CN108335004A - A kind of wind generator system method for evaluating reliability equal based on the electric energy that is obstructed - Google Patents
A kind of wind generator system method for evaluating reliability equal based on the electric energy that is obstructed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of wind generator system method for evaluating reliability equal based on the electric energy that is obstructed, the method for evaluating reliability include：N platform Wind turbines are connected into one " string ", while m string unit parallel connections access an inverter, the wind power generating set for each group being connected into " string " is equivalent to the generating set of an identical capacity；Multistate reliability is analyzed according to wind-resources feature and wind powered generator system fault characteristic；The division of reliability state, establishes reliability index system, finally by sample calculation analysis, verifies the division of reliability state and the correctness of index system, assesses the reliability of wind generator system actual motion.The present invention proposes desired failure and is obstructed the equal method of electric energy, system reliability state is divided, and establish reliability index system, finally use currently running data, the correctness for demonstrating model and index system shows that the system can accurately assess the reliability of wind generator system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wind generator system method for evaluating reliability fields, more particularly to one kind is based on electric energy phase of being obstructed
Deng wind generator system method for evaluating reliability.
Background technology
Wind generating technology is grown rapidly, and due to the decline of its cost of electricity-generating, installed capacity is significantly increased, and is allowed to have become
For one of the generation technology for developing most ripe in regenerative resource.Due to the intermittence of wind-resources, the spy of fluctuation and randomness
Point so that bring uncertain factor to power grid after wind power integration, therefore assess reliability containing wind generator system to seem non-
It is often important.
Have some scholars both at home and abroad from different perspectives to study the reliability assessment of wind generator system.Have
Problem of System Reliability after literature research wind-electricity integration, to system reserve capacity after selective analysis wind power integration power grid
Demand；Also document establishes wind power plant reliability model and wake effect model, can to electric system for research wind power plant
Influence and determining wind power plant confidence level by property lay the first stone；Other documents simulate actual wind speed with probability sampling method,
The random output power of wind-driven generator is calculated, finally use that sequential Monte-Carlo simulation method analyzes wind-power electricity generation can
By property；Also wind power plant reliability model is combined by document with composite power systems, to the generating and transmitting system containing wind power plant
Carry out reliability assessment.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of wind generator system reliability evaluation side equal based on the electric energy that is obstructed
Method, it is intended to the characteristics of solving the intermittence of wind-resources, fluctuation and randomness so that brought not to power grid after wind power integration
Determining factor assesses the inapt problem of reliability containing wind generator system.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of wind generator system method for evaluating reliability equal based on the electric energy that is obstructed,
This approach includes the following steps：
N platform Wind turbines are connected into one " string ", while m string unit parallel connections access an inverter, K is arranged in inverter
Platform, K platform inverter parallels access on busbar, in the case where maintaining identical reliability standard, the wind-force that connects into " string " by each group
Generating set is equivalent to the generating set of an identical capacity；
Multistate reliability is analyzed according to wind-resources feature and wind powered generator system fault characteristic；
The division of reliability state：According to wind-resources and unit failure feature by the reliability state of wind generator system
Divide a variety of situations；
Establish reliability index system：According to the division of reliability state wind-force is corresponded to from time, output, system aspects
Generation System Reliability is assessed and reflects that system is in the characteristic of each state, and then reflects system performance；
It finally uses currently running data, by sample calculation analysis, verifies division and the index system of reliability state
Correctness assesses the reliability of wind generator system actual motion.
Further, the wind powered generator system fault characteristic multistate reliability, which is analyzed, includes：
A, single wind generator group failure calculates the equivalent outage rate of separate unit Wind turbines, separate unit using series connection formula
The stoppage in transit probability of Wind turbines is：
When the on-load switch quantity on the wind turbine pedestal of separate unit Wind turbines is 1, which is located at the end of string, passes through
Cable L is connected with other wind turbines, and outage rate is
Wherein：For the equivalent outage rate of Wind turbines；For the outage rate of cable L；For separate unit wind turbine
The element of groupStoppage in transit probability；
When the on-load switch quantity on the wind turbine pedestal of separate unit Wind turbines is 2, that is, connect front and back 2 Fans, wind turbine it
Between by on-load switch and cable series connection, be obstructed the constant principle of electric power according to desired failure, take the probability of each operating status with
Itself divided by " equivalent capacity " are obtained equivalent fault probability, i.e., by the sum of products of output power
Wherein：For the equivalent outage rate of n-1 typhoon power generator group cascaded structures；For n platform wind power generating sets
The equivalent outage rate of cascaded structure, byIterative calculation obtains, as n=1,It can be calculated by formula (2)；
B, according to series-parallel system Calculation of Reliability formula, the probability of malfunction after m string Wind turbines parallel connections can be obtainedFor：
After the series-parallel Wind turbines of m " string " are connected with inverter, the probability of malfunction of wind-powered electricity generation-inverter group is obtained
For：
C, wind generator system failure is divided into complete system failure and components of system as directed failure：
K groups wind turbine-inverter group parallel power generating system complete failure probabilityFor：
Components of system as directed failure includes：Wind-driven generator string formation failure and fault of converter；
Wind-driven generator string formation probability of malfunction obeys bi-distribution, probability of malfunctionIt is calculated as follows：
Fault of converter probabilityIt is calculated as follows：
Components of system as directed probability of malfunctionIt is calculated as follows：
Further, a variety of situations of the division of the reliability state include：
Operating status in full：When wind speed is very fast, the output of wind generator system reaches 60% of installed capacity or more,
The operating status of such system is classified as operating status in full, using the 60% of installed capacity as delimitation standard；
Resource constraint derating operating status：It is influenced by wind speed factor, the output level of wind generator system is less than 60%
The system mode of installed capacity is all classified as resource constraint derating operating status；
Failure derating operating status：It causes wind generator system part to contribute since equipment component failure is out of service to damage
Mistake state；
Failure stoppage in transit state：Forced outage occurs for wind generator system or plan repair stoppage in transit causes wind-power electricity generation system
The state of the whole output losses of system；
The too fast stoppage in transit state of calm or wind speed：System is less than incision wind velocity or more than cut-out wind speed since wind speed is in
It spends and is in the state stopped transport.
Further, the incision wind velocity and cut-out wind speed degree
Further, the division according to reliability state is corresponding in terms of time index, output index, system index
Wind generator system reliability is assessed and reflects that system is in time index in the characteristic of each state and is：
Run time FRH in full：System is in the cumulative time of operating status in full；
Resource constraint derating run time RDH:System is in the accumulated time of derating operating status due to resource constraint；
Failure derating run time FDH：System is in the accumulated time of derating operating status due to partial fault；Failure
Idle time FOH：System occurs complete failure and causes the cumulative time stopped transport, and the failure idle time FOH is by FOH=
PHQCIt calculates；
The too fast idle time NH of calm or wind speed (not use hour)：System is under the too fast state of calm or wind speed
Cumulative time；
Annual utilization hours UH：Power generation under the conditions of system generated energy conversion to this all installation oepration at full load is small
When number；
Derating run time DH：System is in the cumulative time of derating operating status, DH=FDH+RDH；
Run time RH：System cumulative time in operating status, RH=FRH+DH；
Idle time OH：System is in the cumulative time of stoppage in transit state, OH=FOH+NH；
Cycle time PH:Year is 8760h.
Further, the sample calculation analysis includes：System trouble analysis and indicator-specific statistics and calculating；
The indicator-specific statistics and calculating：
The definition that a variety of situations of division of the force data according to reliability state will actually be gone out carries out statistic of classification, calculates
And analyze time index, output index, the system index established in reliability index system.
Further, the wind generator system includes unit, the m that the n platform separate unit Wind turbines being serially connected are constituted
String unit, inverter and busbar；The m string units parallel connection accesses an inverter, and K platforms, K platform inversions is arranged in inverter
Device parallel connection accesses busbar.System total installation of generating capacity is 30MW, and the distance between adjacent two Wind turbines is 500m, 5 typhoon motors
Group one " string " of composition accesses inverter, shares 3 groups of wind-driven generator string formations.
Further, the separate unit Wind turbines include wind-driven generator, lv contactor, tower inner cable, fan outlet
Box type transformer, medium voltage breaker, on-load switch are simultaneously sequentially connected.
Further, the wind-resources feature is：When wind speed is less than incision wind speed, wind speed is equal to incision wind speed or specified wind
Speed and cut-out wind speed, wind speed are more than rated wind speed and are less than cut-out wind speed.
The present invention has studied the influence to wind generator system reliability, this hair based on unit failure and abundant resource degree
Bright detailed analysis wind generator system structure failure feature, desirably failure be obstructed electric energy equal method by wind turbine
Group " string " is equivalent to the generator of 1 identical capacity, and establishes the system mode for considering unit failure and resource constraint, together
When by time, output, index system, wind generator system reliability is assessed；Sample calculation analysis shows to be based on
The reliability model of unit failure and resource constraint can reflect real system reliability of operation
The present invention mainly on the basis of existing research, analyze first relationship that wind speed is contributed with Wind turbines and
Wind generator system design feature, it is proposed that it is expected that failure is obstructed the equal method of electric energy, sent out according to wind-resources situation and wind-force
The characteristic of electric system unit failure has divided system reliability state, and establishes reliability index system, finally uses existing
Operation data demonstrates the correctness of model and index system, to assess wind generator system；
In each state of wind generator system of the present invention, complete failure idle time is minimum；Idle time is about 1200h, is accounted for
Annual 13.7%；Run time illustrates local wind-resources compared with horn of plenty far more than idle time；Run time in full is only
The 13% of whole service time is accounted for, derating run time accounts for run time overwhelming majority ratio up to 87%, illustrates local wind money
Source fluctuation is larger；Annual utilization hours are only 1882h, and it is relatively low to reflect wind energy resources utilization ratio；
Fully equivalent output accounts for about the 68.8% of installed capacity in the present invention, and the equivalent output of derating accounts for caused by resource
11%, the equivalent output of derating caused by failure accounts for 41.9%, illustrate the limitation of resource on the output of wind generator system influence compared with
Greatly.The equivalent output of system only accounts for the 21.5% of installed capacity, in system year maximum output 24.485MW, accounts for installed capacity
81.6%；
Present system only considers that the design availability of failure stoppage in transit situation reaches 99.5%, and operating factor reaches
86.3%, illustrate that the availability of wind generator system is higher；The operation ratio of unit failure reaches 42.59%, and which reflects wind-force
The probability of malfunction of generating set and inverter is higher, wherein with the larger practical feelings of possibility that Wind turbines break down
Condition, therefore, failure derating operation probability can be reduced by improving the reliability of component, improve reliability.Year generating equipment utilization rate
It is 21.48%, exposure 24.89%, the limitation for reflecting wind energy resources causes system to be reduced using the efficiency of the energy, such as
Fruit is using variable speed HAWT group or uses active wind flow intelligence control system, then can effectively improve wind power plant exposure
Rate further increases system reliability.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the wind generator system method for evaluating reliability equal based on the electric energy that is obstructed provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Flow chart；
Fig. 2 is Wind turbines output power curve provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is wind generator system basic boom figure provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is single wind generator group schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
In figure：1, wind-driven generator；2, lv contactor；3, tower inner cable；4, fan outlet box type transformer；5、
Medium voltage breaker；6, on-load switch.
Fig. 5 be on-load switch number provided in an embodiment of the present invention be 1 when Wind turbines connection figure；
Fig. 6 be on-load switch number provided in an embodiment of the present invention be 2 when Wind turbines connection figure；
Fig. 7 is that time index provided in an embodiment of the present invention carries out division figure.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to this hair
It is bright to be further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment is further described the application principle of the present invention.
A kind of wind generator system method for evaluating reliability equal based on the electric energy that is obstructed, this approach includes the following steps：
S101：N platform Wind turbines are connected into one " string ", while m string unit parallel connections access an inverter, inverter
K platforms are set, and K platform inverter parallels access on busbar, and in the case where maintaining identical reliability standard, each group is connected into " string "
Wind power generating set be equivalent to the generating set of an identical capacity；
S102：Multistate reliability is analyzed according to wind-resources feature and wind powered generator system fault characteristic；
S103：The division of reliability state：According to wind-resources and unit failure feature by the reliability of wind generator system
The a variety of situations of state demarcation；
S104：Establish reliability index system：It is corresponded to from time, output, system aspects according to the division of reliability state
Wind generator system reliability is assessed and reflects that system is in the characteristic of each state, and then reflects system performance；
S105：Division and the index of reliability state are finally verified by sample calculation analysis with currently running data
The correctness of system assesses the reliability of wind generator system actual motion.
The wind powered generator system fault characteristic multistate reliability is analyzed：
A, single wind generator group failure calculates the equivalent outage rate of separate unit Wind turbines, separate unit using series connection formula
The stoppage in transit probability of Wind turbines is：
When the on-load switch quantity on the wind turbine pedestal of separate unit Wind turbines is 1, which is located at the end of string, passes through
Cable L is connected with other wind turbines, and outage rate is
Wherein：For the equivalent outage rate of Wind turbines；For the outage rate of cable L；For separate unit wind turbine
The element of groupStoppage in transit probability；
When the on-load switch quantity on the wind turbine pedestal of separate unit Wind turbines is 2, that is, connect front and back 2 Fans, wind turbine it
Between by on-load switch and cable series connection, be obstructed the constant principle of electric power according to desired failure, take the probability of each operating status with
Itself divided by " equivalent capacity " are obtained equivalent fault probability, i.e., by the sum of products of output power
Wherein：For the equivalent outage rate of n-1 typhoon power generator group cascaded structures；For n platform wind power generating sets
The equivalent outage rate of cascaded structure, byIterative calculation obtains, as n=1,It can be calculated by formula (2)；
B, according to series-parallel system Calculation of Reliability formula, the probability of malfunction after m string Wind turbines parallel connections can be obtainedFor：
After the series-parallel Wind turbines of m " string " are connected with inverter, the probability of malfunction of wind-powered electricity generation-inverter group is obtained
For：
C, wind generator system failure is divided into complete system failure and components of system as directed failure：
K groups wind turbine-inverter group parallel power generating system complete failure probabilityFor：
Components of system as directed failure includes：Wind-driven generator string formation failure and fault of converter；
Wind-driven generator string formation probability of malfunction obeys bi-distribution, probability of malfunctionIt is calculated as follows：
Fault of converter probabilityIt is calculated as follows：
Components of system as directed probability of malfunctionIt is calculated as follows：
A variety of situations of the division of the reliability state include：
Operating status in full：When wind speed is very fast, the output of wind generator system reaches 60% of installed capacity or more,
The operating status of such system is classified as operating status in full, using the 60% of installed capacity as delimitation standard；
Resource constraint derating operating status：It is influenced by wind speed factor, the output level of wind generator system is less than 60%
The system mode of installed capacity is all classified as resource constraint derating operating status；
Failure derating operating status：It causes wind generator system part to contribute since equipment component failure is out of service to damage
Mistake state；
Failure stoppage in transit state：Forced outage occurs for wind generator system or plan repair stoppage in transit causes wind-power electricity generation system
The state of the whole output losses of system；
The too fast stoppage in transit state of calm or wind speed：System is less than incision wind velocity or more than cut-out wind speed since wind speed is in
It spends and is in the state stopped transport.
The incision wind velocity and cut-out wind speed degree
The division according to reliability state corresponds to wind-power electricity generation in terms of time index, output index, system index
System reliability is assessed and reflects that system is in time index in the characteristic of each state and is：
Run time FRH in full：System is in the cumulative time of operating status in full；
Resource constraint derating run time RDH:System is in the accumulated time of derating operating status due to resource constraint；
Failure derating run time FDH：System is in the accumulated time of derating operating status due to partial fault；Failure
Idle time FOH：System occurs complete failure and causes the cumulative time stopped transport, and the failure idle time FOH is by FOH=
PHQCIt calculates；
The too fast idle time NH of calm or wind speed (not use hour)：System is under the too fast state of calm or wind speed
Cumulative time；
Annual utilization hours UH：Power generation under the conditions of system generated energy conversion to this all installation oepration at full load is small
When number；
Derating run time DH：System is in the cumulative time of derating operating status, DH=FDH+RDH；
Run time RH：System cumulative time in operating status, RH=FRH+DH；
Idle time OH：System is in the cumulative time of stoppage in transit state, OH=FOH+NH；
Cycle time PH:Year is 8760h.
Further, the sample calculation analysis includes：System trouble analysis and indicator-specific statistics and calculating；
The indicator-specific statistics and calculating：
The definition that a variety of situations of division of the force data according to reliability state will actually be gone out carries out statistic of classification, calculates
And analyze time index, output index, the system index established in reliability index system.
The wind generator system includes a unit, the m string machines that the n platform separate unit Wind turbines being serially connected are constituted
Group, inverter and busbar；The m string units parallel connection accesses an inverter, and K platforms, K platform inverter parallels is arranged in inverter
Access busbar.System total installation of generating capacity is 30MW, and the distance between adjacent two Wind turbines is 500m, 5 Wind turbines compositions
One " string " accesses inverter, shares 3 groups of wind-driven generator string formations.
The separate unit Wind turbines include that wind-driven generator 1, lv contactor 2, tower inner cable 3, fan outlet are box
Transformer 4, medium voltage breaker 5, on-load switch 6 are simultaneously sequentially connected.
The wind-resources feature is：When wind speed is less than incision wind speed, wind speed is equal to incision wind speed or rated wind speed and cuts
Go out wind speed, wind speed is more than rated wind speed and is less than cut-out wind speed.
The application principle of the present invention is further described with reference to specific embodiment.
1, the characteristics of wind generator system
The unstability of wind speed and the intermittent output for determining Wind turbines also have fluctuation and intermittent spy
Point, while part reliability and system structure determine the output situation of wind generator system.
1.1 wind turbine output analysis of Influential Factors
Since its energy conversion principle limits, output is mainly influenced by seasonal climate and wind speed wind turbine.
1) influence of time in season
China land wind-resources are concentrated mainly on the areas such as northeast, North China, northwest.In general, spring and winter in 1 year
Monsoon resource is relatively abundant, and summer wind-resources are leaner weary；For in one day, daytime, wind-resources were poorer, and night wind-resources compared with
It is abundant.
2) influence of wind speed size
Whether the output of Wind turbines changes with wind speed and is changed, both depended in generating state and output size
The situation of wind speed.Fig. 2 gives the relation curve of Wind turbines output power and wind speed.
It can be seen from the figure that when wind speed is less than incision wind speed, generated output is zero；It is equal to incision wind in wind speed
When speed, rated wind speed and cut-out wind speed, all there is apparent turning point in power characteristic；It is more than specified wind in wind speed
Speed and less than cut-out wind speed when, generated output is certain value；Only when wind speed is more than incision wind speed and is less than rated wind speed,
Generated output and wind speed are approximately just linear relationship.Therefore, we according to resource abundant intensity by system mode be divided into it is in full,
Resource constraint derating and these three states of stopping transport.
1.2 system structure characteristic analysis
The typical structure of wind generator system is as shown in Figure 3.
The radial connection type of generally use, i.e., sent out wind-force with cable and on-load switch between wind power generating set
Motor group connects, and then passes through cable connection to inverter.N platforms Wind turbines connect into one " string " in figure, while m goes here and there
Unit parallel connection accesses an inverter, has on K platform inverter parallels access busbar.It, can in the case where maintaining identical reliability standard
The wind power generating set for each group being connected into " string " is equivalent to the generating set of an identical capacity.
According to these design features, it is known that when some Wind turbines failure, Wind turbines " string " are contributed not where causing
Completely, it is believed that unit " string " is in part stoppage in transit state；But the failure of inverter can lead to place wind turbine-inverter
Group is stopped transport.System mode can be divided into operation, the operation of failure derating and failure in full according to different fault conditions and stop transport this
Three state.System structure failure will specifically be analyzed below.
The specific connection type of wind power generating set is as shown in figure 4, figure 4, it is seen that when wind-driven generator, wind
When machine exports one lv contactor, box type transformer, medium voltage breaker and middle pressure disconnecting switch any of which element stoppage in transit,
This Wind turbines will stop transport.But due to buffer action, above-mentioned Wind turbines stoppage in transit will not influence the other wind being connected with it
Electric unit operation.Therefore, the element 1~4 in Fig. 4 can be considered as element group outage model, which is calculated using series connection formula
The equivalent outage rate of unit.The stoppage in transit probability of the Wind turbines is：
The stoppage in transit of medium voltage breaker and on-load switch will also cause the stoppage in transit of the Wind turbines in Fig. 4.When on wind turbine pedestal
On-load switch quantity when being more than 1, medium voltage breaker or any one on-load switch are stopped transport, and also be will be enlarged by stoppage in transit range, are caused
The stoppage in transit for the other units being attached thereto.Therefore, the influence of medium voltage breaker and on-load switch to reliability can be mainly divided into
2 kinds of situations below：
1) on-load switch quantity is 1, i.e. the wind turbine is located at the end of string, is connected with other wind turbines by cable L, at this time
The stoppage in transit of element 5,6 or cable L will cause the stoppage in transit of Wind turbines, as shown in Figure 5.Therefore, it is regarded as element group stoppage in transit mould
Formula.Its outage rate is
Wherein：For the equivalent outage rate of Wind turbines；For the outage rate of cable L；For element in Fig. 5Stoppage in transit probability.
2) on-load switch quantity is 2, that is, connects front and back 2 Fans.Pass through on-load switch and cable series connection between wind turbine.
Fig. 6 is shown in Wind turbines connection when on-load switch number is 2.From fig. 6, it can be seen that working as Wind turbinesMedium voltage breaker B,
On-load switchOr when the L stoppages in transit of fan outlet cable, entire Wind turbines will stop transport.It is obstructed electric power according to desired failure
Constant principle takes the probability of each operating status and the sum of products of output power, itself divided by " equivalent capacity " can be obtained
Equivalent fault probability, i.e.,
Wherein：For the equivalent outage rate of n-1 typhoons power generator group cascaded structure shown in fig. 6；For n typhoon power
The equivalent outage rate of generating set cascaded structure, byIterative calculation obtains, as n=1,It can be calculated by formula 2
It arrives.
According to series-parallel system Calculation of Reliability formula, the probability of malfunction after m string Wind turbines parallel connections can be obtainedFor：
After the series-parallel Wind turbines of m " string " are connected with inverter, the probability of malfunction of wind-powered electricity generation-inverter group is obtained
For：
According to above-mentioned analysis, wind generator system failure is divided into complete system failure and components of system as directed failure two by us
Class；(1) K groups wind turbine-inverter group parallel power generating system complete failure probabilityFor：
(2) in real process, since wind turbine-inverter group is more so complete failure occurs in wind generator system
Probability and little, be more often the components of system as directed failure caused by Wind turbines or inverter.
1) wind-driven generator string formation failure
Due to mutual indepedent between each wind power generating set " string ", and system fault probability obeys bi-distribution, and failure is general
RateIt can be calculated as follows：
2) fault of converter
The analysis of similar wind-driven generator string formation failure, can obtain part inverter probability of malfunction
Since the failure of wind-driven generator string formation and inverter is relatively independent, so obtaining components of system as directed probability of malfunction
The above analysis can obtain, due to being influenced by wind-resources constraint and system structure feature, it is necessary to consider money
Source feature and system failure feature establish multi state reliability model.
The division of 2 reliability states
The reliability state of wind generator system can be divided into following several feelings according to wind-resources and unit failure
Condition：
1) operating status in full：When wind speed is very fast, systematically contributes and be located at higher level, installed capacity can be reached
60% or more.The operating status of such system is classified as operating status in full, is marked using the 60% of installed capacity as delimitation
It is accurate.
2) resource constraint derating operating status：It is influenced, will be contributed horizontal less than 60% installed capacity by factors such as wind speed
System mode be all classified as resource constraint derating operating status.
3) failure derating operating status：Components of system as directed output loss state is caused since equipment component failure is out of service.
4) failure stoppage in transit state：Forced outage occurs for system or plan repair stoppage in transit causes system whole output loss
State.
5) the too fast stoppage in transit state of calm or wind speed：System is in due to wind speed less than cutting speed or more than excision speed
And in the state stopped transport.
3. reliability index system
For the reliability state in 2.2 sections, the present invention corresponds to wind generator system from time, output, system etc.
Reliability is assessed and reflects that system is in the characteristic of each state, and then reflects system performance.
3.1 time index
According to thinking is divided, in conjunction with 5 states that the present invention defines, time index is carried out to division as shown in Figure 7.
In conjunction with system mode, state for time index is as follows.1) run time FRH (full run hour) in full：System
Resource constraint derating run time RDH (resource deduction hour) when accumulative in operating status in full:2) system
System is in the accumulated time of derating operating status due to resource constraint；3) failure derating run time FDH (fault
deduction hour)：System is in the accumulated time of derating operating status due to partial fault；4) failure idle time FOH
(fault outage hour)：System occurs complete failure and causes the cumulative time stopped transport.By FOH=PHQCIt calculates；5) nothing
Wind or the too fast idle time NH of wind speed (not use hour)：System is in the cumulative time under the too fast state of calm or wind speed；
6) annual utilization hours UH (utilization hours)：This all installation oepration at full load items are arrived in the conversion of system generated energy
Power generation hourage under part；7) derating run time DH (deduction hour)：System is in the tired of derating operating status
Between timing, DH=FDH+RDH；8) run time RH (run hour)：The system cumulative time in operating status.RH=FRH
+DH；9) idle time OH (outage hour)：System is in the cumulative time of stoppage in transit state.OH=FOH+NH；10) period
Time PH (period hour):Year is about 8760h.
3.2 output state indexs
1) equivalent output FEP (full equivalent power) in full：System is equivalent under operating status in full
It contributes；
2) the equivalent output RDEP of derating (resource deduction equivalent power) under resource constraint：System
Equivalent output of the system under resource constraint derating operating status；
3) the equivalent output FDEP of failure derating (fault deduction equivalent power)：System is in failure
Equivalent output under derating operating status；
4) the equivalent output EDP of derating (equivalent deduction power)：System is in derating operating status
Equivalent output；
5) equivalent output EP (equivalent power)：System equivalent constant output in timing statistics；
6) equivalent power factor ECF (equivalent coefficient factor)：Equivalent output in actual power
With the ratio ECF=EP/RP of nominal output；
7) maximum output MP (maximum power)：Maximum output in system actual power；
8) maximum output coefficient MPF (Maximum power factor)：Maximum output and nominal output in actual power
Ratio MPF=MP/RP；
3.3 system overall objectives
To reflect that system total breakdown situation, fault indices are as follows
1) design availability DU (Design usability)：Design is calculated according to system failure rate and repair time
On system availability, DU=1-QC；
2) operating factor OF (Operating factor)：Wind generator system is practically in the probability of operating status, OF
=RH/PH；
3) year generating equipment utilization rate EUR (The annual power generation equipment
utilization rate)：The probability that wind generator system generating equipment utilizes, EUR=UH/PH；
4) operation ratio FRR (Full run rate) in full：Wind generator system is in the probability fully run, FRR=
FRH/PH；
5) resource constraint derating operation ratio RDR (Resource the deduction rate of operation)：Wind
Force generating system is in practice since resource constraint leads to the probability of derating operating status, RDR=RDH/PH；
6) equipment fault derating operation ratio EFDR (Equipment fault deduction rate of
operation)：Wind generator system, which is practically in the system failure, leads to the probability of derating operating status, EFDR=FDH/PH；
7) exposure EXR (Exposure rate)：Wind generator system utilizes the efficiency of wind energy.Annual utilization hours can be used
The description of the ratio between number and run time.EXR=UH/RH；
4 examples
The present invention is using miniature wind power generation system as Example Verification reliability model proposed in this paper and index system
Feasibility.System total installation of generating capacity is 30MW, and the distance between adjacent two Wind turbines is 500m, 5 Wind turbines compositions
One " string " accesses inverter, shares 3 groups of wind-driven generator string formations.
Example system component failure data use the statistical data in relation to document, and practical power curve is according to Zhangjiakou
Wind-powered electricity generation field data (2009 on September 1, to 2010 on August 31) obtain, and are provided respectively in table 1.
Each part reliability parameter of 1 wind generator system of table
4.1 system trouble analysis
Analysis system fault condition, n=5, m=1, k=3, according to formula (1),
When on-load switch number is 1, equivalent fault probability
By the equivalent fault probability of " string " that 5 typhoon power generators form
The probability of malfunction of wind-powered electricity generation-inverter group
When complete system failure,
If timing statistics PH takes 8760h, failure idle time can be obtained by formula
FOH=PHQC≈ 44h,
When components of system as directed failure, due to m=1, k=3, the partial fault of system can be divided into 1 rank and 2 ranks, failure
Probability calculation is as follows：
It is as follows that components of system as directed fault parameter can then be obtained：
ByFailure, which can be calculated, and stop transport causes the time of derating operation to be about 3731h.
The ratio contributed under output and normal condition under failure derating can also be calculated according to the above analysis
4.2 indicator-specific statistics and calculating
Force data will actually be gone out and carry out statistic of classification according to the definition in the division of reliability state, calculate analysis system
Time index, output index in overall objective, system index result.
In each state of wind generator system of the present invention, complete failure idle time is minimum；Idle time is about 1200h, is accounted for
Annual 13.7%；Run time illustrates local wind-resources compared with horn of plenty far more than idle time；Run time in full is only
The 13% of whole service time is accounted for, derating run time accounts for run time overwhelming majority ratio up to 87%, illustrates local wind money
Source fluctuation is larger；Annual utilization hours are only 1882h, and it is relatively low to reflect wind energy resources utilization ratio.
The present invention equivalent output in full accounts for about the 68.8% of installed capacity, and the equivalent output of derating accounts for 11% caused by resource,
The equivalent output of derating caused by failure accounts for 41.9%, illustrates that the limitation of resource is affected to the output of wind generator system.System
Equivalent output of uniting only accounts for the 21.5% of installed capacity, in system year maximum output 24.485MW, accounts for the 81.6% of installed capacity.
The system of the present invention only considers that the design availability of failure stoppage in transit situation reaches 99.5%, and operating factor reaches
86.3%, illustrate that the availability of wind generator system is higher；The operation ratio of unit failure reaches 42.59%, and which reflects wind-force
The probability of malfunction of generating set and inverter is higher, wherein with the larger practical feelings of possibility that Wind turbines break down
Condition, therefore, failure derating operation probability can be reduced by improving the reliability of component, improve reliability.Year generating equipment utilization rate
It is 21.48%, exposure 24.89%, the limitation for reflecting wind energy resources causes system to be reduced using the efficiency of the energy, such as
Fruit is using variable speed HAWT group or uses active wind flow intelligence control system, then can effectively improve wind power plant exposure
Rate further increases system reliability.
With the progress of wind power technology, the reduction of cost of electricity-generating, the advantage and economy of wind-power electricity generation will constantly be shown
Come, it is detailed that the present invention has studied the influence to wind generator system reliability, the present invention based on unit failure and abundant resource degree
Wind generator system structure failure feature is analyzed, desirably failure is obstructed the equal method of electric energy by Wind turbines " string "
It is equivalent to the generator of 1 identical capacity, and establishes the system mode for considering unit failure and resource constraint, is passed through simultaneously
Time, output, index system assess wind generator system reliability；Sample calculation analysis shows based on component event
The reliability model of barrier and resource constraint, can reflect real system reliability of operation.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention made by within refreshing and principle.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of wind generator system method for evaluating reliability equal based on the electric energy that is obstructed, which is characterized in that should be based on being obstructed
The equal wind generator system method for evaluating reliability of electric energy includes the following steps：
N platform Wind turbines are connected into one " string ", while m string unit parallel connections access an inverter, K platforms, K platforms is arranged in inverter
Inverter parallel accesses on busbar, in the case where maintaining identical reliability standard, the wind-driven generator that connects into " string " by each group
Group is equivalent to the generating set of an identical capacity；
Multistate reliability is analyzed according to wind-resources feature and wind powered generator system fault characteristic；
The division of reliability state：It is according to wind-resources and unit failure feature that the reliability state division of wind generator system is more
Kind situation；
Establish reliability index system：According to the division of reliability state wind-power electricity generation system is corresponded to from time, output, system aspects
System reliability is assessed and reflects that system is in the characteristic of each state, and then reflects system performance；
Finally use currently running data, by sample calculation analysis, verify reliability state division and index system it is correct
Property, the reliability of wind generator system actual motion is assessed.
2. as described in claim 1 based on the equal wind generator system method for evaluating reliability of the electric energy that is obstructed, feature exists
In the wind powered generator system fault characteristic multistate reliability analysis includes：
A, single wind generator group failure calculates the equivalent outage rate of separate unit Wind turbines, separate unit wind-powered electricity generation using series connection formula
The stoppage in transit probability of unit is：
When the on-load switch quantity on the wind turbine pedestal of separate unit Wind turbines is 1, which is located at the end of string, passes through cable L
It is connected with other wind turbines, outage rate is
Wherein：For the equivalent outage rate of Wind turbines；For the outage rate of cable L；For the member of separate unit Wind turbines
PartStoppage in transit probability；
When the on-load switch quantity on the wind turbine pedestal of separate unit Wind turbines is 2, that is, front and back 2 Fans are connected, are led between wind turbine
Overload switch and cable series connection are obstructed the constant principle of electric power according to desired failure, take probability and the output of each operating status
Itself divided by " equivalent capacity " are obtained equivalent fault probability, i.e., by the sum of products of power
Wherein：For the equivalent outage rate of n-1 typhoon power generator group cascaded structures；For n typhoon power generator group tandem junctions
The equivalent outage rate of structure, byIterative calculation obtains, as n=1,It can be calculated by formula (2)；
B, according to series-parallel system Calculation of Reliability formula, the probability of malfunction after m string Wind turbines parallel connections can be obtainedFor：
After the series-parallel Wind turbines of m " string " are connected with inverter, the probability of malfunction of wind-powered electricity generation-inverter group is obtainedFor：
C, wind generator system failure is divided into complete system failure and components of system as directed failure：
K groups wind turbine-inverter group parallel power generating system complete failure probabilityFor：
Components of system as directed failure includes：Wind-driven generator string formation failure and fault of converter；
Wind-driven generator string formation probability of malfunction obeys bi-distribution, probability of malfunctionIt is calculated as follows：
Fault of converter probabilityIt is calculated as follows：
Components of system as directed probability of malfunctionIt is calculated as follows：
3. as described in claim 1 based on the equal wind generator system method for evaluating reliability of the electric energy that is obstructed, feature exists
In a variety of situations of the division of the reliability state include：
Operating status in full：When wind speed is very fast, the output of wind generator system reaches 60% of installed capacity or more, will be such
The operating status of system is classified as operating status in full, using the 60% of installed capacity as delimitation standard；
Resource constraint derating operating status：It is influenced by wind speed factor, the output level of wind generator system is less than 60% installation
The system mode of capacity is all classified as resource constraint derating operating status；
Failure derating operating status：Output loss shape in wind generator system part is caused since equipment component failure is out of service
State；
Failure stoppage in transit state：Forced outage occurs for wind generator system or plan repair stoppage in transit causes wind generator system whole
The state of output loss；
The too fast stoppage in transit state of calm or wind speed：System is in less than incision wind velocity due to wind speed or is located more than cut-out wind speed degree
In the state of stoppage in transit.
4. as described in claim 1 based on the equal wind generator system method for evaluating reliability of the electric energy that is obstructed, feature exists
In the division according to reliability state corresponds to wind generator system in terms of time index, output index, system index can
It is assessed by property and reflects that system is in time index in the characteristic of each state and is：
Run time FRH in full：System is in the cumulative time of operating status in full；
Resource constraint derating run time RDH:System is in the accumulated time of derating operating status due to resource constraint；
Failure derating run time FDH：System is in the accumulated time of derating operating status due to partial fault；When failure is stopped transport
Between FOH：System occurs complete failure and causes the cumulative time stopped transport, and the failure idle time FOH is by FOH=PHQCIt calculates；
The too fast idle time NH of calm or wind speed (not use hour)：System is in accumulative under the too fast state of calm or wind speed
Time；
Annual utilization hours UH：Power generation hourage under the conditions of system generated energy conversion to this all installation oepration at full load；
Derating run time DH：System is in the cumulative time of derating operating status, DH=FDH+RDH；
Run time RH：System cumulative time in operating status, RH=FRH+DH；
Idle time OH：System is in the cumulative time of stoppage in transit state, OH=FOH+NH；
Cycle time PH:Year is 8760h.
5. as described in claim 1 based on the equal wind generator system method for evaluating reliability of the electric energy that is obstructed, feature exists
In the sample calculation analysis includes：System trouble analysis and indicator-specific statistics and calculating；
The indicator-specific statistics and calculating：
The definition that a variety of situations of division of the force data according to reliability state will actually be gone out carries out statistic of classification, calculates and analyzes
Establish time index, output index, the system index in reliability index system.
6. as described in claim 1 based on the equal wind generator system method for evaluating reliability of the electric energy that is obstructed, feature exists
In the wind generator system includes a unit, m string unit, the inversion that the n platform separate unit Wind turbines being serially connected are constituted
Device and busbar；The m string units parallel connection accesses an inverter, and K platforms are arranged in inverter, and K platform inverter parallels access busbar.
System total installation of generating capacity is 30MW, and the distance between adjacent two Wind turbines is 500m, and 5 Wind turbines form one " string " access
Inverter shares 3 groups of wind-driven generator string formations.
7. as described in claim 1 based on the equal wind generator system method for evaluating reliability of the electric energy that is obstructed, feature exists
In, separate unit Wind turbines include wind-driven generator, lv contactor, tower inner cable, fan outlet box type transformer, in
Voltage breaker, on-load switch are simultaneously sequentially connected.
8. as described in claim 1 based on the equal wind generator system method for evaluating reliability of the electric energy that is obstructed, feature exists
In the wind-resources feature is：When wind speed is less than incision wind speed, wind speed is equal to incision wind speed or rated wind speed and cuts out wind
Speed, wind speed are more than rated wind speed and are less than cut-out wind speed.
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