CN108348303B - 用于具有视觉反馈的机器人外科手术系统的输入手柄 - Google Patents
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Abstract
用于机器人手术系统的输入装置包括主体、光源和控制界面。所述主体被配置为联接到用户界面。所述控制界面各自与机器人系统的功能相关联。所述光源被配置为选择性地照亮彼此独立的控制界面中的每一个。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2015年10月30日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号62/248,548的权益和优先权,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
背景技术
机器人手术系统已经用于微创医疗程序中。在此类医疗程序期间,机器人手术系统由与用户界面交互的外科医生控制。用户界面允许外科医生操纵作用于患者的末端执行器。用户界面包括由外科医生可移动以控制机器人系统的手柄或万向节。
需要改进的反馈系统,用于在手术过程期间向外科医生提供与用户界面交互的视觉反馈。
发明内容
本发明大体上涉及用于在手术过程期间向操作机器人手术系统的临床医师提供视觉反馈的输入装置。输入装置被安装到机器人手术系统的用户界面的万向节的输入轴。当临床医师与用户界面交互时,输入装置向临床医师提供光或视觉反馈。
在本发明的一个方面,机器人手术装置包括多个机器人臂、手术器械检测系统、用户输入装置和处理单元。每个机器人臂被配置为在至少三个维度上操作附接到其的手术器械。手术器械检测系统被配置为识别每个机器人臂的手术器械。用户输入装置可以在至少三个维度上操作并具有对用户可见的第一可照亮特征。处理单元被配置为选择性地将用户输入装置与机器人臂中的一个相关联,以基于对应检测到的用户输入装置的操纵来操纵附接到机器人臂的手术器械,并基于与用户输入装置相关联的相应机器人臂的手术器械的状态选择性地照亮用户输入装置的第一可照亮特征。手术器械可以选择性地从相应的机器人臂移除。
在一些方面,基于相应机器人臂的状态来选择性照亮用户输入装置的第一可照亮特征。选择性照亮第一可照亮特征包括以多种照亮图案或多种照亮颜色照亮第一可照亮特征,包括但不限于稳定、短闪烁、长闪烁、变化闪烁、交替颜色或稳定颜色。可基于附接到相应臂的手术器械的类型来选择多种照亮图案或颜色。
在特定方面,选择性照亮第一可照亮特征包括:基于附接到相应臂的手术器械的状态以多种照亮图案照亮第一可照亮特征,并基于附接到相应臂的手术器械的类型以多种照亮颜色照亮第一可照亮特征。可选地,选择性照亮第一可照亮特征包括:基于附接到相应臂的手术器械的状态以多种照亮颜色照亮第一可照亮特征;并基于附接到相应臂的手术器械的类型照亮第一可照亮特征。
在某些方面,用户输入装置包括对用户可见的第二可照亮特征。第一可照亮特征可以响应于附接到相应臂的手术器械的类型被照亮,并且第二可照亮特征可以响应于附接到相应臂的手术器械的状态被照亮。
在本发明的另一方面,用于机器人手术系统的输入装置包括主体、至少一个光源以及多个控制界面。主体被配置为联接到用户界面。多个控制界面中的每一个都与机器人系统的功能相关联。至少一个光源被配置为选择性地照亮彼此独立的多个控制界面中的每一个。
在多个方面,至少一个光源包括设置在主体内的第一光源和第二光源。第一光源可以被配置为用具有第一波长的光照亮多个控制界面中的相应一个,并且第二光源可以被配置为用具有不同于第一波长的第二波长的光照亮多个控制界面中的相应一个。
在一些方面,所述至少一个光源可以被配置成照亮主体。主体可以至少部分由半透明材料构成。
在某些方面,多个控制界面包括多个瓣部,该瓣部围绕主体的第一端部径向设置。至少一个光源可以包括设置在多个瓣部中的每一个中的光源。至少一个光源可以包括设置在多个瓣部中的相应一个中的第一光源和第二光源。第一光源可以被配置为用具有第一波长的光照亮多个瓣部中的相应一个,并且第二光源可以被配置为用具有不同于第一波长的第二波长的光照亮多个瓣部中的相应一个。
在特定方面,至少一个光源被配置为响应于机器人手术系统的状况或状态而改变照亮多个控制界面的光的特性。光的特性可以是颜色、强度、图案或其组合。当与多个控制界面中的相应一个相关联的机器人手术系统的功能是可激活的时,至少一个光源可以被配置为照亮多个控制界面中的相应一个。至少一个光源可以用发光二极管产生光。
在本发明的另一方面,机器人手术系统包括机器人系统、处理单元和用户界面。机器人系统被配置为对患者进行手术。处理单元与机器人系统通信以向机器人系统发送控制信号并接收来自机器人系统的反馈信号。用户界面与处理单元通信以响应于来自用户的输入来生成控制信号,并响应于反馈信号向用户提供反馈。用户界面包括控制臂和联接到控制臂的输入装置。输入装置包括主体、至少一个光源和多个控制界面。主体联接到控制臂。多个控制界面的每一个与机器人系统的至少一个功能相关联。至少一个光源被配置为响应于反馈信号选择性地照亮多个控制界面。
在多个方面,至少一个光源被配置成响应于反馈信号照亮输入装置的多个控制界面中的相应一个。至少一个光源可以被配置为响应于反馈信号照亮输入装置的主体。反馈信号可以指示机器人系统的状态。响应于机器人手术系统的状态,至少一个光源被配置为照亮主体或多个控制界面中的相应一个。
在本发明的另一方面,一种用视觉反馈控制机器人手术系统的方法包括:操纵联接到机器人手术系统的用户界面的输入装置,以操纵机器人手术系统的工具,利用反馈控制器从机器人手术系统的处理单元接收反馈信号,以及响应于反馈信号激活光源以照亮输入装置的部分以提供机器人手术系统的状况的指示。反馈控制与设置在输入装置内的光源通信。
在多个方面,响应于反馈信号激活光源包括:响应于机器人手术系统的第一状况照亮输入装置的第一控制界面,以及响应于机器人手术系统的第二状况照亮输入装置的第二控制界面。第一控制界面可以不同于第二控制界面。响应于反馈信号激活光源可以包括改变由光源产生的光的特性。光的特性可以包括但不限于颜色、强度、图案或其组合。
下面参照附图更详细地描述本发明的示例性实施例的更多细节和方面。
附图说明
以下参照附图描述本发明的各个方面,附图被并入且构成本说明书的一部分,其中:
图1是根据本发明的用户界面和机器人系统的示意图;
图2是附接到图1的用户界面的万向节的用户装置的放大透视图;以及
图3是图2的输入装置的放大透视图。
具体实施方式
现在参照附图详细描述本发明的实施例,其中在几个视图中的每个中相同的附图标记表示相同或相应的元件。如本文所使用的,术语“临床医师”是指医生、护士或任何其它护理提供者,并且可以包括支持人员。在整个说明书中,术语“近侧”是指装置或其构件的最靠近临床医师的部分,并且术语“远侧”是指装置或其构件的离临床医师最远的部分。
本发明大体上涉及用于在手术过程期间向操作机器人手术系统的临床医师提供视觉反馈的输入装置。输入装置被安装到机器人手术系统的用户界面的万向节的输入轴。当临床医师与用户界面交互时,输入装置向临床医师提供光或视觉反馈。
参考图1,机器人手术系统1大体上被显示为机器人系统10、处理单元30和用户界面40。机器人系统10大体上包括连杆12和机器人基座18。连杆12可移动地支撑端部执行器或工具20,其被配置为作用于组织。连杆12可以是臂的形式,每个臂具有端部14,端部14支撑被配置为作用于组织的端部执行器或工具20。另外,臂12的端部14可以包括用于对手术部位“S”成像的成像装置16。臂12的端部14可以包括工具检测系统,该工具检测系统识别被支撑或附接到臂12的端部14的手术器械的类型。用户界面40通过处理单元30与机器人基部18通信。
用户界面40包括显示装置44,其被配置为显示手术部位“S”的图像,该图像可以包括由定位在臂12的端部14上的成像装置16捕获的数据和/或包括由定位在手术室四周的成像装置(例如定位在手术部位“S”内的成像装置、定位在患者“P”附近的成像装置、定位在成像臂52的远端处的成像装置56)捕获的数据。成像装置(例如成像装置16、56)可以捕获手术部位“S”的视觉图像、红外图像、超声图像、X射线图像、热图像和/或任何其它已知的实时图像。成像装置将捕获的成像数据发送到处理单元30,处理单元30从成像数据实时创建手术部位“S”的图像(例如三维图像),并将图像发送到显示装置44以进行显示。
用户界面40还包括输入手柄或万向节43,其允许临床医师操纵机器人系统10(例如移动臂12、臂12的端部14和/或工具20)。每个万向节43被支撑在控制臂42的端部处并且与处理单元30通信以向其发送控制信号并从其接收反馈信号。另外参考图2,每个万向节43包括控制界面或输入装置60,其允许外科医生操纵(例如夹紧、抓握、击发、打开、关闭、旋转、推、切等)在臂12的端部14处支撑的工具20。
每个万向节43是可移动的,以在手术部位“S”内移动臂12的端部14。显示装置44上的图像被定向,使得万向节43的移动令臂12的端部14如在显示装置44上所看到的那样移动。应该理解,显示装置上的图像的方向可以被镜像或相对于患者“P”上方的视野旋转。另外,应该理解,显示装置44上的图像的尺寸可以被缩放成大于或小于手术部位“S”的实际结构,从而允许外科医生更好地观察手术部位“S”内的结构。当万向节43移动时,工具20在手术部位“S”内移动。工具20的移动还可以包括支撑工具20的臂12的端部14的移动。
对于机器人手术系统1的构造和操作的详细讨论,可以参考美国专利号8,828,023,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
现在参考图3,根据本发明提供的输入装置60包括主体62和多个控制界面或瓣部72-78。主体62可以是可压缩的,以控制工具20的功能(例如钳口朝向彼此的移动)。每个瓣部72-78可以与工具20、成像装置16、56或用户界面40的功能相关联。例如一个瓣部(例如瓣部75)可以使用户界面40的移动与工具20的移动离合,另一个瓣部(例如瓣部72)可以使成像装置16、56放大或缩小,另一个瓣部(例如瓣部73)可以控制来自工具20的电外科能量的递送,以及另一个瓣部(例如瓣部76)可致动工具20的刀。
输入装置60包括一个或多个可照亮特征或光源70。光源70可以设置在主体62内或在瓣部72-78内。光源70被配置为选择性地照亮主体62的部分和/或瓣部72-78以向与输入装置60交互的临床医师提供视觉反馈。光源70可以是LED灯,其被选择性地由反馈控制器64激活,该反馈控制器64与处理单元30(图1)通信。每个光源70可以与主体62的一个或多个部分和/或一个或多个瓣部72-78相关联。光源70可以用不同波长或颜色的光照亮主体62的部分和/或瓣部72-78。另外地或可选地,反馈控制器64可以改变由光源70提供的光的强度和/或图案。输入装置60的主体62可以由透明或半透明材料制成,例如聚碳酸酯,其允许通过每个光源70产生的视觉指示透过主体62可见。
可以设想,可以基于附接到与相应输入装置60相关联的臂12的端部14的工具20的类型(例如钉书机、内窥镜、抓紧器、电外科工具等),来配置瓣部72-78和/或主体62的部分的照亮。
视觉反馈可以指示机器人手术系统1的状态或状况。响应于来自处理单元30的反馈信号,反馈控制器64激活输入装置60的视觉反馈。反馈控制器64可以唯一地激活用于机器人手术系统1的每种状况的光源70。反馈控制器64可以针对机器人手术系统1的每种状况改变光源70的颜色、波长、强度或图案。例如,当输入装置60接近移动极限时,反馈控制器64可以激活光源70以具有0.25秒间隔的闪光来照亮瓣部75,然后当输入装置60达到移动极限表明输入装置60必须被离合以使工具20继续移动时,激活光源70以稳定的光照亮瓣部75。另外地或可选地,当输入装置60接近移动极限时,反馈控制器64可以激活光源70以黄光照亮瓣部75,并且当输入装置60达到移动极限表明输入装置必须被离合以使工具20继续移动时,激活光源70以红光照亮瓣部75。
主体62或瓣部72-78也可以提供关于工具20的模式的视觉反馈。例如当工具20处于烧灼模式时,反馈控制器64可以照亮瓣部73,并且当工具20处于u型部燃烧模式(staplefiring mode)时可以照亮瓣部77(图2)。可以设想,反馈控制器64可以为临床医师定制。另外地或可选地,反馈控制器64可以改变照亮整个主体62或主体62的一部分(例如近侧部分62a或远侧部分62b)的光的波长或颜色,以指示工具20或机器人手术系统1的模式。例如,当输入装置60正常操作时,主体62可以用绿灯照亮,当输入装置60被保持以用于完成工具20的功能(例如施加电外科能量或u型部的燃烧)时,可以用蓝光照亮,并且当机器人手术系统1的状况存在错误时,可以用红光照亮。
机器人手术系统1的状况可以包括但不限于:工具20到达范围的末端、输入装置60被接合或脱离、需要离合输入装置60、输入装置60被切换到相机控制状态、工具20的状态或模式改变(例如烧灼模式、u型部燃烧模式)、在显示器44上存在消息、工具20被改变、碰撞避免(例如工具20的碰撞)、工具20接近目标、工具20接触结构、工具20的振动、工具20的抓握力的测量。可以设想,机器人手术系统1的状况可以包括患者“P”的状态(例如患者“P”的生命体征)和/或临床医师的状态(例如机器人手术系统1可以包括临床医师注意力监测器(未示出),其提供临床医师的注视方向的反馈)。反馈控制器64可激活输入装置60的视觉、听觉、振动或触觉、以及力反馈。
反馈控制器64可以与强度度盘68通信,该强度度盘68允许临床医师选择光源70的光强度。如图所示,强度度盘68是定位于输入装置60上的旋转开关;然而,可以设想,强度度盘68可以定位于输入装置60上或者可以通过用户界面的显示器44(例如在屏幕菜单上)访问。还可以设想,强度度盘68可以是拨动开关、滑动开关、跳线开关或按钮开关。强度度盘68可以包括用于光源70的高强度、中等强度和低强度设置。
在本文中详细描述的无线连接(例如在反馈控制器64和处理单元30之间)可以经由射频、光学、WIFI、(开放式无线协议,用于从固定和移动设备短距离(使用短长度无线电波)交换数据、创建个人区域网络(PAN))、(用于一套高级通信协议的规范,使用基于无线个人区域网络IEEE 802.15.4-2003标准的小型低功率数字无线电(WPAN))等等。
尽管在附图中已经示出了本发明的若干实施例,但是本发明不意图限于此,因为本发明旨在与本领域将允许的范围一样宽,并且同样地阅读说明书。上述实施例的任何组合也被设想并且在所附权利要求的范围内。因此,以上描述不应该被解释为限制,而仅仅是作为特定实施例的示例。本领域技术人员将想到在所附权利要求的范围内的其它修改。
Claims (23)
1.一种机器人手术装置,其包含:
多个机器人臂,所述多个机器人臂中的每一个机器人臂被配置为在至少三个维度上操纵附接到其上的手术器械;
手术器械检测系统,其被配置为识别所述多个机器人臂中的每个机器人臂的手术器械;
用户输入装置,其可在至少三个维度上操作,所述用户输入装置具有:对其用户可见的第一可照亮特征;主体,其被配置为联接到用户界面;以及围绕所述主体的第一端部径向设置的多个瓣部;和
处理单元,其被配置为选择性地将所述用户输入装置与所述多个机器人臂中的相应机器人臂相关联,以基于相应的检测到的所述用户输入装置的操纵来操纵附接到所述相应机器人臂的手术器械,并基于与所述用户输入装置相关联的所述相应机器人臂的所述手术器械的状态,选择性地照亮所述用户输入装置的所述第一可照亮特征。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机器人手术装置,其中,所述手术器械中的至少一个选择性地从所述多个机器人臂中的相应机器人臂移除。
3.根据权利要求1所述的机器人手术装置,其中,基于所述相应机器人臂的状态,选择性地照亮所述用户输入装置的所述第一可照亮特征。
4.根据权利要求1所述的机器人手术装置,其中,选择性地照亮所述第一可照亮特征包括以多种照亮图案或多种照亮颜色中的至少一种照亮所述第一可照亮特征,所述多种照亮图案包括稳定、短闪烁、长闪烁或变化闪烁,所述多种照亮颜色包括交替颜色或稳定颜色。
5.根据权利要求4所述的机器人手术装置,其中,基于附接到所述相应臂的手术器械的类型,选择所述多种照亮图案或所述多种照亮颜色中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的机器人手术装置,其中,选择性地照亮所述第一可照亮特征包括:基于附接到所述相应臂的手术器械的状态,以多种照亮图案中的至少一种照亮所述第一可照亮特征,所述多种照亮图案包括稳定、短闪烁、长闪烁或变化闪烁中的至少一种,以及基于附接到所述相应臂的所述手术器械的类型,以多种照亮颜色中的至少一种照亮所述第一可照亮特征,所述多种照亮颜色包括交替颜色或稳定颜色。
7.根据权利要求1所述的机器人手术装置,其中,选择性地照亮所述第一可照亮特征包括:基于附接到所述相应臂的所述手术器械的状态,以多种照亮颜色中的至少一种照亮所述第一可照亮特征,所述多种照亮颜色包括交替颜色或稳定颜色,以及基于附接到所述相应臂的手术器械的类型,以多种照亮图案中的至少一种照亮所述第一可照亮特征,所述多种照亮图案包括稳定、短闪烁、长闪烁或变化闪烁中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的机器人手术装置,其中,所述用户输入装置包括对于其用户可见的第二可照亮特征,其中响应于附接到所述相应臂的所述手术器械的类型而照亮所述第一可照亮特征,并且响应于附接到所述相应臂的所述手术器械的状态而照亮所述第二可照亮特征。
9.一种用于机器人手术系统的输入装置,所述输入装置包含:
主体,其被配置为联接到用户界面;
至少一个光源;和
多个控制界面,每个所述控制界面都与所述机器人手术系统的至少一个功能相关联,所述至少一个光源被配置为响应于所述机器人手术系统的状态而选择性地照亮彼此独立的所述多个控制界面中的每一个,
其中,所述多个控制界面包括围绕所述主体的第一端部径向设置的多个瓣部。
10.根据权利要求9所述的输入装置,其中,所述至少一个光源包括设置在所述主体内的第一光源和第二光源。
11.根据权利要求10所述的输入装置,其中,所述第一光源被配置为以具有第一波长的光照亮所述多个控制界面中的相应一个,并且所述第二光源被配置为以不同于所述第一波长的第二波长的光照亮所述多个控制界面中的所述相应一个。
12.根据权利要求9所述的输入装置,其中,所述至少一个光源被配置为照亮所述主体。
13.根据权利要求9所述的输入装置,其中,所述主体的至少一部分由半透明材料构成。
14.根据权利要求9所述的输入装置,其中,所述至少一个光源包括设置在所述多个瓣部中的每一个中的光源。
15.根据权利要求9所述的输入装置,其中,所述至少一个光源包括设置在所述多个瓣部中的相应一个中的第一光源和第二光源。
16.根据权利要求15所述的输入装置,其中,所述第一光源被配置为以具有第一波长的光照亮所述多个瓣部中的所述相应一个,并且所述第二光源被配置为以具有不同于所述第一波长的第二波长的光照亮所述多个瓣部中的所述相应一个。
17.根据权利要求9所述的输入装置,其中所述至少一个光源被配置为响应于所述机器人手术系统的状况或状态而改变照亮所述多个控制界面的光的特性,所述光的特性选自由以下组成的组:颜色、强度、图案及其组合。
18.根据权利要求9所述的输入装置,其中,当与所述多个控制界面中的相应一个相关联的所述机器人手术系统的功能是可激活的时,所述至少一个光源被配置为照亮所述多个控制界面中的所述相应一个。
19.根据权利要求9所述的输入装置,其中,所述至少一个光源利用发光二极管产生光。
20.一种机器人手术系统,其包含:
用于对患者进行手术的机器人系统;
与所述机器人系统通信的处理单元,其被配置为向所述机器人系统发送控制信号并从所述机器人系统接收反馈信号;和
与所述处理单元通信的用户界面,所述用户界面被配置为响应于来自用户的输入而生成所述控制信号,并响应于所述反馈信号向所述用户提供反馈,所述用户界面包括:
控制臂;和
联接到所述控制臂的输入装置,所述输入装置包括:
主体,其联接到所述控制臂;
至少一个光源;和
多个控制界面,每个控制界面都与所述机器人手术系统的至少一个功能相关联,所述至少一个光源被配置为响应于来自所述机器人手术系统的所述反馈信号而选择性地照亮所述多个控制界面,
其中,所述多个控制界面包括围绕所述主体的第一端部径向设置的多个瓣部。
21.根据权利要求20所述的机器人手术系统,其中,所述至少一个光源被配置为响应于所述反馈信号而照亮所述输入装置的所述多个控制界面中的相应一个。
22.根据权利要求20所述的机器人手术系统,其中,所述至少一个光源被配置为响应于所述反馈信号而照亮所述输入装置的所述主体。
23.根据权利要求20所述的机器人手术系统,其中,所述反馈信号指示所述机器人系统的状态。
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