CN108362568B - Experimental method of external pressure instability test device - Google Patents
Experimental method of external pressure instability test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108362568B CN108362568B CN201810379656.7A CN201810379656A CN108362568B CN 108362568 B CN108362568 B CN 108362568B CN 201810379656 A CN201810379656 A CN 201810379656A CN 108362568 B CN108362568 B CN 108362568B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental method of an external pressure instability test device, which comprises a rack, a cylinder, a pipeline, an air pump, an oil tank, a gas-liquid booster pump and a computer, wherein the rack is connected with the cylinder; the rack is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, a circular opening is formed in the upper layer of the rack and used for installing the cylinder body, an air pump and an oil tank are respectively installed on the lower layer of the rack, the air pump is connected to the gas-liquid booster pump through pipelines, the gas-liquid booster pump is divided into two pipelines at the outlet end and is respectively connected to the cylinder body and the oil tank, the oil tank is also provided with a pipeline connected to the cylinder body at the outlet end of the oil tank, and a pressure sensor and a pressure gauge are arranged on the side face of the cylinder body. The invention can ensure the experiment safety as far as possible when effectively verifying the instability of the container working in the external pressure environment, and simultaneously satisfies the simulation experiment of external pressure containers with different internal pressures and different sizes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pressure testing, in particular to an experimental method for an external pressure instability test device.
Background
In industrial production, particularly in current very hot ocean engineering (such as ocean bottom resource exploration, ocean oil and gas exploitation, etc.), pressure vessels are often operated under external pressure conditions, such as vacuum vessels and submersible shells for ocean exploitation. For external pressure cylinders, the stability of the container working under external pressure conditions is an important object of research, once the problem occurs, external pressure instability is easy to occur (when the external pressure instability is that the stress in the wall of a thin-wall container under the action of external pressure does not reach the yield limit of materials, the container can suddenly generate a phenomenon to lose the original shape of the container), but the current external pressure instability design is always based on an empirical formula, and a stable verification mode is not provided, so that a lot of inconvenience is brought to production, and once calculation errors occur, the external pressure instability of the container can cause serious consequences.
Aiming at the problems, some experimental equipment is also on the market at present, but the experimental equipment is filled with a plurality of uncertain factors in the experimental process, and the experimental safety is affected by overhigh inlet pressure, insignificant sound when instability occurs and the like, so that the personnel safety and the normal use of instrument equipment are threatened. For example, the Chinese patent with the application number of 201110443772.9 provides an external pressure container instability test device, but the external pressure container instability test device is only manually controlled in the aspect of pressure control, and the situation that the leakage oil body pollutes a test bench due to tearing of a piece to be tested caused by overlarge pressure is not considered, so that the test safety is seriously threatened; in addition, the cylinder body, the piece to be tested and the ejector rod are assembled by using flanges and bolts, so that the structure is complex, and the disassembly and the assembly are troublesome. Meanwhile, the scheme provided by the prior art basically adopts a single ejector rod to support external pressure easily, so that the external pressure container with different length and size cannot be adapted, and in the simulation of external pressure instability, the internal pressure is not necessarily normal pressure, so that the current experimental device cannot adapt to experiments with different internal pressures.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides an experimental method of an external pressure instability test device, which can ensure the experimental safety to the greatest extent when effectively verifying the instability condition of a container working in an external pressure environment, and simultaneously satisfies the simulation experiments of external pressure containers with different internal pressures and different sizes.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an external pressure instability test device comprises a rack, a cylinder, a pipeline, an air pump, an oil tank, a gas-liquid booster pump and a computer; the rack is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, a circular opening is arranged on the upper layer of the rack and used for installing a cylinder body, an air pump and an oil tank are respectively arranged on the lower layer of the rack, the air pump is connected to a gas-liquid booster pump through pipelines, the gas-liquid booster pump is divided into two pipelines at an outlet end and is respectively connected to the cylinder body and the oil tank, the oil tank is also provided with a pipeline connected to the cylinder body at the outlet end, and a pressure sensor and a pressure meter I are arranged on the side surface of the cylinder body;
the cylinder is of a two-section cylinder structure with a small upper end and a large lower end, the upper end of the cylinder is an open end, a section of outer ring is outwards arranged at the deformation position of the two sections of cylinders of the cylinder, a plurality of through holes are formed in the outer ring, a through hole is formed in the upper layer of a rack corresponding to the through holes, the rack is connected with the through hole of the outer ring through bolts, so that the cylinder is fixed on the rack, a section of external thread is outwards arranged at the open end of the cylinder, a locking cover is connected to the external thread of the cylinder, the locking cover is of a circular cover-shaped structure with an internal thread, a circle of step is arranged above the internal thread, after the locking cover is connected with the cylinder, an annular pressing cover is arranged below the step of the locking cover, the pressing cover is clamped at the upper ends of the locking cover and the cylinder, a piece to be detected is of a thin-wall cylinder with an opening at the upper part, and the upper opening of the pressing cover is outwards provided with an outer edge, and the pressing cover is clamped between the pressing cover and the locking cover through the outer edge.
Further, a section of parallel pipeline is arranged on a pipeline between the air pump and the gas-liquid booster pump, one section of pipeline in the parallel pipeline is an inlet valve and a pressure regulating valve, a second pressure gauge is arranged on the pipeline, the other section of pipeline is an electric control inlet valve and an electromagnetic valve, an overflow valve is arranged between the gas-liquid booster pump and the cylinder, and a pressure relief valve is arranged on a pipeline between the oil tank and the cylinder;
the computer is arranged on the upper layer of the rack and is respectively connected with the electromagnetic valve, the electric control inlet valve, the overflow valve, the pressure relief valve and the pressure sensor through data wires.
Further, a gasket with sealing function is arranged between the gland and the cylinder, and an O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the to-be-detected piece and the gland.
Further, be equipped with circular fixed lid between gland and locking lid, the middle part of locking lid and circular fixed lid all is equipped with the through-hole, circular fixed lid middle part welding has the ejector pin, and the ejector pin is the hollow tube, and its lower extreme bottom is equipped with the plectane, and the plectane supports the bottom of the piece that awaits measuring, and its lower part side is equipped with the mesh, and its upper portion is connected with the outlet valve, and outlet valve upper portion is equipped with the hose, and the hose is with external direct UNICOM.
Furthermore, the ejector rod has various length types and is selected according to the height of the to-be-detected piece.
The invention also provides an experimental method based on the device, which comprises the following steps:
when the ejector rods with various lengths are adopted, the ejector rods with proper sizes and the circular fixed cover are selected according to the heights of the to-be-tested pieces, the circular fixed cover, the to-be-tested pieces and the gland are respectively placed on the cylinder, then the gland is connected, the ejector rods are abutted against the to-be-tested pieces, and then the outlet valve on the ejector rods is opened to enable the outlet valve to be in a normally open state, so that experimental safety is ensured; checking, namely performing test operation after the equipment is communicated normally;
during manual control, firstly, an inlet valve and an overflow valve are opened, and the maximum pressure value of an air source is selected through manual control and adjustment of an air source pressure regulating valve; starting an air compressor, increasing the pressure in the cylinder, reducing the pressure in the cylinder when the workpiece to be tested is unstable, automatically recording the unstable pressure by a computer, closing an inlet valve and an overflow valve at the moment, and opening a pressure relief valve;
when the automatic control is performed, the pressure regulating valve and the inlet valve are closed, the electromagnetic valve and the electric control inlet valve are opened, and the maximum air source pressure value of the electromagnetic valve is preset on a computer; when instability occurs, the computer records an instability pressure value in the cylinder, and when the pressure occurs in a downlink wave band, the overflow valve and the electric control inlet valve are closed and the pressure relief valve is opened under the control of the computer; meanwhile, under the two modes, the maximum safety pressure value in the cylinder is preset on the computer, and when the maximum safety pressure value is exceeded, the experiment is automatically ended, namely the computer controls to close the overflow valve and open the pressure relief valve, so that the experiment safety is ensured.
Further, be equipped with circular fixed lid between gland and locking lid, the middle part of locking lid and circular fixed lid all is equipped with the through-hole, the through-hole of circular fixed lid on be equipped with the internal thread to there is the ejector pin through internal thread connection, there is one section screw thread section at the ejector pin middle part to be connected with circular fixed lid, the ejector pin is the hollow tube, its lower extreme bottom is equipped with the plectane, its lower part side is equipped with the mesh, its upper portion is connected with quick detach joint, is connected with the outlet valve on the quick detach joint.
Further, a hose is arranged above the outlet valve, the tail end of the hose is connected with an air compressor, and the air compressor is fixed above the lower layer of the rack.
Furthermore, the locking cover and the circular fixing cover are respectively provided with a through hole, the two through holes are aligned, the through holes are internally provided with adjustable one-way valves, and the adjustable one-way valves circulate from bottom to top. The type of the adjustable check valve is a DACV-4P adjustable check valve, and the opening pressure ranges from 3 psig to 600psig (the adjustment is carried out according to the requirement, so that the opening pressure is ensured to be larger than the internal pressure provided for the to-be-tested piece in the test). The opening value is set before the experiment starts.
The invention also provides an experimental method based on the device, which comprises the following steps:
when the ejector rod with the external thread section is adopted, the circular fixed cover, the piece to be detected and the gland are respectively placed on the cylinder body according to the height of the piece to be detected, then the ejector rod is screwed into the circular fixed cover and is adjusted to a proper position, in order to ensure the tightness, the raw adhesive tape is wound on the thread of the ejector rod, then the gland is connected, the ejector rod is abutted against the piece to be detected, meanwhile, a hose and an air compressor are connected and fixed, the pressure value set by the adjustable one-way valve is adjusted, then the needed internal pressure is provided in the piece to be detected according to the requirement, the outlet valve on the ejector rod is opened, the outlet valve is closed and the air compressor is closed after the internal pressure is filled, so that the pressure is maintained, and the experimental safety is ensured; checking, namely performing test operation after the equipment is communicated normally;
during manual control, firstly, an inlet valve and an overflow valve are opened, and the maximum pressure value of an air source is selected through manual control and adjustment of an air source pressure regulating valve; starting an air compressor, increasing the pressure in the cylinder, reducing the pressure in the cylinder when the workpiece to be tested is unstable, automatically recording the unstable pressure by a computer, closing an inlet valve and an overflow valve at the moment, and opening a pressure relief valve;
when the automatic control is performed, the pressure regulating valve and the inlet valve are closed, the electromagnetic valve and the electric control inlet valve are opened, and the maximum air source pressure value of the electromagnetic valve is preset on a computer; when instability occurs, the computer records an instability pressure value in the cylinder, and when the pressure occurs in a downlink wave band, the overflow valve and the electric control inlet valve are closed and the pressure relief valve is opened under the control of the computer; meanwhile, under the two modes, the maximum safety pressure value in the cylinder is preset on the computer, and when the maximum safety pressure value is exceeded, the experiment is automatically ended, namely the computer controls to close the overflow valve and open the pressure relief valve, so that the experiment safety is ensured.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the design connects the computer with the pressure sensor, the electric control inlet valve, the electromagnetic valve, the overflow valve and the pressure release valve, adopts a mode of combining manual control and automatic control in the pressure transmission process, and improves the safety of experiments;
2. in the design of the ejector rod, one end is provided with meshes, the other end is provided with an outlet valve which is normally open in the experiment, or the outlet valve is communicated with the outside under pressure through an adjustable one-way valve, so that the vertical deformation of a piece to be detected can be prevented, the oil body which is leaked due to the fact that the piece to be detected is torn due to the overlarge pressure can be avoided, the air in the piece to be detected can be timely discharged, and the dangerous situation that the air pressure is rapidly increased due to the rising of the external pressure can be avoided;
3. the device can be automatically operated or manually operated, the destabilization effect of the to-be-detected piece under the same supercharging speed and the same flow speed can be researched by automatic control, the destabilization effect of the to-be-detected piece under different supercharging speeds can be researched by manual operation, the two can be compared and analyzed, the experimental content is enriched, and a plurality of ways of experimental research are increased;
4. by adopting two schemes, one scheme can adopt a mode of replacing ejector rods with different lengths to realize the abutting and fixing of the to-be-tested pieces with different lengths, and the other scheme adopts a rotary thread mode to enable the same ejector rod to be capable of abutting the to-be-tested pieces with different lengths;
5. the mode of providing internal pressure in an auxiliary mode of the air compressor can simulate the instability of internal pressure and external pressure of the thin-wall container to different degrees, and the pressure container in different environments can be simulated more truly, so that more types of experiments can be completed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the barrel region of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of the ejector pin of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the barrel region of FIG. 4;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of the ejector pin in fig. 5.
The figure shows:
1-bench, 2-cylinder, 3-piece to be tested, 4-ejector pin, 5-gland, 6-locking lid, 7-manometer I, 8-pressure sensor, 9-computer, 10-manometer II, 11-pressure regulating valve, 12-electromagnetic valve, 13-inlet valve, 14-electronic control inlet valve, 15-air pump, 16-gas-liquid booster pump, 17-oil tank, 18-overflow valve, 19-relief valve, 20-gasket, 21-O-shaped sealing ring, 22-outlet valve, 23-circular fixed lid, 24-mesh, 25-air compressor, 26-hose, 27-external screw thread section, 28-adjustable check valve, 29-quick-operation joint.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
Embodiment one:
as shown in fig. 1 to 3, an external pressure instability test device comprises a rack 1, a cylinder 2, a pipeline, an air pump 15, an oil tank 17, a gas-liquid booster pump 16 and a computer 9; the rack 1 is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, a circular opening is arranged on the upper layer of the rack 1 and is used for installing the cylinder 2, an air pump 15 and an oil tank 17 are respectively arranged on the lower layer of the rack 1, the air pump 15 is connected to a gas-liquid booster pump 16 through pipelines, the gas-liquid booster pump 16 is divided into two pipelines at an outlet end and is respectively connected to the cylinder 2 and the oil tank 17, the oil tank 17 is also provided with a pipeline connected to the cylinder 2 at the outlet end, and a pressure sensor 8 and a pressure gauge 7 are arranged on the side surface of the cylinder 2;
the cylinder body 2 is of a two-section cylindrical structure (shown in fig. 1) with a small upper part and a large lower part, the upper end of the cylinder body 2 is an open end, a section of outer ring is outwards arranged at the deformation position of the two sections of cylindrical cylinders of the cylinder body 2, a plurality of through holes are formed in the outer ring, a through hole is formed in the upper layer of the rack 1 corresponding to the through hole, the rack 1 is connected with the through hole of the outer ring through bolts, so that the cylinder body 2 is fixed on the rack 1, a section of external threads are outwards arranged at the open end of the cylinder body 2, a locking cover 6 is connected to the external threads of the cylinder body 2, the locking cover 6 is of a circular cover-shaped structure with internal threads, a circle of step is formed above the internal threads, after the locking cover 6 is connected with the cylinder body 2, an annular gland 5 is arranged below the step of the locking cover 6, the gland 5 is clamped at the upper ends of the locking cover 6 and the cylinder body 2, a piece 3 to be tested is arranged between the gland 5 and the locking cover 6, the piece 3 to be tested is a thin-walled cylinder with an upper opening, the upper opening is outwards arranged, and is clamped between the gland 5 and the locking cover 6 through the outer side; the pipeline between the air pump 15 and the gas-liquid booster pump 16 is provided with a section of parallel pipeline, one section of the parallel pipeline is provided with an inlet valve 13 and a pressure regulating valve 11, the pipeline is provided with a pressure gauge II 10, the other section of the parallel pipeline is provided with an electric control inlet valve 14 and an electromagnetic valve, an overflow valve 18 is arranged between the gas-liquid booster pump 16 and the cylinder 2, and a pressure relief valve 19 is arranged on the pipeline between the oil tank 17 and the cylinder 2; the computer 9 is arranged on the upper layer of the rack 1 and is respectively connected with the electromagnetic valve 12, the electric control inlet valve 14, the overflow valve 18, the pressure relief valve 19 and the pressure sensor 8 through data lines; a gasket 20 which plays a role in sealing together is arranged between the gland 5 and the cylinder 2, and an O-shaped sealing ring 21 is arranged between the part 3 to be tested and the gland 5; a circular fixed cover 23 is arranged between the gland 5 and the locking cover 6, through holes are arranged in the middle parts of the locking cover 6 and the circular fixed cover 23, a push rod 4 is welded in the middle part of the circular fixed cover 23,
the ejector rod 4 is a hollow pipeline, the top of the ejector rod is provided with an outlet valve 22, the upper part of the outlet valve 22 is provided with a hose which is directly communicated with the outside, and the bottom of the ejector rod 4 is provided with a mesh 24; the bottom end of the ejector rod 4 is contacted with the piece to be detected 3, a circular plate is welded in the middle, the distance from the circular plate to the bottom of the rod is equal to the height of the piece to be detected 3, and the circular plate is propped against the piece to be detected 3 under the action of the locking cover 6, so that the piece to be detected 3 is prevented from axial deformation under the action of external pressure; in the experiment, the outlet valve 22 is in a normally open state, so that the gas in the workpiece 3 to be detected can be timely discharged after the workpiece 3 to be detected is unstable, and the rapid increase of the air pressure in the workpiece 3 to be detected caused by the rising of the external pressure is avoided; in addition, when the external pressure is too high to cause the tearing phenomenon of the to-be-detected piece 3, the leaked oil can pass through the mesh 24 below the ejector rod 4 in time and be discharged through the outlet valve 22, so that the safety of experiments is ensured. The ejector rod 4 has various length types and is selected according to the height of the to-be-detected piece 3.
The invention also provides an experimental method based on the device, which comprises the following steps:
the experimental device takes an air pump 15 as a pressure source, the aspect of pressure control adopts a mode of combining manual control and automatic control, the air generated by the air pump 15 is regulated to a pressure value required by an experiment through a pressure regulating valve 11 (manual) or an electromagnetic valve 12 (automatic), the air reaches a gas-liquid booster pump 16, the oil in an oil tank 17 enters the gas-liquid booster pump 16 under the influence of the negative pressure of the gas-liquid booster pump 16 and is pressurized therein, and the pressurized oil enters a cylinder 2 through an overflow valve 18;
when the ejector rods 4 with various lengths are adopted, the ejector rods 4 with proper sizes and the circular fixed cover 23 are selected according to the height of the to-be-tested piece 3, the circular fixed cover 23, the to-be-tested piece 3 and the gland 5 are respectively placed on the cylinder 2, then the gland 5 is connected, the ejector rods 4 are abutted against the to-be-tested piece 3, and then the outlet valve 22 on the ejector rods 4 is opened to enable the outlet valve to be in a normally open state, so that experimental safety is ensured; checking, namely performing test operation after the equipment is communicated normally;
during manual control, firstly, opening an inlet valve 13 and an overflow valve 18, and selecting the maximum pressure value of an air source through manual control and adjustment of an air source pressure regulating valve 11; starting an air compressor 25, increasing the pressure in the cylinder 2, reducing the pressure in the cylinder 2 when the workpiece 3 to be tested is unstable, automatically recording the unstable pressure by the computer 9, closing the inlet valve 13 and the overflow valve 18, and opening the pressure relief valve 19;
when in automatic control, the pressure regulating valve 11 and the inlet valve 13 are closed, the electromagnetic valve 12 and the electric control inlet valve 14 are opened, and the maximum air source pressure value of the electromagnetic valve 12 is preset on the computer 9; when instability occurs, the computer 9 records the instability pressure value in the cylinder 2, and when the pressure occurs in a downlink wave band, the overflow valve 18, the electric control inlet valve 14 and the pressure relief valve 19 are closed under the control of the computer 9; meanwhile, under the two modes, the maximum safe pressure value in the cylinder 2 is preset on the computer 9, and when the maximum safe pressure value is exceeded, the experiment is automatically ended, namely the computer 9 controls the overflow valve 18 to be closed, and the pressure relief valve 19 to be opened, so that the experiment safety is ensured.
By adopting the structure, experiments with different lengths can be realized by adopting a plurality of sets of ejector rods 4, the problems of tightness and self-locking performance of the ejector rods 4 are not required to be considered, and the device is suitable for external pressure instability experiments of a thin-wall pressure container with normal internal pressure.
Embodiment two:
as shown in fig. 4 to 6, an external pressure instability test apparatus comprises a rack 1, a cylinder 2, a pipeline, an air pump 15, an oil tank 17, a gas-liquid booster pump 16 and a computer 9; the rack 1 is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, a circular opening is arranged on the upper layer of the rack 1 and is used for installing the cylinder 2, an air pump 15 and an oil tank 17 are respectively arranged on the lower layer of the rack 1, the air pump 15 is connected to a gas-liquid booster pump 16 through pipelines, the gas-liquid booster pump 16 is divided into two pipelines at an outlet end and is respectively connected to the cylinder 2 and the oil tank 17, the oil tank 17 is also provided with a pipeline connected to the cylinder 2 at the outlet end, and a pressure sensor 8 and a pressure gauge 7 are arranged on the side surface of the cylinder 2; the cylinder body 2 is of a two-section cylinder structure with a small upper part and a large lower part, the upper end of the cylinder body 2 is an open end, a section of outer ring is outwards arranged at the deformation position of the two sections of cylinder bodies of the cylinder body 2, a plurality of through holes are formed in the outer ring, through holes are formed in the upper layer of the rack 1 corresponding to the through holes, the rack 1 and the through holes of the outer ring are connected through bolts so that the cylinder body 2 is fixed on the rack 1, a section of external thread is outwards arranged at the open end of the cylinder body 2, a locking cover 6 is connected to the external thread of the cylinder body 2, the locking cover 6 is of a circular cover-shaped structure with an internal thread, a circle of step is formed above the internal thread, after the locking cover 6 is connected with the cylinder body 2, an annular gland 5 is arranged below the step of the locking cover 6, the gland 5 is clamped between the locking cover 6 and the upper end of the cylinder body 2, a piece 3 to be tested is arranged between the gland 5 and the locking cover 6, the upper opening of the piece 3 is a thin-walled cylinder with an upper opening, and the outer edge is outwards clamped between the gland 5 and the locking cover 6; the pipeline between the air pump 15 and the gas-liquid booster pump 16 is provided with a section of parallel pipeline, one section of the parallel pipeline is provided with an inlet valve 13 and a pressure regulating valve 11, the pipeline is provided with a pressure gauge II 10, the other section of the parallel pipeline is provided with an electric control inlet valve 14 and an electromagnetic valve, an overflow valve 18 is arranged between the gas-liquid booster pump 16 and the cylinder 2, and a pressure relief valve 19 is arranged on the pipeline between the oil tank 17 and the cylinder 2; the computer 9 is arranged on the upper layer of the rack 1 and is respectively connected with the electromagnetic valve, the electric control inlet valve 14, the overflow valve 18, the pressure relief valve 19 and the pressure sensor 8 through data wires; a gasket 20 which plays a role in sealing together is arranged between the gland 5 and the cylinder 2, and an O-shaped sealing ring 21 is arranged between the part 3 to be tested and the gland 5; the circular fixed cover 23 is arranged between the gland 5 and the locking cover 6, through holes are formed in the middle of the locking cover 6 and the circular fixed cover 23, internal threads are formed in the through holes of the circular fixed cover 23 and are connected with the ejector rod 4 through the internal threads, a section of external thread section 27 is formed in the middle of the ejector rod 4 and is connected with the circular fixed cover 23 through the external thread section 27, the ejector rod 4 is a hollow pipe, a circular plate is arranged at the bottom of the lower end of the ejector rod 4, a mesh 24 is arranged on the side face of the lower end of the ejector rod, a quick connector 29 is connected to the upper end of the quick connector 29, an outlet valve 22 is arranged above the quick connector 29, a hose is arranged at the upper end of the outlet valve 22, an air compressor 25 is connected to the upper end of the air compressor 25, and the air compressor 25 is arranged above the lower layer of the rack 1 (in such a manner, when the locking cover 6 is dismounted and the locking cover 6 is mounted, the outlet valve 22 is only required to be separated through the quick connector 29, and at the moment, the upper part of the whole ejector rod is a polished rod at the moment, and the locking cover 6 is convenient to dismount; the locking cover 6 and the round fixed cover 23 are both provided with through holes, and an adjustable one-way valve 28 is arranged in the through holes, and the direction of the adjustable one-way valve 28 is from bottom to top. The adjustable check valve is of the type DACV-4P adjustable check valve 28 and opens at a pressure in the range of 3-600psig. The opening value is set before the experiment starts.
The invention also provides an experimental method based on the device, which comprises the following steps:
the experimental device takes an air pump 15 as a pressure source, the aspect of pressure control adopts a mode of combining manual control and automatic control, the gas generated by an air pump 1515 is regulated to a pressure value required by an experiment (manually) through a pressure regulating valve 11 or an electromagnetic valve 12 (automatically) by a pipeline, the gas reaches a gas-liquid booster pump 16, the oil in an oil tank 17 enters the gas-liquid booster pump 16 under the influence of the negative pressure of the gas-liquid booster pump 16 and is pressurized in the gas-liquid booster pump 16, and the pressurized oil enters a cylinder 2 through an overflow valve 18;
when the ejector rod 4 with the external thread section 27 is adopted, the circular fixed cover 23, the piece to be detected 3 and the gland 5 are respectively placed on the cylinder 2, then the ejector rod 4 is screwed into the circular fixed cover 23 and is adjusted to a proper position, in order to ensure tightness, a raw adhesive tape is wound on the thread of the ejector rod 4, then the gland 5 is connected, the ejector rod 4 is abutted against the piece to be detected 3, meanwhile, a hose and the air compressor 25 are connected and fixed, the pressure value set by the adjustable one-way valve 28 is adjusted (the pressure value is ensured to be larger than the provided internal pressure), then the required internal pressure is provided in the piece to be detected 3 according to the requirement, and the outlet valve 22 on the ejector rod 4 is closed to be in a pressure maintaining state, so that experiment safety is ensured; checking, namely performing test operation after the equipment is communicated normally;
during manual control, firstly, opening an inlet valve 13 and an overflow valve 18, and selecting the maximum pressure value of an air source through manual control and adjustment of an air source pressure regulating valve 11; starting an air compressor 25, increasing the pressure in the cylinder 2, reducing the pressure in the cylinder 2 when the workpiece 3 to be tested is unstable, automatically recording the unstable pressure by the computer 9, closing the inlet valve 13 and the overflow valve 18, and opening the pressure relief valve 19;
when in automatic control, the pressure regulating valve 11 and the inlet valve 13 are closed, the electromagnetic valve 12 and the electric control inlet valve 14 are opened, and the maximum air source pressure value of the electromagnetic valve 12 is preset on the computer 9; when instability occurs, the computer 9 records the instability pressure value in the cylinder 2, and when the pressure occurs in a downlink wave band, the overflow valve 18, the electric control inlet valve 14 and the pressure relief valve 19 are closed under the control of the computer 9; meanwhile, under the two modes, the maximum safe pressure value in the cylinder 2 is preset on the computer 9, and when the maximum safe pressure value is exceeded, the experiment is automatically ended, namely the computer 9 controls the overflow valve 18 to be closed, and the pressure relief valve 19 to be opened, so that the experiment safety is ensured; when the external pressure is unstable, the internal pressure is raised due to the compression of the to-be-measured piece 3, and when the internal pressure exceeds the set value of the adjustable one-way valve 28, the pressure is relieved through the adjustable one-way valve 28.
By adopting the structure, the experiment of different lengths and internal pressures can be realized by adopting the set of ejector rods 4, and the device is suitable for the external pressure instability experiment of the thin-wall pressure container with abnormal internal pressure.
This experimental apparatus simple structure, the leakproofness is good, and easy operation is convenient for dismouting and maintenance, and the design of ejector pin 4, the control of computer 9 make the security of experiment rise by a wide margin, adopt two kinds of ejector pins 4 of fixed and spiral simultaneously, can carry out the experiment respectively under different circumstances, each has advantages, consequently this experimental apparatus can be fine satisfy external pressure unstability teaching experiment.
The first pressure gauge 7 and the second pressure gauge 10 are digital display pressure gauges. The electromagnetic valve 12, the electric control inlet valve 14, the overflow valve 18, the pressure relief valve 19, the pressure sensor 8, the air pump 15, the gas-liquid booster pump 16 and the air compressor 25 are all conventional parts which are commercially available, and the connection mode is carried out according to the prior art.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but is intended to be limited to the following embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents and modifications can be made to the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. The experimental method of the external pressure instability test device is characterized by comprising a rack, a barrel, pipelines, an air pump, an oil tank, a gas-liquid booster pump and a computer, wherein the rack is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, a circular opening is formed in the upper layer of the rack and used for installing the barrel, the air pump and the oil tank are respectively installed on the lower layer of the rack, the air pump is connected to the gas-liquid booster pump through the pipelines, the gas-liquid booster pump is divided into two pipelines at an outlet end and is respectively connected to the barrel and the oil tank, the oil tank is also provided with the pipeline connected to the barrel at the outlet end of the oil tank, and a pressure sensor and a pressure meter I are arranged on the side surface of the barrel;
the cylinder body is of a two-section cylinder structure with a small upper end and a large lower end, the upper end of the cylinder body is an open end, a section of outer ring is outwards arranged at the deformation position of the two sections of cylinder bodies of the cylinder body, a plurality of through holes are formed in the outer ring, a through hole is formed in the upper layer of a rack corresponding to the through holes, the rack is connected with the through holes of the outer ring through bolts, so that the cylinder body is fixed on the rack, a section of external threads are outwards arranged at the open end of the cylinder body, a locking cover is connected to the external threads of the cylinder body, the locking cover is of a circular cover-shaped structure with internal threads, a circle of step is arranged above the internal threads, after the locking cover is connected with the cylinder body, an annular pressing cover is arranged below the step of the locking cover, the pressing cover is clamped between the locking cover and the upper end of the cylinder body, a piece to be tested is a thin-walled cylinder body with an opening at the upper part, and the upper opening of the pressing cover is outwards provided with an outer edge, and is clamped between the pressing cover and the locking cover through the outer edge;
the pipeline between the air pump and the gas-liquid booster pump is provided with a section of parallel pipeline, the section of pipeline of the parallel pipeline is provided with an inlet valve and a pressure regulating valve, the pipeline is provided with a pressure gauge II, the other section of pipeline is provided with an electric control inlet valve and an electromagnetic valve, an overflow valve is arranged between the gas-liquid booster pump and the cylinder, and a pressure relief valve is arranged on the pipeline between the oil tank and the cylinder;
the computer is arranged on the upper layer of the rack and is respectively connected with the electromagnetic valve, the electric control inlet valve, the overflow valve, the pressure relief valve and the pressure sensor through data wires;
a gasket with sealing function is arranged between the gland and the cylinder, and an O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the piece to be tested and the gland;
a circular fixed cover is arranged between the gland and the locking cover, through holes are formed in the middle parts of the locking cover and the circular fixed cover, a push rod is welded in the middle of the circular fixed cover, the push rod is a hollow pipe, a circular plate is arranged at the bottom of the lower end of the push rod, the circular plate abuts against the bottom of a piece to be tested, a mesh is arranged on the side surface of the lower part of the circular plate, an outlet valve is connected to the upper part of the circular plate, a hose is arranged at the upper part of the outlet valve, and the hose is directly communicated with the outside;
the ejector rod is of various length types and is selected according to the height of the to-be-detected piece;
the experimental method adopting the device comprises the following steps:
when the ejector rods with various lengths are adopted, the ejector rods with proper sizes and the circular fixed cover are selected according to the heights of the to-be-tested pieces, the circular fixed cover, the to-be-tested pieces and the gland are respectively placed on the cylinder, then the gland is connected, the ejector rods are abutted against the to-be-tested pieces, and then the outlet valve on the ejector rods is opened to enable the outlet valve to be in a normally open state, so that experimental safety is ensured; checking, namely performing test operation after the equipment is communicated normally;
during manual control, firstly, an inlet valve and an overflow valve are opened, and the maximum pressure value of an air source is selected through manual control and adjustment of an air source pressure regulating valve; starting an air compressor, increasing the pressure in the cylinder, reducing the pressure in the cylinder when the workpiece to be tested is unstable, automatically recording the unstable pressure by a computer, closing an inlet valve and an overflow valve at the moment, and opening a pressure relief valve;
when the automatic control is performed, the pressure regulating valve and the inlet valve are closed, the electromagnetic valve and the electric control inlet valve are opened, and the maximum air source pressure value of the electromagnetic valve is preset on a computer; when instability occurs, the computer records an instability pressure value in the cylinder, and when the pressure occurs in a downlink wave band, the overflow valve and the electric control inlet valve are closed and the pressure relief valve is opened under the control of the computer; meanwhile, under the two modes, the maximum safety pressure value in the cylinder is preset on the computer, and when the maximum safety pressure value is exceeded, the experiment is automatically ended, namely the computer controls to close the overflow valve and open the pressure relief valve, so that the experiment safety is ensured.
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