CN108344611B - Manufacturing method of dumbbell-shaped micron fiber tensile sample with controllable gauge length - Google Patents

Manufacturing method of dumbbell-shaped micron fiber tensile sample with controllable gauge length Download PDF

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CN108344611B
CN108344611B CN201810245423.8A CN201810245423A CN108344611B CN 108344611 B CN108344611 B CN 108344611B CN 201810245423 A CN201810245423 A CN 201810245423A CN 108344611 B CN108344611 B CN 108344611B
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dumbbell
corrosion
gauge length
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CN108344611A (en
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张学习
李建超
钱明芳
商成
耿林
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
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    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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Abstract

The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a dumbbell-shaped micron fiber tensile sample with controllable gauge length, and relates to a fiber tensile property test method. The invention aims to solve the problem that the accuracy of the test result of the tensile strength and the elongation of the small-size fiber is low in the direct test. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, ultrasonically cleaning fibers by using an organic solvent, removing oil stains and dust on the surface, placing the fibers on clean filter paper, and heating the fibers in a drying box; secondly, carrying out electrochemical corrosion or chemical corrosion on the middle part of the fiber by adopting a corrosive agent; and thirdly, removing the corrosive agent, quickly cleaning the mixture by using distilled water, ultrasonically cleaning the mixture by using an organic solvent, placing the mixture on clean filter paper, and placing the filter paper into a drying box for heating. The fiber gauge length processed by the method is uniform in diameter, controllable in gauge length, good in gauge surface quality, and smooth in the transition area between the gauge section and the clamping section.

Description

Manufacturing method of dumbbell-shaped micron fiber tensile sample with controllable gauge length
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fiber tensile test method, and belongs to a manufacturing method of a dumbbell-shaped micron fiber tensile sample with controllable gauge length.
Background
The tensile mechanical property test method is one of the basic methods for testing the material performance. With the continuous development of science and technology, the requirement for accurate testing of the tensile mechanical property of a micron-sized fiber sample is gradually increased. The sample for tensile test is generally dumbbell-shaped, the clamp clamps the parts (clamping sections) with larger cross sections at two ends of the sample before the tensile test, and the cross section size of the middle gauge length section is smaller than that of the clamping part, so that only the material within the gauge length range is deformed under the action of tensile stress; in addition, the clamping section and the gauge length section of the tensile sample need to be in smooth transition so as to avoid the stress concentration phenomenon in the tensile process.
Conventional cm and mm sized dumbbell tensile specimens can be manufactured by machining. However, small-sized fiber materials having a diameter of several hundred micrometers or less cannot be manufactured by a conventional machining method due to low rigidity. If the fiber sample is not prepared into a dumbbell shape, the tensile property test is carried out after the fiber sample is directly clamped, stress concentration is generated at the clamping part, so that the material fails at the clamping position, and the mechanical property test result is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that when the tensile mechanical property is directly tested by the micron-scale fiber, stress concentration and early fracture are generated at a clamping end to cause low elongation and tensile strength of the material, and the elongation calculation is inaccurate due to inaccurate length estimation of a deformation area, the invention provides a fiber tensile sample with controllable gauge length and uniform gauge section diameter by a chemical/electrochemical corrosion method, and solves the problem that the test result of the tensile strength and the elongation of the small-size fiber in the direct test is low in accuracy.
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a dumbbell-shaped micron fiber tensile sample with controllable gauge length, which is completed by the following steps:
firstly, ultrasonically cleaning fibers by using an organic solvent, removing oil stains and dust on the surface, placing the fibers on clean filter paper, and heating the fibers in a drying box (removing the organic solvent on the surface);
step two, carrying out electrochemical corrosion or chemical corrosion on the middle part of the fiber by adopting a corrosive agent;
and step three, removing the corrosive agent, quickly cleaning with distilled water, ultrasonically cleaning with an organic solvent, placing on clean filter paper, and heating in a drying oven to obtain the dumbbell-shaped micron fiber tensile sample.
Further limiting, the organic solvent in the first step is absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone; carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 3-10 min under the conditions that the ultrasonic power is 300 +/-100W and the frequency is 30 +/-5 KHz; the drying box is heated at 50-80 ℃ for 5 min.
Further limiting, the organic solvent in the third step is absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone; carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 3-10 min under the conditions that the ultrasonic power is 300 +/-100W and the frequency is 30 +/-5 KHz; the drying box is heated at 50-80 ℃ for 5 min.
Further inject, step two the used device of electrochemical corrosion includes the negative pole, the positive pole, holding piece and riser, the one end swing joint of positive pole is on the riser, the other end equipartition a plurality ofly with fibrous shape assorted recess and the tip can be dismantled and set up the holding piece, set up on the corresponding position of holding piece and anode plate upper groove with fibrous shape assorted recess, the positive pole is for riser up-and-down motion, negative pole fixed connection is on the riser, the negative pole sets up in the positive pole below, be provided with the through-hole under the negative pole upper groove, the through-hole diameter is 5 ~ 20 times of fiber diameter, all set up the terminal on negative pole and the positive pole. The anode plate can be made of metal with good conductivity (such as copper, aluminum and the like), the cathode is made of inert metal (such as silver), and the vertical plate is made of non-conductive plastic (such as polytetrafluoroethylene and the like).
Further limiting, the fiber is a graphene reinforced aluminum-based composite material fiber, the middle part of the fiber is treated by electrochemical corrosion, and the corrosive used in the second step is prepared from phosphoric acid (mass fraction 85%), absolute ethyl alcohol (mass fraction > 99.7%), copper sulfate solution (mass fraction 10%) and distilled water; the dosage of phosphoric acid (mass fraction is 85%) in 100ml electrolyte solution is 15 + -1 ml, the dosage of absolute ethyl alcohol (mass fraction is more than 99.7%) is 25 + -1 ml, the dosage of copper sulfate solution (mass fraction is 20%) is 35 + -1 ml, and the rest is distilled water.
Further limiting, the electrochemical corrosion power supply in the second step is a direct current power supply, the electrochemical corrosion process is carried out in an environment without wind and at a temperature of 25 +/-5 ℃, the fibers are graphene reinforced aluminum matrix composite fibers, the adopted corrosion voltage is 5-25V, and the anode current density is 0.001-0.01A/mm2。
And further limiting, heating the chemical corrosion in the step two by using a water bath, and carrying out ultrasonic assistance in the corrosion process, wherein the water bath temperature is 30-80 ℃, the ultrasonic power is 300 +/-100W, and the frequency is 30 +/-5 KHz.
And further limiting, the fiber is NiTi fiber, the middle part of the fiber is treated by chemical corrosion, the corrosive used in the second step is prepared from nitric acid (mass fraction of 68%), hydrofluoric acid (mass fraction of 40%), hydrochloric acid (mass fraction of 38%) and distilled water, wherein in every 100ml of corrosive liquid, the dosage of sulfuric acid is 35 +/-1 ml, the dosage of hydrofluoric acid is 5 +/-0.5 ml, the dosage of hydrochloric acid is 10 +/-0.5 ml, and the balance is distilled water.
Further limiting, the fibers are graphene reinforced aluminum matrix composite fibers, the middle part of the fibers is treated by chemical corrosion, and the corrosive used in the second step is prepared from sulfuric acid (mass fraction 98%), phosphoric acid (mass fraction 85%), nitric acid (mass fraction 68%) and distilled water; wherein, in 50ml of corrosive liquid, the dosage of sulfuric acid (mass fraction of 98%) is 10 plus or minus 1ml, the dosage of phosphoric acid (mass fraction of 85%) is 128 plus or minus 1ml, the dosage of nitric acid (mass fraction of 68%) is 12 plus or minus 0.5ml, and the rest is distilled water.
Further limiting, the device adopted by the chemical corrosion in the step two is made of corrosion-resistant materials and comprises a water bath, a corrosion tank and an ultrasonic device, wherein the ultrasonic device is arranged on the outer wall of the water bath; corrode the groove and set up in the water bath, corrode the corresponding position on the relative cell wall of groove and open a set of or multiunit hole respectively, the diameter in hole is 1.2 ~ 2 times of original fibre (do not handle the fibre promptly) diameter, and the fibre passes the hole of corroding relative setting on the groove, and outside the fibrous both sides stretched out the corrosion groove, stretched out and corrode the groove part and fix with the rubber buffer and block up the hole with the rubber buffer.
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a small-size fiber tensile sample with controllable gauge length and micrometer-scale diameter by adopting a chemical/electrochemical corrosion method. The tensile sample manufactured by the invention has controllable gauge length, uniform diameter in the gauge range and smooth transition between the gauge section and the clamping section, can be used for tensile property measurement, and improves the accuracy of the test result. The manufacturing method is suitable for manufacturing tensile samples of materials such as pure metals, alloys, metal composite materials and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is SEM macro morphology of tensile sample of nickel-titanium alloy (NiTi) fiber and graphene reinforced aluminum (GNP/Al) composite fiber manufactured by chemical corrosion method;
FIG. 2 is an SEM topography of the NiTi fiber and GNP/Al composite fiber gauge length section of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of the transition zone of the NiTi fiber and the GNP/Al composite fiber of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is SEM morphology of tensile sample of GNP/Al composite material manufactured by electrochemical corrosion method;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of an apparatus for making a fiber tensile specimen by a chemical etching process;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of part A of the chemical etching apparatus;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of an apparatus for making a fiber sample by electrochemical corrosion;
FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of an etching apparatus; in the figure 5-8, 1 is an etching groove, 2 is a corrosive agent, 3 is a fiber, 4 is a rubber plug, 5 is a water bath, 6 is a gauge length area, 7 is a transition area, 8 is a clamping area, 11 is a cathode, 12 is an anode, 13 is a clamping sheet, 14 is a vertical plate, 15 is a long hole, 16 is a binding post, 17 is a through hole, 18 is a corrosive agent, and 19 is a bolt.
Detailed Description
In a first specific embodiment, a chemical etching process is adopted to manufacture a dumbbell-shaped micron fiber tensile sample with controllable gauge length, the processed object is NiTi fiber, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, ultrasonically cleaning fibers for 3min by absolute ethyl alcohol under the conditions that the ultrasonic power is 300W and the frequency is 30KHz, removing oil stains and dust on the surfaces, placing the fibers on clean filter paper, placing the fibers in a drying box, heating the fibers for 5min at the temperature of 50 ℃, and removing organic solvents on the surfaces;
step two, carrying out chemical corrosion on the middle part of the fiber by adopting a corrosive agent;
and step three, removing the corrosive agent, quickly cleaning with distilled water, then ultrasonically cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol for 3min under the conditions of ultrasonic power of 300W and frequency of 30KHz, placing on clean filter paper, placing in a drying box, and heating for 5min at 50 ℃ to obtain the dumbbell-shaped micron fiber tensile sample.
The corrosive used in the second step is prepared from nitric acid (mass fraction 68%), hydrofluoric acid (mass fraction 40%), hydrochloric acid (mass fraction 38%) and distilled water, wherein in every 100ml of corrosive liquid, the dosage of sulfuric acid is 35ml, the dosage of hydrofluoric acid is 5ml, the dosage of hydrochloric acid is 10ml, and the balance is distilled water.
The device adopted by the chemical corrosion is made of corrosion-resistant materials and comprises a water bath, a corrosion tank and an ultrasonic device, wherein the ultrasonic device is arranged on the outer wall of the water bath; corrode the groove and set up in the water bath, corrode the corresponding position on the relative cell wall of groove and open a set of or multiunit hole respectively, the diameter in hole is 1.2 ~ 2 times of original fibre (do not handle the fibre promptly) diameter, and the fibre passes the hole of corroding relative setting on the groove, and outside the fibrous both sides stretched out the corrosion groove, stretched out and corrode the groove part and fix with the rubber buffer and block up the hole with the rubber buffer.
The chemical etching device is schematically shown in FIG. 5. The corrosion tank 1 is square and made of corrosion-resistant plastic or resin. The internal width of the corrosion groove is selected according to the gauge length (the gauge length of the tensile sample is equal to the internal width of the corrosion groove), and the wall thickness of the corrosion groove is selected according to the length of the transition region of the tensile sample (the length of the transition region of the tensile sample is equal to the wall thickness of the corrosion groove). According to the original diameter of the fiber, small holes with the diameter being 1.2-2 times of the original fiber diameter are drilled at the two sides of the corrosion groove, and the small holes at the two sides are ensured to be on the same straight line.
The method for mounting the fiber of the present embodiment:
the fiber penetrates through small holes at two sides of the corrosion groove; and adjusting the fiber position according to the length of the clamping end part of the fiber tensile sample, so that the length of the fibers exposed from two sides of the corrosion groove meets the requirement. The rubber plug is used for plugging the contact part of the fibers on the two sides of the corrosion groove and the corrosion groove, so that the corrosive agent is prevented from flowing out. The installation of the fibre is schematically shown in figure 6.
The corrosive agent used in the NiTi fibers in this example was prepared from nitric acid (mass fraction of 68%), hydrofluoric acid (mass fraction of 40%), hydrochloric acid (mass fraction of 38%), and distilled water. Each 100ml of the etching solution contains 3ml of sulfuric acid, 5ml of hydrofluoric acid and 10ml of hydrochloric acid, and the balance is distilled water.
And (3) filling the corrosive into the corrosion tank to ensure that the corrosive submerges the fiber yarns. Placing the corrosion tank into an ultrasonic device capable of heating in a water bath, wherein the water bath temperature is 50 ℃, the ultrasonic assistance (ultrasonic power is 300W, and frequency is 30KHz) is carried out in the corrosion process, and the purpose of applying the ultrasonic is to eliminate local concentration difference, inhibit the pitting corrosion on the surface of the fiber, improve the corrosion uniformity, accelerate the diffusion of a corrosion product into a solution and improve the corrosion rate; the erosion time is determined according to the diameter value required by the gauge length section.
When the fibers are graphene reinforced aluminum matrix composite fibers, the corrosive used in the second step is prepared from sulfuric acid (mass fraction of 98%), phosphoric acid (mass fraction of 85%), nitric acid (mass fraction of 68%) and distilled water; wherein, in 50ml of corrosive liquid, the dosage of sulfuric acid (mass fraction of 98%) is 10ml, the dosage of phosphoric acid (mass fraction of 85%) is 128ml, the dosage of nitric acid (mass fraction of 68%) is 12ml, and the rest is distilled water.
In the second embodiment, an electrochemical corrosion process is adopted to manufacture the dumbbell-shaped micron fiber tensile sample with controllable gauge length, and the processed object is graphene reinforced aluminum matrix composite fiber, which is specifically performed according to the following steps:
step one, ultrasonically cleaning fibers for 10min by using acetone under the conditions of ultrasonic power of 400W and frequency of 35KHz, removing oil stains and dust on the surfaces, placing the fibers on clean filter paper, placing the fibers in a drying box, heating the fibers for 5min at the temperature of 80 ℃, and removing organic solvents on the surfaces;
step two, carrying out electrochemical corrosion on the middle part of the fiber by adopting a corrosive agent;
and step three, removing the corrosive agent, quickly cleaning with distilled water, then ultrasonically cleaning with acetone for 10min under the conditions of the ultrasonic power of 400W and the frequency of 35KHz, placing on clean filter paper, placing in a drying box, and heating for 5min at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain the dumbbell-shaped microfiber tensile sample.
Wherein, the electrochemical corrosion device adopted in the second step is composed of a vertical plate, a cathode, an anode, a fiber clamping sheet and the like, as shown in fig. 7. The anode plate is made of metal with good conductivity (such as copper, aluminum and the like), the cathode is made of inert corrosion-resistant metal (such as silver), and the vertical plate is made of non-conductive plastic (such as polytetrafluoroethylene and the like). The cathode and the anode are fixed on the vertical plate through bolts, wherein the anode plate is fixed in the U-shaped groove on the vertical plate, and the distance between the cathode and the anode plate can be adjusted. And drilling small holes with the diameter 5-20 times of the original fiber diameter on the cathode plate, wherein the thickness of the cathode plate is designed according to the gauge length of the tensile sample (the thickness of the cathode plate is equal to the length of the fiber gauge length plus 0.2-0.4 mm). The anode plate is provided with a V-shaped groove at the position corresponding to the axis of the cathode small hole for determining the position of the fiber. The fiber is fixed in a V-shaped groove on the anode by adopting a sheet with good elasticity (such as titanium alloy and the like) and a bolt. An adjustable direct current power supply is adopted to apply voltage to two ends of the fiber, the maximum voltage which can be applied by the power supply is 30-50V, and the maximum current is 3-5A.
Further, the fiber installation process is as follows: fixing the fibers in the V-shaped groove of the anode plate, adjusting the positions of the fibers and the anode to enable the position on the fibers expected to be corroded to fall in the cathode tiny hole, and fastening the fastening bolt of the fiber clamping sheet. The fibers are required to have good straightness and to be kept perpendicular to the cathode. Ensuring that the fiber is positioned in the center of the cathode pore and is not in contact with the cathode.
And the electrolyte adopted in the electrochemical corrosion process in the step two is a phosphoric acid-based electrolyte solution with higher viscosity. The electrolyte solution for corroding the GNP/Al composite material in the embodiment is prepared from phosphoric acid (mass fraction is 85%), absolute ethyl alcohol (mass fraction is more than 99.7%), copper sulfate solution (mass fraction is 10%) and distilled water. Every 100ml of electrolyte solution comprises 15ml of phosphoric acid (mass fraction is 85%), 25ml of absolute ethyl alcohol (mass fraction is more than 99.7%), 35ml of copper sulfate solution (mass fraction is 20%), and the balance of distilled water. After the electrolyte solution is dripped into the cathode pores, the upper surface and the lower surface of the electrolyte and the surface of the cathode plate are required to be in the same plane, and no surplus electrolyte solution is left on the upper surface and the lower surface of the cathode plate.
Wherein, the electrochemical corrosion process in the second step is carried out in the windless environment with the temperature of 25 +/-5 ℃. The parameters for performing electrochemical corrosion on GNP/Al in the invention are voltage: 5-25V, anode current density: 0.001 to 0.01A/mm2。
By using NiTi fibers with the original diameter of 150 microns and graphene reinforced aluminum matrix composite (GNP/Al composite) fibers and adopting a chemical corrosion method, tensile samples of NiTi fibers with the gauge length of 13.5mm and the gauge length of 130 microns and GNP/Al composite fibers with the gauge length of 13.5mm and the gauge length of 90 microns are respectively manufactured, and SEM pictures are shown in FIG. 1. Fig. 2 is an SEM photograph showing the gauge length of the NiTi fiber and GNP/Al composite fiber tensile sample manufactured in fig. 1, and it can be seen that the diameter of the gauge length portion of the fiber tensile sample is uniform and the surface quality of the gauge length portion is good. FIG. 3 is an SEM photograph of the transition section of the tensile sample of the NiTi fiber and the GNP/Al composite fiber manufactured in FIG. 1, and it can be seen that the transition region of the two materials after corrosion is smooth and has no local over-corrosion phenomenon.
FIG. 4 shows SEM morphology of tensile sample of GNP/Al composite fiber manufactured by electrochemical corrosion method. The plot shows that the gauge length of the tensile sample is about 660 μm, the gauge diameter is uniform (diameter is about 70 microns), the surface quality is good, and the transition zone is smooth.

Claims (8)

1. A manufacturing method of a dumbbell-shaped micron fiber tensile sample with controllable gauge length is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, ultrasonically cleaning fibers by using an organic solvent to remove oil stains and dust on the surfaces, placing the fibers on clean filter paper, and heating the fibers in a drying box to remove the organic solvent on the surfaces;
step two, carrying out electrochemical corrosion or chemical corrosion on the middle part of the fiber by adopting a corrosive agent;
removing the corrosive agent, quickly cleaning with distilled water, ultrasonically cleaning with an organic solvent, placing on clean filter paper, and heating in a drying oven to obtain the dumbbell-shaped micron fiber tensile sample;
the device used for the electrochemical corrosion in the second step comprises a cathode, an anode, a clamping sheet and a vertical plate, wherein one end of the anode is movably connected to the vertical plate, a plurality of grooves matched with the fiber shape are uniformly distributed at the other end of the anode, the clamping sheet is detachably arranged at the end part of the anode, grooves matched with the fiber shape are arranged at the positions, corresponding to the grooves on the anode plate, of the clamping sheet, the anode moves up and down relative to the vertical plate, the cathode is fixedly connected to the vertical plate, the cathode is arranged below the anode, a through hole is arranged right below the groove on the cathode plate, the diameter of the through hole is 5-20 times of the diameter of the fiber;
the device adopted by the chemical corrosion is made of corrosion-resistant materials and comprises a water bath, a corrosion tank and an ultrasonic device, wherein the ultrasonic device is arranged on the outer wall of the water bath; corrode the groove and set up in the water bath, corrode the corresponding position on the relative cell wall of groove and open a set of or multiunit hole respectively, the diameter in hole is that original fibre is 1.2 ~ 2 times of untreated fiber diameter promptly, and the fibre passes the hole of corroding relative setting on the groove, and outside the groove was stretched out to the fibrous both sides, stretched out and corroded the groove part and fix with the rubber buffer and use rubber buffer shutoff hole.
2. The method for manufacturing dumbbell-shaped micron fiber tensile specimen with controllable gauge length according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent in step one is absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone; carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 3-10 min under the conditions that the ultrasonic power is 300 +/-100W and the frequency is 30 +/-5 KHz; the drying box is heated at 50-80 ℃ for 5 min.
3. The method for manufacturing the dumbbell-shaped micron fiber tensile sample with the controllable gauge length according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent in the third step is absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone; carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 3-10 min under the conditions that the ultrasonic power is 300 +/-100W and the frequency is 30 +/-5 KHz; the drying box is heated at 50-80 ℃ for 5 min.
4. The method for manufacturing the dumbbell-shaped micron fiber tensile sample with the controllable gauge length according to claim 1, wherein the fiber is graphene reinforced aluminum matrix composite fiber, and the electrochemical corrosive used in the second step is prepared from 85 mass percent of phosphoric acid, more than 99.7 mass percent of absolute ethyl alcohol, 10 mass percent of copper sulfate solution and distilled water; the usage amount of phosphoric acid with mass fraction of 85 percent in 100ml of electrolyte solution is 15 plus or minus 1ml, the usage amount of absolute ethyl alcohol with mass fraction of more than 99.7 percent is 25 plus or minus 1ml, the usage amount of copper sulfate solution with mass fraction of 20 percent is 35 plus or minus 1ml, and the rest is distilled water.
5. The method for manufacturing the dumbbell-shaped micron fiber tensile sample with the controllable gauge length according to claim 1, wherein the fiber is graphene reinforced aluminum matrix composite fiber, the electrochemical corrosion power source in the second step is direct current, the voltage is 5-25V, and the anode current density is 0.001-0.01A/mm in a windless environment at the temperature of 25 +/-5 DEG C2。
6. The method for manufacturing the dumbbell-shaped micron fiber tensile sample with the controllable scale distance length according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the chemical corrosion in the step two is heated by water bath, the ultrasonic assistance is adopted in the corrosion process, the temperature of the water bath is 30-80 ℃, the ultrasonic power is 300 +/-100W, and the frequency is 30 +/-5 KHz.
7. The method for manufacturing the dumbbell-shaped microfiber tensile specimen with controllable gauge length according to claim 6, wherein the fiber is NiTi fiber, the etchant used in step two is prepared from 68% by mass of nitric acid, 40% by mass of hydrofluoric acid, 38% by mass of hydrochloric acid and distilled water, wherein the amount of sulfuric acid is 35 ± 1ml, the amount of hydrofluoric acid is 5 ± 0.5ml, the amount of hydrochloric acid is 10 ± 0.5ml and the balance is distilled water in 100ml of etching solution.
8. The method for manufacturing the dumbbell-shaped micron fiber tensile sample with the controllable gauge length according to claim 6, wherein the fiber is graphene reinforced aluminum matrix composite fiber, and the corrosive agent used in the second step is prepared from 98 mass percent of sulfuric acid, 85 mass percent of phosphoric acid, 68 mass percent of nitric acid and distilled water; wherein, in 50ml of corrosive liquid, the dosage of sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 98 percent is 10 plus or minus 1ml, the dosage of phosphoric acid with the mass fraction of 85 percent is 128 plus or minus 1ml, the dosage of nitric acid with the mass fraction of 68 percent is 12 plus or minus 0.5ml, and the rest is distilled water.
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