CN108344497A - The optical test method of underwater acoustic array mutual radiation impedance - Google Patents
The optical test method of underwater acoustic array mutual radiation impedance Download PDFInfo
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- CN108344497A CN108344497A CN201711338401.8A CN201711338401A CN108344497A CN 108344497 A CN108344497 A CN 108344497A CN 201711338401 A CN201711338401 A CN 201711338401A CN 108344497 A CN108344497 A CN 108344497A
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- acoustic
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- radiation impedance
- acoustic array
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H15/00—Measuring mechanical or acoustic impedance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
Abstract
The invention belongs to underwater sound measuring technology basic fields, relate generally to a kind of optical test method of underwater acoustic array mutual radiation impedance, its step are as follows：Acoustic array radiating surface and its radiated sound field Particle Vibration Velocity information are obtained using laser vibration measurer, then utilize classical acoustic matrix mutual radiation impedance theoretical calculation.The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The deficiency that common insertion type acoustic matrix mutually radiates test method is overcome using contactless test method, solve method and accurate test problem needed for underwater acoustic array mutual radiation impedance test under low-frequency high-power, mutual radiation patterns are provided for underwater acoustic array speed control, strong technical guarantee is provided to the development of low-frequency high-power acoustic array.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to underwater sound technical field of measurement and test, mainly a kind of optic test side of underwater acoustic array mutual radiation impedance
Method.
Background technology
With the development of underwater acoustic technology, underwater sound applying frequency is gradually extended to low frequency.In order to increase to the remote of submarine target
Journey detects and pre-alerting ability, especially to solve effective detection to low noise acoustic target.Active sonar battle array is just gradually to low frequency, big
Aperture, high power direction are developed, and sufficiently high transmission power are realized in order to interior in a limited space, in the design of active sonar battle array
Middle array element generally use solid matter mode is structured the formation.When array element spacing is unsatisfactory for the minimum requirements of 1/4 wavelength, generated between array element mutual
Effect (causing mutually to radiate) can cause the efficiency for actively emitting basic matrix to reduce, and cannot form expected directive property, or even occur
Individual primitives absorb acoustical power, damage transmitting equipment, the serious damage that can lead to entire sonar battle array.Currently, active service or
All it has been found that the influence mutually radiated, especially influences in the case that high-power in the development process for the Low-Frequency Active Sonar equipment ground
It is more obvious, so that the performance of certain working frequency points and design is generated deviation.The impedance method mutually radiated usually using test belongs to
Insertion type is tested, and is all carried out under conditions of relatively small signal, there are prodigious with the practical service environment of sonar
Difference cannot accurately reflect the actual performance of sonar.Therefore, big work(can not be carried out in view of existing insertion type test method
The metrology and measurement that acoustic array array element mutually radiates under the conditions of rate needs to carry out the contactless mutual radiation resistance of Low-Frequency Active Sonar equipment
Anti- Study on Test Method.
Invention content
Project of the present invention provides a kind of water to overcome the shortcomings of existing insertion type acoustic array radiation impedance test method
The optical test method of lower acoustic array mutual radiation impedance, it is proposed that contactless optical means test acoustic array radiation impedance
Method solves the test problem in a burst of first mutual radiation impedance of high-power lower Low-Frequency Active Sonar.
The purpose of the present invention is by following technical solution to complete.The optics of this underwater acoustic array mutual radiation impedance
Test method includes the following steps：
(1), its surface or radiated sound field information when extracting underwater acoustic array work using vibration measurement with laser technology, by swashing
Surface vibration velocity is distributed or extracts its radiation sound in acoustic array radiated sound field when optical interferometer directly test is tested acoustic matrix work
Water particle vibration velocity is distributed in；
(2), underwater acoustic array array element radiation impedance and its mutual radiation impedance are carried out using the classical mutual theory of radiation of acoustic matrix
Estimation.
Further, the optical method extracts the vibration distribution on underwater acoustic matrix surface or the process of radiated sound field information
It is directly to test to be tested surface vibration velocity distribution when acoustic matrix works or extract in acoustic array radiated sound field using laser interferometer
Water particle vibration velocity is distributed in its radiated sound field, then radiation impedance and its mutual spoke by classical mutual theory of radiation to acoustic matrix array element
Impedance is penetrated to be estimated.Whole process is all non-intervention type, will not generate additional oscillating mass to acoustic matrix.Vibration measurement with laser
When working for underwater acoustic matrix in its surface vibration velocity or its radiated sound field in water particle vibration velocity extraction, to the former using classical sound
Battle array radiation impedance theory is estimated, classical acoustic matrix array element spoke is used after needing near field sound field inverting to acoustic matrix surface to the latter
Impedance theory is penetrated to be calculated.
Purpose of the present invention is to the surface of underwater acoustic array or its radiation sound are directly scanned by contactless optical means
, the vibration velocity information of the surface vibration velocity of measurand or its radiated sound field is extracted by laser doppler vialog, so
Afterwards calculating assessment is carried out using classical acoustic matrix mutual radiation impedance theory.For different test objects, the mode of realization is also omited
Different, specific testing procedure is as follows：
(1) transmitter encourages acoustic array radiated sound field, laser vibration measurer to emit laser beam to tested sound base by sound transmitting window
The surface (or membrane surface (being placed in the radiated sound field of acoustic array)) of battle array, extracts the vibration velocity of measured point, passes through laser
The test of the vibration velocity to the radiating surface of entire acoustic array is realized in the scanning of beam；
(2) measured surface vibration velocity is distributed, is calculated with classical acoustic matrix mutual radiation impedance theory, so that it may with
The mutual radiation impedance of acoustic array is tested under to institute's measured frequency；
(3) change driving frequency, repeat the process of (1) and (2), so that it may to obtain the radiation of acoustic matrix under different operating frequency
Impedance.
In the present invention, vibration measurement with laser technology is used for the test of acoustic matrix surface emissivity sound field vibration velocity, it is this to utilize optics
Non-contact, the undisturbed having are tested, the characteristics of additional mass influences is not generated on testee, overcomes conventional intervention
Formula test method can bring the quality of attachment to influence to acoustic matrix, meanwhile, it also avoids since insertion type can be directly the big of acoustic matrix
In Feedback of Power to test equipment equipment, it be easy to cause the damage of test equipment equipment.Meanwhile using laser in acoustic matrix array element table
Quick scanning in face or radiated sound field can solve the acquisition speed and testing efficiency of low frequency large aperture acoustic matrix radiation information.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：Non-contact, the undisturbed having using optic test do not generate testee
The characteristics of additional mass influences, overcoming conventional insertion type test method can bring the quality of attachment to influence to acoustic matrix, meanwhile,
It also avoids directly feeding back in test equipment equipment the high-power of acoustic matrix due to insertion type, be easy to cause test equipment and set
Standby damage.Meanwhile the extraction using laser vibration measurer to acoustic matrix array element surface vibration velocity, it solves classical acoustic matrix and mutually radiates
The problem of the acquisition of vibration velocity needed for impedance theory calculating so that the radiation impedance of underwater acoustic matrix obtains accurate evaluation.
Its implementation result includes mainly：(1) it is high-power lower right to may be implemented using the contactless a burst of first radiation impedance test of sonar
The test of acoustic array mutual radiation impedance solves the problems, such as the high-power lower acoustic array mutual radiation impedance accurately required method of test.(2)
Realize that is greatly improved sweeps to the non-contact scanning on acoustic array surface or its radiated sound field using the optical means of vibration measurement with laser
The efficiency retouched improves the extraction accuracy for radiating multiple sound field acoustic pressure and vibration velocity to acoustic array, improves measuring accuracy.(3) lead to
The test for crossing the distribution of first mutual radiation impedance a burst of to sonar, can obtain the mutual radiation impedance model between array elements, pass through
Speed control is carried out to array elements, eliminates the negative effect mutually radiated, the electroacoustic effect for improving array is mutually radiated using acoustic array
Rate improves the performance of sonar battle array, realizes the effective control mutually radiated to acoustic array, has to the design of sonar battle array highly important
Meaning.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 laser vibration measurers detect vibrating body surface particle vibration velocity principle schematic.
The a burst of member of underwateracoustics of the Fig. 2 based on vibration measurement with laser method mutually radiates the test block diagram of system.
Specific implementation mode
Detailed introduction is done to the present invention below in conjunction with attached drawing：
Underwater acoustic array due to being influenced by size, structure the formation by generally use solid matter.Especially in low frequency operation due to battle array
First spacing is unsatisfactory for 1/4 wavelength, therefore there is the influence mutually radiated between array element.This influence can reduce the working efficiency of basic matrix,
Basic matrix can be damaged when serious.Under normal conditions, it can be tested with the mutual radiation test method of insertion type under low-frequency low-power.
But modern novel sonar is operated under low-frequency high-power mostly.The test system of existing insertion type is arbitrarily under high-power
Test equipment can be damaged, error is brought to tested acoustic array.And underwater acoustic matrix is tested using the optical means of non-intervention type
Mutual radiation impedance, we test underwater acoustic array or energy converter radiated sound field or the optics of surface vibration using laser vibration measurer
Method, then estimated by classical acoustic matrix mutual radiation impedance theory, to obtain the mutual radiation impedance distribution of acoustic matrix array element.Mesh
Before, the optical means testing research of underwater acoustic array mutual radiation impedance has been completed in we, and obtains more satisfactory result.
Acoustic array is mutually radiated common Impedance Analysis, three-voltage method, vector splitting method and is tested using vibrating sensor
The surface vibration distribution of array element belongs to traditional insertion type test method, is only applicable to low power test, but sonar battle array
Practical be operated under high-power mostly, be easy to cause the damage of test equipment.For this purpose, we are opened using vibration measurement with laser technology
The exhibition research that mutually radiation is tested, the accurate test to acoustic array radiation impedance is realized using non-contacting optical means.
● vibration measurement with laser principle
Vibration measurement with laser technology is a kind of non-contact, undisturbed measuring technology, without generating additional mass to testee
Influence, therefore can reflect the indeed vibrations of object.Simultaneously as the excellent convergence of laser thus laser testing method tool
There is very high spatial resolution.The vibration characteristics of generally use laser vibration measurer test measurand has two class methods, one is
Indirectly testing, the radiated sound field that vibrating object is obtained using laser vibration measurer are distributed, another is direct test vibration body surface
Surface vibration speed.Former is due to the effect of acoustooptical interaction in radiated sound field to be considered, and latter is then that comparison is direct, is not required to
Consider acoustooptical effect.Therefore, we select direct method of testing, and vibrating body surface particle vibration velocity is detected using laser vibration measurer,
Its test philosophy schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 1.
Emit sound wave into aqueous medium when transmitting basic matrix work, the surface of each unit all vibrates, and utilizes laser
The laser beam of vialog is incident on the surface of vibration unit, laser beam return laser light vialog solution after vibrating body surface reflection
Code output, you can obtain the Oscillation Amplitude magnitude of tested array element surface particle.Therefore, shaking by laser testing vibrating body surface
Speed can be obtained the surface particle vibration velocity u information of vibrating body at acoustic array array element laser light incident point.
Under Condition of Spherical Wave, the relationship between acoustic pressure and vibration velocity can be represented by the formula：
In formula, r is the propagation distance of sound wave；A is a constant amount related with intensity of acoustic wave；K=2 π/λ are wave number；c
It is the velocity of sound in water；T is the propagation time；ρ is the density of aqueous medium；λ is underwater acoustic wave wavelength.
The surface vibration velocity for emitting basic matrix is tested using laser vibration measurer, functional block diagram such as Fig. 2 institutes of test
Show, in Fig. 2, pumping signal, the transmitting of driving power amplifier drive occur for the arbitrarily signal generating device that computer controls multichannel
Each acoustic module of basic matrix makes transmitting basic matrix emit sound wave；The laser beam of computer control laser vibration measurer passes through light inlet window
It is scanned the vibration on the surface for testing each module to transmitting basic matrix Modular surface, obtains surface vibration velocity.
● mutually radiate test philosophy
Transmitting transducer can be acted on while radiative acoustic wave by sound field, show as the medium close to vibration plane to it
The active force of application.The active force with by vibration plane be applied to medium power numerically equal and direction on the contrary, depending on patch
Acoustic pressure in the medium in the nearly face.Medium can be obtained to vibration plane along the integral of vibration plane according to acoustic pressure distribution on the surface of emission
Active force, and the acoustic pressure in sound field is directly proportional with the particle vibration velocity of medium at this, i.e.,：
P=uZ0
It is usually identical with the normal direction vibration velocity of the surface of emission close to the normal direction vibration velocity of the medium particle of the surface of emission, then emit
Acoustic pressure distribution on face can be expressed as：
Pa=ua·Za
U in formulaa：Normal direction vibration velocity on the surface of emission；Za：Close to the medium wave impedance of the surface of emission.
The radiation impedance of acoustic radiator is decided by effect of the acoustic pressure to the radiating surface of radiator.Because of each spoke in basic matrix
Emitter is in the radiated sound field of entire battle array, and the acoustic pressure on its face is radiation field acoustic pressure of all array elements also including itself
Superposition.Therefore the global radiation impedance of each array element includes the effect of itself radiation field and the work of other array element radiation fields in basic matrix
With.When other array elements are not vibrated, radiation impedance when single radiator radiates is referred to as self-radiation impedance.Radiator is in sound field
By the active force of other radiator sound fields, in order to keep itself strength of sound source certain, the motive force of mechanical system necessarily has
Changed.Since amplitude remains unchanged, and radiating surface is changed by the active force of sound field, this shows the global radiation resistance of radiator
It is anti-to change.Cause the part changed since other sound sources act on, is exactly to be removed outside self-radiation impedance in global radiation impedance
Part be exactly mutual radiation impedance caused by.Therefore array element sound compound action can use the interaction force table of radiation field in basic matrix
Show, can also be indicated with mutual radiation impedance.
Assuming that there is n sound source in sound field.The vibration velocity of each sound source is respectively u1,u2,u3…un.In this vibration velocity distribution situation
Under, the total force that No. 1 source radiation face is entered the court is F1, it is clear that it is acted on itself radiating surface from body radiation field acoustic pressure for No. 1
The power of generation acts on the sum of the power generated on No. 1 source radiation face with other source radiation field acoustic pressures, i.e.,
Wherein：f11--- No. 1 radiator itself radiation field acoustic pressure acts on the power of itself radiating surface generation；
fin--- n radiator radiation field acoustic pressures act on the power of i radiator radiating surfaces generation.
The total radiation impedance of i radiators is：
Due to sound source generate field and strength of sound source it is directly proportional, under uniform amplitude distribution situation, the acoustic pressure of radiation field and
The vibration velocity of radiating surface is directly proportional, it is possible to filIt is write as：
fil=Zilul
It can then obtain
Wherein ZilIndicate l unit vibration velocity sound field reflectings in the power on the face of the sources i, referred to as mutual radiation of the sources l to the sources i
Impedance, abbreviation mutual impedance.
When radiator is with same vibration velocity and phase oscillation, then the radiation impedance for the basic matrix being made of n array element is exactly
By principles above it is found that as long as test obtains multiple vibration velocity, multiple acoustic pressure distribution and the array element table on each array element surface
The sound radiation pressure generated by other array elements at the position of face, you can acquire certainly/mutual radiation impedance of each array element.
The a burst of first surface vibration velocity of underwateracoustic is directly tested using laser vibration measurer, according still further to the classical mutual spoke of acoustic matrix array element
Penetrate theoretical model, the surface vibration velocity that computer is obtained by laser vibration measurer, after carrying out mutually radiation calculation processing
Obtain acoustic energy distribution and the radiation impedance distribution of each Modular surface, so that it may obtain mutual radiation impedance.
It is understood that it will be understood by those skilled in the art that being subject to technical scheme of the present invention and inventive concept
The protection domain of appended claims of the invention should all be belonged to replacement or change.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of optical test method of underwater acoustic array mutual radiation impedance, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
(1), its surface or radiated sound field information, dry by laser when extracting underwater acoustic array work using vibration measurement with laser technology
Surface vibration velocity is distributed or in acoustic array radiated sound field extracts its radiated sound field when interferometer directly test is tested acoustic matrix work
Water particle vibration velocity is distributed；
(2), estimating for underwater acoustic array array element radiation impedance and its mutual radiation impedance is carried out using the classical mutual theory of radiation of acoustic matrix
It calculates.
2. the optical test method of underwater acoustic array mutual radiation impedance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Laser
When vibration measuring works for underwater acoustic matrix in its surface vibration velocity or its radiated sound field in water particle vibration velocity extraction, to the former using passing through
Allusion quotation acoustic matrix radiation impedance theory is estimated, classical acoustic matrix battle array is used after needing near field sound field inverting to acoustic matrix surface to the latter
First radiation impedance theory is calculated.
3. the optical test method of underwater acoustic array mutual radiation impedance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Specific packet
Include following steps：
(1), transmitter encourages acoustic array radiated sound field, laser vibration measurer to emit laser beam to tested acoustic array by sound transmitting window
Surface or the membrane surface being placed in the radiated sound field of acoustic array, extract the vibration velocity of measured point, pass through sweeping for laser beam
Retouch the test for realizing the vibration velocity to the radiating surface of entire acoustic array；
(2), measured surface vibration velocity is distributed, is calculated with classical acoustic matrix mutual radiation impedance theory, obtains institute's frequency measurement
The mutual radiation impedance of acoustic array is tested under rate；
(3), change driving frequency, repeat the process of (1) and (2), obtain the radiation impedance of acoustic matrix under different operating frequency.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112949124A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-06-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Underwater cylindrical shell low-frequency sound radiation forecasting method based on sound pressure decomposition |
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Application publication date: 20180731 |