CN1083609C - Compact isolator and production of same - Google Patents
Compact isolator and production of same Download PDFInfo
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- CN1083609C CN1083609C CN 94102325 CN94102325A CN1083609C CN 1083609 C CN1083609 C CN 1083609C CN 94102325 CN94102325 CN 94102325 CN 94102325 A CN94102325 A CN 94102325A CN 1083609 C CN1083609 C CN 1083609C
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Abstract
The present invention provides a high-strength solid insulator and a manufacture method thereof, which are characterized in that the solid insulator is composed of porcelain of christobalite of which the crystallization quantity is below 10%; internal strain existing in a post-shaped insulator body in the insulator on a compression direction of radial outer side is larger than that of radial inner side, and the difference of the internal strain of the peripheral part and the radial central part of the insulator body is Y. When the diameter of the insulator body is set into X(mm), Y is larger than or equal to (1.76*10<-6>)X. The manufacture method comprises that the sintered insulator is rapidly cooled to enlarge the difference value of the internal strain of the interior and the exterior.
Description
The present invention relates to solid core insulator and manufacture method thereof.
Form according to its porcelain, comprise insulator that the christobalite porcelain that contains the christobalite crystallization constitutes in the solid core insulator and not should the insulator that the non-christobalite porcelain of crystallization constitutes etc.In these solid core insulators, any all requirement has high mechanical strength and electric strength.
In these insulators, the christobalite crystallization content is the insulator that the above christobalite porcelain of 20wt.% constitutes, with the christobalite crystallization content is that the insulator that constitutes of the christobalite porcelain below the 10wt.% or this crystallization content are that the insulator that zero non-christobalite porcelain constitutes is compared, and is good aspect intensity.Yet, from insulator manufacturing process aspect, thus since its sintering range when burning till is wide controls sintering temperature easily, thereby back a kind of insulator that the few porcelain of christobalite crystallization content and non-christobalite porcelain constitute is but more good.
As the intensity adding method that increases insulator strength, known have publication "
Industry engineering handbook, the 1260th page-1261 pages (clear and skill newspaper hall distribution on February 15th, 46) " the middle means that propose.This intensity means of giving are, raw material as the insulator base substrate, adopt the raw material that generates the christobalite crystallization easily, simultaneously as firing condition, also adopt the condition that generates the christobalite crystallization easily, make the coefficient of thermal expansion of insulator base substrate bigger thereby in sintering circuit, generate the christobalite crystallization, can make tensile strength and bending strength increase 10-40% by in refrigerating work procedure, glaze layer being produced compression stress than the coefficient of thermal expansion of insulator surface glaze layer.
This intensity is composed means, is in the insulator of the christobalite porcelain formation more than the 20wt.% at the christobalite crystallization content, because the coefficient of thermal expansion of insulator base substrate when sintering increased, thereby be effective means.Yet, at the christobalite crystallization content is that the few insulator of this crystallization generation ratio below the 10wt.% or this crystallization content are in zero the insulator, because the coefficient of thermal expansion of insulator base substrate does not increase in the firing process, therefore, for the difference of the coefficient of thermal expansion that makes insulator base substrate glaze layer becomes big, need to adjust the coefficient of thermal expansion of glaze, this has increased the difficulty of making, therefore the above-mentioned intensity means of the giving effective means of can not saying so.And, the glaze layer thickness that forms on the insulator surface as thin as a wafer, even in the processing procedure of insulator goods, give and the very shallow scar of insulating surface, can be that basic point makes its destruction with this scar at an easy rate also, even the christobalite crystallization content is the insulator that a high proportion of porcelain constitutes, the above-mentioned intensity means of giving also may not be effective.
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of solid core insulator and manufacture method thereof, this insulator is that the christobalite crystallization content is that the following porcelain of 10wt.% or this crystallization content are the solid core insulator that zero non-christobalite porcelain constitutes, it has high strength, also can not reduce intensity even be subjected to mechanical damage.
The solid core insulator that the present invention relates to is that the christobalite crystallization content is that insulator below 10% or this crystallization content are the insulator that zero non-christobalite porcelain constitutes, it is characterized in that internal strain on the compression direction inherent in the post insulator body of this insulator want in the outside, footpath the specific diameter inboard greatly, and when the trunk of setting this insulator body directly was X (mm), the difference Y of the internal strain in the peripheral part of above-mentioned insulator body and centre, footpath was:
Y≥(1.76×10
-6)X，
But, 20≤x≤250.
Internal strain among the present invention is to measure with following method.Internal strain: with vertical central part of insulator body thickness ring cutting in accordance with regulations, the strain sensor that on the diameter line of its section, keeps predetermined distance adhering resistance formula strain gauge, with the institute of the strain gauge under this state indicating value as fiducial value, the stickup position of each strain sensor is cut into thereafter longitudinal and transverse for 10mm, thickness be the tabular sample of 5mm, measure the length variations of this tabular sample peripheral direction, calculate the ratio (elongation of per unit length) of this measured value, this value is defined as the internal strain of each one with respect to the said reference value.
The manufacture method of the solid core insulator that the present invention relates to, it is the method for making the specific solid core insulator that the invention described above relates to, it is characterized in that having in the method sintering circuit that the solid core insulator base substrate that will not burn till is warming up to the regulation sintering temperature more than 1000 ℃ and with the refrigerating work procedure of the solid core insulator base substrate cooling of sintering; In this manufacture method, with described refrigerating work procedure be divided into from the 1st refrigerating work procedure temperature province of above-mentioned sintering temperature to 600 ℃ and from 600 ℃ to 500 ℃ the 2nd chilling temperature zone, and the 3rd chilling temperature zone from 500 ℃ to normal temperature; Between the trunk of these temperature provinces and the above-mentioned insulator body footpath X (mm) certain relation is arranged, with the average cooling rate in above-mentioned the 1st chilling temperature zone be set in following formula Za (℃/scope that hr) illustrates in.
-1.0X+400≤Za≤-2.4X+900
With the average cooling rate in above-mentioned the 2nd chilling temperature zone be set in following formula Zb (℃/value range that hr) illustrates in
-0.25X+80≤Zb≤-0.45X+160
And with the average cooling rate in above-mentioned the 3rd chilling temperature zone be set in following formula Zc (℃/hr) illustrate in the scope
Zb≤Zc
Generally, when insulator bears bending load from the outside, stretch stress at a layback of insulator surface imposed load and work, meanwhile, opposition side compression stress in the imposed load side works, and the position of tensile stress values maximum just becomes the destruction starting point on the insulator surface.At this moment, if having the internal strain of compression direction to exist at insulator surface, this internal strain antagonism is relaxed it from the tensile stress of the load of external action, thereby improves the intensity of insulator.
In the solid core insulator that the present invention relates to, have the difference Y of the internal strain that following formula represents at the peripheral part of insulator body and footpath central part:
Y≥(1.76×10
-6)X
Therefore in the face side of insulator body, on compression direction, there is big internal strain.Thereby this big internal strain then can relax its tensile stress widely, thereby can increase the intensity of insulator widely when the load of bearing from the outside.And, in this solid core insulator, not only there is internal strain in the insulator body face side, this internal strain is the inboard increase laterally gradually from insulator body, even thereby insulator surface is scratched, also can reduce with of the reduction of this scar as the breakdown strength of destroying starting point, thus the high strength of maintaining.
According to the manufacture method that the present invention relates to, cooling in the refrigerating work procedure behind the insulator blank sintering is called Za, Zb, Zc, its degree of sharply cooling off can not produce the rapid cold crack that increases of the internal stress that causes in the insulator base substrate, just can make the difference of the internal strain on the compression direction above-mentioned in the insulator body become big numerical value (Y) more than the setting by this rapid cooling, therefore can make the big solid core insulator of the present invention of difference of internal strain at an easy rate.
That is to say, average cooling rate Za from the 1st chilling temperature zone of the sintering temperature to 600 of insulator base substrate ℃, more much bigger than former 50～100 ℃/hr average cooling rate, therefore, the temperature difference of the private side of insulator body and outer side becomes big during cooling, outer side just began to solidify when private side also was in molten condition, and private side just solidifies gradually so that shrinks then.Consequently, internal stress arranged in that the outer side of insulator is residual, cause having big internal strain at compression direction.
From 600 ℃ to 500 ℃ the 2nd chilling temperature zone, the quartz during the insulator base substrate is formed translates into a type by the β type, so sharply variation of coefficient of thermal expansion generation, thereby makes internal stress become big, is easy to generate crackle in the insulator body.Therefore, the average cooling rate Zb in the 2nd chilling temperature zone is with in the past identical or more slightly larger than it, thereby prevented the generation of cold crack.
The 3rd chilling temperature zone from 500 ℃ to normal temperature, if adopt above cooling condition, just needn't slowly cool off insulator, with the 2nd chilling temperature zone in average cooling rate equate or cool off to be favourable economically than its big average cooling rate Zc.
Thus, can be economical and advantageously produce the present invention's that the internal strain difference is big in the inside portion of above-mentioned insulator body and the outside portion high-intensity solid core insulator.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the relation between internal strain and the intensity
(insulator)
Insulator as applicable object of the present invention has been shown among Fig. 1.This insulator 10 is the insulators that are made of non-christobalite porcelain, use is by silica sand 20-40wt.%, the blank raw material that feldspar 20-40wt.%, clay 40-60wt.% form, form the insulator base substrate, burn till under various conditions and make, consisting of of this porcelain: quartzy 10-20wt.%, mullite 8-20wt.%, glass 50-70wt.%.This insulator 10 constitutes by columned solid core insulator body 11 with from the outward extending many umbrella parts 12 of the periphery of insulator body 11, and the trunk of insulator body 11 directly is 85mm.
(creating conditions)
Three kinds of methods making this insulator 10 have been shown among Fig. 2, and in A, B, these three kinds of manufacture methods of C, the sintering condition of insulator base substrate is identical, but the cooling condition behind the sintering is inequality.
In the sintering circuit of each manufacture method, in 3 hours, reach 300 ℃ from beginning to add the heat insulator base substrate, in 2 hours, reach 500 ℃ then, 7 hour in be warming up to 1000 ℃ thereafter, keep these 1000 ℃ of states to reach 5 hours, in 5 hours half, be warming up to 1250 ℃ then, keep this 1250 ℃ to reach 2 hours and carry out sintering.Sintered insulator base substrate (below be often referred to sintering insulated son) is cooled to normal temperature under following each condition.
In the cooling of manufacture method A in the preface, average cooling rate from the 1st chilling temperature zone of sintering temperature to 600 ℃ is defined as 600 ℃/hr, average cooling rate in 600 ℃ to 500 ℃ the 2nd chilling temperature zone is defined as 70 ℃/hr, and 500 ℃ of average cooling rates to the 3rd chilling temperature zone of normal temperature are defined as 250 ℃/hr.In the refrigerating work procedure of manufacture method B, average cooling rate from the 1st chilling temperature zone of sintering temperature to 600 ℃ is defined as 400 ℃/hr, average cooling rate in 600 ℃ to 500 ℃ the 2nd chilling temperature zone is defined as 70 ℃/hr, and 500 ℃ of average cooling rates to the 3rd chilling temperature zone of normal temperature are defined as 250 ℃/hr.These average cooling rates are all much bigger than the cooling rate of prior art.
Different therewith, in the refrigerating work procedure of manufacture method C, identical with prior art, compare with the cooling rate of above-mentioned manufacture method A and B, what adopt is the cooling rate of the little slow cooling range of cooling rate, from sintering temperature to the 1150 ℃ average cooling rate to 950 ℃ of zones is 30 ℃/hr, 1150 ℃ of average cooling rates to 950 ℃ of zones are 55 ℃/hr, 950 ℃ of average cooling rates to 650 ℃ of zones are 80 ℃/hr, and 650 ℃ of average cooling rates to the normal temperature zone are 40 ℃/hr.
(internal strain)
The method of each position internal strain on the diametric(al) among each insulator 10a, 10b that the manufacture method of mensuration shown in Fig. 3 A, B, C make, the 10c, Fig. 4 illustrates the internal strain of measuring with above-mentioned internal strain assay method.The assay method of insulator body internal strain is the content that present inventors study, central part with each insulator as shown in Fig. 3 (a) cuts off by the length at 2 umbrella positions, keeps the interval of regulation to paste many strain sensors 14 on the diametric(al) of its metastomium 13.But, the strain sensor position of most peripheral in the distance outer peripheral edges to the be separated by place of 5mm of central side.
Strain gauge with each strain sensor 14 is well-known electric resistance wire strain gauge, and each the strain evaluation under this state is adjusted to zero (fiducial value).The longitudinal and transverse 10mm that is is cut at the position that will post each strain sensor 14 then, thick is the plate of 5mm, as the tabular working sample 15 shown in Fig. 3 (b), measure the elongation of length on each sample 15 peripheral direction with strain gauge, the elongation of per unit length is defined as internal strain.
Fig. 4 is the curve chart of internal strain value in each position of each insulator trunk of expression.Its internal strain of private side in insulator body is little, and externally side then strengthens gradually.In addition, as cooling condition, among the manufacture method A that employing is sharply cooled off, insulator 10a, the 10b that B makes, the difference of the internal strain of private side and outer side is very big, in contrast, adopt among the insulator 10C that slowly cooling makes as the manufacture method C of the prior art of cooling condition, the difference of the internal strain of private side and outer side is minimum.The body portion 13 that is used to measure internal strain is compared with insulator body, its internal stress is suitable opened state, the true value of the internal strain value that the absolute value of the internal strain of gained and insulator body have is inequality, and is the numerical value that suits when the difference of the internal strain of considering private side and outer side
(intensity)
Fig. 5 illustrates the degree (add and hinder state) of the easy damage on each insulator 10a, 10b, 10c surface.Add and hinder state and hinder device 20 with shown in Figure 6 adding and measure.Add the structure of hindering device 20 and be in the middle part of pillar 21 and can hammer 23 be housed at the front end that above-below direction is made the steady arm 22 of gyration, the following cementation of hammer 23 ball 24 of tungsten system, the length of steady arm 22 is 330mm, the weight of hammer 23 is 133g, the radius of tungsten ball 24 is 5mm, the radius of hammering 23 gyrations into shape is 330mm, makes it to fall from arbitrary height, thus insulator surface is caused damage.
Use this adding to hinder device 20, hammer 23 is fallen lay across from arbitrary height on the insulator body surface of the insulator 10a, the 10b that place, 10c, to hinder degree in order knowing to add, to measure the blow energy of this moment and the relation between the scar degree of depth, it the results are shown in Fig. 5 curve.Can be clear that from this curve last its of insulator 10a, 10b that adopts rapid cooling condition to make adds that to hinder degree little, this illustrates its surface strength height; In contrast, adopt insulator 10c that slow cooling condition makes to go up it and add and hinder degree big than 10a, 10b two insulators, this surface strength that it is described is low.
Fig. 7 illustrates the scar degree of depth of each insulator 10a, 10b, 10c and the relation between the bursting stress.The mensuration of bursting stress as shown in Figure 1, is that to make insulator be upright state, applies an external force R giving bending load to it at the front end of insulator body from a side, and the power during measured damaging is bursting stress.External force R works as tensile stress in a side of insulator, but is to work as compression stress at opposite side meanwhile, and it is destroyed to add the position, traumatic part when maximum tensile stress.Therefore, bursting stress that in the present invention will this moment is called to add and hinders intensity.
Can find out from 7 figure, adopt insulator 10a, 10b that rapid cooling condition makes, in, hinder the intensity height although scar adds deeply, and adopt adding of insulator 10c that slow cooling condition makes to hinder intensity low than 10a, 10b two insulators.Fig. 8 illustrates with respect to the insulator not damaged time adding of breakdown strength (nothing is hindered intensity) and hinders the curve of intensity as volume efficiency.Hinder the identical tendency of intensity even in this volume efficiency, also demonstrate with adding, for 10a and these two kinds of insulators of 10b, can be clear that, add the ratio that the intensity of hindering under the state hinders intensity under the state to nothing and reduce seldom from this volume efficiency.
(investigation)
Obtain following understanding from above result.Have at the outside left of insulator body and to be difficult under the situation that internal strain is big on the compression direction damage is caused on the surface of insulator body, even and cause damage also seldom to reduce to add the breakdown strength that the position, traumatic part is a basic point (reduction of volume efficiency).Therefore, during operation in the insulator assembling procedure, even for example when making the insulator surface damaged, the intensity that also can suppress insulator reduces, and reduces the percent defective of insulator in that tool using is careless.
Embodiment 2: the trunk footpath of insulator body and the relation between internal strain difference and the intensity
Except in refrigerating work procedure, the insulator body with different trunks footpath being adopted the different cooling rates, adopt trunk footpath and the internal strain various insulators inequality of making insulator body with embodiment 1 identical creating conditions, the internal strain of measuring the footpath central part of the trunk footpath of these insulator body and metastomium and peripheral part is poor, and and intensity between relation.
(relation of internal strain difference and strong long ratio)
Shown in Fig. 9, the surface that directly has the insulator body of different internal strain differences for trunk for 85mm, adopt shown in Figure 6 adding to hinder device to cause the degree of depth be 1.0mm, 1.5mm, and the relation between the internal strain difference of 2.0mm scar and the volume efficiency (add hinder intensity/nothing hinder intensity).Insulator body, the △ of the dark 1.0mm of symbol zero expression scar represent that insulator body, the of the dark 1.5mm of scar represent the internal strain difference and the volume efficiency of the insulator body of the dark 2.0mm of scar in the figure.In addition, curve G10L and G10U represent the upper and lower bound of volume efficiency of the insulator body of the dark 1.0mm of scar respectively, curve G15L and G15U represent the volume efficiency upper and lower bound of the insulator body of the dark 1.5mm of scar respectively, and curve G20L and G20U represent the upper and lower bound of volume efficiency of the insulator body of the dark 2.0mm of scar respectively.Can be clear that from these curves the degree of depth of scar is dark more, its volume efficiency is low more, yet even under the dark situation of scar, the internal strain difference is big more, and its volume efficiency is also high more.
About volume efficiency, with regard to experience, scar just is being considered to passable for its volume efficiency in the insulator body of 1.5mm deeply more than 50%.Therefore, among Fig. 9 a point of volume efficiency 50% usefulness horizontal line L is represented.
(relation in each trunk footpath between internal strain difference and the volume efficiency)
Curve representation scar shown in Figure 10, Figure 11 and 12 is that insulator body and the trunk of 1.5mm directly is internal strain difference in the insulator body of 85mm, 145mm, 220mm and the relation between the volume efficiency deeply.In each curve chart, volume efficiency is that 50% line represents that with a some horizontal line L can find out from each curve, volume efficiency is that the internal strain more than 50% is poor, is 150 * 10 for the trunk footpath for the insulator body of 85mm
-6More than, directly be that 145 insulator body is 270 * 10 for trunk
-5More than, be 390 * 10 directly for trunk for the insulator of 220mm
-6More than.
Among Figure 13, symbol zero expression is that 50% o'clock internal strain is poor with respect to the volume efficiency in above-mentioned each insulator body trunk footpath.If establishing the internal strain difference is Y, the trunk of establishing insulator body directly is X, and then these points are linked to be straight line and can be represented by the formula:
Y＝(1.76×10
-6)X
Therefore, be insulator more than 50% for obtaining volume efficiency, then can satisfy following formula:
Y≥(1.76×10
-6)X
Symbol * expression is as the relation between trunk footpath and the internal strain difference in the little insulator of the internal strain difference of prior art, and volume efficiency does not reach 50% in these insulator body.Can find out that thus volume efficiency is that its internal strain of insulator body more than 50% is very big.
Embodiment 3: the relation between trunk footpath and internal strain difference and the cooling rate
Except in refrigerating work procedure, the insulator body with different trunks footpath being adopted the different cooling rates, adopt with embodiment 1 identical creating conditions and make various insulators with different trunks footpath and internal strain, trunk footpath and the internal strain of measuring these insulator body are poor, and and cooling rate between relation.
(special chilling temperature zone)
With the insulator body trunk directly is that the insulator base substrate of 125mm is behind 1250 ℃ of sintering, with the cooling rate of 200 ℃/hr when sintering temperature is cooled to normal temperature, produce the tensile stress that produces in the thermal stress process in the inside of sintering insulated sub-body and be the maximum state, analyze the relation of this state and cooling procedure with well-known limited factors method.It the results are shown in the curve chart of Figure 14.Can be clear that from this curve, 600 ℃ of-500 ℃ of chilling temperature zones in refrigerating work procedure, internal stress sharply increases so that forms peak value.This phenomenon is interpreted as, because the quartz in forming in the insulator body of sintering insulated son changes into the α type from the β type, make coefficient of thermal expansion take place sharply to change, thereby internal stress increases.
Therefore, in refrigerating work procedure, 600 ℃～500 ℃ chilling temperature zone can be called special chilling temperature zone, in this chilling temperature zone, if the rapid cooling of sintering insulated son just cold crack might be taken place.Therefore, be necessary to discuss difference between the cooling in cooling in this chilling temperature zone and the chilling temperature zone before and after it.For this reason, in above-mentioned refrigerating work procedure, sintering temperature to 600 ℃ is divided into the 1st chilling temperature zone, be divided into the 2nd chilling temperature zone with 600 ℃ to 500 ℃, be divided into 3 chilling temperature zones to normal temperature, below the average cooling rate in each chilling temperature zone is discussed 500 ℃.
(average cooling rate in the 1st chilling temperature zone)
In refrigerating work procedure, setting from sintering temperature to 600 ℃ be the average cooling rate in the 1st chilling temperature zone be Za (℃/hr), 600 ° to 500 ℃ the 2nd order but average cooling rate in zone is 10 ℃/hr, 500 ℃ of average cooling rates to the 3rd chilling temperature zone of normal temperature are 50 ℃/hr, the various insulator coolings that will directly have nothing in common with each other in the trunk behind 1250 ℃ of sintering can make each insulator.Stipulate the condition in the 2nd and the 3rd chilling temperature zone, it is prerequisite that this condition should not produce cold crack with insulator body.
With the trunk footpath X of the insulator body of gained insulator and the relation between the average cooling rate, the value of internal strain difference merges and is shown among Figure 15.The internal strain difference is shown in the bracket ().The situation of cold crack takes place in the symbol among this figure * expression the 1st chilling temperature zone, and cold crack does not take place in symbol zero expression and internal strain Y satisfies
Y≥(1.76×10
-6)X
Situation (volume efficiency is more than 50%), and symbol △ represents to be in
Y＜(1.76×10
-6)
Situation (volume efficiency less than 50%).Therefore, volume efficiency height and do not produce average cooling rate Za in the 1st chilling temperature zone of cold crack in figure scope shown in Figure 15 just satisfies the cooling rate of following formula.
-1.0X+400≤Za≤-2.4X+900
(average cooling rate in the 2nd, the 3rd chilling temperature zone)
In refrigerating work procedure, will be defined as from the average cooling rate in the 1st chilling temperature zone of sintering temperature to 600 ℃: directly for the insulator below the 150mm is 400 ℃/hr, for insulator 150mm more than is 250 ℃/hr directly to trunk to trunk; Average cooling rate in 600 ℃ to 500 ℃ the 2nd chilling temperature zone is defined as Zb ℃/hr, average cooling rate the 3rd chilling temperature zone from 500 ℃ to normal temperature is defined as 50 ℃/hr, will cool off through the footpath of the trunk behind 1250 ℃ of sintering various sintering insulated son inequality to make various insulators.Some can not make insulator body produce the condition of cold crack to the 1st and the 3rd chilling temperature zoning.
With the trunk footpath X of the insulator body of gained insulator and the relation of average cooling rate Zb, the value of internal strain difference merges and is shown among Figure 16.The situation of cold crack takes place in the symbol among this figure * expression the 2nd chilling temperature zone, and the situation of cold crack does not take place in symbol zero expression.Therefore, the volume efficiency height, and also the average cooling rate Zb that does not produce in the 2nd chilling temperature zone of cold crack is the upside curve chart shown in Figure 16, just satisfies in the scope of following formula.
Zb≤-0.45X+160
Yet,, thereby be necessary to be defined in more than the appropriate value according to this average cooling rate of big young pathbreaker in trunk footpath if the time that the little refrigerating work procedure of the average cooling rate Zb of this moment needs is elongated.Rule of thumb, in the scope of the represented following formula of its lower limit downside curve in satisfying Figure 16.
-0.25X+80≤Zb
Therefore, the average cooling rate in the 2nd chilling temperature zone is preferably in satisfying the scope of following formula.
-0.25X+80≤Zb≤-0.45X+160
In addition, the 3rd chilling temperature zone from 500 ℃ to normal temperature, if adopt above cooling condition, just needn't cool off sintering insulated son lentamente, preferably equate or bigger than it with average cooling rate a kind of and in the 2nd chilling temperature zone, favourable economically average cooling rate Zc cools off, and Zc can also satisfy following formula.
Zb≤Zc
Following simple declaration accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the insulator side view as applicable object of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is heating and the cooling curve that terms and conditions in the sintering circuit of insulator and the refrigerating work procedure is made in expression.
Fig. 3 illustrates the assay method of the internal strain of insulator body in the insulator, this figure (a) is the part that cuts out and has pasted the metastomium oblique view of strain sensor state at its section that this figure (b) is by the oblique view of the tabular mensuration of posting the strain sensor part that scales off with tabular sample from metastomium from insulator body.
The internal strain at each position in the curve representation insulator body shown in Figure 4.
Bent knot expression shown in Figure 5 adds blow energy when hindering and the relation between the scar degree of depth to the insulator body surface.
Fig. 6 is the summary pie graph of hindering device that adds that uses in this.
Relation between the scar degree of depth on curve representation insulator body shown in Figure 7 surface and the bursting stress (add and hinder intensity).
The scar degree of depth on curve representation insulator body shown in Figure 8 surface and volume efficiency (add and hinder intensity/nothing and hinder relation between the intensity.
Internal strain difference in the curve representation insulator body shown in Figure 9 and the relation between the volume efficiency.
Curve representation trunk shown in Figure 10 directly is internal strain difference in the insulator body of 85mm and the relation between the volume efficiency.
Curve representation trunk shown in Figure 11 directly is internal strain difference in the insulator body of 145mm and the relation between the volume efficiency.
Cold line shown in Figure 12 represents that trunk directly is internal strain difference in the insulator body of 220mm and the relation between the volume efficiency
Curve representation volume efficiency shown in Figure 13 is the trunk footpath of 50% o'clock insulator body and the relation between the internal strain difference.
Temperature when curve representation shown in Figure 14 is analyzed the internal strain of insulator body in refrigerating work procedure and is maximum with limited factors method, the variation of time and the numerical value of trying to achieve.
The trunk footpath of curve representation insulator body shown in Figure 15 and the relation between the average cooling rate in the 1st chilling temperature zone.
The trunk footpath of curve representation insulator body shown in Figure 16 and the average order in the 2nd chilling temperature zone be the relation between the speed but.
Claims (1)
1. by the christobalite crystallization content manufacture method of the solid core insulator that constitutes of zero non-christobalite porcelain, this method has: the regulation sintering temperature that the solid core insulator base substrate that will not burn till is warming up to more than 1000 ℃ is carried out the sintering circuit of sintering and the refrigerating work procedure that the solid core insulator base substrate that sintering is crossed is cooled off; In the method, described refrigerating work procedure is divided into the 1st chilling temperature zone from above-mentioned sintering temperature to 600 ℃, from 600 ℃ to 500 ℃ the 2nd chilling temperature zones and the 3rd chilling temperature zone from 500 ℃ to normal temperature; And the pass between the Xmm of the trunk of described insulator body footpath is, the average cooling rate in the above-mentioned mat woven of fine bamboo strips 1 chilling temperature zone is set in shown in the following formula Za in the scope;
-1.0X+400≤Za≤-2.4X+900
And the average cooling rate in the 2nd chilling temperature zone is set in following formula Zb demonstration encloses;
-0.25X+80≤Zb≤-0.45X+160
And the average cooling rate in the 3rd chilling temperature zone is set in shown in the following formula Zc in the scope,
Zb≤Zc
Wherein the unit of Za, Zb, Zc is ℃/hr.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 94102325 CN1083609C (en) | 1994-03-09 | 1994-03-09 | Compact isolator and production of same |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 94102325 CN1083609C (en) | 1994-03-09 | 1994-03-09 | Compact isolator and production of same |
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|---|---|
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| CN1083609C true CN1083609C (en) | 2002-04-24 |
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