CN108349105A - 改性的木材制品和用于生产所述制品的方法 - Google Patents

改性的木材制品和用于生产所述制品的方法 Download PDF

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CN108349105A
CN108349105A CN201680056217.1A CN201680056217A CN108349105A CN 108349105 A CN108349105 A CN 108349105A CN 201680056217 A CN201680056217 A CN 201680056217A CN 108349105 A CN108349105 A CN 108349105A
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timber
resin
moisture
work
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D.梅斯
J.派诺宁
R-M.斯托德
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Stora Enso Oyj
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    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于制备改性的木材制品的方法，其中树脂处理步骤之后是热改性步骤。本发明还涉及使用所述方法生产的改性的木材制品。

Description

改性的木材制品和用于生产所述制品的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于制备改性的木材制品的方法，其中树脂处理步骤之后是热改性步骤。本发明还涉及使用所述方法生产的改性的木材制品。
背景技术
许多未处理的木材品种非常容易受到外界环境引起的影响。以持续的时间暴露于水分和/或土壤的未处理的木材会由于多种类型的微生物或昆虫的侵害而变弱。因此处理不太耐用的木材是重要的，以便提高其对水分和真菌侵害的耐受性。另外，暴露于紫外辐射的木材容易变色和变质。
存在许多不同的会提高木材的耐受性的处理方法。化学处理木材以便提高生物耐久性和强度已经使用了很长时间。可加入许多不同的化学品。这些化学品一般称作杀真菌剂并且它们可提供对导致木材变质的生物体的长期耐受性。如果正确施用，其可延长木材的有效寿命5-10倍。
其他改进木材耐受性的已知方法是在高温处理木材以对木材热改性。热改性期间，木材中发现的某些有机化合物会被去除且由此降低了真菌和腐烂在木材上繁殖的可能性。因此，通过将木材加热至特定温度，可能使木质素-纤维素纤维对真菌和昆虫的吸引力下降。热改性还可改进木材对于水分(液体和湿度)方面的性质，即较低的平衡水分含量，较低的湿变形，以及改进的耐候性。作为改性的结果，热改性的木材的一个潜在缺点是在弯曲强度和表面硬度方面的强度降低，这可能降低材料的有用的使用寿命。
WO2008/155466A1公开了一种方法，其中用树脂浸渍热改性的木材，然后是干燥和/或固化步骤。因此，对具有低水分含量的木材实施树脂处理。
RU2008139647公开了一种方法，其中在升高的压力下在浸渍步骤中使用碳酰二胺-甲醛低聚物，然后是干燥步骤，然后用脉冲磁场处理，然后在140℃-160℃的温度热处理。
US4486475公开了一种方法，其包括步骤：用改性体系浸渍木材，在疏水性传热试剂中干燥经浸渍的木材和固化木材中的浸渍体系。在相同的反应釜中在真空或降低的压力下使用相同的疏水性传热试剂实施干燥和固化过程，同时将传热试剂的温度从40℃提高至140℃。
因此需要改进的改性的木材制品。还需要改进的用于制备改性的木材制品的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目标在于提供具有改进的性质的木材制品，例如更高的稳定性、表面硬度和生物稳定性。
本发明的另一目标提供以高效的方式生产所述改性的木材的方法。
这些目标和其他优点通过根据独立权利要求的方法和制品实现。
本发明涉及用于制备改性的木材制品的方法，其中树脂处理步骤之后是热改性步骤。本发明还涉及可通过所述方法获得的改性的木材制品。
根据本发明的方法中使用的树脂溶液包含酚醛树脂、酚脲醛树脂、三聚氰胺树脂、木质素、丹宁(tannin)或其混合物。
根据本发明的方法中使用的木材的水分含量为至少10％。
热改性步骤期间，在160℃至230℃的温度下在大气压力下，或在120℃至230℃的温度下在高于大气压力的压力下加热木材。
本发明还涉及根据上述方法处理的木材。生产的木材会具有提高的强度和更低的纤维松弛。在本发明的一个实施方式中，被处理的木材为针叶木材。在本发明的一个实施方式中，被处理的木材为阔叶木材。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及用于制备改性的木材的方法，其中树脂处理步骤之后是热改性步骤。
通过在热改性之前用树脂处理木材，可获得改进的稳定性、表面硬度和生物稳定性。另外，根据本发明的方法在树脂处理之后不需要任何单独的干燥或固化步骤，由此改进了方法的效率。
在一个实施方式中，根据本发明的方法中使用的木材是新鲜的(green)未干燥过的木材。
根据本发明的方法中使用的木材的水分含量为至少10％。在本发明的一个实施方式中，水分含量为10％至20％。在另外的实施方式中，水分含量为11％至15％，比如12％至14％。在另外的实施方式中，水分含量为约12％。在一个实施方式中，水分含量接近纤维饱和点。可使用本领域已知方法测定木材的水分含量以及纤维饱和点。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，在如下条件下进行树脂处理：在升高的压力下，即高于1巴下，在室温或环境温度下，比如20℃至50℃或20℃至40℃。在一个实施方式中，树脂处理在真空中或在低于大气压力的压力下进行。在随后的热改性期间，发生树脂的完全固化和交联。
树脂溶液通常是含有1重量％至50重量％的树脂的水溶液。在本发明的一个实施方式中，树脂溶液含有10％至15％的树脂。树脂溶液的pH一般在pH3至pH7的范围内。树脂溶液可任选地含有额外组分，比如颜料、表面活性剂、固化剂、pH稳定剂和阻燃剂。
可通过刷涂，注射，喷涂，浸渍或通过浸入将树脂溶液施加在木材上。施加在木材上的树脂的量可为10-400g/m2、有利地为10-150g/m2、有利地为30-100g/m2且最有利地为约50g/m2，当作为硬化的从干物质计算时。
热改性步骤可在基本上无氧的环境进行。如果使用高温，这可为有利的，因为木材在高温容易点燃但缺氧会消除这种风险。
热改性步骤期间，在160℃至230℃的温度下在大气压力下，或在120℃至230℃的温度下在高于大气压力的压力下加热木材。在一个实施方式中，温度在大气压力下在200℃和230℃之间。
热改性步骤所需的时间取决于使用的木材，但一般在30秒至5小时的范围内，比如约1小时至2小时。对于木材的热改性的方法选择的参数取决于使用的木材和取决于最终木材制品的最终用途。
在一个实施方式中，热改性步骤期间使用温度梯度。在该实施方式中，首先在木材块的整个横截面将木材加热至一致的温度，然后快速冷却以形成温度梯度，由此木材的芯部具有比表面更高的温度。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，在热改性步骤期间之后木材可硬化(densified)。可通过向木材施加压力进行硬化。可在1-3kg/cm2的压力下进行硬化并且最大压缩(themaximum compression)应为木材的厚度的约10％。
对于硬化，优选施加压力和热这两者，因为这样的组合会改善木材的硬化。可离线、在线或线内(in-line)进行硬化，即采用根据本发明的方法的线内。如果使用离线硬化，可在热改性步骤之后使用热压。如果使用线内硬化，可使用基于辊或板的系统。可在热改性步骤期间或在热改性步骤之后进行硬化。
通过硬化木材，木材的表面会变得更加稳固(set)，即表面上的纤维与水分反应的倾向更低并且保持其原始形态。这还造成木材的表面上纤维松弛的倾向下降。表面硬度以及因此木材的硬度会被改进。
本发明还涉及根据上述方法处理的木材。生产的木材会具有改进的稳定性、表面硬度和生物稳定性，提高的轻度和较低的纤维松弛。优选被处理的木材为针叶木材。然而，也可用根据本发明的方法处理其他类别的木材，比如硬木木材。
生产出的木材可用于许多不同制品的生产，比如覆盖层、盖板(decking)、灯杆、建筑物突出部(jetty)、细木工制品、家具等。
如本文使用的术语“实木(solid wood)”定义为任意类型的木材品种的实木组分。
生产出的改性的木材制品可用于许多不同制品的生产，比如覆盖层、盖板、窗户和门的型材、灯杆、建筑物突出部、细木工制品、家具等。
鉴于本发明的以上详细描述，对于本领域技术人员来说，其他修改和变化将变得显而易见。然而，显而易见的是，可以在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下实现这样的其他修改和变化。

Claims (8)

1.用于制备改性的木材的方法，包括如下步骤：
a)对具有至少10％的水分含量的实木进行树脂处理，其中树脂溶液包含酚醛树脂、酚脲醛树脂、三聚氰胺树脂、木质素、丹宁或其混合物，然后
b)热改性步骤，其中在160℃至230℃的温度下在大气压力下，或在120℃至230℃的温度下在高于大气压力的压力下对木材进行加热。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中热改性步骤在基本上无氧的环境下发生。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中热改性步骤在高于大气压力的压力下实施。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法，其中木材具有约12％的水分含量。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法，其中木材具有约纤维饱和点的水分含量。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法，其中树脂为酚醛树脂。
7.能够根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法获得的改性的木材制品。
8.根据权利要求7所述的改性的木材制品，其中木材为针叶木材。
CN201680056217.1A 2015-09-29 2016-09-28 改性的木材制品和用于生产所述制品的方法 Pending CN108349105A (zh)

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