CN108362776B - Multi-offset ultrasonic image detection method - Google Patents
Multi-offset ultrasonic image detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108362776B CN108362776B CN201810076130.1A CN201810076130A CN108362776B CN 108362776 B CN108362776 B CN 108362776B CN 201810076130 A CN201810076130 A CN 201810076130A CN 108362776 B CN108362776 B CN 108362776B
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002592 echocardiography Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
- G01N29/069—Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-offset ultrasonic image detection method, which comprises the following steps: constructing an ultrasonic transceiving sensor array consisting of n ultrasonic sensors distributed at equal intervals; arranging an ultrasonic transceiving sensor column at the position of a head point of a detection measuring line on a detection object; at the position of a head point, ultrasonic signals are transmitted and received among ultrasonic sensors with different intervals in the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving sensor column, so that ultrasonic transmitting and receiving signals with different offset distances are obtained at the position of the head point; repeating the steps, moving the ultrasonic transceiving sensor array and obtaining ultrasonic transceiving signals with different offset distances at each measuring point position in sequence; (5) arranging the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving signals with the same offset distance on different measuring points into a common offset distance signal section according to actual detection positions. The invention has the advantages that: compared with the conventional double-probe single-side ultrasonic method, the method has the characteristics of complete effective information, intuitive defect response, high resolution, high detection speed and efficiency and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing, and particularly relates to a multi-offset ultrasonic image testing method.
Background
Most of the traditional ultrasonic single-side detection arranged on the surface of an inspection object is a single-channel signal which is transmitted and received one by one, and the defect and the thickness of a concrete related member are detected only by utilizing the propagation time of a reflected wave, so that the acquired information quantity is small, the detection result is easily interfered by various kinds, and the high-quality detection result is difficult to obtain.
In another type of borehole ultrasonic testing method, multiple boreholes are usually required to be implemented inside the test object for respectively placing the ultrasonic transmitting probe and the ultrasonic receiving probe, which is not nondestructive at first, and the boreholes damage the structure of the test object and greatly increase the cost of the test implementation. The drilling ultrasonic wave usually needs to arrange at least one sending and one receiving drill hole to complete detection work, then the coverage range of detection of the method is only a small range between drill hole connecting lines, if detection in a larger range is to be realized, more drill holes for transmitting ultrasonic waves or receiving ultrasonic waves need to be arranged, detection in a larger coverage range inside a detection object is realized, currently, most of the commonly used cross-hole ultrasonic detection is to acquire the propagation time of the ultrasonic waves between two probes through one sending and one receiving, and detect the defects among cross-holes according to time abnormity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-offset ultrasonic image detection method according to the defects of the prior art, which arranges ultrasonic transceiving sensor columns along detection measuring lines, obtains ultrasonic transceiving signals with different offset distances at each measuring point in sequence, and arranges the ultrasonic transceiving signals with the same offset distance at different measuring points into a common-offset-distance signal section according to actual detection positions so as to detect structural defects.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a multi-offset ultrasonic image detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) constructing an ultrasonic transceiving sensor array consisting of n ultrasonic sensors distributed at equal intervals; (2) arranging a detection measuring line on the surface of a detection object, and arranging the ultrasonic transceiving sensor array at the position of a head point of the detection measuring line; (3) at the position of the head point, ultrasonic signals are transmitted and received among the ultrasonic sensors with different intervals in the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving sensor column, so that ultrasonic transmitting and receiving signals with different offset distances are obtained at the position of the head point; (4) repeating the method in the step (3), moving the ultrasonic transceiving sensor array and obtaining ultrasonic transceiving signals with different offset distances at each measuring point position in sequence; (5) and arranging the ultrasonic transceiving signals with the same offset distance on different measuring points into a common offset distance signal profile according to actual detection positions.
The ultrasonic transceiver sensor array comprises a mounting base, and the ultrasonic sensors are vertically fixed on the mounting base at equal intervals and distributed in a linear manner.
The ultrasonic sensor is an ultrasonic transceiving sensor.
The ultrasonic sensors in the ultrasonic transceiving sensor array keep consistent at the starting time of transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals.
The detection survey line is a straight line, and the arrangement direction of the ultrasonic sensors in the ultrasonic transceiver sensor array is superposed with the detection survey line.
At the measuring point position, the ultrasonic signal is transmitted and received between the ultrasonic sensors with different intervals in the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving sensor array, and the method comprises the following steps: firstly, the 2 nd ultrasonic sensor in the ultrasonic transceiving sensor column transmits ultrasonic signals and the 1 st ultrasonic sensor receives ultrasonic transceiving signals with the offset distance of L; then the 3 rd ultrasonic sensor transmits ultrasonic signals and the 1 st ultrasonic sensor receives ultrasonic transceiving signals with the offset distance of 2L; sequentially receiving and transmitting according to the rule until the nth ultrasonic sensor transmits ultrasonic signals and the 1 st ultrasonic sensor receives ultrasonic receiving and transmitting signals with the offset distance of (n-1) L; to obtain a total of (n-1) said ultrasonic transceiver signals at said measuring points at different offsets.
M measuring points are distributed on the detection measuring line at intervals, and m (n-1) ultrasonic transmitting and receiving signals can be obtained on the detection measuring line by the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving sensor column; extracting (n-1) said common offset signal profiles from m (n-1) said ultrasound transceive signals, the number of said ultrasound transceive signals in each of said common offset signal profiles being m channels; wherein the common offset signal cross-section has the same offset for all the ultrasonic transmission/reception signals, and the offset of each common offset signal cross-section is L, 2L, 3L, …, (n-1) L.
The ordinate of the common offset signal profile is time, and the abscissa is the number of channels or the position coordinate of the ultrasonic sensor.
The invention has the advantages that: compared with the conventional double-probe single-side ultrasonic method, the method has the characteristics of complete effective information, intuitive defect response, high resolution, high detection speed and efficiency and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the operation principle of the ultrasonic transceiver sensor array arranged on a detection object according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic transceiver sensor array according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of a single common-offset signal according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a single common offset signal of the present invention for detecting defects contained in an object.
Detailed Description
The features of the present invention and other related features are described in further detail below by way of example in conjunction with the following drawings to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art:
referring to fig. 1-4, the labels 1-7 in the figures are: the ultrasonic wave transceiver sensor array comprises an ultrasonic wave transceiver sensor array 1, a mounting base 2, an ultrasonic wave sensor 3, a detection object 4, a detection measuring line 5, an acquisition control module 6 and a data processing module 7.
Example (b): as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, and 4, the present embodiment specifically relates to a multi-offset ultrasonic image detection method, which specifically includes the following steps:
(1) constructing an ultrasonic transceiver sensor array 1, wherein the ultrasonic transceiver sensor array 1 comprises a cuboid mounting base 2, a plurality of ultrasonic sensors 3 are fixed on the lower surface of the mounting base 2 at equal intervals, the ultrasonic sensors 3 are linearly arranged, the number of the ultrasonic sensors 3 and the interval between the ultrasonic sensors 3 are determined according to actual detection requirements, in the embodiment, the number of the ultrasonic sensors 3 is n, and the interval between adjacent ultrasonic sensors 3 is L;
meanwhile, each ultrasonic sensor 3 in the ultrasonic transceiving sensor array 1 is simultaneously connected with an acquisition control module 6, and the acquisition control module 6 can control the ultrasonic transceiving sensor array 1 and can acquire ultrasonic transceiving signals; the acquisition control module 6 is also connected with a data processing module 7 for processing the data acquired by the acquisition control module 6;
the ultrasonic sensor 3 used in the present embodiment is an ultrasonic transmitting/receiving sensor, and has a function of transmitting/receiving an ultrasonic signal;
(2) as shown in fig. 1 and 2, according to the range to be detected, a linear detection measuring line 5 is arranged on the surface of the detection object 4, and a plurality of measuring points are marked on the detection measuring line 5 at equal intervals;
(3) as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the ultrasonic transceiver sensor array 1 is arranged along the detection measuring line 5, and in the arrangement process, the directions of the ultrasonic sensors 3 fixedly arranged in a linear manner on the ultrasonic transceiver sensor array 1 are consistent with the detection measuring line 5, and the ultrasonic sensors 3 are well coupled with the detection object 4;
(4) as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the initial position of the ultrasonic transceiver sensor array 1 is located at the first measurement point on the detection measurement line 5, so that the ultrasonic sensors 3 with different pitches in the ultrasonic transceiver sensor array 1 transmit and receive ultrasonic signals, so as to obtain ultrasonic transceiver signals with different offset distances at the position of the first measurement point, specifically:
firstly, the 2 nd ultrasonic sensor 3 in the ultrasonic transceiving sensor array 1 transmits an ultrasonic signal into a detection object 4, and the 1 st ultrasonic sensor 3 receives the ultrasonic transceiving signal with the offset distance of L after being reflected by an internal reflection point of the detection object 4;
then, the 3 rd ultrasonic sensor 3 in the ultrasonic transceiving sensor array 1 transmits an ultrasonic signal into the detection object 4, and the 1 st ultrasonic sensor 3 receives an ultrasonic transceiving signal with the offset distance of 2L after being reflected by an internal reflection point of the detection object 4;
sequentially transmitting and receiving according to the rule until the nth ultrasonic sensor 3 in the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving sensor array 1 transmits an ultrasonic signal into the detection object 4, and the 1 st ultrasonic sensor 3 receives the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving signal with the offset distance of (n-1) L after being reflected by the internal reflection point of the detection object 4;
therefore, on the first measuring point, the acquisition control module 6 acquires (n-1) ultrasonic transceiving signals with different offset distances in total, wherein the offset distances are L, 2L, 3L, … and (n-1) L respectively;
in the same ultrasonic transceiver sensor array 1, the ultrasonic sensors 3 are kept consistent at the starting time of transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals;
(5) as shown in fig. 1 and 2, repeating the method in step (4), moving the ultrasonic transceiver transducer array 1 and obtaining ultrasonic transceiver signals with different offset distances at each measuring point position in sequence; in this embodiment, the detection measuring line 5 has m measuring points, so the acquisition control module 6 can obtain m (n-1) ultrasonic transceiver signals from the detection measuring line 5;
(6) as shown in fig. 1-4, m (n-1) collected ultrasonic transceiver signals are processed by the data processing module 7, and (n-1) common offset signal profiles are extracted and screened from the m (n-1) ultrasonic transceiver signals, where the number of the ultrasonic transceiver signals in each common offset signal profile is m channels, and are arranged according to actual detection positions of the ultrasonic transceiver signals to form a common offset signal profile; wherein, the offset distances of all the ultrasound transmission and reception signals in each common offset signal profile are the same, for example, the offset distance of all the ultrasound transmission and reception signals in the first common offset signal profile is L, the offset distance of all the ultrasound transmission and reception signals in the second common offset signal profile is 2L, the offset distance of all the ultrasound transmission and reception signals in the third common offset signal profile is 3L, and the offset distance of all the ultrasound transmission and reception signals in the (n-1) th common offset signal profile is (n-1) L;
the distances of the ultrasonic transceiving signals corresponding to the ultrasonic sensors 3 on each common offset distance signal section are the same, the arrangement sequence of the signal channels on the common offset distance signal section is sequenced according to the sequence and the accurate positions of the measuring points, wherein the abscissa of the common offset distance signal section is the number of channels or the position coordinate of the ultrasonic sensors 3, and the ordinate is time.
When the detection result is interpreted, all the offset distances are sequentially combined into a long section from small to large for synchronous interpretation, the change of the difference of the waveforms, the energy and the frequency of the abnormal response in the detection object 4 in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction of all the common offset distance signal sections can be visually presented, and the omnibearing comparative discrimination and the position determination of an abnormal body are very convenient. As shown in fig. 3, which is a schematic cross-sectional view of a single common offset signal, through analysis of the cross-section, it can be found that there is no defect in the inspection object 4; and as shown in fig. 4, which is a schematic cross-sectional view of a single common offset signal, it can be found through analysis of the cross-sectional view that there are internal defects at the 4 th, 5 th and 6 th tracks in the inspection object.
Different common offset signal profiles have different information carried in the detection object 4 at different offsets because of different propagation paths of the ultrasonic waves; the small offset distance includes more high-frequency and high-resolution information of a shallow portion in the detection object 4, and the large offset distance includes more information of a deeper and larger scale in the detection object 4. In the embodiment, the common offset signal profiles with different offsets are obtained simultaneously, so that the information in different ranges in the detection object 4 can be contained, and the information limitation of the common offset signal profile with a single offset is avoided.
The beneficial effect of this embodiment lies in:
(a) compared with the traditional surface single-side detection, the detection method in the embodiment realizes the simultaneous receiving and sending of multiple offset distances of a single measuring point by arranging the ultrasonic receiving and sending sensor columns, the data volume is increased by several times, the detection time is not increased, the time is not changed, the higher-density detection data coverage is realized, and the more precise detection of internal defects and the like is realized;
(b) compared with the traditional ultrasonic detection, the detection method in the embodiment determines the internal defects of the detection object by utilizing time difference or time-lapse inversion, and the like, and the detection method in the embodiment tracks the continuous change of space and time by utilizing different common offset signal distance sections to the waveforms, energies and frequencies corresponding to the defects and structural features in the detection object by arranging the different common offset signal sections together according to the offset from small to large;
all ultrasonic signals are combined into a continuous common offset signal profile according to the spatial position relationship, the signal profile not only contains the propagation time information of reflected waves, but also contains richer information such as the spatial distribution of the reflected waves, the intensity of reflected energy and the like, so that the refined and reliable detection of a detected object is realized;
(c) the method has the characteristics of simple implementation, high speed, high efficiency, high resolution and the like; the thickness detection device can be used for detecting the thickness and the internal defect of a component capable of transmitting ultrasonic waves, when the thickness is detected, the ultrasonic waves transmitted by the transmitting sensor can be reflected on the bottom surface of the component, the reflected echoes are received by the receiving sensor, and the thickness of the component can be calculated according to the time of transmitting and receiving the reflected echoes and the ultrasonic wave transmission speed in the component; when a defect exists in the component, scattering echoes can be generated when the ultrasonic wave propagates and meets the defect, after the scattering echoes are received by the receiving sensor, scattering waveforms with certain geometric characteristics can be formed on a signal profile, and the plane and depth positions of the defect can be detected according to the characteristics.
Claims (5)
1. A multi-offset ultrasonic image detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) constructing an ultrasonic transceiving sensor array consisting of n ultrasonic sensors distributed at equal intervals; the ultrasonic transceiver sensor array comprises a mounting base, and the ultrasonic sensors are vertically fixed on the mounting base at equal intervals and are distributed in a linear manner; (2) arranging a detection line on the surface of a detection object, and arranging the ultrasonic transceiving sensor column at a head point position of the detection line; (3) at the position of the head point, ultrasonic signals are transmitted and received among the ultrasonic sensors with different intervals in the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving sensor column, so that ultrasonic transmitting and receiving signals with different offset distances are obtained at the position of the head point; (4) repeating the method in the step (3), moving the ultrasonic transceiving sensor array and obtaining ultrasonic transceiving signals with different offset distances at each measuring point position in sequence; (5) arranging the ultrasonic transceiving signals with the same offset distance on different measuring points into a common offset distance signal profile according to actual detection positions;
at the measuring point position, the ultrasonic signal is transmitted and received between the ultrasonic sensors with different intervals in the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving sensor array, and the method comprises the following steps: firstly, the 2 nd ultrasonic sensor in the ultrasonic transceiving sensor column transmits ultrasonic signals and the 1 st ultrasonic sensor receives ultrasonic transceiving signals with the offset distance of L; then the 3 rd ultrasonic sensor transmits ultrasonic signals and the 1 st ultrasonic sensor receives ultrasonic transceiving signals with the offset distance of 2L; sequentially receiving and transmitting according to the rule until the nth ultrasonic sensor transmits ultrasonic signals and the 1 st ultrasonic sensor receives ultrasonic receiving and transmitting signals with the offset distance of (n-1) L; to obtain a total of (n-1) said ultrasonic transceiver signals at said measuring points at different offsets;
m measuring points are distributed on the detection line at intervals, and m (n-1) ultrasonic transceiving signals can be obtained on the detection line by the ultrasonic transceiving sensor column; extracting (n-1) said common offset signal profiles from m (n-1) said ultrasound transceive signals, the number of said ultrasound transceive signals in each of said common offset signal profiles being m channels; wherein the common offset signal cross-section has the same offset for all the ultrasonic transmission/reception signals, and the offset of each common offset signal cross-section is L, 2L, 3L, …, (n-1) L.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic sensor is an ultrasonic transceiver.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic sensors in the ultrasonic transceiver array are configured to transmit ultrasonic signals and receive ultrasonic signals at the same time.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the inspection line is a straight line, and the arrangement direction of the ultrasonic transducers in the ultrasonic transceiver transducer array coincides with the inspection line direction.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the common offset signal profile has an ordinate of time and an abscissa of channel number or position coordinates of the ultrasonic sensor.
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| JP4552309B2 (en) * | 2000-11-02 | 2010-09-29 | 株式会社Ｉｈｉ | Ultrasonic flaw detection method and apparatus |
| FR2833706B1 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2004-07-23 | Setval | NON-DESTRUCTIVE CONTROL BY ULTRASONIC SENSORS, OF METALLURGY PRODUCTS |
| US9453819B2 (en) * | 2011-07-15 | 2016-09-27 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Ultrasonic flaw detector and ultrasonic flaw detecting method |
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