CN108334989B - Lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station optimization method and device based on remote sensing image - Google Patents
Lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station optimization method and device based on remote sensing image Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station optimization method and device based on remote sensing image, belongs to water quality monitoring field, and the present invention obtains the remote sensing image that more scapes include lake and reservoir；By pretreatment, cutting, chl-a inverting and average computation, chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map is obtained；Then the maximum space correlation distance of chl-a concentration is calculated, and lays site groups according to this distance；Interpolation is carried out with site groups, calculates the average distance before and after interpolation, evaluation index is calculated with average distance and website quantity；Slave site group deletes a website, calculates evaluation index, successively deletes website, obtains multiple evaluation indexes, all evaluation indexes when being minimum value corresponding site groups be final chl-a monitoring station.The present invention lays the evaluation criteria for the science of constructing to lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station, the chl-a concentration data obtained on determining chl-a monitoring station through the invention can obtain lake and reservoir overall situation chl-a distribution situation by interpolation, provide technical support for lake and reservoir Water Quality Evaluation and environmental management.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water quality monitoring fields, and it is excellent to particularly relate to a kind of lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station based on remote sensing image
Change method and apparatus.
Background technique
With the rapid development of our country's economy, people's lives level is significantly enhanced, while also being brought
Puzzlement in terms of environment, the superiority and inferiority of water quality are directly related to the normal life of people and the survival and development of natural environment.
The natural water in China is generally presented eutrophic state at present, directly the performance mass propagation that is exactly algae substances, and algae
Substance Determination of Chlorophyll a (chl-a) proportion is more stable, and is convenient for labor measurement, therefore Chlorophyll-a Content is as reflection
The important indicator of water body eutrophication degree.
To the comprehensive assessment of the water bodys chl-a contents such as lake, reservoir (abbreviation lake and reservoir), need to obtain the sky of lake and reservoir chl-a
Between distribution situation.And the main method for obtaining lake and reservoir chl-a overall situation distribution situation at present is by setting up minority in lake and reservoir
Chl-a monitoring station, obtain chl-a monitoring station water monitoring data (i.e. chl-a concentration), and to monitoring data by instead away from
Space interpolation is carried out from the methods of weighted interpolation, Spline interpolation, trend surface interpolation or kriging analysis, obtains lake and reservoir
Chl-a overall situation distribution situation.
Chl-a monitoring station, which is laid, at present mainly considers that lake and reservoir enters water water outlet, water intaking, pollutant emission, hydrologic condition etc.
Factor makes every effort to obtain representativeness chl-a data, inverting lake and reservoir chl-a concentration and space point with less monitoring section and measuring point
Cloth feature.Its specific laying principle are as follows: (1) in lake and reservoir main doorway, center, stagnant area, potable water source district, fish oviposition
Section should be arranged in area and excursion district etc..(2) at the remittance of main sewerage mouth, depending on its pollutant spread condition in 100~1000m of downstream
Place's 1~5 section of setting or half section.(3) valley type reservoir, should be in reservoir upstream, middle reaches, the area Jin Ba and library floor and master pool
Lay sampling section in gulf backwater zone.(4) lake and reservoir is without manifest function subregion, can be used that gridding method is uniformly distributed, and sizing grid is according to lake
Depending on the area of library.(5) the sampling section of lake and reservoir should be vertical with water (flow) direction near section.
The laying of existing chl-a monitoring station largely meets the monitoring needs or pollutant of lake and reservoir functional areas
The monitoring needs of input and output consider to obtain chl-a spatial distribution characteristic with chl-a monitoring station data inversion few as far as possible.
Quantity and point position in space distribution for existing website are often difficult to meet space interpolation needs.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station optimization based on remote sensing image
Method and apparatus, the present invention lay the evaluation criteria for the science of constructing to lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station, determine through the invention
The chl-a concentration data obtained on chl-a monitoring station can obtain the chl-a distribution situation of the lake and reservoir overall situation by interpolation,
It can more reflect the chl-a distribution situation of lake all areas, provide technical support for lake and reservoir Water Quality Evaluation and environmental management.
It is as follows that the present invention provides technical solution:
A kind of lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station optimization method based on remote sensing image, comprising:
Step 1: more scape remote sensing images including lake and reservoir region in acquisition time sequence, the remote sensing image include mostly light
Spectrum or target in hyperspectral remotely sensed image；
Step 2: every scape remote sensing image being pre-processed, more scape Remote Sensing Reflectance images are obtained；
Step 3: image cropping operation being carried out to more scape Remote Sensing Reflectance images, obtains the remote sensing reflection in more scape lake and reservoirs region
Rate image；
Step 4: utilizing chl-a inverse model, operation is carried out to the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in every scape lake and reservoir region, is obtained more
Scape chl-a concentration space distribution map；
Step 5: according to more scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps, calculating chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map；
Step 6: according to the chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map, calculate the maximum space correlation of chl-a concentration away from
From；
Step 7: chl-a monitoring station being laid on chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map with gridding method, obtains website
Group, mesh width are not more than the half of the maximum space correlation distance；
Step 8: space interpolation being carried out with the chl-a concentration of the site groups, obtains the distribution of interpolation chl-a concentration space
Figure；
Step 9: calculating being averaged for the chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map and interpolation chl-a concentration space distribution map
Distance；
Step 10: calculating the evaluation index of the site groups, it is website that the evaluation index, which is the increasing function of average distance,
The subtraction function of group website quantity；
Step 11: slave site group deletes a chl-a monitoring station, and the chl-a monitoring station traversal of deletion is whole
A site groups obtain multiple groups residue website, and the average distance of multiple groups residue website is calculated by method described in step 8,9, is looked for
Average distance minimum value out；
Step 12: according to the average distance minimum value, average distance minimum value being calculated by the method described in step 10
The evaluation index of corresponding residue website, and using the corresponding remaining website of average distance minimum value as site groups；
Step 13: repeating step 11,12 certain numbers, obtain several evaluation indexes；
Step 14: corresponding site groups are monitored as final chl-a when to take all evaluation indexes above-mentioned be minimum value
Website.
Further, the evaluation index is calculated by following formula:
Zn=f (n) * dn
Wherein, n is site groups website quantity, ZnFor evaluation index, dnFor average distance, f (n) is that the non-linear of n subtracts letter
Number.
Further, the site groups include reserved website, and the reserved website includes examination section website；
The step 7 is further are as follows:
Using reserved website as origin site, chl-a prison is laid on chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map with gridding method
Survey station point, obtains site groups, and mesh width is not more than the half of the maximum space correlation distance；
The step 11 is further are as follows:
Slave site group deletes a chl-a monitoring station, by the chl-a monitoring station traversal of deletion except reserved website
Entire site groups in addition obtain multiple groups residue website, calculate being averaged for multiple groups residue website by method described in step 8,9
Distance finds out average distance minimum value.
Further, the reserved station point quantity is T, and certain number is M-1 times, the site groups origin site number
Amount is N, M≤N-T.
Further, the pretreatment includes radiant correction, atmospheric correction and geometric correction.
A kind of lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station optimization device based on remote sensing image, comprising:
Remote sensing image obtains module, and more scape remote sensing images including lake and reservoir region in acquisition time sequence are described
Remote sensing image includes multispectral or target in hyperspectral remotely sensed image；
Preprocessing module obtains more scape Remote Sensing Reflectance images for pre-processing to every scape remote sensing image；
Image cropping module obtains Duo Jing lake and reservoir area for carrying out image cropping operation to more scape Remote Sensing Reflectance images
The Remote Sensing Reflectance image in domain；
Chl-a reverse block carries out the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in every scape lake and reservoir region for utilizing chl-a inverse model
Operation obtains more scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps；
Averaging module, for calculating chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map according to more scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps；
Maximum space correlation distance computing module, for calculating chl- according to the chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map
The maximum space correlation distance of a concentration；
Chl-a monitoring station lays module, for laying chl- on chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map with gridding method
A monitoring station, obtains site groups, and mesh width is not more than the half of the maximum space correlation distance；
It is dense to obtain interpolation chl-a for carrying out space interpolation with the chl-a concentration of the site groups for spatial interpolation module
Spend spatial distribution map；
Average distance computing module, it is empty for calculating the chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map and interpolation chl-a concentration
Between distribution map average distance；
First evaluation index computing module, for calculating the evaluation index of the site groups, the evaluation index is average
The increasing function of distance is the subtraction function of site groups website quantity；
Average distance minimum value obtains module, a chl-a monitoring station is deleted for slave site group, by one of deletion
Chl-a monitoring station traverses entire site groups, obtains multiple groups residue website, passes through the spatial interpolation module and average distance meter
The average distance that module calculates multiple groups residue website is calculated, average distance minimum value is found out；
Second evaluation index computing module, for being calculated by the evaluation index according to the average distance minimum value
Module calculates the evaluation index of the corresponding remaining website of average distance minimum value, and by the corresponding remaining stations of average distance minimum value
Point is used as site groups；
Third evaluation index computing module obtains module and the second evaluation index for repeating the average distance minimum value
The certain number of computing module, obtains several evaluation indexes；
Corresponding site groups when chl-a monitoring station confirmation module for taking all evaluation indexes above-mentioned is minimum value
As final chl-a monitoring station.
Further, the evaluation index is calculated by following formula:
Zn=f (n) * dn
Wherein, n is site groups website quantity, ZnFor evaluation index, dnFor average distance, f (n) is that the non-linear of n subtracts letter
Number.
Further, the site groups include reserved website, and the reserved website includes examination section website；
The chl-a monitoring station is laid module and is further used for:
Using reserved website as origin site, chl-a prison is laid on chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map with gridding method
Survey station point, obtains site groups, and mesh width is not more than the half of the maximum space correlation distance；
The average distance minimum value obtains module and is further used for:
Slave site group deletes a chl-a monitoring station, by the chl-a monitoring station traversal of deletion except reserved website
Entire site groups in addition obtain multiple groups residue website, are calculated by the spatial interpolation module and average distance calculation module
The average distance of multiple groups residue website, finds out average distance minimum value.
Further, the reserved station point quantity is T, and certain number is M-1 times, the site groups origin site number
Amount is N, M≤N-T.
Further, the pretreatment includes radiant correction, atmospheric correction and geometric correction.
The invention has the following advantages:
More scape remote sensing images comprising lake and reservoir in present invention acquisition time sequence first；Then pass through pretreatment and sanction
It cuts, the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in more scape lake and reservoirs region is obtained, and inverting obtains more scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps, according to more
Scape chl-a concentration space distribution map, obtains chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map；Then the maximum space of chl-a concentration is calculated
Correlation distance, and site groups are laid according to this distance；Interpolation is carried out with site groups, calculates the average distance before and after interpolation, with flat
Equal distance and website quantity calculate evaluation index；Slave site group deletes a website, calculates evaluation index, successively deletes website,
Obtain multiple evaluation indexes, all evaluation indexes when being minimum value corresponding site groups be final chl-a monitoring station.This
The evaluation criteria for the science of constructing is laid in invention to chl-a monitoring station, is obtained on determining chl-a monitoring station through the invention
The chl-a concentration data taken can obtain the chl-a distribution situation of the lake and reservoir overall situation by interpolation, can more reflect all areas in lake
The chl-a distribution situation in domain provides technical support for lake and reservoir Water Quality Evaluation and environmental management.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station optimization method flow chart of the invention based on remote sensing image；
Fig. 2 is that the lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station of the invention based on remote sensing image optimizes schematic device.
Specific embodiment
To keep the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical solution and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing and tool
Body embodiment is described in detail.
On the one hand, the present invention provides a kind of lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station optimization method based on remote sensing image, such as Fig. 1 institute
Show, comprising:
Step 1: more scape remote sensing images including lake and reservoir region in acquisition time sequence, remote sensing image include it is multispectral or
Target in hyperspectral remotely sensed image.
The present invention determines lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station by remote sensing image, is preferred for lake or reservoir, due to lake or
The chl-a concentration distribution of reservoir is not fixed and invariable, but has certain variation range, it is therefore desirable to in certain time
More scape remote sensing images counted.Such as a remote sensing image is obtained daily, continue 1 year, the chl-a obtained in 1 year is dense
Distribution situation is spent, the chl-a concentration distribution situation in 1 year is counted, lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station can be carried out excellent
Change.
Multi-spectrum remote sensing image refers to that the remote sensing image comprising multiple wave bands, wave band number are generally several to more than ten, high
Spectral band number is generally up to a hundred.Generally mostly light is obtained from image capture device (being mounted in the imaging spectrometer etc. on satellite)
Compose remote sensing image.
Step 2: every scape remote sensing image being pre-processed, more scape Remote Sensing Reflectance images are obtained.Pretreatment can be eliminated
The error of remote sensing image and distortion etc..
Step 3: image cropping operation being carried out to more scape Remote Sensing Reflectance images, obtains the remote sensing reflection in more scape lake and reservoirs region
Rate image.The commonly known boundary of water bodys such as lake or reservoir utilizes known lake or reservoir side bound pair Remote Sensing Reflectance image
Carry out image cropping operation.
Preferably, if it is not known that lake or reservoir boundary, can obtain the distant of more scape lake and reservoirs region by the following method
Feel reflectivity image (the case where certain this method can be used for known boundaries):
Step 31: land and water separation being carried out to every scape Remote Sensing Reflectance image, obtains the lake and reservoir region that every scape primarily determines
Remote Sensing Reflectance image.
In this step, using the information of specific band, edge detection is carried out to image, detects the wheel in islands and reefs and continent
Exterior feature is cut, and land and water separation is completed.
Step 32: the edge of the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in the lake and reservoir region primarily determined to every scape carries out exposure mask operation, obtains
To the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in more scape lake and reservoirs region.The problem inaccurate there may be edge, edge exposure mask energy after the separation of land and water
Enough to be modified to the edge in the lake and reservoir region primarily determined, chl-a is supervised caused by reducing because of flood boundaries separation inaccurately
Survey station point lays inaccurate problem.
Step 4: utilizing chl-a inverse model, operation is carried out to the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in every scape lake and reservoir region, is obtained more
Scape chl-a concentration space distribution map Y.
Calculation method is as follows: Y=g (X), Y represent lake and reservoir chl-a concentration, and X represents the remote sensing reflection of each wave band of image
Rate, g represent chl-a inverse model.
Step 5: according to more scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps, calculating chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map, indicating should
Average chl-a concentration in time series.
Step 6: according to chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map, calculating maximum space the correlation distance h, h of chl-a concentration
It is preferred that being obtained by Krieger (Kriging) interpolation method.Chl-a concentration has correlation in certain distance, and distance is bigger,
Its correlation is weaker, is more than certain distance then without correlation, which is maximum space correlation distance, can in the distance
To carry out space interpolation by interpolation method, space interpolation not can be carried out more than the distance.
Step 7: chl-a monitoring station being laid on chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map with gridding method, obtains website
Group, site groups origin site quantity indicate that site groups website quantity is indicated with n in real process with N, and mesh width is no more than most
The half of large space correlation distance, i.e. h/2.
For this step for setting origin site group, mesh width is the distance of adjacent sites.It has been observed that in maximum space
Space interpolation can be carried out by interpolation method in correlation distance, but correlation is very weak in maximum space correlation distance
, to guarantee the accurate of interpolation, grid distance is not more than the half of maximum space correlation distance.
Step 8: space interpolation being carried out with the chl-a concentration of site groups, obtains interpolation chl-a concentration space distribution map.It stands
The chl-a concentration of point group is all websites of site groups in the value of chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map, and site groups are initial at this time
Site groups, website quantity be N, obtained interpolation chl-a concentration space distribution map YNIt indicates.
Step 9: the average distance of chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map and interpolation chl-a concentration space distribution map is calculated,
The average distance is the mean error of inverting value and interpolation, is being averaged for each pixel difference of two images same position
Value, average distance reflect the accuracy of site groups interpolation result.Site groups are initial site groups at this time, and website quantity is N,
Interpolation chl-a concentration space distribution map is YN, average distance dN。
Step 10: calculating the evaluation index of site groups, evaluation index is the increasing function of average distance, is site groups website number
The subtraction function of amount.
The purpose of the present invention is carrying out space interpolation with the chl-a monitoring station of site groups, chl-a concentration space point is obtained
Cloth trend.For theoretically, site groups website quantity is more, and the result that interpolation obtains is more accurate, more can accurately reflect chl-a
Concentration space distribution trend, but site groups website quantity is more, the cost of cost is higher, preferably accurately with least website
Reflect chl-a concentration space distribution trend.Therefore, evaluation index is constructed to assess site groups, and evaluation index is average distance
Increasing function is the subtraction function of site groups website quantity, comprehensively considers average distance and site groups website quantity.
Step 11: slave site group deletes a chl-a monitoring station, and the chl-a monitoring station traversal of deletion is whole
A site groups obtain multiple groups residue website, and the average distance of multiple groups residue website is calculated by the method for step 8,9, is found out flat
Apart from minimum value.
For example, removing 1 website from N number of website, such as remove kth website, remaining N-1 website space interpolation obtains
Interpolation chl-a concentration space distribution map YN-1,k, calculate Y and YN-1,kBetween average distance dN-1,k；N number of point is gradually traversed, is obtained
Apart from ordered series of numbers D (N-1)=(dN-1,1、……、dN-1,k……、dN-1,N), take average apart from the smallest scheme, average distance is denoted as
dN-1。
Step 12: according to average distance minimum value, it is corresponding surplus that average distance minimum value being calculated by the method for step 10
The evaluation index Z of remaining websiteN-1, and using the corresponding remaining website of average distance minimum value as site groups, that is, site groups are updated,
A updated site groups website fewer than site groups before.
Step 13: step 11,12 certain numbers (M-1 times) are repeated, website is successively deleted, is often repeated once, site groups station
Point quantity reduce one, that is, delete 2,3,4 ..., M website, obtain several evaluation indexes ZN-2,ZN-3,…,Zn,…,ZN-M。
Step 14: taking all evaluation index Z above-mentionedN,ZN-1,ZN-2,ZN-3,…,Zn,…,ZN-MIt is corresponding when for minimum value
Site groups lay website in lake and reservoir as final chl-a monitoring station, according to the spatial position of site groups.
More scape remote sensing images comprising lake and reservoir in present invention acquisition time sequence first；Then pass through pretreatment and sanction
It cuts, the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in more scape lake and reservoirs region is obtained, and inverting obtains more scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps, according to more
Scape chl-a concentration space distribution map, obtains chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map；Then the maximum space of chl-a concentration is calculated
Correlation distance, and site groups are laid according to this distance；Interpolation is carried out with site groups, calculates the average distance before and after interpolation, with flat
Equal distance and website quantity calculate evaluation index；Slave site group deletes a website, calculates evaluation index, successively deletes website,
Obtain multiple evaluation indexes, all evaluation indexes when being minimum value corresponding site groups be final chl-a monitoring station.This
The evaluation criteria for the science of constructing is laid in invention to chl-a monitoring station, is obtained on determining chl-a monitoring station through the invention
The chl-a concentration data taken can obtain the chl-a distribution situation of the lake and reservoir overall situation by interpolation, can more reflect all areas in lake
The chl-a distribution situation in domain provides technical support for lake and reservoir Water Quality Evaluation and environmental management.
As an improvement of the present invention, evaluation index is calculated by following formula:
Zn=f (n) * dn
Wherein, n is site groups website quantity, ZnFor evaluation index, dnFor average distance, f (n) is that the non-linear of n subtracts letter
Number, such as f (n)=n-a。
Further, certain lake and reservoirs include reserved website, reserved website be examination section website etc. one or several must
Selective calling point.Site groups must include reserved website at this time, including when reserved website；
Step 7 is further are as follows:
Using reserved website as origin site, chl-a prison is laid on chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map with gridding method
Survey station point, obtains site groups, and mesh width is less than h/2.
Step 11 is further are as follows:
Slave site group deletes a chl-a monitoring station, by the chl-a monitoring station traversal of deletion except reserved website
Entire site groups in addition obtain multiple groups residue website, and the average departure of multiple groups residue website is calculated by the method for step 8,9
From finding out average distance minimum value.
When reserved station point quantity is T, certain number is M-1 times, and site groups origin site quantity is N, M≤N-T, to protect
Final site groups website quantity is demonstrate,proved more than or equal to reserved station point quantity.
When not including reserved website, chl-a monitoring station can be laid by starting point of image border.
Pretreatment of the invention may include radiant correction, atmospheric correction and geometric correction.
Radiant correction (radiometric correction) refers to due to extraneous factor, data acquisition and Transmission system
The correction that the system of generation, random radiation distortion or distortion carries out, elimination or correction cause image abnormal because of radiation error
The process of change.
Atmospheric correction (atmospheric correction), for eliminating caused by atmospheric scattering, absorption, reflection accidentally
Difference.
When remotely sensed image, due to the influence of the factors such as the posture of aircraft, height, speed and earth rotation, make
Geometric distortion occurs relative to ground target at image, this distortion shows as pixel and sends out relative to the physical location of ground target
Raw extruding, distortion, stretching and offset etc., geometric correction is just named in the error correction carried out for geometric distortion.
On the other hand, the present invention provides a kind of lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station optimization device based on remote sensing image, such as Fig. 2
It is shown, comprising:
Remote sensing image obtains module 101, and more scape remote sensing images including lake and reservoir region in acquisition time sequence are distant
Feeling image includes multispectral or target in hyperspectral remotely sensed image.
The present invention determines lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station by remote sensing image, is preferred for lake or reservoir, due to lake or
The chl-a concentration distribution of reservoir is not fixed and invariable, but has certain variation range, it is therefore desirable to in certain time
More scape remote sensing images counted.Such as a remote sensing image is obtained daily, continue 1 year, the chl-a obtained in 1 year is dense
Distribution situation is spent, the chl-a concentration distribution situation in 1 year is counted, lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station can be carried out excellent
Change.
Multi-spectrum remote sensing image refers to that the remote sensing image comprising multiple wave bands, wave band number are generally several to more than ten, high
Spectral band number is generally up to a hundred.Generally mostly light is obtained from image capture device (being mounted in the imaging spectrometer etc. on satellite)
Compose remote sensing image.
Preprocessing module 102 obtains more scape Remote Sensing Reflectance images for pre-processing to every scape remote sensing image.In advance
Processing can eliminate error and distortion of remote sensing image etc..
Image cropping module 103 obtains more scape lake and reservoirs for carrying out image cropping operation to more scape Remote Sensing Reflectance images
The Remote Sensing Reflectance image in region.The commonly known boundary of water bodys such as lake or reservoir, utilizes known lake or reservoir side bound pair
Remote Sensing Reflectance image carries out image cropping operation.
Preferably, if it is not known that lake or reservoir boundary, can obtain the distant of more scape lake and reservoirs region by such as lower unit
Feel reflectivity image (the case where may naturally be used for known boundaries):
Land and water separative unit obtains what every scape primarily determined for carrying out land and water separation to every scape Remote Sensing Reflectance image
The Remote Sensing Reflectance image in lake and reservoir region.
The present invention utilizes the information of specific band, carries out edge detection to image, detects the profile in islands and reefs and continent, into
Row is cut, and completes land and water separation.
It covers at the edge of edge mask cell, the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in the lake and reservoir region for being primarily determined to every scape
Film operation obtains the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in more scape lake and reservoirs region.The problem inaccurate there may be edge, side after the separation of land and water
Edge exposure mask can be modified the edge in the lake and reservoir region primarily determined, caused by reducing because of flood boundaries separation inaccurately
Chl-a monitoring station lays inaccurate problem.
Chl-a reverse block 104, for utilizing chl-a inverse model, to the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in every scape lake and reservoir region into
Row operation obtains more scape chl-a concentration space distribution map Y.
Calculation method is as follows: Y=g (X), Y represent lake and reservoir chl-a concentration, and X represents the remote sensing reflection of each wave band of image
Rate, g represent chl-a inverse model.
Averaging module 105, for calculating chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution according to more scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps
Figure, indicates the average chl-a concentration in the time series.
Maximum space correlation distance computing module 106, for calculating chl-a according to chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map
Maximum space the correlation distance h, h of concentration preferably pass through the acquisition of Krieger (Kriging) interpolation method.Chl-a concentration is in a spacing
There is correlation from interior, distance is bigger, and correlation is weaker, is more than certain distance then without correlation, which is most
Large space correlation distance can carry out space interpolation by interpolation method apart from interior at this, not can be carried out space more than the distance
Interpolation.
Chl-a monitoring station lays module 107, for being laid on chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map with gridding method
Chl-a monitoring station obtains site groups, and site groups origin site quantity is indicated with N, and site groups website quantity is used in real process
N indicates that mesh width is not more than the half of maximum space correlation distance, i.e. h/2.
Chl-a monitoring station lays module for setting origin site group, and mesh width is the distance of adjacent sites.Such as
It is aforementioned, space interpolation can be carried out by interpolation method in maximum space correlation distance, but in maximum space correlation distance
Upper correlation is very weak, and to guarantee the accurate of interpolation, grid distance is not more than the half of maximum space correlation distance.
Spatial interpolation module 108 obtains interpolation chl-a concentration for carrying out space interpolation with the chl-a concentration of site groups
Spatial distribution map.The chl-a concentration of site groups is value of all websites of site groups in chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map, this
When site groups be initial site groups, website quantity be N, obtained interpolation chl-a concentration space distribution map YNIt indicates.
Average distance computing module 109, it is empty for calculating chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map and interpolation chl-a concentration
Between distribution map average distance, which is the average value of each pixel difference of two images same position, average departure
From the accuracy for reflecting site groups interpolation result.Site groups are initial site groups at this time, and website quantity is N, interpolation chl-a
Concentration space distribution map is YN, average distance dN。
First evaluation index computing module 110, for calculating the evaluation index of site groups, evaluation index is average distance
Increasing function is the subtraction function of site groups website quantity.
The purpose of the present invention is carrying out space interpolation with the chl-a monitoring station of site groups, chl-a concentration space point is obtained
Cloth trend.For theoretically, site groups website quantity is more, and the result that interpolation obtains is more accurate, more can accurately reflect chl-a
Concentration space distribution trend, but site groups website quantity is more, the cost of cost is higher, preferably accurately with least website
Reflect chl-a concentration space distribution trend.Therefore, evaluation index is constructed to assess site groups, and evaluation index is average distance
Increasing function is the subtraction function of site groups website quantity, comprehensively considers average distance and site groups website quantity.
Average distance minimum value obtains module 111, a chl-a monitoring station is deleted for slave site group, by deletion
One chl-a monitoring station traverses entire site groups, obtains multiple groups residue website, passes through spatial interpolation module and average distance meter
The average distance that module calculates multiple groups residue website is calculated, average distance minimum value is found out.
For example, removing 1 website from N number of website, such as remove kth website, remaining N-1 website space interpolation obtains
Interpolation chl-a concentration space distribution map YN-1,k, calculate Y and YN-1,kBetween average distance dN-1,k；N number of point is gradually traversed, is obtained
Apart from ordered series of numbers D (N-1)=(dN-1,1、……、dN-1,k……、dN-1,N), take average apart from the smallest scheme, average distance is denoted as
dN-1。
Second evaluation index computing module 112, for passing through evaluation index computing module meter according to average distance minimum value
Calculate the evaluation index Z of the corresponding remaining website of average distance minimum valueN-1, and by the corresponding remaining website of average distance minimum value
As site groups, i.e. update site groups, a updated site groups website fewer than site groups before.
Third evaluation index computing module 113 obtains module and the second evaluation index for repeating average distance minimum value
The certain number (M-1 times) of computing module, successively deletes website, is often repeated once, and site groups website quantity reduces one, that is, deletes
2,3,4 ..., M website, obtains several evaluation indexes ZN-2,ZN-3,…,Zn,…,ZN-M。
Chl-a monitoring station confirmation module 114, for taking all evaluation index Z above-mentionedN,ZN-1,ZN-2,ZN-3,…,
Zn,…,ZN-MCorresponding site groups exist as final chl-a monitoring station according to the spatial position of site groups when for minimum value
Lake and reservoir lays website.
More scape remote sensing images comprising lake and reservoir in present invention acquisition time sequence first；Then pass through pretreatment and sanction
It cuts, the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in more scape lake and reservoirs region is obtained, and inverting obtains more scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps, according to more
Scape chl-a concentration space distribution map, obtains chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map；Then the maximum space of chl-a concentration is calculated
Correlation distance, and site groups are laid according to this distance；Interpolation is carried out with site groups, calculates the average distance before and after interpolation, with flat
Equal distance and website quantity calculate evaluation index；Slave site group deletes a website, calculates evaluation index, successively deletes website,
Obtain multiple evaluation indexes, all evaluation indexes when being minimum value corresponding site groups be final chl-a monitoring station.This
The evaluation criteria for the science of constructing is laid in invention to chl-a monitoring station, is obtained on determining chl-a monitoring station through the invention
The chl-a concentration data taken can obtain the chl-a distribution situation of the lake and reservoir overall situation by interpolation, can more reflect all areas in lake
The chl-a distribution situation in domain provides technical support for lake and reservoir Water Quality Evaluation and environmental management.
As an improvement of the present invention, evaluation index is calculated by following formula:
Zn=f (n) * dn
Wherein, n is site groups website quantity, ZnFor evaluation index, dnFor average distance, f (n) is that the non-linear of n subtracts letter
Number, such as f (n)=n-a。
Further, certain lake and reservoirs include reserved website, reserved website be examination section website etc. one or several must
Selective calling point.Site groups must include reserved website at this time, including when reserved website；
Chl-a monitoring station is laid module and is further used for:
Using reserved website as origin site, chl-a prison is laid on chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map with gridding method
Survey station point, obtains site groups, and mesh width is less than h/2.
Average distance minimum value obtains module and is further used for:
Slave site group deletes a chl-a monitoring station, by the chl-a monitoring station traversal of deletion except reserved website
Entire site groups in addition obtain multiple groups residue website, calculate multiple groups by spatial interpolation module and average distance calculation module
The average distance of remaining website finds out average distance minimum value.
When reserved station point quantity is T, certain number is M-1 times, and site groups origin site quantity is N, M≤N-T, to protect
Final site groups website quantity is demonstrate,proved more than or equal to reserved station point quantity.
When not including reserved website, chl-a monitoring station can be laid by starting point of image border.
Pretreatment of the invention may include radiant correction, atmospheric correction and geometric correction.
Radiant correction (radiometric correction) refers to due to extraneous factor, data acquisition and Transmission system
The correction that the system of generation, random radiation distortion or distortion carries out, elimination or correction cause image abnormal because of radiation error
The process of change.
Atmospheric correction (atmospheric correction), for eliminating caused by atmospheric scattering, absorption, reflection accidentally
Difference.
When remotely sensed image, due to the influence of the factors such as the posture of aircraft, height, speed and earth rotation, make
Geometric distortion occurs relative to ground target at image, this distortion shows as pixel and sends out relative to the physical location of ground target
Raw extruding, distortion, stretching and offset etc., geometric correction is just named in the error correction carried out for geometric distortion.
The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art
For, without departing from the principles of the present invention, it can also make several improvements and retouch, these improvements and modifications
It should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station optimization method based on remote sensing image characterized by comprising
Step 1: more scape remote sensing images including lake and reservoir region in acquisition time sequence, the remote sensing image include it is multispectral or
Target in hyperspectral remotely sensed image；
Step 2: every scape remote sensing image being pre-processed, more scape Remote Sensing Reflectance images are obtained；
Step 3: image cropping operation being carried out to more scape Remote Sensing Reflectance images, obtains the Remote Sensing Reflectance shadow in more scape lake and reservoirs region
Picture；
Step 4: utilizing chl-a inverse model, operation is carried out to the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in every scape lake and reservoir region, obtains more scapes
Chl-a concentration space distribution map；
Step 5: according to more scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps, calculating chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map；
Step 6: according to the chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map, calculating the maximum space correlation distance of chl-a concentration；
Step 7: chl-a monitoring station being laid on chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map with gridding method, obtains site groups, net
Lattice width is not more than the half of the maximum space correlation distance；
Step 8: space interpolation being carried out with the chl-a concentration of the site groups, obtains interpolation chl-a concentration space distribution map；
Step 9: calculating the average distance of the chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map and interpolation chl-a concentration space distribution map；
Step 10: calculating the evaluation index of the site groups, it is site groups station that the evaluation index, which is the increasing function of average distance,
The subtraction function of point quantity；
Step 11: slave site group deletes a chl-a monitoring station, by the entire station of chl-a monitoring station traversal of deletion
Point group, obtains multiple groups residue website, and the average distance of multiple groups residue website is calculated by method described in step 8,9, is found out flat
Apart from minimum value；
Step 12: according to the average distance minimum value, it is corresponding that average distance minimum value being calculated by the method described in step 10
Remaining website evaluation index, and using the corresponding remaining website of average distance minimum value as site groups；
Step 13: repeating step 11,12 certain numbers, obtain several evaluation indexes；
Step 14: corresponding site groups are as final chl-a monitoring station when to take all evaluation indexes above-mentioned be minimum value；
Wherein, the chl-a is chlorophyll a.
2. the lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station optimization method according to claim 1 based on remote sensing image, which is characterized in that
The evaluation index is calculated by following formula:
Zn=f (n) * dn
Wherein, n is site groups website quantity, ZnFor evaluation index, dnFor average distance, f (n) is the non-linear decreasing functions of n.
3. the lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station optimization method according to claim 1 based on remote sensing image, which is characterized in that
The site groups include reserved website, and the reserved website includes examination section website；
The step 7 is further are as follows:
Using reserved website as origin site, the monitoring station chl-a is laid on chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map with gridding method
Point, obtains site groups, and mesh width is not more than the half of the maximum space correlation distance；
The step 11 is further are as follows:
Slave site group deletes a chl-a monitoring station, and a chl-a monitoring station of deletion is traversed in addition to reserved website
Entire site groups, obtain multiple groups residue website, pass through method described in step 8,9 calculate multiple groups residue website average departure
From finding out average distance minimum value.
4. the lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station optimization method according to claim 3 based on remote sensing image, which is characterized in that
The reserved station point quantity is T, and certain number is M-1 times, and the site groups origin site quantity is N, M≤N-T.
5. the lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station optimization method according to claim 1 to 4 based on remote sensing image, feature
It is, the pretreatment includes radiant correction, atmospheric correction and geometric correction.
6. a kind of lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station based on remote sensing image optimizes device characterized by comprising
Remote sensing image obtains module, more scape remote sensing images including lake and reservoir region in acquisition time sequence, the remote sensing
Image includes multispectral or target in hyperspectral remotely sensed image；
Preprocessing module obtains more scape Remote Sensing Reflectance images for pre-processing to every scape remote sensing image；
Image cropping module obtains more scape lake and reservoirs region for carrying out image cropping operation to more scape Remote Sensing Reflectance images
Remote Sensing Reflectance image；
Chl-a reverse block carries out operation to the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in every scape lake and reservoir region for utilizing chl-a inverse model,
Obtain more scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps；
Averaging module, for calculating chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map according to more scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps；
Maximum space correlation distance computing module, for it is dense to calculate chl-a according to the chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map
The maximum space correlation distance of degree；
Chl-a monitoring station lays module, for laying chl-a prison on chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map with gridding method
Survey station point, obtains site groups, and mesh width is not more than the half of the maximum space correlation distance；
It is empty to obtain interpolation chl-a concentration for carrying out space interpolation with the chl-a concentration of the site groups for spatial interpolation module
Between distribution map；
Average distance computing module, for calculating the chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map and interpolation chl-a concentration space point
The average distance of Butut；
First evaluation index computing module, for calculating the evaluation index of the site groups, the evaluation index is average distance
Increasing function, be the subtraction function of site groups website quantity；
Average distance minimum value obtains module, a chl-a monitoring station is deleted for slave site group, by a chl- of deletion
A monitoring station traverses entire site groups, obtains multiple groups residue website, calculates mould by the spatial interpolation module and average distance
Block calculates the average distance of multiple groups residue website, finds out average distance minimum value；
Second evaluation index computing module, for passing through the evaluation index computing module according to the average distance minimum value
The evaluation index of the corresponding remaining website of average distance minimum value is calculated, and the corresponding remaining website of average distance minimum value is made
For site groups；
Third evaluation index computing module, for repeating, the average distance minimum value obtains module and the second evaluation index calculates
The certain number of module, obtains several evaluation indexes；
Corresponding site groups conduct when chl-a monitoring station confirmation module for taking all evaluation indexes above-mentioned is minimum value
Final chl-a monitoring station；
Wherein, the chl-a is chlorophyll a.
7. the lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station according to claim 6 based on remote sensing image optimizes device, which is characterized in that
The evaluation index is calculated by following formula:
Zn=f (n) * dn
Wherein, n is site groups website quantity, ZnFor evaluation index, dnFor average distance, f (n) is the non-linear decreasing functions of n.
8. the lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station according to claim 6 based on remote sensing image optimizes device, which is characterized in that
The site groups include reserved website, and the reserved website includes examination section website；
The chl-a monitoring station is laid module and is further used for:
Using reserved website as origin site, the monitoring station chl-a is laid on chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution map with gridding method
Point, obtains site groups, and mesh width is not more than the half of the maximum space correlation distance；
The average distance minimum value obtains module and is further used for:
Slave site group deletes a chl-a monitoring station, and a chl-a monitoring station of deletion is traversed in addition to reserved website
Entire site groups, obtain multiple groups residue website, pass through the spatial interpolation module and average distance calculation module calculates multiple groups
The average distance of remaining website finds out average distance minimum value.
9. the lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station according to claim 8 based on remote sensing image optimizes device, which is characterized in that
The reserved station point quantity is T, and certain number is M-1 times, and the site groups origin site quantity is N, M≤N-T.
10. device is optimized according to any lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station based on remote sensing image of claim 6-9, it is special
Sign is that the pretreatment includes radiant correction, atmospheric correction and geometric correction.
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