CN108334989A - Lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring stations optimization method based on remote sensing image and device - Google Patents
Lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring stations optimization method based on remote sensing image and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of lake and reservoir chl a monitoring stations optimization methods and device based on remote sensing image, belongs to water quality monitoring field, the present invention obtains the remote sensing image that more scapes include lake and reservoir；By pretreatment, cutting, chl a invertings and average computation, chl a mean concentration spatial distribution maps are obtained；Then the maximum space correlation distance of chl a concentration is calculated, and site groups are laid according to the distance；With site groups into row interpolation, the average distance before and after interpolation is calculated, evaluation index is calculated with average distance and website quantity；Slave site group deletes a website, calculates evaluation index, deletes website successively, obtains multiple evaluation indexes, all evaluation indexes when being minimum value corresponding site groups be final chl a monitoring stations.The present invention lays lake and reservoir chl a monitoring stations the evaluation criteria for the science that constructs, the chl a concentration datas obtained on determining chl a monitoring stations through the invention can obtain lake and reservoir overall situation chl a distribution situations by interpolation, and technical support is provided for lake and reservoir Water Quality Evaluation and environmental management.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water quality monitoring fields, and it is excellent to particularly relate to a kind of lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring stations based on remote sensing image
Change method and apparatus.
Background technology
With the fast development of China's economy, people’s lives level is significantly enhanced, while also being brought
Puzzlement in terms of environment, the quality of water quality are directly related to the normal life of people and the survival and development of natural environment.
Eutrophic state is generally presented in the natural water in China at present, and directly performance is exactly the mass propagation of algae substances, and algae
Substance Determination of Chlorophyll a (chl-a) proportion is more stable, and is convenient for labor measurement, therefore Chlorophyll-a Content is as reflection
The important indicator of water body eutrophication degree.
To the comprehensive assessment of the water bodys chl-a contents such as lake, reservoir (abbreviation lake and reservoir), the sky for obtaining lake and reservoir chl-a is needed
Between distribution situation.And the main method for obtaining lake and reservoir chl-a overall situation distribution situations at present is by setting up minority in lake and reservoir
Chl-a monitoring stations, obtain chl-a monitoring stations water monitoring data (i.e. chl-a concentration), and to monitoring data by instead away from
Space interpolation is carried out from the methods of weighted interpolation, Spline interpolation, trend surface interpolation or kriging analysis, obtains lake and reservoir
Chl-a overall situation distribution situations.
Chl-a monitoring stations, which are laid, at present mainly considers that lake and reservoir enters water water outlet, water intaking, pollutant emission, hydrologic condition etc.
Factor makes every effort to obtain representativeness chl-a data, inverting lake and reservoir chl-a concentration and space point with less monitoring section and measuring point
Cloth feature.It specifically lays principle：(1) in lake and reservoir main doorway, center, stagnant area, potable water source district, fish oviposition
Section should be arranged in area and excursion district etc..(2) at the remittance of main sewerage mouth, depending on its pollutant spread condition in 100~1000m of downstream
Place's 1~5 section of setting or half section.(3) valley type reservoir, should be in reservoir upstream, middle reaches, the areas Jin Ba and library floor and master pool
Lay sampling section in gulf backwater zone.(4) lake and reservoir is without manifest function subregion, can be used that gridding method is uniformly distributed, and sizing grid is according to lake
Depending on the area of library.(5) the sampling section of lake and reservoir should be vertical with water (flow) direction near section.
The laying of existing chl-a monitoring stations largely meets the monitoring needs or pollutant of lake and reservoir functional areas
The monitoring needs of input and output consider to obtain chl-a spatial distribution characteristics with chl-a monitoring station data inversions few as possible.
Quantity and point position in space distribution for existing website are often difficult to meet space interpolation needs.
Invention content
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring stations optimization based on remote sensing image
Method and apparatus, the present invention lay lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring stations the evaluation criteria for the science that constructs, and determine through the invention
The chl-a concentration datas obtained on chl-a monitoring stations can obtain the chl-a distribution situations of the lake and reservoir overall situation by interpolation,
The chl-a distribution situations that can more reflect lake all areas provide technical support for lake and reservoir Water Quality Evaluation and environmental management.
It is as follows that the present invention provides technical solution：
A kind of lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station optimization methods based on remote sensing image, including：
Step 1：The more scape remote sensing images for including lake and reservoir region in time series are obtained, the remote sensing image includes mostly light
Spectrum or target in hyperspectral remotely sensed image；
Step 2：Every scape remote sensing image is pre-processed, more scape Remote Sensing Reflectance images are obtained；
Step 3：Image cropping operation is carried out to more scape Remote Sensing Reflectance images, obtains the remote sensing reflection in more scape lake and reservoirs region
Rate image；
Step 4：Using chl-a inverse models, operation is carried out to the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in every scape lake and reservoir region, is obtained more
Scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps；
Step 5：According to more scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps, chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution maps are calculated；
Step 6：According to the chl-a mean concentrations spatial distribution map, calculate the maximum space correlation of chl-a concentration away from
From；
Step 7：Chl-a monitoring stations are laid on chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution maps with gridding method, obtain website
Group, mesh width are not more than the half of the maximum space correlation distance；
Step 8：Space interpolation is carried out with the chl-a concentration of the site groups, obtains the distribution of interpolation chl-a concentration spaces
Figure；
Step 9：Calculate being averaged for the chl-a mean concentrations spatial distribution map and interpolation chl-a concentration space distribution maps
Distance；
Step 10：The evaluation index of the site groups is calculated, the evaluation index is the increasing function of average distance, is website
The subtraction function of group website quantity；
Step 11：Slave site group deletes a chl-a monitoring station, and the chl-a monitoring station traversal of deletion is whole
A site groups obtain multigroup remaining website, and the average distance of multigroup remaining website is calculated by the method described in step 8,9, is looked for
Go out average distance minimum value；
Step 12：According to the average distance minimum value, average distance minimum value is calculated by the method described in step 10
The evaluation index of corresponding residue website, and using the corresponding remaining website of average distance minimum value as site groups；
Step 13：Step 11,12 certain numbers are repeated, several evaluation indexes are obtained；
Step 14：Corresponding site groups are monitored as final chl-a when to take all evaluation indexes above-mentioned be minimum value
Website.
Further, the evaluation index is calculated by following formula：
Zn=f (n) * dn
Wherein, n is site groups website quantity, ZnFor evaluation index, dnFor average distance, f (n) is that the non-linear of n subtracts letter
Number.
Further, the site groups include reserved website, and the reserved website includes examination section website；
The step 7 is further：
Using reserved website as origin site, chl-a prisons are laid on chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution maps with gridding method
Survey station point, obtains site groups, and mesh width is not more than the half of the maximum space correlation distance；
The step 11 is further：
Slave site group deletes a chl-a monitoring station, by the chl-a monitoring station traversal of deletion except reserved website
Entire site groups in addition obtain multigroup remaining website, being averaged for multigroup remaining website are calculated by the method described in step 8,9
Distance finds out average distance minimum value.
Further, the reserved station point quantity is T, and certain number is M-1 times, the site groups origin site number
Amount is N, M≤N-T.
Further, the pretreatment includes radiant correction, atmospheric correction and geometric correction.
A kind of lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring stations optimization device based on remote sensing image, including：
Remote sensing image acquisition module, it is described for obtaining the more scape remote sensing images for including lake and reservoir region in time series
Remote sensing image includes multispectral or target in hyperspectral remotely sensed image；
Preprocessing module obtains more scape Remote Sensing Reflectance images for being pre-processed to every scape remote sensing image；
Image cropping module obtains Duo Jing lake and reservoirs area for carrying out image cropping operation to more scape Remote Sensing Reflectance images
The Remote Sensing Reflectance image in domain；
Chl-a reverse blocks carry out the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in every scape lake and reservoir region for utilizing chl-a inverse models
Operation obtains more scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps；
Averaging module, for according to more scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps, calculating chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution maps；
Maximum space correlation distance computing module, for according to the chl-a mean concentrations spatial distribution map, calculating chl-
The maximum space correlation distance of a concentration；
Chl-a monitoring stations lay module, for laying chl- on chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution maps with gridding method
A monitoring stations, obtain site groups, and mesh width is not more than the half of the maximum space correlation distance；
It is dense to obtain interpolation chl-a for carrying out space interpolation with the chl-a concentration of the site groups for spatial interpolation module
Spend spatial distribution map；
Average distance computing module, it is empty for calculating the chl-a mean concentrations spatial distribution map and interpolation chl-a concentration
Between distribution map average distance；
First evaluation index computing module, the evaluation index for calculating the site groups, the evaluation index are average
The increasing function of distance is the subtraction function of site groups website quantity；
Average distance minimum value acquisition module deletes a chl-a monitoring station, by one of deletion for slave site group
Chl-a monitoring stations traverse entire site groups, obtain multigroup remaining website, pass through the spatial interpolation module and average distance meter
The average distance that module calculates multigroup remaining website is calculated, average distance minimum value is found out；
Second evaluation index computing module, for according to the average distance minimum value, being calculated by the evaluation index
Module calculates the evaluation index of the corresponding remaining website of average distance minimum value, and by the corresponding remaining stations of average distance minimum value
Point is used as site groups；
Third evaluation index computing module, for repeating the average distance minimum value acquisition module and the second evaluation index
The certain number of computing module, obtains several evaluation indexes；
Corresponding site groups when chl-a monitoring station confirmation modules for taking all evaluation indexes above-mentioned are minimum value
As final chl-a monitoring stations.
Further, the evaluation index is calculated by following formula：
Zn=f (n) * dn
Wherein, n is site groups website quantity, ZnFor evaluation index, dnFor average distance, f (n) is that the non-linear of n subtracts letter
Number.
Further, the site groups include reserved website, and the reserved website includes examination section website；
The chl-a monitoring stations are laid module and are further used for：
Using reserved website as origin site, chl-a prisons are laid on chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution maps with gridding method
Survey station point, obtains site groups, and mesh width is not more than the half of the maximum space correlation distance；
The average distance minimum value acquisition module is further used for：
Slave site group deletes a chl-a monitoring station, by the chl-a monitoring station traversal of deletion except reserved website
Entire site groups in addition obtain multigroup remaining website, are calculated by the spatial interpolation module and average distance calculation module
The average distance of multigroup residue website, finds out average distance minimum value.
Further, the reserved station point quantity is T, and certain number is M-1 times, the site groups origin site number
Amount is N, M≤N-T.
Further, the pretreatment includes radiant correction, atmospheric correction and geometric correction.
The invention has the advantages that：
The present invention obtains the more scape remote sensing images for including lake and reservoir in time series first；Then by pre-processing and cutting out
It cuts, the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in more scape lake and reservoirs region is obtained, and inverting obtains more scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps, according to more
Scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps, obtain chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution maps；Then the maximum space of chl-a concentration is calculated
Correlation distance, and site groups are laid according to the distance；With site groups into row interpolation, the average distance before and after interpolation is calculated, with flat
Equal distance and website quantity calculate evaluation index；Slave site group deletes a website, calculates evaluation index, deletes website successively,
Obtain multiple evaluation indexes, all evaluation indexes when being minimum value corresponding site groups be final chl-a monitoring stations.This
The evaluation criteria for the science that constructs is laid chl-a monitoring stations in invention, is obtained on determining chl-a monitoring stations through the invention
The chl-a concentration datas taken can obtain the chl-a distribution situations of the lake and reservoir overall situation by interpolation, can more reflect all areas in lake
The chl-a distribution situations in domain provide technical support for lake and reservoir Water Quality Evaluation and environmental management.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station optimization method flow charts based on remote sensing image of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that the lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring stations based on remote sensing image of the present invention optimize schematic device.
Specific implementation mode
To keep the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical solution and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing and tool
Body embodiment is described in detail.
On the one hand, the present invention provides a kind of lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station optimization methods based on remote sensing image, such as Fig. 1 institutes
Show, including：
Step 1：Obtain time series on the more scape remote sensing images for including lake and reservoir region, remote sensing image include it is multispectral or
Target in hyperspectral remotely sensed image.
The present invention determines lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring stations by remote sensing image, is preferred for lake or reservoir, due to lake or
The chl-a concentration distributions of reservoir are not changeless, but have certain variation range, it is therefore desirable to in certain time
More scape remote sensing images counted.Such as a remote sensing image is obtained daily, continue 1 year, the chl-a obtained in 1 year is dense
Distribution situation is spent, the chl-a concentration distribution situations in 1 year are counted, you can lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring stations are carried out excellent
Change.
Multi-spectrum remote sensing image refers to the remote sensing image for including multiple wave bands, and wave band number is generally several to more than ten, high
Spectral band number is generally up to a hundred.Generally mostly light is obtained from image capture device (being mounted in the imaging spectrometer etc. on satellite)
Compose remote sensing image.
Step 2：Every scape remote sensing image is pre-processed, more scape Remote Sensing Reflectance images are obtained.Pretreatment can be eliminated
The error of remote sensing image and distortion etc..
Step 3：Image cropping operation is carried out to more scape Remote Sensing Reflectance images, obtains the remote sensing reflection in more scape lake and reservoirs region
Rate image.The commonly known boundary of water bodys such as lake or reservoir utilizes known lake or reservoir side bound pair Remote Sensing Reflectance image
Carry out image cropping operation.
Preferably, if it is not known that lake or reservoir boundary, can obtain the distant of more scape lake and reservoirs region by the following method
Feel reflectivity image (the case where certain this method can be used for known boundaries)：
Step 31：Land and water separation is carried out to every scape Remote Sensing Reflectance image, obtains the lake and reservoir region that every scape primarily determines
Remote Sensing Reflectance image.
In this step, using the information of specific band, edge detection is carried out to image, detects islands and reefs and the wheel in continent
Exterior feature is cut, and land and water separation is completed.
Step 32：The edge of the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in the lake and reservoir region primarily determined to every scape is obtained into line mask operation
To the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in more scape lake and reservoirs region.There may be the inaccurate problem in edge, edge mask energy after the separation of land and water
It is enough that the edge in the lake and reservoir region primarily determined is modified, it reduces the chl-a caused by flood boundaries separation is inaccurate and supervises
Survey station point lays inaccurate problem.
Step 4：Using chl-a inverse models, operation is carried out to the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in every scape lake and reservoir region, is obtained more
Scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps Y.
Computational methods are as follows：Y=g (X), Y represent lake and reservoir chl-a concentration, and X represents the remote sensing reflection of each wave band of image
Rate, g represent chl-a inverse models.
Step 5：According to more scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps, chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution maps are calculated, indicating should
Average chl-a concentration in time series.
Step 6：According to chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution maps, maximum space the correlation distance h, h of chl-a concentration are calculated
It is preferred that being obtained by Krieger (Kriging) interpolation method.Chl-a concentration has correlation in certain distance, and distance is bigger,
Its correlation is weaker, and more than certain distance then without correlation, which is maximum space correlation distance, can in the distance
To carry out space interpolation by interpolation method, space interpolation cannot be carried out more than the distance.
Step 7：Chl-a monitoring stations are laid on chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution maps with gridding method, obtain website
Group, site groups origin site quantity indicate that site groups website quantity is indicated with n in real process with N, and mesh width is no more than most
The half of large space correlation distance, i.e. h/2.
For this step for setting origin site group, mesh width is the distance of adjacent sites.It has been observed that in maximum space
Space interpolation can be carried out by interpolation method in correlation distance, but correlation is very weak in maximum space correlation distance
, to ensure that the accurate of interpolation, grid distance are not more than the half of maximum space correlation distance.
Step 8：Space interpolation is carried out with the chl-a concentration of site groups, obtains interpolation chl-a concentration space distribution maps.It stands
All websites of a concentration of site groups of chl-a of point group are in the value of chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution maps, and site groups are initial at this time
Site groups, website quantity be N, obtained interpolation chl-a concentration space distribution maps YNIt indicates.
Step 9：The average distance of chl-a mean concentrations spatial distribution map and interpolation chl-a concentration space distribution maps is calculated,
The average distance is the mean error of inverting value and interpolation, is being averaged for each pixel difference of two images same position
Value, average distance reflect the accuracy of site groups interpolation result.Site groups are initial site groups at this time, and website quantity is N,
Interpolation chl-a concentration space distribution maps are YN, average distance dN。
Step 10：The evaluation index of site groups is calculated, evaluation index is the increasing function of average distance, is site groups website number
The subtraction function of amount.
The purpose of the present invention is carrying out space interpolation with the chl-a monitoring stations of site groups, chl-a concentration spaces point are obtained
Cloth trend.For theoretically, site groups website quantity is more, and the result that interpolation obtains is more accurate, more can accurately reflect chl-a
Concentration space distribution trend, but site groups website quantity is more, the cost of cost is higher, preferably accurately with minimum website
Reflect chl-a concentration space distribution trends.Therefore, evaluation index is built to assess site groups, and evaluation index is average distance
Increasing function is the subtraction function of site groups website quantity, considers average distance and site groups website quantity.
Step 11：Slave site group deletes a chl-a monitoring station, and the chl-a monitoring station traversal of deletion is whole
A site groups obtain multigroup remaining website, and the average distance of multigroup remaining website is calculated by the method for step 8,9, is found out flat
Apart from minimum value.
For example, removing 1 website from N number of website, such as remove kth website, remaining N-1 website space interpolation obtains
Interpolation chl-a concentration space distribution maps YN-1,k, calculate Y and YN-1,kBetween average distance dN-1,k；N number of point is gradually traversed, is obtained
Apart from ordered series of numbers D (N-1)=(dN-1,1、……、dN-1,k……、dN-1,N), the scheme for taking average distance minimum, average distance is denoted as
dN-1。
Step 12：According to average distance minimum value, it is corresponding surplus that average distance minimum value is calculated by the method for step 10
The evaluation index Z of remaining websiteN-1, and using the corresponding remaining website of average distance minimum value as site groups, that is, site groups are updated,
A updated site groups website fewer than site groups before.
Step 13：Step 11,12 certain numbers (M-1 times) are repeated, website is deleted successively, is often repeated once, site groups station
Point quantity reduce one, that is, delete 2,3,4 ..., M website, obtain several evaluation indexes ZN-2,ZN-3,…,Zn,…,ZN-M。
Step 14：Take all evaluation index Z above-mentionedN,ZN-1,ZN-2,ZN-3,…,Zn,…,ZN-MFor minimum value when it is corresponding
Site groups lay website as final chl-a monitoring stations, according to the spatial position of site groups in lake and reservoir.
The present invention obtains the more scape remote sensing images for including lake and reservoir in time series first；Then by pre-processing and cutting out
It cuts, the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in more scape lake and reservoirs region is obtained, and inverting obtains more scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps, according to more
Scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps, obtain chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution maps；Then the maximum space of chl-a concentration is calculated
Correlation distance, and site groups are laid according to the distance；With site groups into row interpolation, the average distance before and after interpolation is calculated, with flat
Equal distance and website quantity calculate evaluation index；Slave site group deletes a website, calculates evaluation index, deletes website successively,
Obtain multiple evaluation indexes, all evaluation indexes when being minimum value corresponding site groups be final chl-a monitoring stations.This
The evaluation criteria for the science that constructs is laid chl-a monitoring stations in invention, is obtained on determining chl-a monitoring stations through the invention
The chl-a concentration datas taken can obtain the chl-a distribution situations of the lake and reservoir overall situation by interpolation, can more reflect all areas in lake
The chl-a distribution situations in domain provide technical support for lake and reservoir Water Quality Evaluation and environmental management.
As an improvement of the present invention, evaluation index is calculated by following formula：
Zn=f (n) * dn
Wherein, n is site groups website quantity, ZnFor evaluation index, dnFor average distance, f (n) is that the non-linear of n subtracts letter
Number, such as f (n)=n-a。
Further, certain lake and reservoirs include reserved website, reserved website be examination section website etc. one or several must
Selective calling point.Site groups must include reserved website at this time, including when reserved website；
Step 7 is further：
Using reserved website as origin site, chl-a prisons are laid on chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution maps with gridding method
Survey station point, obtains site groups, and mesh width is less than h/2.
Step 11 is further：
Slave site group deletes a chl-a monitoring station, by the chl-a monitoring station traversal of deletion except reserved website
Entire site groups in addition obtain multigroup remaining website, and the average departure of multigroup remaining website is calculated by the method for step 8,9
From finding out average distance minimum value.
When reserved station point quantity is T, certain number is M-1 times, and site groups origin site quantity is N, M≤N-T, to protect
It demonstrate,proves final site groups website quantity and is more than or equal to reserved station point quantity.
When not including reserved website, chl-a monitoring stations can be laid by starting point of image border.
The pretreatment of the present invention may include radiant correction, atmospheric correction and geometric correction.
Radiant correction (radiometric correction) refers to due to extraneous factor, data acquisition and Transmission system
The correction that the system of generation, random radiation distortion or distortion carries out, is eliminated or correction causes image abnormal because of radiation error
The process of change.
Atmospheric correction (atmospheric correction), for eliminating atmospheric scattering, absorption, reflection caused by accidentally
Difference.
When remotely sensed image, due to the influence of the factors such as the posture of aircraft, height, speed and earth rotation, make
Geometric distortion occurs relative to ground target at image, this distortion shows as pixel and sent out relative to the physical location of ground target
Raw extruding, distortion, stretching and offset etc., geometric correction is just named in the error correction carried out for geometric distortion.
On the other hand, the present invention provides a kind of lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring stations optimization device based on remote sensing image, such as Fig. 2
It is shown, including：
Remote sensing image acquisition module 101, it is distant for obtaining the more scape remote sensing images for including lake and reservoir region in time series
It includes multispectral or target in hyperspectral remotely sensed image to feel image.
The present invention determines lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring stations by remote sensing image, is preferred for lake or reservoir, due to lake or
The chl-a concentration distributions of reservoir are not changeless, but have certain variation range, it is therefore desirable to in certain time
More scape remote sensing images counted.Such as a remote sensing image is obtained daily, continue 1 year, the chl-a obtained in 1 year is dense
Distribution situation is spent, the chl-a concentration distribution situations in 1 year are counted, you can lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring stations are carried out excellent
Change.
Multi-spectrum remote sensing image refers to the remote sensing image for including multiple wave bands, and wave band number is generally several to more than ten, high
Spectral band number is generally up to a hundred.Generally mostly light is obtained from image capture device (being mounted in the imaging spectrometer etc. on satellite)
Compose remote sensing image.
Preprocessing module 102 obtains more scape Remote Sensing Reflectance images for being pre-processed to every scape remote sensing image.In advance
Processing can eliminate error and distortion of remote sensing image etc..
Image cropping module 103 obtains more scape lake and reservoirs for carrying out image cropping operation to more scape Remote Sensing Reflectance images
The Remote Sensing Reflectance image in region.The commonly known boundary of water bodys such as lake or reservoir, utilizes known lake or reservoir side bound pair
Remote Sensing Reflectance image carries out image cropping operation.
Preferably, if it is not known that lake or reservoir boundary, can obtain the distant of more scape lake and reservoirs region by such as lower unit
Feel reflectivity image (the case where may naturally be used for known boundaries)：
Land and water separative element obtains what every scape primarily determined for carrying out land and water separation to every scape Remote Sensing Reflectance image
The Remote Sensing Reflectance image in lake and reservoir region.
The present invention utilizes the information of specific band, carries out edge detection to image, detects islands and reefs and the profile in continent, into
Row is cut, and completes land and water separation.
It covers at the edge of edge mask cell, the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in the lake and reservoir region for being primarily determined to every scape
Film operation obtains the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in more scape lake and reservoirs region.There may be the inaccurate problem in edge, sides after the separation of land and water
Edge mask can be modified the edge in the lake and reservoir region primarily determined, reduce caused by flood boundaries separation is inaccurate
Chl-a monitoring stations lay inaccurate problem.
Chl-a reverses block 104, for utilizing chl-a inverse models, to the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in every scape lake and reservoir region into
Row operation obtains more scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps Y.
Computational methods are as follows：Y=g (X), Y represent lake and reservoir chl-a concentration, and X represents the remote sensing reflection of each wave band of image
Rate, g represent chl-a inverse models.
Averaging module 105, for according to more scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps, calculating chl-a mean concentration spatial distributions
Figure, indicates the average chl-a concentration in the time series.
Maximum space correlation distance computing module 106, for according to chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution maps, calculating chl-a
Maximum space the correlation distance h, h of concentration are preferably obtained by Krieger (Kriging) interpolation method.Chl-a concentration is in a spacing
There is correlation from interior, distance is bigger, and correlation is weaker, and more than certain distance then without correlation, which is most
Large space correlation distance can carry out space interpolation by interpolation method apart from interior at this, space cannot be carried out more than the distance
Interpolation.
Chl-a monitoring stations lay module 107, for being laid on chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution maps with gridding method
Chl-a monitoring stations obtain site groups, and site groups origin site quantity is indicated with N, and site groups website quantity is used in real process
N indicates that mesh width is not more than the half of maximum space correlation distance, i.e. h/2.
Chl-a monitoring stations lay module for setting origin site group, and mesh width is the distance of adjacent sites.Such as
It is aforementioned, space interpolation can be carried out by interpolation method in maximum space correlation distance, but in maximum space correlation distance
Upper correlation is very weak, to ensure that the accurate of interpolation, grid distance are not more than the half of maximum space correlation distance.
Spatial interpolation module 108 obtains interpolation chl-a concentration for carrying out space interpolation with the chl-a concentration of site groups
Spatial distribution map.All websites of a concentration of site groups of chl-a of site groups chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution maps value, this
When site groups be initial site groups, website quantity be N, obtained interpolation chl-a concentration space distribution maps YNIt indicates.
Average distance computing module 109, it is empty for calculating chl-a mean concentrations spatial distribution map and interpolation chl-a concentration
Between distribution map average distance, which is the average value of each pixel difference of two images same position, average departure
From the accuracy for reflecting site groups interpolation result.Site groups are initial site groups at this time, and website quantity is N, interpolation chl-a
Concentration space distribution map is YN, average distance dN。
First evaluation index computing module 110, the evaluation index for calculating site groups, evaluation index are average distances
Increasing function is the subtraction function of site groups website quantity.
The purpose of the present invention is carrying out space interpolation with the chl-a monitoring stations of site groups, chl-a concentration spaces point are obtained
Cloth trend.For theoretically, site groups website quantity is more, and the result that interpolation obtains is more accurate, more can accurately reflect chl-a
Concentration space distribution trend, but site groups website quantity is more, the cost of cost is higher, preferably accurately with minimum website
Reflect chl-a concentration space distribution trends.Therefore, evaluation index is built to assess site groups, and evaluation index is average distance
Increasing function is the subtraction function of site groups website quantity, considers average distance and site groups website quantity.
Average distance minimum value acquisition module 111 deletes a chl-a monitoring station, by deletion for slave site group
One chl-a monitoring station traverses entire site groups, obtains multigroup remaining website, passes through spatial interpolation module and average distance meter
The average distance that module calculates multigroup remaining website is calculated, average distance minimum value is found out.
For example, removing 1 website from N number of website, such as remove kth website, remaining N-1 website space interpolation obtains
Interpolation chl-a concentration space distribution maps YN-1,k, calculate Y and YN-1,kBetween average distance dN-1,k；N number of point is gradually traversed, is obtained
Apart from ordered series of numbers D (N-1)=(dN-1,1、……、dN-1,k……、dN-1,N), the scheme for taking average distance minimum, average distance is denoted as
dN-1。
Second evaluation index computing module 112, for according to average distance minimum value, passing through evaluation index computing module meter
Calculate the evaluation index Z of the corresponding remaining website of average distance minimum valueN-1, and by the corresponding remaining website of average distance minimum value
As site groups, that is, update site groups, a updated site groups website fewer than site groups before.
Third evaluation index computing module 113, for repeating average distance minimum value acquisition module and the second evaluation index
The certain number (M-1 times) of computing module, deletes website, is often repeated once successively, and site groups website quantity reduces one, that is, deletes
2,3,4 ..., M website, obtains several evaluation indexes ZN-2,ZN-3,…,Zn,…,ZN-M。
Chl-a monitoring stations confirmation module 114, for taking all evaluation index Z above-mentionedN,ZN-1,ZN-2,ZN-3,…,
Zn,…,ZN-MFor minimum value when corresponding site groups as final chl-a monitoring stations, exist according to the spatial position of site groups
Lake and reservoir lays website.
The present invention obtains the more scape remote sensing images for including lake and reservoir in time series first；Then by pre-processing and cutting out
It cuts, the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in more scape lake and reservoirs region is obtained, and inverting obtains more scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps, according to more
Scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps, obtain chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution maps；Then the maximum space of chl-a concentration is calculated
Correlation distance, and site groups are laid according to the distance；With site groups into row interpolation, the average distance before and after interpolation is calculated, with flat
Equal distance and website quantity calculate evaluation index；Slave site group deletes a website, calculates evaluation index, deletes website successively,
Obtain multiple evaluation indexes, all evaluation indexes when being minimum value corresponding site groups be final chl-a monitoring stations.This
The evaluation criteria for the science that constructs is laid chl-a monitoring stations in invention, is obtained on determining chl-a monitoring stations through the invention
The chl-a concentration datas taken can obtain the chl-a distribution situations of the lake and reservoir overall situation by interpolation, can more reflect all areas in lake
The chl-a distribution situations in domain provide technical support for lake and reservoir Water Quality Evaluation and environmental management.
As an improvement of the present invention, evaluation index is calculated by following formula：
Zn=f (n) * dn
Wherein, n is site groups website quantity, ZnFor evaluation index, dnFor average distance, f (n) is that the non-linear of n subtracts letter
Number, such as f (n)=n-a。
Further, certain lake and reservoirs include reserved website, reserved website be examination section website etc. one or several must
Selective calling point.Site groups must include reserved website at this time, including when reserved website；
Chl-a monitoring stations are laid module and are further used for：
Using reserved website as origin site, chl-a prisons are laid on chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution maps with gridding method
Survey station point, obtains site groups, and mesh width is less than h/2.
Average distance minimum value acquisition module is further used for：
Slave site group deletes a chl-a monitoring station, by the chl-a monitoring station traversal of deletion except reserved website
Entire site groups in addition obtain multigroup remaining website, are calculated by spatial interpolation module and average distance calculation module multigroup
The average distance of remaining website finds out average distance minimum value.
When reserved station point quantity is T, certain number is M-1 times, and site groups origin site quantity is N, M≤N-T, to protect
It demonstrate,proves final site groups website quantity and is more than or equal to reserved station point quantity.
When not including reserved website, chl-a monitoring stations can be laid by starting point of image border.
The pretreatment of the present invention may include radiant correction, atmospheric correction and geometric correction.
Radiant correction (radiometric correction) refers to due to extraneous factor, data acquisition and Transmission system
The correction that the system of generation, random radiation distortion or distortion carries out, is eliminated or correction causes image abnormal because of radiation error
The process of change.
Atmospheric correction (atmospheric correction), for eliminating atmospheric scattering, absorption, reflection caused by accidentally
Difference.
When remotely sensed image, due to the influence of the factors such as the posture of aircraft, height, speed and earth rotation, make
Geometric distortion occurs relative to ground target at image, this distortion shows as pixel and sent out relative to the physical location of ground target
Raw extruding, distortion, stretching and offset etc., geometric correction is just named in the error correction carried out for geometric distortion.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art
For, without departing from the principles of the present invention, it can also make several improvements and retouch, these improvements and modifications
It should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station optimization methods based on remote sensing image, which is characterized in that including：
Step 1：Obtain time series on the more scape remote sensing images for including lake and reservoir region, the remote sensing image include it is multispectral or
Target in hyperspectral remotely sensed image；
Step 2：Every scape remote sensing image is pre-processed, more scape Remote Sensing Reflectance images are obtained；
Step 3：Image cropping operation is carried out to more scape Remote Sensing Reflectance images, obtains the Remote Sensing Reflectance shadow in more scape lake and reservoirs region
Picture；
Step 4：Using chl-a inverse models, operation is carried out to the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in every scape lake and reservoir region, obtains more scapes
Chl-a concentration space distribution maps；
Step 5：According to more scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps, chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution maps are calculated；
Step 6：According to the chl-a mean concentrations spatial distribution map, the maximum space correlation distance of chl-a concentration is calculated；
Step 7：Chl-a monitoring stations are laid on chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution maps with gridding method, obtain site groups, net
Lattice width is not more than the half of the maximum space correlation distance；
Step 8：Space interpolation is carried out with the chl-a concentration of the site groups, obtains interpolation chl-a concentration space distribution maps；
Step 9：Calculate the average distance of the chl-a mean concentrations spatial distribution map and interpolation chl-a concentration space distribution maps；
Step 10：The evaluation index of the site groups is calculated, the evaluation index is the increasing function of average distance, is site groups station
The subtraction function of point quantity；
Step 11：Slave site group deletes a chl-a monitoring station, by the entire station of chl-a monitoring station traversal of deletion
Point group obtains multigroup remaining website, and the average distance of multigroup remaining website is calculated by the method described in step 8,9, is found out flat
Apart from minimum value；
Step 12：According to the average distance minimum value, average distance minimum value is calculated by the method described in step 10 and is corresponded to
Remaining website evaluation index, and using the corresponding remaining website of average distance minimum value as site groups；
Step 13：Step 11,12 certain numbers are repeated, several evaluation indexes are obtained；
Step 14：Corresponding site groups are as final chl-a monitoring stations when to take all evaluation indexes above-mentioned be minimum value.
2. the lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station optimization methods according to claim 1 based on remote sensing image, which is characterized in that
The evaluation index is calculated by following formula：
Zn=f (n) * dn
Wherein, n is site groups website quantity, ZnFor evaluation index, dnFor average distance, f (n) is the non-linear decreasing functions of n.
3. the lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station optimization methods according to claim 1 based on remote sensing image, which is characterized in that
The site groups include reserved website, and the reserved website includes examination section website；
The step 7 is further：
Using reserved website as origin site, the monitoring stations chl-a are laid on chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution maps with gridding method
Point, obtains site groups, and mesh width is not more than the half of the maximum space correlation distance；
The step 11 is further：
Slave site group deletes a chl-a monitoring station, and a chl-a monitoring station of deletion is traversed in addition to reserved website
Entire site groups, obtain multigroup remaining website, the average departure of multigroup remaining website calculated by the method described in step 8,9
From finding out average distance minimum value.
4. the lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station optimization methods according to claim 3 based on remote sensing image, which is characterized in that
The reserved station point quantity is T, and certain number is M-1 times, and the site groups origin site quantity is N, M≤N-T.
5. according to any lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring station optimization methods based on remote sensing image of claim 1-4, feature
It is, the pretreatment includes radiant correction, atmospheric correction and geometric correction.
6. a kind of lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring stations based on remote sensing image optimize device, which is characterized in that including：
Remote sensing image acquisition module, for obtaining the more scape remote sensing images for including lake and reservoir region in time series, the remote sensing
Image includes multispectral or target in hyperspectral remotely sensed image；
Preprocessing module obtains more scape Remote Sensing Reflectance images for being pre-processed to every scape remote sensing image；
Image cropping module obtains more scape lake and reservoirs region for carrying out image cropping operation to more scape Remote Sensing Reflectance images
Remote Sensing Reflectance image；
Chl-a reverse blocks carry out operation for utilizing chl-a inverse models to the Remote Sensing Reflectance image in every scape lake and reservoir region,
Obtain more scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps；
Averaging module, for according to more scape chl-a concentration space distribution maps, calculating chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution maps；
Maximum space correlation distance computing module, for according to the chl-a mean concentrations spatial distribution map, it is dense to calculate chl-a
The maximum space correlation distance of degree；
Chl-a monitoring stations lay module, for laying chl-a prisons on chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution maps with gridding method
Survey station point, obtains site groups, and mesh width is not more than the half of the maximum space correlation distance；
It is empty to obtain interpolation chl-a concentration for carrying out space interpolation with the chl-a concentration of the site groups for spatial interpolation module
Between distribution map；
Average distance computing module, for calculating the chl-a mean concentrations spatial distribution map and interpolation chl-a concentration spaces point
The average distance of Butut；
First evaluation index computing module, the evaluation index for calculating the site groups, the evaluation index are average distances
Increasing function, be the subtraction function of site groups website quantity；
Average distance minimum value acquisition module deletes a chl-a monitoring station, by a chl- of deletion for slave site group
A monitoring stations traverse entire site groups, obtain multigroup remaining website, mould is calculated by the spatial interpolation module and average distance
Block calculates the average distance of multigroup remaining website, finds out average distance minimum value；
Second evaluation index computing module, for according to the average distance minimum value, passing through the evaluation index computing module
The evaluation index of the corresponding remaining website of average distance minimum value is calculated, and the corresponding remaining website of average distance minimum value is made
For site groups；
Third evaluation index computing module is calculated for repeating the average distance minimum value acquisition module and the second evaluation index
The certain number of module, obtains several evaluation indexes；
Corresponding site groups conduct when chl-a monitoring station confirmation modules for taking all evaluation indexes above-mentioned are minimum value
Final chl-a monitoring stations.
7. the lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring stations according to claim 6 based on remote sensing image optimize device, which is characterized in that
The evaluation index is calculated by following formula：
Zn=f (n) * dn
Wherein, n is site groups website quantity, ZnFor evaluation index, dnFor average distance, f (n) is the non-linear decreasing functions of n.
8. the lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring stations according to claim 6 based on remote sensing image optimize device, which is characterized in that
The site groups include reserved website, and the reserved website includes examination section website；
The chl-a monitoring stations are laid module and are further used for：
Using reserved website as origin site, the monitoring stations chl-a are laid on chl-a mean concentration spatial distribution maps with gridding method
Point, obtains site groups, and mesh width is not more than the half of the maximum space correlation distance；
The average distance minimum value acquisition module is further used for：
Slave site group deletes a chl-a monitoring station, and a chl-a monitoring station of deletion is traversed in addition to reserved website
Entire site groups, obtain multigroup remaining website, calculated by the spatial interpolation module and average distance calculation module multigroup
The average distance of remaining website finds out average distance minimum value.
9. the lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring stations according to claim 8 based on remote sensing image optimize device, which is characterized in that
The reserved station point quantity is T, and certain number is M-1 times, and the site groups origin site quantity is N, M≤N-T.
10. device is optimized according to any lake and reservoir chl-a monitoring stations based on remote sensing image of claim 6-9, it is special
Sign is that the pretreatment includes radiant correction, atmospheric correction and geometric correction.
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| CN110927065A (en) * | 2019-11-02 | 2020-03-27 | 生态环境部卫星环境应用中心 | Remote sensing assisted lake and reservoir chl-a concentration spatial interpolation method optimization method and device |
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