CN208043300U - Consider the horizontal effective stress test device of drilling liquid pressure - Google Patents
Consider the horizontal effective stress test device of drilling liquid pressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN208043300U CN208043300U CN201820559649.0U CN201820559649U CN208043300U CN 208043300 U CN208043300 U CN 208043300U CN 201820559649 U CN201820559649 U CN 201820559649U CN 208043300 U CN208043300 U CN 208043300U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a kind of horizontal effective stress test device considering drilling liquid pressure, including more light ruler phase laser distance meters, three-dimensional electronic compass, data storage, transparent protective shield, drilling machine, drilling rod and drill bit, more light ruler phase laser distance meters, three-dimensional electronic compass and data storage are mounted on drilling-rod external wall, more light ruler phase laser distance meters and three-dimensional electronic compass are horizontally mounted, more light ruler phase laser distance meters and three-dimensional electronic compass are connect by data line with data storage respectively, transparent protective shield is located on drilling-rod external wall, transparent protective shield covers more light ruler phase laser distance meters, three-dimensional electronic compass and data storage, drill bit is connect by drilling rod with drilling machine.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to detecting earth stress field, is related to a kind of horizontal effective stress survey considering drilling liquid pressure
Trial assembly is set.
Background technology
Crustal stress is the natural stress for being not affected by Engineering Disturbance being present in stratum, also referred to as rock mass primary stress, absolutely
Stress or the stress of primary rock are to cause mining, water conservancy and hydropower, civil construction, railway, highway and other various undergrounds or outdoor rock
The basic active force of excavation project deformation and failure, be to determine engineering rock mass mechanical attribute, carry out engineering rock mass stability analysis,
Realize the premise of rock mass engineering project design and the scientification of decision-making.Crustal stress states for earthquake prediction, Evaluation of Regional Crust Stability,
High Ground Stress Areas rock burst and the research of gas and coal outbursts etc. are significant.Existing geostress survey is mainly by small straight
Diameter drills, disturbance of the reduction to the stress of primary rock, but the either direct method of measurement such as rigid package body stress meter method, hydraulic fracturing
Deng or the indirect method of measurement such as stress relief by overcoring or aperture deforming method all do not consider boring procedure in drilling liquid pressure
Influence to crustal stress, all relatively complicated complexity of the operation of existing detecting earth stress method in addition, these are all an impediment to crustal stress
The raising of measurement accuracy, success rate and testing efficiency.
Utility model content
The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide the level of consideration drilling liquid pressure effectively
Stress test device is simplified test operation, is improved successfully tested rate and drop with the accuracy for effective stress test of improving the standard
Low testing cost.
The horizontal effective stress test device provided by the utility model for considering drilling liquid pressure, including more light ruler phases
Laser range finder, three-dimensional electronic compass are measured for integrating and storing more light ruler phase laser distance meters and three-dimensional electronic compass
Data storage, transparent protective shield, drilling machine, drilling rod and the drill bit of data, the bore diameter that drill bit drills through is bigger than drilling rod outer diameter by 9~
12cm, more light ruler phase laser distance meters, three-dimensional electronic compass and data storage are mounted on drilling-rod external wall, more light ruler phases
Laser range finder and three-dimensional electronic compass are horizontally mounted, and more light ruler phase laser distance meters and three-dimensional electronic compass pass through number respectively
It is connect with data storage according to line, transparent protective shield is located on drilling-rod external wall, and transparent protective shield covers more light ruler phase Laser Measurings
Distance meter, three-dimensional electronic compass and data storage, drill bit are connect by drilling rod with drilling machine.
In the technical solution of above-mentioned test device, more light ruler phase laser distance meters and three-dimensional electronic compass pass through corner branch
Support member and screw are installed on drilling-rod external wall.In the case where bit diameter is certain, in order to reduce as much as possible drilling rod outer diameter with
Groove, more light ruler phase laser distance meters and three are preferably arranged in the difference of the diameter for the drilling that drill bit drills through on drilling-rod external wall
Dimension electronic compass is partially submerged into groove and is fixed in groove by corner support part and screw.Data storage is preferably
In the groove on drilling-rod external wall, due to data storage installation direction there is no limit, data storage can be direct
It is fixed by screws on drilling-rod external wall, can also be installed on drilling-rod external wall, can also be led to by corner support part and screw
The mode for crossing adhesive plaster winding is fixed on drilling-rod external wall.
In the technical solution of above-mentioned test device, transparent protective shield is made by organic glass, and the size of transparent protective shield is proper
More light ruler phase laser distance meters, three-dimensional electronic compass and data storage can be covered in transparent protective shield well, it is transparent
The wall surface for the drilling that protective cover is drilled through with drill bit is at least 1cm, preferably 1~3cm closest at a distance from locating.
In the technical solution of above-mentioned test device, transparent protective shield is mounted on by being parallel to the sliding rail of drill rod axis setting
On drilling-rod external wall, the upper end or lower end of transparent protective shield are equipped with opening, are provided in the opening with flapper and block opening.
In the technical solution of above-mentioned test device, the drilling rod includes more, is connected through a screw thread between each drilling rod, mostly light
Ruler phase laser distance meter, three-dimensional electronic compass and data storage are mounted on the drilling rod being connected directly with drill bit.
In the technical solution of above-mentioned test device, the rotating speed of the drilling machine is adjustable, in drilling machine slow rotation,
Drilling rod can be driven with the rotating speed uniform rotation of 3~5r/min.
The method that horizontal effective stress test is carried out using above-mentioned test device provided by the utility model is as follows：
1. determining the target rock mass of pending horizontal effective stress, exploring or consulting target rock mass not according to exploration data
With the lithology of depth rock stratum, the elasticity modulus and Poisson's ratio of different depth rock stratum are measured using uniaxial compression test；
2. drilling through the drilling perpendicular to horizontal plane on target rock mass, drilling fluid cooling drill bit is passed through in drilling process,
After the position of more light ruler phase laser distance meters in the borehole reaches target depth, stop drilling, it is ensured that the axis of drilling rod with
What is drilled is axially coincident, adjusts the rotating speed uniform rotation that the rotating speed of drilling machine makes drilling rod with 3~5r/min, measures the wall of a borehole to mostly light
The distance of ruler phase laser distance meter simultaneously records corresponding angle, is stored in data storage；
3. data storage is taken out and the data wherein stored are transferred to computer processing system, by three-dimensional electronic sieve
The angle-data that disk measures is matched with the range data that more light ruler phase laser distance meters measure, and is established coordinate system structure drilling and is existed
The form of sagittal plane at target depth, under the action of horizontal effective stress, the form for the sagittal plane that drills can be by initial circle
Deformation ovalisation, that is, the drilling built form of sagittal plane at target depth are oval；
The length for calculating the long axis and short axle of constructed ellipse drilling sagittal plane, is then counted according to formula (I)~(II)
Point counting does not drill the displacement in long axis and short-axis direction, and target is calculated according to the linear equation in two unknowns group of formula (I)~(II) composition
The horizontal effective stress to fathom,
In formula (I)~(II), uc,udIt is followed successively by the displacement of drilling long axis and short-axis direction, 2a, 2b are followed successively by constructed
The length of the long axis and short axle of ellipse drilling sagittal plane, d are the initial diameter of drilling, σ '1,σ‘2It is followed successively by minimum and maximum water
Flat effective stress, E are the elasticity modulus of rock mass at target survey depth, and μ is the Poisson's ratio of rock mass at target survey depth, P
For the drilling liquid pressure at target survey depth, P=γ h, γ are drilling fluid unit weight, and h is target survey depth.
Drilling fluid is considered using the method for the horizontal effective stress test of test device carry out provided by the utility model
Pressure is established on the basis of slim hole is smaller to Original strata stress disturbance with plate round hole model, the public affairs with thick cyclinder
Formula establishes the relationship between crustal stress and drilling liquid pressure jointly, and principle is after crustal stress caused by drilling discharges, and drilling can be sent out
Change shape, will produce radial displacement and tangential displacement in borehole circumference, by measuring the radial displacement generated and tangential displacement value
Carry out backwards calculation original position crustal stress.With plate round hole model, crustal stress and drilling hydraulic are established jointly with the formula of thick cyclinder
Relationship between power, as shown in following formula (III)~(IV).
Wherein, ur, vθRadial displacement for drilling and tangential displacement, d are the initial diameter of drilling, and m is target survey depth
On the Measure section of place, hole wall of the deformed drilling after rotating θ angles counterclockwise along the x-axis of setting arrives drill center
Distance, the distance are measured by more light ruler phase laser distance meters, σ '1,σ‘2It is followed successively by the horizontal effective stress of minimum and maximum,
E is the elasticity modulus of rock mass at target survey depth, and μ is the Poisson's ratio of rock mass at target survey depth, and P is target survey depth
The drilling liquid pressure at place, P=γ h, γ are drilling fluid unit weight, and h is target survey depth.
But from the expression formula of above-mentioned tangential displacement (formula (IV)) as can be seen that when the angle, θ rotated along the x-axis that sets as
At 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 °, drilling has no tangential displacement after deforming in these points and only radial displacement is selected based on this
Angle, θ along the x-axis rotation set is 0 °, (binary that formula (I)~(II) forms is primary for 90 ° of composition quadratic equation with one unknown groups
Equation group), in conjunction with drilling radial direction shift value at this time, you can calculate the horizontal effective stress at target survey depth.
Compared with prior art, the utility model has following advantageous effects：
1. the utility model provides a kind of device of testing level effective stress, which includes that more light ruler phases swash
Optar, three-dimensional electronic compass and data storage, and they are covered them on drilling rod, by transparent protective shield
To prevent being damaged to them during boring drill, reach target when creeping at most light ruler phase laser distance meter using drilling machine
After fathoming, stop drilling, adjustment drilling machine drilling speed makes the slow uniform rotation of drilling rod, you can passes through more light ruler phase laser distances
Instrument and three-dimensional electronic compass, which measure the displacement data of drilling deformation and corresponding angle information, can rebuild drilling in target depth
The elasticity modulus and Poisson's ratio for locating the form of sagittal plane, combination pressure data and rock mass, can realize horizontal effective stress
It measures.
2. the main measurement portion of the horizontal effective stress test device provided by the utility model for considering drilling liquid pressure
Part is mounted on drilling rod, and the survey of the horizontal effective stress at target depth can be realized during drilling to rock mass
It is fixed, it is measured without in addition specially being drilled according to specific operation using instrument, it, can be effective using the device of the utility model
Simplify the operation of horizontal effective stress test.
3. the horizontal effective stress test device provided by the utility model for considering drilling liquid pressure uses existing instrument
Combination installation can be formed, simple in structure, without using the component and instrument of special construction, the cost of device is not also high, tool
There is advantage that is easy to implement and being conducive to popularization and application.
4. being carried out using the horizontal effective stress test device provided by the utility model for considering drilling liquid pressure horizontal
It is relatively low to geological conditions and the requirement of coring rock when effective stress is tested, without to drilling into traveling one after drilling through drilling
The processing of step is oriented to drilling without in drilling process, without foil gauge is pasted in drilling, has and simplifies measurement
The advantage of operation, thus have the characteristics that successfully tested rate higher, the raising of successfully tested rate can be reduced again repeats drilling measurement
Number, and then reduce testing cost, on the other hand, due to considering the pressure of drilling fluid when test, be conducive to improve and measure
As a result accuracy.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the horizontal effective stress test device provided by the utility model for considering drilling liquid pressure
Figure.
Fig. 2 is more light ruler phase laser distance meters in embodiment 1, three-dimensional electronic compass, data storage and transparency protected
Cover on the scheme of installation on drilling rod.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of transparent protective shield.
Fig. 4 is that the opening of transparent protective shield is provided with the schematic diagram of flapper.
Fig. 5 be in embodiment 2 more light ruler phase laser distance meters, three-dimensional electronic compass and data storage in drilling-rod external wall
On scheme of installation.
In figure, more than 1-light ruler phase laser distance meter, 2-three-dimensional electronic compass, 3-data storages, 4-transparent guarantors
Shield, 4-1-mounting hole, 5-drilling machines, 6-drilling rods, 7-drill bits, 8-grooves, 9-sliding rails, 10-flappers, 11-turn
Angle support element.
Specific implementation mode
By the following examples to the horizontal effective stress test side provided by the utility model for considering drilling liquid pressure
Method and test device are described further.It is necessary to note that following embodiment is served only for, the utility model is described in further detail,
It should not be understood as the limitation to scope of protection of the utility model, one of ordinary skill in the art are right according to above-mentioned utility model content
The utility model is made some nonessential modifications and adaptations and is embodied, and the range of utility model protection is still fallen within.
Embodiment 1
In the present embodiment, consider the structure of the horizontal effective stress test device of drilling liquid pressure as shown in Figure 1, the water
Flat effective stress test device is suitable for the testing level effective stress the drilling perpendicular to horizontal plane, including more light rulers
Phase laser distance meter 1, three-dimensional electronic compass 2, for integrating and storing more light ruler phase laser distance meters 1 and three-dimensional electronic sieve
Data storage 3, transparent protective shield 4, drilling machine 5, drilling rod 6 and the drill bit 7 of 2 measurement data of disk, drilling rod includes Ruo Duogen, each brill
It is connected through a screw thread between bar, drill bit 7 is connect by drilling rod 6 with drilling machine 5, and the bore diameter that drill bit drills through is bigger than drilling rod outer diameter
The measurement accuracy of 9cm, more light ruler phase laser distance meters 1 are 2.3mm, are wanted according to the size of the laser range finder and measurement accuracy
It asks, may be selected, from buying on the market, customized production also to may be selected, three-dimensional electronic compass 2 is using the nine axis posture courses HEC395 ginseng
Test system is equipped with data integration chip in data storage 3, and Intel family chips can be selected in data integration chip, drilling machine
Rotating speed is adjustable, and in drilling machine slow rotation, drilling rod can be driven with the rotating speed uniform rotation of 3~5r/min.
More light ruler phase laser distance meters 1, three-dimensional electronic compass 2 are horizontally mounted by corner support part 11 and screw respectively
In on 6 outer wall of drilling rod, corner support part 11 is right-angled corner part, is formed by a horizontal plane and with the cambered surface of the horizontal plane,
The radian of the cambered surface is identical as the radian of drilling-rod external wall, and more light ruler phase laser distance meters 1, three-dimensional electronic compass 2 lead to respectively
It crosses screw to be fixed on the horizontal plane of corner support part, the cambered surface of corner support part is fixed by screws on drilling rod, and data are deposited
Reservoir 3 is mounted on by screw on drilling-rod external wall, and more light ruler phase laser distance meters 1 and three-dimensional electronic compass 2 pass through number respectively
It is connect with data storage 3 according to line.As shown in figs. 34, transparent protective shield 4 is the hollow trapezoidal stage body of bottom opening, transparent guarantor
The lower end of shield is equipped with opening, and it is matched with opening shape by loose-leaf to be connected with shape above the opening of transparent protective shield
Flapper 10 is equipped with mounting hole 4-1, in flapper position corresponding with mounting hole on the edge of the opening of transparent protective shield
It sets place and is equipped with shape and the installation matched convex block of hole shape, after convex block is inserted into and is stuck in mounting hole, flapper is by transparent guarantor
The opening of shield lower end is blocked, and by convex block after being taken out in mounting hole, the opening of transparent protective shield lower end is opened, transparent protective shield
It is made by organic glass, the good transmittance of organic glass, does not influence more light ruler phase laser distance meters and carry out range determination, it is transparent
Protective cover is 2cm at a distance from the wall of a borehole that drill bit drills through.Two steel that transparent protective shield is arranged by being parallel to drill rod axis
Bead sliding rail is mounted on drilling-rod external wall, as shown in Fig. 2, distance of the lower end of ball type sliding rail apart from drill bit is 20cm.When saturating
When bright protective cover is in the lower end of sliding rail, transparent protective shield covers more light ruler phase laser distance meters 1,2 and of three-dimensional electronic compass
Data storage 3 opens the flapper of transparent protective shield lower end, when transparent protective shield is slid into sliding rail upper end, more light rulers
Phase laser distance meter 1, three-dimensional electronic compass 2 and data storage 3 expose transparent protective shield.
Embodiment 2
In the present embodiment, consider that the structure of the horizontal effective stress test device of drilling liquid pressure is similar to Fig. 1, the water
Flat effective stress test device is suitable for the testing level effective stress the drilling perpendicular to horizontal plane, including more light rulers
Phase laser distance meter 1, three-dimensional electronic compass 2, for integrating and storing more light ruler phase laser distance meters 1 and three-dimensional electronic sieve
Data storage 3, transparent protective shield 4, drilling machine 5, drilling rod 6 and the drill bit 7 of 2 measurement data of disk, drilling rod includes Ruo Duogen, each brill
It is connected through a screw thread between bar, drill bit 7 is connect by drilling rod 6 with drilling machine 5, and the bore diameter that drill bit drills through is bigger than drilling rod outer diameter
The measurement accuracy of 10cm, more light ruler phase laser distance meters 1 are 2.3mm, according to the size and measurement accuracy of the laser range finder
It is required that may be selected, from buying on the market, customized production also to may be selected, three-dimensional electronic compass 2 is using the nine axis posture courses HEC395
Frame of reference, data integration chip is equipped in data storage 3, and Intel family chips, drilling machine can be selected in data integration chip
Rotating speed be adjustable, in drilling machine slow rotation, drilling rod can be driven with the rotating speed uniform rotation of 3~5r/min.
As shown in figure 5, the outer wall of drilling rod is equipped with groove 8, groove is arc-shaped, more 1 parts of light ruler phase laser distance meter
It is horizontally installed in groove in embedded groove and by corner support part 11 and screw, three-dimensional electronic compass 2 is partially submerged into groove
In and be horizontally installed in groove by corner support part 11 and screw, corner support part 11 is right-angled corner part, by a level
It face and is formed with the cambered surface of the horizontal plane, the radian of the cambered surface is identical as the radian of drilling-rod external wall upper groove, more light rulers
Phase laser distance meter 1, three-dimensional electronic compass 2 are fixed by screws in respectively on the horizontal plane of corner support part, corner support
The cambered surface of part is fixed by screws in groove 8, and data storage 3 is installed in a groove by screw, more light ruler phase laser
Rangefinder 1 and three-dimensional electronic compass 2 are connect by data line with data storage 3 respectively.As shown in figs. 34, transparent protective shield
4 be the hollow trapezoidal stage body of bottom opening, and the lower end of transparent protective shield is equipped with opening, leads to above the opening of transparent protective shield
It crosses loose-leaf and is connected with shape and the matched flapper 10 of opening shape, installation is equipped on the edge of the opening of transparent protective shield
Hole 4-1, is equipped with shape and the installation matched convex block of hole shape at flapper position corresponding with mounting hole, and convex block is inserted into simultaneously
After being stuck in mounting hole, flapper blocks the opening of transparent protective shield lower end, transparent by convex block after being taken out in mounting hole
The opening of protective cover lower end is opened, and transparent protective shield is made by organic glass, and the good transmittance of organic glass does not influence more light rulers
Phase laser distance meter carries out range determination, and transparent protective shield is 3cm at a distance from the wall of a borehole that drill bit drills through.Transparent protective shield
Two ball type sliding rails by being parallel to drill rod axis setting are mounted on drilling-rod external wall, as shown in Fig. 2, ball type sliding rail
Distance of the lower end apart from drill bit is 20cm.When transparent protective shield is in the lower end of sliding rail, transparent protective shield covers more light ruler phases
Position laser range finder 1, three-dimensional electronic compass 2 and data storage 3, open the flapper of transparent protective shield lower end, will be transparent
When protective cover slides into sliding rail upper end, more light ruler phase laser distance meters 1, three-dimensional electronic compass 2 and data storage 3 expose
Bright protective cover.
Embodiment 3
In the present embodiment, the method using the horizontal effective stress test of test device carry out in embodiment 1 or 2 is provided
It is as follows：
1. determining the target rock mass of pending horizontal effective stress, exploring or consulting target rock mass not according to exploration data
With the lithology of depth rock stratum, the elasticity modulus and Poisson's ratio of different depth rock stratum are measured using indoor uniaxial compression test；
2. drilling through the drilling perpendicular to horizontal plane on target rock mass, drilling fluid cooling drill bit is passed through in drilling process,
After the position of more light ruler phase laser distance meters in the borehole reaches target depth, stop drilling, checks drilling rod in the borehole
Position, it is ensured that the axis of drilling rod and drilling it is axially coincident, adjust drilling machine rotating speed make drilling rod with the rotating speed of 4r/min at the uniform velocity
Rotation measures the wall of a borehole to the distance of more light ruler phase laser distance meters and records corresponding angle, is stored in data storage
In；
3. data storage is taken out and the data wherein stored are transferred to computer processing system, by three-dimensional electronic sieve
The angle-data that disk measures is matched with the range data that more light ruler phase laser distance meters measure, and is established coordinate system structure drilling and is existed
The form of sagittal plane at target depth, under the action of horizontal effective stress, the form for the sagittal plane that drills can be by initial circle
Deformation ovalisation, that is, the drilling built form of sagittal plane at target depth are oval；
The length for calculating the long axis and short axle of constructed ellipse drilling sagittal plane, is then counted according to formula (I)~(II)
Point counting does not drill the displacement in long axis and short-axis direction, and target is calculated according to the linear equation in two unknowns group of formula (I)~(II) composition
The horizontal effective stress to fathom,
In formula (I)~(II), uc,udIt is followed successively by the displacement of drilling long axis and short-axis direction, 2a, 2b are followed successively by constructed
The length of the long axis and short axle of ellipse drilling sagittal plane, d are the initial diameter of drilling, σ '1,σ‘2It is followed successively by minimum and maximum water
Flat effective stress, E are the elasticity modulus of rock mass at target survey depth, and μ is the Poisson's ratio of rock mass at target survey depth, P
For the drilling liquid pressure at target survey depth, P=γ h, γ are drilling fluid unit weight, and h is target survey depth.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of horizontal effective stress test device considering drilling liquid pressure, it is characterised in that including more light ruler phase laser
Rangefinder（1）, three-dimensional electronic compass（2）, for integrating and storing more light ruler phase laser distance meters（1）And three-dimensional electronic compass
（2）The data storage of measurement data（3）, transparent protective shield（4）, drilling machine（5）, drilling rod（6）And drill bit（7）, drill bit（7）It drills through
Bore diameter it is bigger 9 ~ 12cm than drilling rod outer diameter, more light ruler phase laser distance meters（1）, three-dimensional electronic compass（2）It is deposited with data
Reservoir（3）Mounted on drilling rod（6）On outer wall, more light ruler phase laser distance meters（1）And three-dimensional electronic compass（2）It is horizontally mounted,
More light ruler phase laser distance meters（1）And three-dimensional electronic compass（2）Pass through data line and data storage respectively（3）Connection, thoroughly
Bright protective cover（4）On drilling-rod external wall, transparent protective shield covers more light ruler phase laser distance meters（1）, three-dimensional electronic compass
（2）And data storage（3）, drill bit（7）Pass through drilling rod（6）With drilling machine（5）Connection.
2. considering the horizontal effective stress test device of drilling liquid pressure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that mostly light
Ruler phase laser distance meter（1）And three-dimensional electronic compass（2）It is installed on drilling rod by corner support part and screw（6）On outer wall.
3. considering the horizontal effective stress test device of drilling liquid pressure according to claim 2, which is characterized in that drilling rod
Outer wall is equipped with groove（8）, more light ruler phase laser distance meters（1）And three-dimensional electronic compass（2）It is partially submerged into groove simultaneously
It is fixed in groove by corner support part and screw.
4. considering the horizontal effective stress test device of drilling liquid pressure according to claim 3, it is characterised in that data
Memory（3）The groove being installed on drilling-rod external wall（8）In.
5. being filled according to considering that the horizontal effective stress of drilling liquid pressure is tested described in any claim in Claims 1-4
It sets, it is characterised in that the transparent protective shield（4）It is made by organic glass.
6. considering the horizontal effective stress test device of drilling liquid pressure according to claim 5, it is characterised in that transparent
The sliding rail that protective cover is arranged by being parallel to drill rod axis（9）On drilling-rod external wall.
7. considering the horizontal effective stress test device of drilling liquid pressure according to claim 6, which is characterized in that transparent
The upper end or lower end of protective cover are equipped with opening, are provided in the opening with flapper（10）Block opening.
8. being filled according to considering that the horizontal effective stress of drilling liquid pressure is tested described in any claim in Claims 1-4
It sets, it is characterised in that the wall surface for the drilling that transparent protective shield is drilled through with drill bit is 1 ~ 3cm closest at a distance from locating.
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| CN108344535A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-07-31 | 四川大学 | Consider the horizontal effective stress test method and test device of drilling liquid pressure |
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| CN108344535A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-07-31 | 四川大学 | Consider the horizontal effective stress test method and test device of drilling liquid pressure |
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