simultaneously, become artificial structure's research field and can not go a few part.
Liu Zhengyou etc. have reduced by two orders of magnitude common phonon crystal band gap frequency, broken through the restriction of Bragg diffraction, have realized the object that small size is controlled large wavelength, and this has opened up new road and method for the research of phonon crystal low frequency.They are by introducing local resonance unit at low frequency place, realizing equivalent negative mass density.They,, by the lead with silicon rubber parcel, are embedded into by cubic lattice structure in the matrix of epoxy resin, and now lead serves as mass, and silicon rubber plays the effect of spring, and epoxy resin is as matrix.At low frequency place, just there will be the situation of lead and matrix motion off resonance, produced negative equivalent mass density, simultaneously because lead motion can absorb energy that sound wave transmits in generation forbidden band, low frequency place.
2012, the local resonance phonon crystal structure of the folded beam structure that we are designed, with lighter weight, organic glass thin plate that price is lower, make, thickness is in mm magnitude, low bandgap scope has arrived 18-200Hz, Infrasonic Frequencies is had to certain control effect, for phonon crystal solves current ubiquitous sheet metal component low-frequency range Noise and Vibration Control, provide comparatively total solution.
Above-mentioned sheet-type phonon crystal mainly aspect the ripple propagation of controlling thin plate plane effect better, the ripple of corresponding vertical incidence effect is poor, this is disadvantageous for carry out low frequency sound insulation vibration isolation with phonon crystal.Afterwards, we have designed again spiral beam phonon crystal structure, structure consists of organic glass thin plate matrix and metal column scatterer, and the low bandgap of this local resonance phonon crystal structure has reached 42-250Hz, at the vertical low frequency vibration damping noise reduction of relatively paying close attention at present, provides new the Silk Road.Certainly, due to the metal column scatterer quality of this structure, even if carry out scaled down, its range of application also has certain restriction, such as this structure is difficult to be used in to the stricter Aero-Space of weight limits and automotive field.But the vibration and noise reducing for the Underwater Batteries such as buildings, boats and ships, train and the vibration damping building site concrete mixer shell talked about above provides a kind of scheme.
In order to obtain lower band gap, and easily obtain equivalent negative quality experimentally, 2008, Yang Zhiyu etc. produced the super material of film-type equivalent negative mass density.They are fixed mass piece on round and elastic film, and film is fixed on framework.The super material of this film, in the frequency range of 200-300Hz, can form equivalent negative mass density.
When sound wave is during perpendicular to thin film planar incident, as long as incident frequency and the resonant frequency of mass on film match, just can make sound wave be reflected completely, and can not see through.Therefore can just can adjust the frequency that equivalent negative mass density occurs by adjusting the elastic modulus of mass and film, realize the decay to certain narrower frequency range sound wave.Yet, because the resonant frequency of mass is single-frequency, wanting to realize the noise reduction of wideband, the membraneous material that can design multilayer according to condition is realized jointly.
The super material of the film-type sound wave of can effectively decaying in the frequency range of 200-300Hz.And according to existing mass law, the size and the quality that reduce the sound wave institute claimed structure of this frequency range will, much larger than the super material of film-type, realize the decay of sound wave at sub-wavelength yardstick.2008, Yang Zhiyu etc. proposed a kind of membranous type acoustic metamaterial with dynamic negative mass, can realize the wideband low bandgap of 100-1000Hz, to vibration and noise reducing, provided a kind of theoretical scheme being more extensively suitable for.In order to obtain detailed effect of vibration and noise reduction, Mei Jun equals the structural design scheme of having delivered by verification experimental verification in 2012, has confirmed really to exist wideband low bandgap in 100-1000Hz, and structure has extraordinary vibration isolation defening effect.
Aspect acoustic metamaterial, what be expected to be at present applied to vibration and noise reducing is mainly the super material of film-type that Shen Ping problem team of Hong Kong University of Science and Thchnology proposes, and studies the current forbidden band of the super material of more type carpet frequency far above audio range.Mei Jun etc. have entered row verification experimental verification, and their structure consists of the thick rubber film of layer of metal support, one deck 0.2mm and the thick semi-circular sheet metal of 1mm of some period profile.From acoustical absorption coefficient, in 1100Hz, minimum acoustical absorption coefficient is all greater than 0.3, and in wide-band very, acoustical absorption coefficient all approaches 1, and low frequency noise reduction highly significant is the scheme that is expected to solve at present apparatus of transport sheet metal component low frequency vibration damping noise reduction problem most.Because local resonance type phonon crystal also belongs to a kind of of extraordinary material, therefore, totally it seems, realize the Passive Control of low-frequency vibration noise, the extraordinary material of acoustics is a kind of extraordinary selection.
The super material of local resonance type or film-type is all to utilize dipole resonance principle, the resonant frequency of super material and frequency of sound wave is matched and realize negative equivalent mass density, reaches and falls low noise object.These two kinds of acoustic metamaterials are for requirements so strict unlike Bragg diffraction phonon crystal structural requirement such as unit arrangement modes in one-piece construction, but the design of emphasizing structural unit more.These two kinds of acoustic metamaterials can both be realized sound wave in the object of sub-wavelength yardstick decay, have broken through the restriction of mass law, for low frequency noise reduction, have very important meaning.
In sum, the low frequency sound insulation problem for 500Hz with interior frequency range, existing sound insulating material, or the requirement that does not reach low frequency; But it is very thick very heavy to reach low frequency requirement structure, cost is difficult to control, and space condition does not allow yet; Only to single-frequency or narrower frequency band effectively (as Helmholtz resonator etc.); Therefore the sound insulating material structure that, provides a kind of and have broadband, meets low frequency requirement is necessary.
[summary of the invention]
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of Thin Elastic membranous type low frequency sound insulation metamaterial structure is provided.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of Thin Elastic membranous type low frequency sound insulation metamaterial structure, comprise the framework that two structures are identical and be arranged in two silicon rubber elastic films between framework, this framework is matts shape, one side of silicon rubber elastic film is pasted with some masses, and the grid of some masses by a body side frame is spaced from each other.
The present invention further improves and is: framework adopts organic glass, resin or EVA to make.
The present invention further improves and is: the thickness of framework is 1-2mm, the wide 2mm that is no more than of rib.
The present invention further improves and is: the thickness of silicon rubber elastic film is 0.1-1mm.
The present invention further improves and is: mass adopts iron plate mass.
The present invention further improves and is: being shaped as of mass is cylindrical, annular or square in one or more.
The present invention further improves and is: the thickness of mass is no more than 2mm.
The present invention further improves and is: the area of mass is no more than 1/2 of film size that corresponding grid encloses.
The present invention further improves and is: plastic frame adopts 3D to print and processes, and EVA framework is divided into by cutter.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following technique effect:
1, in the low-frequency range of the theoretical model of test specimen of the present invention below 200Hz, having width is the vertical forbidden band of 75Hz, meets the requirement of low frequency sound insulation;
2, in 200～500Hz, oise insulation factor is generally high than now widely used sound insulating material EVA, meets the requirement of wideband sound insulation;
3, test specimen gross thickness of the present invention is less than 5mm, and the thickness of film is less than 1mm, meets laminate structure requirement;
4, material therefor is light material plastics, silica gel etc. substantially, only has a small amount of iron plate as mass, but the surface density that converts also the EVA thick unlike 2.5mm is large, meet lightweight requirement;
5, simplicity of design, is easy to processing and manufactures.
A kind of These characteristics of Thin Elastic membranous type low frequency sound insulation metamaterial structure according to the present invention, it can be used as the inside gadget material of the apparatuss of transport such as aircraft, automobile, train, can also be as the sound insulating material of interior of building, as KTV, large-scale theatre etc.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 a is film thickness 0.5mm, plastic skeleton and cylindrical iron plate mass unit; Fig. 1 b is film thickness 1mm, plastic skeleton and annulus iron plate mass unit; Fig. 1 c is the first Brillouin zone; Fig. 1 d is the material structure after cylindrical iron plate mass cell array;
Fig. 2 a is that film thickness is band structure and the forbidden band schematic diagram of 0.5mm, the radius circular mass test specimen that is 6mm; Fig. 2 b is that film thickness is that 1mm, inside radius are band structure and the forbidden band schematic diagram of 3mm and the external radius annular mass test specimen that is 9mm;
Fig. 3 is the contrast of different quality piece test specimen oise insulation factor;
Fig. 4 is the test specimen oise insulation factor contrast of the different thickness of equal in quality piece and framework, and wherein, Fig. 4 a is the oise insulation factor of several groups of annular mass test specimens, and Fig. 4 b is the oise insulation factor of several groups of cylindrical mass test specimens.
[embodiment]
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
(1) thin layer lightweight solution
In order to provide the analysis data of science, manufactured and designed part test specimen and studied.Test specimen is mainly 1-2mm by silicon rubber film and the thickness of 0.1-1mm, wide plastics or EVA (the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer that is no more than 2mm of rib, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) system framework, the density of silicon rubber is about 1300kg/m
3, the density of plastics is about 1180kg/m
3, density and the silicon rubber of EVA are suitable, and density is lower generally, belongs to light material.In addition, from thickness, the thickness of film is in sub-mm level, and the thickness parameter of plastics is also no more than 2mm, belongs to laminate structure.
In addition,, in order to reach low frequency defening effect, in test specimen, arranged suitable mass, the iron plate slightly large by density forms, and shape can be circular, annular, square etc., and thickness is lower than 2mm, area occupied is no more than 1/2 of film size that frame slot encloses, has met generally the requirement of lightweight.
We have designed following several groups of test specimens: film thickness 1mm, plastic skeleton and round iron plate mass test specimen; Film thickness 0.5mm, EVA skeleton and round iron plate mass test specimen; Film thickness 1mm, plastic skeleton and annulus iron plate mass test specimen; Film thickness 0.5mm, EVA skeleton and annulus iron plate mass test specimen.The unified 24mm grating constant that adopts of designed test specimen, wherein, middle film dimensions is each 20mm of length and width, framework rib length and each 2mm of thickness.Mass adopts iron plate, cylinder iron plate radius 6mm, thickness 1mm; Annulus iron plate internal diameter 3mm, external diameter 9mm, thickness 1mm.Plastic frame adopts 3D to print and processes, and EVA framework is divided into by cutter; Cylinder iron plate is by line cutting processing, and annulus iron plate is a kind of conventional pads.
The acoustical absorption coefficient that adopts standing-wave-tube method test vertical incidence direction, adopts the standard bassoon of B & K, and test specimen diameter is 100mm, and lower limit effective cut off frequency is 200Hz.As a comparison, the thickness of EVA test specimen is 2.5mm to adopt in the apparatuss of transport such as current automobile widely used sound insulating material EVA.After test specimen clamping, edge adopts plasticine sealing, guarantees not leak sound.Test frequency scope is 200-1600Hz.
(2) low frequency sound insulation solution
Fig. 1 is test specimen structure cell and the first Brillouin zone, and wherein, Fig. 1 a is film thickness 0.5mm, plastic skeleton and round iron plate mass unit; Fig. 1 b is film thickness 1mm, plastic skeleton and annulus iron plate mass unit; Fig. 1 c is the first Brillouin zone; Fig. 1 d is the material structure after cylindrical structural array.
Except carrying out oise insulation factor test, in order to analyze its sound insulating mechanism, set up that two groups of crystal models corresponding to test specimen carry out being with and Mode Shape solves.One group is cylindrical mass, 0.5mm thick film, plastic frame; Another group is annular mass, 1mm thick film, plastic skeleton.Due to the material parameter more complicated of EVA, unification has selected the test specimen of plastic skeleton to carry out theoretical analysis.Structure cell and the first Brillouin zone are as shown in Figure 1.When wave vector k is during along Γ → X → M → Γ different directions value, can obtain the proper vibration attribute of structure in this direction, obtain energy band diagram.General for the stronger structure of this symmetry, the mode that M point and Γ are ordered is the vibration attribute of description architecture tentatively, and the analysis of sound absorption and insulation mechanism is played an important role.
In order to analyse in depth the sound insulating mechanism of this film-type acoustic metamaterial, two structures shown in Fig. 1 to have been carried out being with calculating, the band structure obtaining is as shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 2 a is that film thickness is band structure and the forbidden band schematic diagram of 0.5mm, the radius circular mass test specimen that is 6mm; Fig. 2 b is that film thickness is that 1mm, inside radius are band structure and the forbidden band schematic diagram of 3mm and the external radius annular mass test specimen that is 9mm.
As can be seen from the figure, there is not forbidden band in the Validity Test frequency range (more than 200Hz) of oise insulation factor in two structures, and only in 200Hz, has Z pattern (vertical) forbidden band of certain width.The forbidden band of cylindrical structural is very narrow, only has nearly 7Hz (15.7-22.3Hz); The forbidden band of cirque structure is relatively wide, has 75Hz left and right (106-181Hz).Like this, the Special Force scholarship and moral conduct that has just embodied the super material of film-type for, not in forbidden band frequency range, still can reach very high oise insulation factor.In order to explain this special sound insulating mechanism, need to analyze some mode of these two structures.
By mode, can identify in Fig. 2 the energy gap of Z direction in band structure.Yet we find, the band gap below 200Hz providing in Fig. 2, the Z direction mode of all the other Frequency points is all the resonance mode of film.From energy band diagram and Mode Shape, absolutely proved that this invention has reached the requirement of low frequency sound insulation.
(3) wideband solution
The oise insulation factor of the test specimen that is 0.5mm to aforementioned two cluster film thickness and the result that EVA compares are as shown in Figure 3.As can be seen from the figure,, in 200-368Hz, the EVA that the cylindrical mass test specimen oise insulation factor that radius is 6mm is 2.5mm than thickness exceeds 5-10dB, on average approaches 8dB.In 200-400, external diameter is 9mm, and the annular mass test specimen that internal diameter is 3mm is higher than EVA test specimen, particularly, in 200-300Hz, on average exceeds about 5dB.On the whole, in 200-500Hz, the approximate linear growth that is of the oise insulation factor of EVA test specimen.Because the oise insulation factor of EVA own is just much better than general sound insulating material, so just become the main flow sound insulating material of automotive upholstery.And the film-type acoustic metamaterial test specimen of design is at centre plane density and thickness all lower than EVA test specimen in the situation that herein, low-frequency range oise insulation factor significantly improves compared with EVA test specimen, shows that designed film-type acoustic metamaterial has outstanding low frequency sound insulation property herein.
Although the material of the mass larger iron that is density, the area that mass accounts for is little compared with the total area, and thickness is little compared with EVA test specimen, and the density of EVA and silicon rubber approach, than plastics (1180kg/m
3) height.So convert, the centre plane density of the film-type acoustic metamaterial structure of design is also slightly less than the surface density of the EVA test specimen that 2.5mm is thick herein.Thickness aspect, the plastic skeleton adopting herein, for easy to process, has adopted the thickness of 2mm, but in fact, adopts the thick skeleton of 1mm also can not cause obvious impact to result.And skeleton area is very little, the average thickness of the whole test specimen that on average gets off is much smaller than the thickness of EVA test specimen.And 5mm is with interior sound insulating layer thickness, is all complete acceptable on automobile or aircraft, can not cause obstruction to practical engineering application.
For Study of Thin film thickness and the framework material impact on oise insulation factor, the oise insulation factor of having tested several group test specimens of two types of masses under different film thicknesses and different skeleton, result is as shown in Figure 4.From the oise insulation factor of several groups of annular mass test specimens of Fig. 4 a, can find out, for two groups of test specimens that are all plastic skeleton, in 200-275Hz frequency range, the oise insulation factor of the test specimen that the oise insulation factor of one group of test specimen that thickness is 0.5 is 1mm than thickness reaches, and on average exceeds about 2dB; And in the frequency range higher than 275Hz, the test specimen oise insulation factor that thickness is 1mm is all high than the test specimen of 0.5mm, particularly, after 400Hz, maximum exceeds over 10dB.For film thickness, be all two groups of test specimens of 1mm, at 200-350Hz, one group of test specimen oise insulation factor of EVA skeleton is higher than the test specimen of plastic skeleton, and more than on average exceeding 5dB than pure EVA test specimen, is up to about 12dB; And in the frequency range of 350-500Hz, one group of test specimen oise insulation factor of plastic skeleton is higher than the test specimen of EVA skeleton, and this gap of the frequency range more than 500Hz can increase.The density ratio plastics of this and EVA are high, and even relevant than the density height of silica gel, framework density is higher, and the defening effect of test specimen low-frequency range is just better.
From the oise insulation factor of several groups of cylindrical mass test specimens of Fig. 4 b, can find out, for two groups of test specimens that are all plastic skeleton, almost, in whole frequency range, the oise insulation factor of the test specimen that the oise insulation factor of the test specimen that thickness is 0.5mm is all 1mm than thickness is high, exceeds nearly 15dB most; Thickness is that the test specimen of 1mm is only high than pure EVA test specimen oise insulation factor in 200-300Hz frequency range, on average exceeds about 5dB.For film thickness, be all two groups of test specimens of 1mm, almost at full frequency band, one group of test specimen oise insulation factor of EVA skeleton is all high than the test specimen of plastic skeleton, and maximum exceeds over 10dB, and the frequency range more than 260Hz on average exceeds about 8dB.And on the whole, after higher than certain frequency, the oise insulation factor of film-type acoustic metamaterial test specimen all can be lower than pure EVA test specimen.That is to say, the sound insulation property of film-type acoustic metamaterial test specimen is only relatively good in certain frequency range, and is low-frequency range.
In addition, from the test specimen oise insulation factor of the different thickness of Fig. 4 equal in quality piece and framework, can illustrate, on the one hand, select EVA skeleton better than selecting plastic skeleton low frequency defening effect, and EVA skeleton easily processes, cost is also low; On the other hand, when film arrives after certain thickness, if do not increase the weight of mass, only can make oise insulation factor reduce.Therefore, select suitable film thickness and mass weight, shape, be all expected to improve the oise insulation factor of film-type acoustic metamaterial.Because oise insulation factor is generally higher in tested low frequency frequency range (200～500Hz), reached wide band requirement.
According to above-mentioned data, can find out the technique effect that the present invention reaches:
1, in the low-frequency range of the theoretical model of test specimen of the present invention below 200Hz, having width is the vertical forbidden band of 75Hz, meets the requirement of low frequency sound insulation;
2, in 200～500Hz, oise insulation factor is generally high than now widely used sound insulating material EVA, meets the requirement of wideband sound insulation;
3, test specimen gross thickness of the present invention is less than 5mm, and the thickness of film is less than 1mm, meets laminate structure requirement;
4, material therefor is light material plastics, silica gel etc. substantially, only has a small amount of iron plate as mass, but the surface density that converts also the EVA thick unlike 2.5mm is large, meet lightweight requirement;
5, simplicity of design, is easy to processing and manufactures.
A kind of These characteristics of Thin Elastic membranous type low frequency sound insulation metamaterial structure according to the present invention, it can be used as the inside gadget material of the apparatuss of transport such as aircraft, automobile, train, can also be as the sound insulating material of interior of building, as KTV, large-scale theatre etc.
Claims (9)
1. Thin Elastic membranous type low frequency sound insulation metamaterial structure, it is characterized in that: comprise the framework that two structures are identical and be arranged in two silicon rubber elastic films between framework, this framework is matts shape, one side of silicon rubber elastic film is pasted with some masses, and the grid of some masses by a body side frame is spaced from each other.
2. Thin Elastic membranous type low frequency sound insulation metamaterial structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: framework adopts organic glass, resin or EVA to make.
3. Thin Elastic membranous type low frequency sound insulation metamaterial structure according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the thickness of framework is 1-2mm the wide 2mm that is no more than of rib.
4. Thin Elastic membranous type low frequency sound insulation metamaterial structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the thickness of silicon rubber elastic film is 0.1-1mm.
5. Thin Elastic membranous type low frequency sound insulation metamaterial structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: mass adopts iron plate mass.
6. Thin Elastic membranous type low frequency sound insulation metamaterial structure according to claim 1 or 5, is characterized in that: being shaped as of mass is cylindrical, annular or square in one or more.
7. Thin Elastic membranous type low frequency sound insulation metamaterial structure according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the thickness of mass is no more than 2mm.
8. Thin Elastic membranous type low frequency sound insulation metamaterial structure according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the area of mass is no more than 1/2 of film size that corresponding grid encloses.
9. Thin Elastic membranous type low frequency sound insulation metamaterial structure according to claim 2, is characterized in that: plastic frame adopts 3D to print and processes, and EVA framework is divided into by cutter.
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