CN108342296B - Continuous dry process anaerobic reactor capable of treating non-fluidized raw materials - Google Patents
Continuous dry process anaerobic reactor capable of treating non-fluidized raw materials Download PDFInfo
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- C12M41/44—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of volume or liquid level
Abstract
The invention discloses a continuous dry anaerobic reactor capable of processing non-fluidized raw materials, which comprises a reactor main body and a reactor top cover, wherein the reactor main body is divided into a fermentation section and a solid-liquid separation discharging section, the fermentation section is provided with a material conveying device and comprises m material bearing laminated plates, the space above each material bearing laminated plate is equally divided into n-1 fermentation blocks and 1 raw material falling opening by n material pushing plates, the reactor also comprises a material pushing plate driving shaft for driving the material pushing plates to rotate, and the solid-liquid separation discharging section is positioned below the material bearing laminated plate at the bottom layer of the fermentation section and is used for receiving materials below the fermentation section and performing solid-liquid separation and solid residue discharging on the materials. The invention adopts a regional division and sectional layered design, can realize the continuous dry anaerobic treatment of non-fluidized raw materials, has sufficient compatibility especially for the materials which are mixed by domestic garbage and other components in China and are difficult to be properly pretreated, and greatly expands the range of the raw materials suitable for the anaerobic technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of anaerobic treatment of biomass wastes, in particular to a continuous dry anaerobic reactor capable of treating non-fluidized raw materials (particularly domestic garbage mixed with components and the like).
Background
The anaerobic fermentation technology is an effective way for biomass waste treatment and resource utilization, and the dry anaerobic fermentation has the main advantages of wide raw material adaptability, high volumetric gas production rate and low biogas slurry production compared with the wet anaerobic fermentation, and has gradually become a hotspot for research and application in recent years. The process types of dry anaerobic fermentation can be divided into two types of continuous and intermittent, the continuous dry anaerobic fermentation can be divided into two types of continuous stirring and plug flow, and the intermittent dry anaerobic fermentation can be divided into two types of batch and sequencing batch.
At present, the dry anaerobic engineering application at home and abroad is mainly intermittent dry fermentation represented by a film covering type and a garage type, and a large amount of waste gas is emptied and restarted after each fermentation period is finished, so that the environmental pollution is caused; meanwhile, due to the fact that the device is discontinuous, occupies a large area, and has the essential problems that materials are not easy to disturb (poor in mass and heat transfer), operation steps are complicated and the like, the industrial popularization of the device is limited.
For continuous dry anaerobic fermentation, research and application are carried out in some developed countries in europe, and most representative are Dranco dry fermentation process by OWS, belgium, valoga dry fermentation process by valoga INTERNATIONAL s.a.s., france, KOMPOGAS BRV by KOMPOGAS, sweden, and the like. However, the foreign continuous dry anaerobic technology and equipment mainly treat agricultural crops and well-classified domestic organic wastes, are semi-dry materials with single components and certain fluidity after homogenization treatment, and are not suitable for non-fluid materials with mixed components in China.
At present, the demand of harmlessness, reduction and recycling for non-fluidized biomass wastes, especially domestic wastes and the like with mixed components, is more and more urgent in China, and therefore, the further development of the continuous dry-process anaerobic reactor is more and more urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up the defects of the prior art, and provides a continuous dry anaerobic reactor capable of treating non-fluidized raw materials, so as to realize the maximum inclusion and continuous treatment of solid biomass waste entering an anaerobic system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a continuous dry anaerobic reactor capable of processing non-fluidized raw materials is a sealed tank body with a feed inlet, and comprises a reactor main body and a reactor top cover, wherein the interior of the reactor is divided into a fermentation section and a solid-liquid separation discharge section;
the fermentation section comprises m layers of material bearing laminates fixed in a reactor main body from top to bottom, wherein m is more than or equal to 2, the space above each layer of material bearing laminates is equally divided into n-1 fermentation blocks and 1 raw material falling port by n material pushing plates, n is more than or equal to 2, the raw material falling port is a position reserved for the material bearing laminates, a driving shaft penetrating through all the material bearing laminates is arranged along the central axis of the reactor main body, the material pushing plates are fixed on the driving shaft, the driving shaft extends out of the reactor and is connected with a driving motor for providing power for the driving shaft to drive the material pushing plates to rotate according to a set frequency, and the rotation angle of each time is 360 degrees/n;
the positions of the raw material falling openings of the material bearing laminated plates are arranged in the following mode: the raw material falling port of the material bearing layer plate on the uppermost layer is a position which is arranged below the feed port and rotates 360 degrees/n against the rotating direction of the driving shaft corresponding to the position of the fermentation block, and the position of the raw material falling port of each layer of material bearing layer plate below is arranged by rotating 360 degrees/n against the rotating direction of the driving shaft compared with the position of the raw material falling port of the upper layer of material bearing layer plate;
the solid-liquid separation discharging section is positioned below the lowest material bearing laminate of the fermentation section and is used for receiving the materials under the fermentation section, performing solid-liquid separation on the materials and discharging solid residues.
Further, the solid-liquid separation discharging section is provided with a material guide plate with a filtering hole, a spiral discharging device and a biogas slurry storage tank; the material guide plate with the filtering holes is fan-shaped or funnel-shaped and is obliquely and downwards arranged right below a raw material falling port of the lowest material bearing layer plate; the biogas slurry storage tank is positioned at the lowest part of the reactor main body;
spiral discharger is including connecing material mouthful, the transport screw that is used for carrying the material, filtrating board, discharge gate and discharge gate sealer, connects the material mouthful and takes the filtration pore stock guide lower extreme to link to each other, and the filtrating board sets up on spiral discharger is higher than the outer wall of natural pond liquid storage tank liquid level, and the discharge gate stretches out outside the reactor main part, and its position is higher than connecing the material mouthful.
The reactor top cover, the material bearing layer plate and the material pushing plate are all of a double-layer hollow sandwich structure, the driving shaft is of a hollow structure, the reactor top cover is provided with a reactor top cover hollow sandwich layer, the material bearing layer plate is provided with a material bearing layer plate hollow sandwich layer, the material pushing plate is provided with a material pushing plate hollow sandwich layer, the driving shaft is provided with a driving shaft hollow layer, the material pushing plate hollow sandwich layer is communicated with the driving shaft hollow layer, liquid spraying holes are distributed in the reactor top cover, material bearing layer plate through holes are distributed in the material bearing layer plate, and material pushing plate through holes are distributed in the material pushing plate;
the reactor has still been equipped with and has sprayed filtration system, and it includes the pump, sprays the feed pipe, spray and supply the liquid branch pipe and spray back the liquid pipe, and the pump is installed on spraying the feed pipe, sprays feed pipe one end and links to each other with natural pond liquid storage tank, and the other end sprays respectively and supplies liquid branch pipe and reactor top cap cavity intermediate layer and each holds material plywood cavity intermediate layer to link to each other, and the other end that sprays the feed pipe still links to each other with the bottom on drive shaft hollow layer, and the top on drive shaft hollow layer is through spraying back the liquid pipe and link to each other with.
The innovation of the invention is that the reactor structure is designed in a grid and sectional layered manner, the motion form of materials in the reactor and an omnibearing circulating spraying mode are adopted, the high-efficiency circulation and treatment of non-fluid materials in the reactor are realized, the fundamental problem of poor mass transfer and heat transfer of a dry fermentation system is solved to a greater extent, and the compatibility of an anaerobic treatment technology to raw materials is greatly improved.
As an improvement of the invention, the through hole of the material bearing layer plate is a round hole with the diameter of 3-10mm or a waist-shaped hole with the length of 10-100mm and the width of 3-10 mm; the through hole of the material pushing plate is a round hole with the diameter of 3-10mm or a waist-shaped hole with the length of 10-50mm and the width of 3-10 mm; the material guide plate with the filtering holes and the filtrate plate are distributed with filtering holes, and the filtering holes are round holes with the diameter of 3-10mm or waist-shaped holes with the length of 10-100mm and the width of 3-10 mm.
Furthermore, the through hole of the material bearing layer plate is a round hole with the diameter of 5-8mm or a waist-shaped hole with the length of 10-100mm and the width of 5-8 mm; the through hole of the material pushing plate is a round hole with the diameter of 4-6mm or a waist-shaped hole with the length of 10-50mm and the width of 4-6 mm; the material guide plate with the filtering holes and the filtrate plate are distributed with filtering holes, and the filtering holes are round holes with the diameter of 5-8mm or waist-shaped holes with the length of 10-100mm and the width of 5-8 mm.
As an improvement of the invention, the included angle between the central axis of the spiral discharging device and the horizontal plane is 15-75 degrees.
Further, the included angle between the central axis of the spiral discharging device and the horizontal plane is 45-60 degrees.
As an improvement of the invention, the biogas slurry storage tank is also provided with a liquid level sensor. The device is used for monitoring and controlling the liquid level in the biogas slurry storage tank, and when the liquid level exceeds a specified position, partial biogas slurry is discharged by using a pipeline.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts a zone-lattice sectional layered design, firstly, a reactor is integrally divided into a fermentation section and a solid-liquid separation discharging section 2 large functional zone, then a material bearing layer plate and a material pushing plate are utilized to divide the fermentation section into a plurality of fermentation blocks according to the retention time (HRT) of the material to be treated in the reactor, each batch of feeding materials is filled with one fermentation block, the material is enabled to gradually move downwards in sequence under the action of mechanical force and gravity in combination with the special structure of the fermentation section, thereby realizing the high-efficiency circulation and treatment of the non-fluid material in the reactor, simultaneously, the turnover and disturbance are formed in the falling process of the material from an upper layer to a lower layer of the material bearing layer plate, and the fundamental problem of poor mass transfer and heat transfer of a dry fermentation system is solved to a greater extent in combination with the surrounding omnibearing biogas slurry circulating spraying from the material bearing layer plate and the material pushing plate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall structural view of a reactor of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the fermentation section of the reactor of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structural decomposition and material movement path of the fermentation section of the reactor of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of the material receiving deck plate and the material pushing plate of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a biogas slurry recycle flow diagram of the spray infiltration system of the reactor of the present invention;
description of reference numerals: q1-fermentation section; q2-solid-liquid separation discharge section; q3-spray diafiltration system; 1-a reactor body; 2-reactor head cover; 2 a-a reactor top cover hollow interlayer; 3-a feed inlet; 4-a material pushing plate; 4 a-a hollow interlayer of the material pushing plate; 5-a fixing piece; 6-bearing material layer plate; 6 a-a hollow interlayer of a material bearing laminate; 7-raw material drop opening; 8-a pusher plate through hole; 9-a through hole of the material bearing laminate; 10-a material guide plate with filter holes; 11-a spiral discharging device; 12-receiving a material port; 13-conveying screw; 14-filtrate plate; 15-a discharge hole; 16-discharge port sealer; 17-a biogas slurry storage tank; 18-a liquid level sensor; 19-a pump; 20-a spray liquid supply pipe; 21-spraying liquid supply branch pipes; 22-a spray liquid return pipe; 23-a drive motor; 24-a drive shaft; 24 a-drive shaft hollow layer; d1, D2, … … D [ (n-1) × m ] -fermentation blocks.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1 to 5, a continuous dry anaerobic reactor capable of processing non-fluidized raw materials, comprising a reactor main body 1 and a reactor top cover 2 enclosing to form a closed inner space, a feed inlet 3 is arranged on the reactor top cover 2, the region of the reactor top cover 2 avoiding the feed inlet 3 is a double-layer hollow sandwich structure, and liquid spraying holes communicated with the reactor top cover hollow sandwich 2a are uniformly distributed in the inner layer of the reactor top cover 2. The interior of the reactor is divided into two functional areas of a fermentation section Q1 and a solid-liquid separation discharge section Q2, and a spraying infiltration system Q3 is matched to realize the circulating spraying inoculation of materials in the reactor.
The fermentation section Q1 is provided with m layers of material bearing layer plates 6, and the space above each layer of material bearing layer plate 6 is divided into n-1 fermentation blocks and 1 raw material falling port 7 by n material pushing plates 4; a driving shaft 24 is arranged along the central axis of the reactor main body 1 and penetrates through the fermentation section Q1, the upper part of the driving shaft 24 extends out of the reactor top cover 2 to be connected with a driving motor 23 to provide rotating power for the driving shaft 24, the driving shaft 24 is of a hollow structure, and the inside of the driving shaft is a driving shaft hollow layer 24 a.
The material bearing laminated plate 6 is fixed on the inner wall of the reactor main body 1 from top to bottom in a horizontal equal-layer-distance layered mode, does not rotate along with the driving shaft 24, and is a platform for bearing anaerobic treatment materials. Each material bearing layer plate 6 is of a double-layer hollow sandwich structure, and the hollow sandwich layer 6a of the material bearing layer plate in the material bearing layer plate is used for facilitating the biogas slurry for spraying to flow in the material bearing layer plate. The material bearing layer plate 6 is distributed with material bearing layer plate through holes 9 which are round holes (the diameter phi is 3-10mm, preferably 5-8mm) or waist-shaped holes (the length L is 10-100mm and the width W is 3-10mm, preferably 5-8mm according to the actual process requirement), and the material bearing layer plate through holes 9 are preferably waist-shaped holes in order to avoid blockage to the maximum extent.
The material pushing plates 4 are fixed on the driving shaft 24 by the fixing piece 5, all the material pushing plates 4 rotate together with the driving shaft 24, each time the material pushing plates rotate 360 degrees/n (n is the number of the material pushing plates 4 matched with each layer of the material bearing layer plate 6), and the rotating frequency R is determined according to the feeding frequency, and is preferably 1 day or 0.5 day. Each material pushing plate 4 is of a double-layer hollow sandwich structure, and a hollow sandwich layer 4a of the material pushing plate in the material pushing plate is communicated with a hollow layer 24a of the driving shaft, so that the biogas slurry for spraying can conveniently circulate in the material pushing plate. The material pushing plate 4 is distributed with material pushing plate through holes 8 which are round holes (the diameter phi is 3-10mm, preferably 4-6mm) or waist-shaped holes (the length L is 10-50mm and the width W is 3-10mm, preferably 4-6mm according to the actual process requirement).
The fermentation block and the raw material falling port 7 are positioned in a space between every two material bearing layer plates 6 (the first layer material bearing layer plate 6 and the reactor top cover 2), the space is averagely divided into n parts by n material pushing plates 4, wherein 1 part is the raw material falling port 7 (the position of the material bearing layer plate 6 corresponding to the raw material falling port is empty, namely, no support is provided for the material, so that the material can fall to the next layer material bearing layer plate 6), and the rest n-1 parts are the fermentation block. Each batch of materials entering the reactor from the feed inlet 3 are filled into the corresponding fermentation block D1 below the feed inlet 3, the material pushing plate 4 synchronously rotates at the rotating frequency (feeding frequency) R of the driving shaft 24, the materials in each fermentation block are pushed by 360 DEG/n in the rotating direction every R (day) to enter the next fermentation block, namely, each batch of materials entering the reactor stay [ (n-1) × R ] (day) on each layer of material bearing plate 6, each batch of materials are pushed to the raw material falling port 7 of the layer of material bearing plate 6 by the material pushing plate 4 at the nth × R (day) of each layer of material bearing plate 6 and fall to the fermentation block of the next layer of material bearing plate 6. In order to ensure that the residence time of each batch of materials on each material bearing plate 6 is [ (n-1) × R ] (day), the position layout of the raw material falling port 7 meets the following conditions: the raw material falling port 7 of the uppermost material bearing layer plate 6 is a position which is arranged below the feed port 3 and corresponds to the fermentation block D1 and rotates 360 degrees/n along the rotating direction of the driving shaft 24, and the position of the raw material falling port 7 of each lower layer of material bearing layer plate 6 is arranged more than the position of the raw material falling port 7 of the upper layer of material bearing layer plate 6 and rotates 360 degrees/n along the rotating direction of the driving shaft 24. Therefore, the anaerobic treatment time of the materials in the reactor can be guaranteed to be [ (n-1) × R × m ] (days), n is the number of material pushing plates matched with each layer of material bearing plate, R is the rotation frequency of the material pushing plates, m is the total number of the material bearing plates, and the specific process parameters are determined according to actual conditions (if n is 4, R is 1 and m is 10, the residence time of each batch of materials entering the reactor in the fermentation section Q1 is (4-1) × 1 is 10 ═ 30 days).
The solid-liquid separation discharging section Q2 is connected under the lowest layer of material bearing laminate 6 of the fermentation section Q1, is used for receiving the material which falls from the fermentation section Q1 and is subjected to anaerobic treatment, and discharging solid residues of the material, and mainly comprises a material guide plate with filtering holes 10, a spiral discharging device 11 and a biogas slurry storage tank 17.
The material guide plate 10 with the filtering holes is a fan-shaped or funnel-shaped part corresponding to the raw material falling port 7 of the lowest layer of the material bearing laminate 6, and plays a role in bearing the blanking of the fermentation section and the primary solid-liquid separation. The upper end of the material guide plate with filtering holes 10 is fixed on the inner wall of the reactor main body 1 right below the fermentation section, then the material guide plate with filtering holes integrally extends obliquely downwards and is connected with a material receiving port 12 of the spiral discharging device 11, filtering holes are distributed on the wall surface of the material guide plate with filtering holes 10, the filtering holes are round holes (the diameter phi is 3-10mm, preferably 5-8mm) or waist-shaped holes (the length L is 10-100mm, the width W is 3-10mm, preferably 5-8mm according to the actual process requirement), and the waist-shaped holes are preferably selected as the filtering holes to avoid blockage to the greatest extent.
The spiral discharging device 11 mainly comprises a material receiving port 12, a conveying spiral 13, a filtrate plate 14, a material discharging port 15 and a material discharging port sealer 16. In order to facilitate solid-liquid separation, the material receiving port 12 of the spiral discharging device 11 is obliquely arranged downwards and the material discharging port 15 is obliquely arranged upwards, the oblique angle is 15-75 degrees, preferably 45-60 degrees, and the material discharging port 15 extends out of the reactor main body 1. The material that slides down by taking filtration pore stock guide 10 gets into spiral discharger 11 in through connecing material mouth 12, and carry screw 13 to rotate and carry the material forward (upwards to one side), and spiral discharger 11 has been arranged filtrate board 14 on being close to the wall of discharge gate 15 end (in the reactor), and it has the filtration pore to distribute on the filtrate board 14, and the filtration pore is the round hole (diameter)
Taking a hole with the length of 3-10mm, preferably 5-8mm) or a waist-shaped hole (the length L is 10-100mm according to the actual process requirement; the width W is 3-10mm, preferably 5-8mm), and the filtering holes are preferably kidney-shaped holes in order to avoid blockage to the maximum extent.
The blanking of the fermentation section Q1 slides down to the spiral discharging device 11 through the material guide plate with filter holes 10, and the liquid components in the material are percolated into the biogas slurry storage tank 17 through the filter holes on the material guide plate with filter holes 10 in the sliding down process, so as to realize preliminary solid-liquid separation; the lower part of the guide plate with filter holes 10 is connected with a material receiving port 12 of a spiral discharger 11, materials entering the spiral discharger 11 from the material receiving port 12 are sent out of the reactor by a conveying screw 13, in the conveying process, the materials pass through a filter liquid plate 14 arranged at the bottom of the spiral discharger 11, liquid components (biogas liquid) in the materials are filtered out through filter holes in the filter liquid plate 14 under the triple effects of centrifugal force, gravity and mechanical extrusion force, secondary solid-liquid separation on the materials is formed, and finally solid residues are discharged out of the reactor through a discharge port 15.
The biogas slurry storage tank 17 is positioned at the lowest part of the reactor, is also the lowest part of the solid-liquid separation discharge section Q1, mainly comprises the biogas slurry storage tank 17 and a liquid level sensor 18, and plays a role in receiving and temporarily storing the percolate biogas slurry and providing a biogas slurry source for the spraying percolation system Q3. Because the water content of the discharged material after fermentation and solid-liquid separation is lower than that of the fed material, more water than the discharged material in each batch of the fed material can enter the biogas slurry storage tank 17 through percolation, the liquid level sensor 18 is used for monitoring and controlling the liquid level in the biogas slurry storage tank 17, and when the liquid level exceeds a specified position, a part of biogas slurry is discharged by using a pipeline.
The spraying percolation system Q3 mainly comprises a biogas slurry storage tank 17, a pump 19, a spraying liquid supply pipe 20, a spraying liquid supply branch pipe 21, a spraying liquid return pipe 22, a pushing plate hollow interlayer 4a, a pushing plate through hole 8, a material bearing layer plate hollow interlayer 6a, a layer plate through hole 9, a reactor top cover hollow interlayer 2a, a driving shaft hollow layer 24a and the like, can realize surrounding type all-dimensional spraying of biogas slurry to the material of the fermentation section Q1 through the reactor top cover 2, the material bearing layer plate 6 and the pushing plate 4, and has the function of enabling the biogas slurry rich in strains to circulate inside the reactor, enabling the biogas slurry to be fully contacted with the material and promoting mass transfer and heat transfer of the material and degradation of easily-rotten organic matters.
The pump 19 is a driving device of the whole set of spraying infiltration system Q3 and provides power for the flow and spraying of biogas slurry. The spray liquid supply pipe 20 is an artery of the spray percolation system Q3, and the biogas slurry output by the pump 19 is conveyed to the fermentation section Q1 of the reactor through the spray liquid supply pipe 20.
The spraying liquid supply pipe 20 is divided into two lines to supply biogas slurry to the fermentation section Q1 of the reactor, and two ways of spraying are realized:
one way of spraying is a spraying route of the material pushing plate 4, a spraying liquid supply pipe 20 supplies biogas slurry to the bottom end of a hollow layer 24a of a driving shaft, the biogas slurry is filled in the hollow layer 24a of the driving shaft and is filled upwards, a hollow interlayer 4a of the material pushing plate is communicated with the hollow layer 24a of the driving shaft, and in the process of filling the hollow layer 24a of the driving shaft with the biogas slurry, the biogas slurry flows into the hollow interlayer 4a of the material pushing plate simultaneously and is sprayed out through a through hole 8 of the material pushing plate, so that the material on a material bearing layer plate 6 is; the biogas slurry filled in the hollow layer 24a of the driving shaft overflows into the spraying liquid return pipe 22 communicated with the upper part of the hollow layer 24a of the driving shaft, and flows back to the biogas slurry storage tank 17 from the spraying liquid return pipe 22.
The other spraying mode is a spraying route of the material bearing laminate 6, wherein (m +1) groups of branch pipes (m is the total number of the material bearing laminate 6) are separated from a spraying liquid supply pipe 20, biogas slurry is respectively supplied to a hollow interlayer 6a of the material bearing laminate and a hollow interlayer 2a of the top cover of the reactor, and the biogas slurry is sprayed out through a through hole 9 of the material bearing laminate and a liquid spraying hole of the top cover 2 of the reactor to form spraying inoculation on materials in a fermentation section; all the spraying liquid seeps downwards under the action of gravity after contacting with the materials in the fermentation section, and finally returns to the biogas liquid storage tank through the through holes 9 of the material bearing laminate.
The continuous dry anaerobic reactor of the embodiment operates as follows:
the material to be treated enters the reactor from the feed inlet 3 on the top cover 2 of the reactor, falls onto the material bearing plate 6 on the 1 st layer, fills the corresponding fermentation block D1 below the feed inlet 3, all the material pushing plates 4 synchronously rotate at the rotation frequency (feeding frequency) R of the driving shaft 24, pushes the material of each fermentation block by 360 degrees/n along the rotation direction every R (day), enters the next fermentation block, namely, each batch of material entering the reactor stays [ (n-1) × R ] (day) on each material bearing plate 6, each batch of material on the nth × R (day) of each material bearing plate 6 is pushed to the material falling port 7 of the material bearing plate 6 on the layer by the material pushing plate 4 and falls to the fermentation block of the material bearing plate 6 on the next layer. Thus, the D2-D [ (n-1) × m ] fermentation blocks correspond to the batches previously fed into the reactor.
The material of the D [ (n-1) × m ] fermentation block positioned on the lowest material bearing layer plate 6 stays for (n-1) × R × m days in the reactor fermentation section Q1, and along with the rotation of the material pushing plate 4, the part of the material enters the material falling port 7 adjacent to the raw material and falls onto the material guiding plate 10 with filtering holes and is received below, so that the material enters the solid-liquid separation discharging section Q2. The material slides to the material receiving opening 12 of the spiral discharger 11 through the material guide plate 10 with the filter holes, enters the spiral discharger 11, the material entering the spiral discharger 11 is sent out of the reactor by the conveying screw 13, when the material is sent out, the material outlet sealer 16 located at the material outlet 15 is opened, and after each batch of material is sent out of the reactor, the material outlet sealer 16 is closed. The specific construction of the discharge port sealer 16 is prior art and will not be described further herein.
The solid-liquid separation function of the solid-liquid separation discharge section Q2 is realized by two sections: in the process that the material slides downwards towards the material receiving port 12 through the material guide plate 10 with the filtering holes, liquid components in the material are percolated into the biogas slurry storage tank 17 below through the filtering holes in the material guide plate 10 with the filtering holes, so that preliminary solid-liquid separation is realized; the material after preliminary solid-liquid separation enters the spiral discharging device 11, in the process of being conveyed obliquely upwards and outwards by the conveying screw 13, the material passes through the area of the filtrate plate 14 arranged at the bottom of the spiral discharging device 11, filter holes are distributed on the filtrate plate 14, when the material is pushed by the conveying screw 13 to pass through the filtrate plate 14, under the triple effects of centrifugal force, gravity and mechanical extrusion force, liquid components in the material are filtered out through the filter holes on the filtrate plate 14 and are also filtered into the biogas slurry storage tank 17 below, and secondary solid-liquid separation on the material is formed.
The whole process of 'feeding-staying-circulating-solid-liquid separating-discharging' of the reactor for materials is completed through the steps.
The reactor disclosed by the invention recycles biogas slurry to carry out spraying inoculation on internal materials, realizes the maximum degradation of perishable organic matters mixed in the biogas slurry, the sufficient contact of the materials and the biogas slurry, reduces the discharge amount of the biogas slurry to the maximum extent, and promotes and optimizes the mass and heat transfer of a fermentation system. The spraying and percolating system Q3 in the embodiment is matched with the special structure of the fermentation section Q1 and the solid-liquid separation discharge section Q2 of the reactor, and the process of realizing biogas slurry surrounding type omnibearing circulating spraying and percolating is as follows:
(1) the material pushing plate 4 has a spraying route: biogas slurry is supplied to the bottom end of the driving shaft hollow layer 24a through the spraying liquid supply pipe 20, the driving shaft hollow layer 24a is filled with the biogas slurry and is filled upwards, the pushing plate hollow interlayer 4a is communicated with the driving shaft hollow layer 24a, and the biogas slurry flows into the pushing plate hollow interlayer 4a simultaneously in the process of filling the driving shaft hollow layer 24a with the biogas slurry and is sprayed out through the pushing plate through holes 8, so that the spraying inoculation on the material bearing layer plate 6 is formed; the biogas slurry filled in the hollow layer 24a of the driving shaft overflows into the spraying liquid return pipe 22 communicated with the upper part of the hollow layer 24a of the driving shaft, and flows back to the biogas slurry storage tank 17 through the spraying liquid return pipe 22.
(2) The spraying route of the material bearing laminate 6 is as follows: a (m +1) group of branch pipes (m is the total number of the material bearing layer plates 6) are separated from the spraying liquid supply pipe 20, biogas slurry is supplied to the hollow interlayers 6a of the material bearing layer plates and the hollow interlayer 2a of the top cover of the reactor and is sprayed out through the through holes 9 of the material bearing layer plates and the liquid spraying holes of the top cover 2 of the reactor to form spraying inoculation on the material Q1 of the fermentation section; the spray liquid seeps downwards under the action of gravity after contacting with the material in the fermentation section Q1, passes through the through holes 9 of the material bearing layer plate and finally returns to the biogas liquid storage tank.
The invention innovatively adopts a zone-lattice segmented layered design, firstly, a reactor is integrally divided into two functional zones of a fermentation section Q1 and a solid-liquid separation discharging section Q2, then a material bearing layer plate 6 and a material pushing plate 4 are utilized to divide the fermentation section Q1 into a plurality of fermentation blocks according to the retention time (HRT) of a material to be processed in the reactor, each batch of fed materials is filled with one fermentation block, and the material is enabled to sequentially move downwards step by step under the action of mechanical force and gravity by combining with the special structure of the fermentation section Q1, so that the high-efficiency circulation and processing of the non-fluid material in the reactor are realized; meanwhile, in the falling process of the material from the upper layer to the lower layer material bearing plate 6, turning and disturbance are formed, and the surrounding type omnibearing biogas slurry circulating spraying from the material bearing plate 6 and the material pushing plate 4 is combined, so that the fundamental problem of poor mass transfer and heat transfer of a dry fermentation system is solved to a greater extent, the continuous dry anaerobic treatment of non-fluid raw materials can be realized, and particularly, the anaerobic treatment method has sufficient containment for the materials which are mixed with components such as domestic garbage and the like in China and are difficult to properly pretreat, and the range of raw materials applicable to the anaerobic technology is greatly expanded.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention accordingly. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present disclosure are intended to be covered by the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a can handle continuous type dry process anaerobic reactor of non-fluid state raw materials, this reactor is a sealed jar body that has the feed inlet, including reactor main part and reactor top cap, the reactor main part divide into fermentation section and solid-liquid separation ejection of compact section, its characterized in that:
the fermentation section comprises m layers of material bearing laminates fixed in the reactor main body from top to bottom, wherein m is more than or equal to 2, the space above each layer of material bearing laminates is equally divided into n-1 fermentation blocks and 1 raw material falling port by n material pushing plates, n is more than or equal to 2, and the raw material falling port is a position reserved for the material bearing laminates; a driving shaft penetrating through all material bearing layer plates is arranged along the central axis of the reactor main body, the material pushing plate is fixed on the driving shaft, the driving shaft extends out of the reactor and is connected with a driving motor, and the driving shaft is used for providing power for the driving shaft to drive the material pushing plate to rotate according to a set frequency, and the rotating angle is 360 degrees/n each time;
the positions of the raw material falling openings of the material bearing laminated plates are arranged in the following mode: the raw material falling port of the material bearing layer plate on the uppermost layer is a position which is arranged below the feed port and rotates 360 degrees/n against the rotating direction of the driving shaft corresponding to the position of the fermentation block, and the position of the raw material falling port of each layer of material bearing layer plate below is arranged by rotating 360 degrees/n against the rotating direction of the driving shaft compared with the position of the raw material falling port of the upper layer of material bearing layer plate;
the solid-liquid separation discharging section is positioned below the bottommost material bearing layer plate of the fermentation section and used for receiving materials from the fermentation section, performing solid-liquid separation and solid residue discharging, and comprises a guide plate with a filter hole, a spiral discharger and a biogas slurry storage tank, wherein the guide plate with the filter hole is fan-shaped or funnel-shaped and is obliquely and downwards arranged below a raw material falling opening of the bottommost material bearing layer plate; the spiral discharging device is connected with a material guide plate with a filtering hole, and the biogas slurry storage tank is positioned at the lowest part of the reactor main body;
the reactor top cover, the material bearing layer plate and the material pushing plate are all of a double-layer hollow sandwich structure, the driving shaft is of a hollow structure, the reactor top cover is provided with a reactor top cover hollow sandwich layer, the material bearing layer plate is provided with a material bearing layer plate hollow sandwich layer, the material pushing plate is provided with a material pushing plate hollow sandwich layer, the driving shaft is provided with a driving shaft hollow layer, the material pushing plate hollow sandwich layer is communicated with the driving shaft hollow layer, liquid spraying holes are distributed in the reactor top cover, material bearing layer plate through holes are distributed in the material bearing layer plate, and material pushing plate through holes are distributed in the;
the reactor has still been equipped with and has sprayed filtration system, and it includes the pump, sprays the feed pipe, spray and supply the liquid branch pipe and spray back the liquid pipe, and the pump is installed on spraying the feed pipe, sprays feed pipe one end and links to each other with natural pond liquid storage tank, and the other end sprays respectively and supplies liquid branch pipe and reactor top cap cavity intermediate layer and each holds material plywood cavity intermediate layer to link to each other, and the other end that sprays the feed pipe still links to each other with the bottom on drive shaft hollow layer, and the top on drive shaft hollow layer is through spraying back the liquid pipe and link to each other with.
2. The continuous dry anaerobic reactor according to claim 1, wherein the spiral discharger comprises a receiving port, a conveying screw for conveying the material, a filtrate plate, a discharge port, and a discharge port sealer, the receiving port is connected to the lower end of the material guide plate with the filter hole, the filtrate plate is disposed on the outer wall of the spiral discharger above the liquid level of the biogas slurry storage tank, and the discharge port extends out of the reactor main body and is located above the receiving port.
3. A continuous dry anaerobic reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the through holes of the receiving layer plates are round holes with a diameter of 3-10mm, or kidney-shaped holes with a length of 10-100mm and a width of 3-10 mm; the through hole of the material pushing plate is a round hole with the diameter of 3-10mm or a waist-shaped hole with the length of 10-50mm and the width of 3-10 mm; the material guide plate with the filtering holes and the filtrate plate are distributed with filtering holes, and the filtering holes are round holes with the diameter of 3-10mm or waist-shaped holes with the length of 10-100mm and the width of 3-10 mm.
4. A continuous dry anaerobic reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that the through holes of the receiving layer plates are round holes with a diameter of 5-8mm, or kidney-shaped holes with a length of 10-100mm and a width of 5-8 mm; the through hole of the material pushing plate is a round hole with the diameter of 4-6mm or a waist-shaped hole with the length of 10-50mm and the width of 4-6 mm; the material guide plate with the filtering holes and the filtrate plate are distributed with filtering holes, and the filtering holes are round holes with the diameter of 5-8mm or waist-shaped holes with the length of 10-100mm and the width of 5-8 mm.
5. A continuous dry anaerobic reactor according to claim 2, wherein the central axis of the screw discharge is at an angle of 15-75 ° to the horizontal.
6. A continuous dry anaerobic reactor according to claim 5, wherein the central axis of the screw discharge is inclined at an angle of 45-60 ° to the horizontal.
7. A continuous dry anaerobic reactor according to claim 1, wherein the biogas slurry storage tank is further provided with a liquid level sensor for monitoring the liquid level in the biogas slurry storage tank.
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