CN108344535B - Horizontal effective ground stress test method and test device considering drilling fluid pressure - Google Patents
Horizontal effective ground stress test method and test device considering drilling fluid pressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN108344535B CN108344535B CN201810353352.3A CN201810353352A CN108344535B CN 108344535 B CN108344535 B CN 108344535B CN 201810353352 A CN201810353352 A CN 201810353352A CN 108344535 B CN108344535 B CN 108344535B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0004—Force transducers adapted for mounting in a bore of the force receiving structure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
Abstract
The invention provides a horizontal effective ground stress testing device which comprises a multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder, a three-dimensional electronic compass, a data memory, a transparent protective cover, a drilling machine, a drill rod and a drill bit, wherein the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder, the three-dimensional electronic compass and the data memory are arranged on the outer wall of the drill rod, the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder and the three-dimensional electronic compass are horizontally arranged, the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder and the three-dimensional electronic compass are respectively connected with the data memory through data wires, the transparent protective cover is positioned on the outer wall of the drill rod, and the transparent protective cover covers the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder, the three-dimensional electronic compass and the data memory, and the drill bit is connected with the drilling machine through the drill rod. The invention also provides a horizontal effective stress test method considering drilling fluid pressure, which can improve the accuracy of horizontal effective stress test, simplify test operation, improve test success rate and reduce test cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ground stress testing, and relates to a horizontal effective ground stress testing method and device considering drilling fluid pressure.
Background
The ground stress is natural stress which exists in stratum and is not disturbed by engineering, and is also called initial stress, absolute stress or original rock stress of rock mass, is fundamental acting force for causing deformation and damage of mining, hydraulic and hydroelectric power, civil construction, railway, highway and other various underground or open-air rock excavation engineering, and is a precondition for determining mechanical properties of engineering rock mass, analyzing stability of engineering rock mass and realizing engineering design and decision scientization of rock mass. The ground stress state has important significance for earthquake prediction, regional crust stability evaluation, high ground stress region rock burst, coal and gas outburst research and the like. The existing ground stress measurement mainly reduces disturbance to the stress of the original rock by drilling with a small diameter, but neither a direct measurement method such as a rigid inclusion stress meter method, a hydraulic fracturing method and the like nor an indirect measurement method such as a trepanning stress relief method or a pore diameter deformation method and the like consider the influence of drilling fluid pressure on the ground stress in the drilling process, and the operation of the existing ground stress test method is complicated and complicated, so that the accuracy, the success rate and the test efficiency of the ground stress measurement are prevented from being improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a horizontal effective stress test method and a test device considering drilling fluid pressure so as to improve the accuracy of the horizontal effective stress test, simplify test operation, improve test success rate and reduce test cost.
The invention provides a horizontal effective stress testing device which comprises a multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder, a three-dimensional electronic compass, a data memory for integrating and storing measurement data of the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder and the three-dimensional electronic compass, a transparent protective cover, a drilling machine, a drill rod and a drill bit, wherein the diameter of a drilled hole drilled by the drill bit is 9-12 cm larger than the outer diameter of the drill rod, the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder, the three-dimensional electronic compass and the data memory are arranged on the outer wall of the drill rod, the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder and the three-dimensional electronic compass are horizontally arranged, the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder and the three-dimensional electronic compass are respectively connected with the data memory through data wires, the transparent protective cover is positioned on the outer wall of the drill rod, and the drill bit is connected with the drilling machine through the drill rod.
In the technical scheme of the horizontal effective stress testing device, the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder and the three-dimensional electronic compass are mounted on the outer wall of the drill rod through the corner supporting piece and the screw. In order to reduce the difference between the outer diameter of the drill rod and the diameter of the drill hole drilled by the drill bit as much as possible under the condition that the diameter of the drill bit is fixed, a groove is preferably formed in the outer wall of the drill rod, and the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder and the three-dimensional electronic compass are partially embedded in the groove and are fixed in the groove through a corner support piece and a screw. The data storage is preferably also arranged in a groove on the outer wall of the drill rod, and the data storage can be directly fixed on the outer wall of the drill rod through screws, can also be arranged on the outer wall of the drill rod through corner supporting pieces and screws, and can also be fixed on the outer wall of the drill rod through a rubberized fabric winding mode because the installation direction of the data storage is not limited.
In the technical scheme of the horizontal effective stress testing device, the transparent protective cover is made of organic glass, the size of the transparent protective cover just can cover the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder, the three-dimensional electronic compass and the data memory in the transparent protective cover, and the distance between the transparent protective cover and the nearest part of the wall surface of a drilling hole drilled by the drill bit is at least 1cm, preferably 1-3 cm.
In the technical scheme of the horizontal effective ground stress testing device, the transparent protective cover is arranged on the outer wall of the drill rod through the sliding rail parallel to the axis of the drill rod, an opening is formed in the upper end or the lower end of the transparent protective cover, and a movable baffle plate is arranged at the opening to block the opening.
In the technical scheme of the horizontal effective ground stress testing device, the drill rods comprise a plurality of drill rods, the drill rods are connected through threads, and the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder, the three-dimensional electronic compass and the data memory are installed on the drill rods which are directly connected with the drill bit.
In the technical scheme of the horizontal effective stress testing device, the rotating speed of the drilling machine can be adjusted, and when the drilling machine rotates slowly, the drilling rod can be driven to rotate at a constant speed of 3-5 r/min.
The invention also provides a method for testing the horizontal effective stress by considering the drilling fluid pressure, which uses the horizontal effective stress testing device to test, and comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a target rock mass to be subjected to horizontal effective stress, exploring or referring to lithology of rock formations at different depths of the target rock mass according to exploration data, and measuring elastic modulus and poisson ratio of the rock formations at different depths by adopting a uniaxial compression test;
(2) drilling a drill hole vertical to a horizontal plane on a target rock body, introducing drilling fluid into a drill bit in the drilling process, stopping drilling after the position of a multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder in the drill hole reaches a target depth, ensuring the axial coincidence of the axis of a drill rod and the axial direction of the drill hole, adjusting the rotating speed of the drill machine to ensure that the drill rod rotates at a constant speed of 3-5 r/min, measuring the distance from the wall of the drill hole to the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder, recording the corresponding angle, and storing the angle in a data memory;
(3) the data memory is taken out and the data stored in the data memory is transmitted to a computer processing system, the angle data measured by the three-dimensional electronic compass is matched with the distance data measured by the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder, a coordinate system is established to construct the form of the radial surface of the drilling hole at the target depth, and the form of the radial surface of the drilling hole is changed from an initial round shape to an oval shape under the action of horizontal effective stress, namely, the form of the radial surface of the drilling hole constructed at the target depth is oval;
calculating lengths of a long axis and a short axis of a radial surface of the constructed elliptical drilling hole, then calculating displacements of the drilling hole in the directions of the long axis and the short axis respectively according to formulas (I) to (II), calculating horizontal effective stress of a target measurement depth according to a binary first-order equation set formed by formulas (I) to (II),
in the formulae (I) to (II), u c ,u d Displacement in the major axis and minor axis directions of the borehole, 2a and 2b are the constructed elliptical borehole diameters in turnThe lengths of the major and minor axes of the facing surfaces, d being the initial diameter of the borehole, σ 1 ‘,σ 2 'effective stress of minimum and maximum level in turn, E is elastic modulus of rock mass at target measurement depth, mu is Poisson's ratio of rock mass at target measurement depth, P is drilling fluid pressure at target measurement depth, P=γh, γ is drilling fluid volume weight, and h is target measurement depth.
The horizontal effective stress test method considering drilling fluid pressure is established on the basis of small-diameter drilling with small disturbance to in-situ stress, and a flat circular hole model is used for establishing the relation between the ground stress and the drilling fluid pressure together with a formula of a thick-wall cylinder. The relationship between the ground stress and the drilling fluid pressure is established by a flat circular hole model and a formula of a thick-wall cylinder together, and is shown in the following formulas (III) to (IV).
Wherein u is r ，v θ For radial displacement and tangential displacement of the borehole, d is the initial diameter of the borehole, m is the distance from the borehole wall to the center of the borehole after deformation rotates anticlockwise by an angle theta along the set x-axis on the measurement section where the target measurement depth is located, and the distance is measured by a multi-scale phase laser range finder, sigma 1 ‘,σ 2 'effective stress of minimum and maximum level in turn, E is elastic modulus of rock mass at target measurement depth, mu is Poisson's ratio of rock mass at target measurement depth, P is drilling fluid pressure at target measurement depth, P=γh, γ is drilling fluid volume weight, and h is target measurement depth.
However, as can be seen from the above expression of tangential displacement (formula (iv)), when the rotation angle θ along the set x-axis is 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 °, there is no tangential displacement at these points after borehole deformation but only radial displacement, based on which a unitary quadratic equation set (binary first-order equation set consisting of formulas (i) to (ii)) is selected with rotation angle θ along the set x-axis being 0 °, 90 °, and the horizontal effective stress at the target measurement depth can be calculated in combination with the borehole radial displacement value at this time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the invention provides a device for testing horizontal effective stress, which comprises a multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder, a three-dimensional electronic compass and a data memory, wherein the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder, the three-dimensional electronic compass and the data memory are arranged on a drill rod, the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder and the data memory are covered by a transparent protective cover to prevent the drill from being damaged in the drilling process, when the drilling machine is adopted to drill the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder to reach a target measurement depth, the drilling is stopped, the drilling speed of the drilling machine is adjusted to enable the drill rod to slowly rotate at a uniform speed, namely, the form of the radial surface of a drill hole at the target depth can be rebuilt through the displacement data of the drilling deformation measured by the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder and the three-dimensional electronic compass, and the measurement of horizontal effective stress can be realized by combining the pressure data, the elastic modulus of a rock mass and the poisson ratio.
2. The main measuring component of the horizontal effective stress testing device provided by the invention is arranged on the drill rod, so that the horizontal effective stress at the target depth can be measured in the process of drilling the rock body, and the horizontal effective stress testing device does not need to be additionally measured by adopting an instrument according to special drilling operation.
3. The horizontal effective stress testing device provided by the invention can be formed by adopting the combined installation of the existing instrument, has a simple structure, does not need to use parts and instruments with special structures, has low cost, and has the advantages of easy realization and contribution to popularization and application.
4. The invention also provides a horizontal effective stress test method considering drilling fluid pressure, on one hand, the method has lower requirements on geological conditions and coring rock, no further processing is needed to drill holes after drilling, no guiding is needed to drill holes in the drilling process, no strain gauge is needed to be stuck in the drill holes, and the method has the advantage of simplifying measurement operation, thus having the characteristic of higher test success rate, improving the test success rate, reducing the number of repeated drilling measurement, further reducing test cost, and on the other hand, the method considers the pressure of drilling fluid and is beneficial to improving the accuracy of measurement results.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal effective stress testing device according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the multi-optical ruler phase laser rangefinder, the three-dimensional electronic compass, the data storage device and the transparent protective cover on the drill pipe in example 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the transparent protective cover.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a flapper disposed at an opening of a transparent protective cover.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the multi-optical ruler phase laser rangefinder, the three-dimensional electronic compass and the data storage device on the outer wall of the drill pipe in example 2.
In the figure, a 1-multi-optical ruler phase laser range finder, a 2-three-dimensional electronic compass, a 3-data memory, a 4-transparent protective cover, a 4-1-mounting hole, a 5-drilling machine, a 6-drilling rod, a 7-drilling bit, an 8-groove, a 9-sliding rail, a 10-movable baffle and an 11-corner support piece are arranged.
Detailed Description
The method and apparatus for testing the horizontal effective stress taking drilling fluid pressure into consideration provided by the invention are further described below by way of examples. It is to be noted that the following examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, since numerous insubstantial modifications and variations of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the above disclosure, and yet remain within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the structure of the horizontal effective stress testing device is shown in fig. 1, and the horizontal effective stress testing device is suitable for testing horizontal effective stress in a borehole perpendicular to a horizontal plane, and comprises a multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder 1, a three-dimensional electronic compass 2, a data memory 3 for integrating and storing measurement data of the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder 1 and the three-dimensional electronic compass 2, a transparent protective cover 4, a drilling machine 5, a drilling rod 6 and a drilling bit 7, wherein the drilling rod comprises a plurality of drilling rods, each drilling rod is connected through threads, the drilling bit 7 is connected with the drilling machine 5 through the drilling rod 6, the diameter of the drilled drilling hole is 9cm larger than the outer diameter of the drilling rod, the measurement precision of the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder 1 is 2.3mm, the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder 1 can be purchased from the market according to the size and the measurement precision requirement of the laser range finder, the three-dimensional electronic compass 2 can also be manufactured in a customized mode, a data integration chip is installed in the data memory 3, the data integration chip can be selected from the group chip, and the rotating speed of the drilling machine can be adjusted, and the drilling machine can be driven to rotate at a constant speed of 3 min/r.
The multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder 1 and the three-dimensional electronic compass 2 are respectively and horizontally arranged on the outer wall of the drill rod 6 through a corner support piece 11 and a screw, the corner support piece 11 is a right-angle corner piece and is composed of a horizontal plane and an arc surface perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the arc of the arc surface is identical to that of the outer wall of the drill rod, the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder 1 and the three-dimensional electronic compass 2 are respectively and fixedly arranged on the horizontal plane of the corner support piece through screws, the arc surface of the corner support piece is fixedly arranged on the drill rod through screws, the data memory 3 is arranged on the outer wall of the drill rod through screws, and the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder 1 and the three-dimensional electronic compass 2 are respectively connected with the data memory 3 through data wires. As shown in fig. 3 to 4, the transparent protective cover 4 is a hollow trapezoid table body with an opening at the bottom, an opening is arranged at the lower end of the transparent protective cover, a movable baffle 10 with a shape matched with the shape of the opening is connected above the opening of the transparent protective cover through a hinge, a mounting hole 4-1 is arranged on the edge of the opening of the transparent protective cover, a bump with a shape matched with the shape of the mounting hole is arranged at the position of the movable baffle corresponding to the mounting hole, the bump is inserted into and clamped in the mounting hole, the movable baffle blocks the opening at the lower end of the transparent protective cover, the opening at the lower end of the transparent protective cover is opened after the bump is taken out from the mounting hole, the transparent protective cover is made of organic glass, the transmittance of the organic glass is good, the distance measurement is not influenced by the multi-optical ruler phase laser range finder, and the distance between the transparent protective cover and the wall of a drilling hole drilled by a drill bit is 2cm. The transparent protective cover is arranged on the outer wall of the drill rod through two steel ball type sliding rails which are parallel to the axis of the drill rod, and as shown in fig. 2, the distance between the lower end of each steel ball type sliding rail and the drill bit is 20cm. When the transparent protection cover is positioned at the lower end of the sliding rail, the transparent protection cover covers the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder 1, the three-dimensional electronic compass 2 and the data storage 3, the movable baffle at the lower end of the transparent protection cover is opened, and when the transparent protection cover slides to the upper end of the sliding rail, the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder 1, the three-dimensional electronic compass 2 and the data storage 3 are exposed out of the transparent protection cover.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the structure of the horizontal effective stress testing device is similar to that of fig. 1, and the horizontal effective stress testing device is suitable for testing horizontal effective stress in a borehole perpendicular to a horizontal plane, and comprises a multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder 1, a three-dimensional electronic compass 2, a data memory 3 for integrating and storing measurement data of the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder 1 and the three-dimensional electronic compass 2, a transparent protection cover 4, a drilling machine 5, a drilling rod 6 and a drilling bit 7, wherein the drilling rod comprises a plurality of drilling rods, the drilling rods are connected through threads, the drilling bit 7 is connected with the drilling machine 5 through the drilling rod 6, the diameter of the drilled drilling hole is 10cm larger than the outer diameter of the drilling rod, the measurement precision of the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder 1 is 2.3mm, the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder 1 can be purchased from the market according to the size and the measurement precision requirement of the laser range finder, the three-dimensional electronic compass 2 can be manufactured in a customized mode, a data integration chip is installed in the data memory 3, the data integration chip can be selected, the rotation speed of the drilling machine can be adjusted, and the drilling machine can be driven to rotate at a constant speed of 3 min/r.
As shown in fig. 5, a groove 8 is formed in the outer wall of the drill rod, the groove is arc-shaped, the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder 1 is partially embedded into the groove and horizontally installed in the groove through a corner support 11 and a screw, the three-dimensional electronic compass 2 is partially embedded into the groove and horizontally installed in the groove through the corner support 11 and the screw, the corner support 11 is a right-angle corner piece and is composed of a horizontal plane and an arc surface perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the arc of the arc surface is identical to the arc of the groove on the outer wall of the drill rod, the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder 1 and the three-dimensional electronic compass 2 are respectively fixed on the horizontal plane of the corner support through screws, the arc surface of the corner support is fixed in the groove 8 through the screws, the data memory 3 is installed in the groove through the screws, and the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder 1 and the three-dimensional electronic compass 2 are respectively connected with the data memory 3 through data lines. As shown in fig. 3 to 4, the transparent protective cover 4 is a hollow trapezoid table body with an opening at the bottom, an opening is arranged at the lower end of the transparent protective cover, a movable baffle 10 with a shape matched with the shape of the opening is connected above the opening of the transparent protective cover through a hinge, a mounting hole 4-1 is arranged on the edge of the opening of the transparent protective cover, a bump with a shape matched with the shape of the mounting hole is arranged at the position of the movable baffle corresponding to the mounting hole, the bump is inserted into and clamped in the mounting hole, the movable baffle blocks the opening at the lower end of the transparent protective cover, the opening at the lower end of the transparent protective cover is opened after the bump is taken out from the mounting hole, the transparent protective cover is made of organic glass, the transmittance of the organic glass is good, the distance measurement is not influenced by the multi-optical ruler phase laser range finder, and the distance between the transparent protective cover and the wall of a drilling hole drilled by a drill bit is 3cm. The transparent protective cover is arranged on the outer wall of the drill rod through two steel ball type sliding rails which are parallel to the axis of the drill rod, and as shown in fig. 2, the distance between the lower end of each steel ball type sliding rail and the drill bit is 20cm. When the transparent protection cover is positioned at the lower end of the sliding rail, the transparent protection cover covers the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder 1, the three-dimensional electronic compass 2 and the data storage 3, the movable baffle at the lower end of the transparent protection cover is opened, and when the transparent protection cover slides to the upper end of the sliding rail, the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder 1, the three-dimensional electronic compass 2 and the data storage 3 are exposed out of the transparent protection cover.
Example 3
In this embodiment, a method for testing the horizontal effective stress in consideration of the drilling fluid pressure is provided, which uses the horizontal effective stress testing apparatus of embodiment 1 or 2, and includes the following steps:
(1) determining a target rock mass to be subjected to horizontal effective stress, exploring or referring to lithology of rock formations at different depths of the target rock mass according to exploration data, and measuring elastic modulus and poisson ratio of the rock formations at different depths by adopting an indoor uniaxial compression test;
(2) drilling a drill hole vertical to a horizontal plane on a target rock body, introducing drilling liquid to cool the drill bit in the drilling process, stopping drilling when the position of the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder in the drill hole reaches a target depth, checking the position of a drill rod in the drill hole, ensuring the axial coincidence of the axis of the drill rod and the drill hole, adjusting the rotating speed of the drill machine to ensure that the drill rod rotates at a constant speed at a rotating speed of 4r/min, measuring the distance from the wall of the drill hole to the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder, recording the corresponding angle, and storing the distance in a data memory;
(3) the data memory is taken out and the data stored in the data memory is transmitted to a computer processing system, the angle data measured by the three-dimensional electronic compass is matched with the distance data measured by the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder, a coordinate system is established to construct the form of the radial surface of the drilling hole at the target depth, and the form of the radial surface of the drilling hole is changed from an initial round shape to an oval shape under the action of horizontal effective stress, namely, the form of the radial surface of the drilling hole constructed at the target depth is oval;
calculating lengths of a long axis and a short axis of a radial surface of the constructed elliptical drilling hole, then calculating displacements of the drilling hole in the directions of the long axis and the short axis respectively according to formulas (I) to (II), calculating horizontal effective stress of a target measurement depth according to a binary first-order equation set formed by formulas (I) to (II),
in the formulae (I) to (II), u c ,u d Displacement in the major and minor axis directions of the borehole, 2a,2b in turn being the lengths of the major and minor axes of the radial plane of the constructed elliptical borehole, d being the initial diameter of the borehole, σ 1 ‘,σ 2 'effective stress of minimum and maximum level in turn, E is elastic modulus of rock mass at target measurement depth, mu is Poisson's ratio of rock mass at target measurement depth, P is drilling fluid pressure at target measurement depth, P=γh, γ is drilling fluid volume weight, and h is target measurement depth.
Claims (8)
1. The horizontal effective ground stress testing device considering drilling fluid pressure is characterized by comprising a multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder (1), a three-dimensional electronic compass (2), a data memory (3) for integrating and storing measurement data of the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder (1) and the three-dimensional electronic compass (2), a transparent protective cover (4), a drilling machine (5), a drill rod (6) and a drill bit (7),
the drilling diameter of a drill bit (7) is 9-12 cm larger than the outer diameter of a drill rod, a multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder (1), a three-dimensional electronic compass (2) and a data memory (3) are arranged on the outer wall of the drill rod (6), the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder (1) and the three-dimensional electronic compass (2) are horizontally arranged, the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder (1) and the three-dimensional electronic compass (2) are respectively connected with the data memory (3) through data wires, a transparent protective cover (4) is positioned on the outer wall of the drill rod, the transparent protective cover covers the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder (1), the three-dimensional electronic compass (2) and the data memory (3), and the drill bit (7) is connected with a drilling machine (5) through the drill rod (6);
the operation steps for testing the horizontal effective stress by adopting the horizontal effective stress testing device considering the drilling fluid pressure are as follows:
(1) determining a target rock mass to be subjected to horizontal effective stress, exploring or referring to lithology of rock formations at different depths of the target rock mass according to exploration data, and measuring elastic modulus and poisson ratio of the rock formations at different depths by adopting a uniaxial compression test;
(2) drilling a drill hole vertical to a horizontal plane on a target rock body, cooling a drill bit by introducing drilling liquid in the drilling process, stopping drilling when the position of the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder in the drill hole reaches a target depth, ensuring the axial coincidence of the axis of a hollow drill rod and the axial direction of the drill hole, adjusting the rotating speed of the drill machine to ensure that the drill rod rotates at a constant speed of 3-5 r/min, measuring the distance from the wall of the drill hole to the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder, recording the corresponding angle, and storing the angle in a data memory;
(3) the data memory is taken out and the data stored in the data memory is transmitted to a computer processing system, the angle data measured by the three-dimensional electronic compass is matched with the distance data measured by the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder, a coordinate system is established to construct the form of the radial surface of the drilling hole at the target depth, and the form of the radial surface of the drilling hole is changed from an initial round shape to an oval shape under the action of horizontal effective stress, namely, the form of the radial surface of the drilling hole constructed at the target depth is oval;
calculating lengths of a long axis and a short axis of a radial surface of the constructed elliptical drilling hole, then calculating displacements of the drilling hole in the directions of the long axis and the short axis respectively according to formulas (I) to (II), calculating horizontal effective stress of a target measurement depth according to a binary first-order equation set formed by formulas (I) to (II),
in the formulae (I) to (II), u c ,u d Displacement in the major and minor axis directions of the borehole, 2a,2b in turn being the lengths of the major and minor axes of the radial plane of the constructed elliptical borehole, d being the initial diameter of the borehole, σ' 1 ,σ‘ 2 The effective stress of the minimum and maximum levels is sequentially given, E is the elastic modulus of the rock mass at the target measurement depth, mu is the Poisson ratio of the rock mass at the target measurement depth, P is the drilling fluid pressure at the target measurement depth, P=γh, γ is the drilling fluid volume weight, and h is the target measurement depth.
2. The horizontal effective stress testing device considering drilling fluid pressure according to claim 1, wherein the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder (1) and the three-dimensional electronic compass (2) are mounted on the outer wall of the drill rod (6) through corner supporting pieces and screws.
3. The horizontal effective ground stress testing device considering drilling fluid pressure according to claim 2, wherein a groove (8) is formed in the outer wall of the drill rod, and the multi-optical-scale phase laser range finder (1) and the three-dimensional electronic compass (2) are partially embedded in the groove and fixed in the groove through a corner support and a screw.
4. A horizontal effective stress testing device taking into account drilling fluid pressure according to claim 3, characterized in that the data memory (3) is mounted in a recess (8) on the outer wall of the drill rod.
5. Device for testing the horizontal effective stress taking into account the drilling fluid pressure according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the transparent protective cover (4) is made of plexiglass.
6. A horizontal effective stress testing device taking into account drilling fluid pressure according to claim 5, characterized in that the transparent protective cover is mounted on the outer wall of the drill rod by means of a slide rail (9) arranged parallel to the axis of the drill rod.
7. The horizontal effective stress test device considering drilling fluid pressure according to claim 6, wherein the upper end or the lower end of the transparent protective cover is provided with an opening, and a movable baffle (10) is arranged at the opening to block the opening.
8. A horizontal effective stress testing apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the distance between the transparent protective cover and the closest wall of the borehole drilled by the drill bit is 1-3 cm.
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