CN108333373A - 血清炎症因子的应用 - Google Patents

血清炎症因子的应用 Download PDF

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CN108333373A
CN108333373A CN201810262079.3A CN201810262079A CN108333373A CN 108333373 A CN108333373 A CN 108333373A CN 201810262079 A CN201810262079 A CN 201810262079A CN 108333373 A CN108333373 A CN 108333373A
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pyemia
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inflammatory cytokines
sepsis
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徐昉
柴雨森
林时辉
王川江
雷铭
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Abstract

本发明涉及医药领域,特别涉及血清炎症因子的应用。实验表明,脓毒症患者的血清白细胞介素‑38的浓度与正常人相比存在显著升高。本发明使得脓毒症的诊断多了一项可靠的指标,对于脓毒症诊断的早期性和准确性具有重要帮助。本发明目的旨在提高脓毒症的早期确诊率,从而早期诊断和治疗脓毒症,降低脓毒症死亡率。此外,实验还表明,血清白细胞介素‑38对脓毒症具有治疗作用。

Description

血清炎症因子的应用
技术领域
本发明涉及医药领域,特别涉及血清炎症因子的应用。
背景技术
脓毒症(sepsis)是指由感染引起的全身炎症反应综合征(systemicinflammatory response syndrome,SIRS),临床上证实有细菌存在或有高度可疑感染灶。虽然脓毒症是由感染引起,但是一旦发生后,其发生发展遵循其自身的病理过程和规律,故从本质上讲脓毒症是机体对感染性因素的反应。
脓毒症可以由任何部位的感染引起,临床上常见于肺炎、腹膜炎、胆管炎、泌尿系统感染、蜂窝织炎、脑膜炎、脓肿等。其病原微生物包括细菌、真菌、病毒及寄生虫等,但并非所有的脓毒症患者都有引起感染的病原微生物的阳性血培养结果,仅约45%的脓毒性休克患者可获得阳性血培养结果。脓毒症常常发生在有严重疾病的患者中,如严重烧伤、多发伤、外科手术后等患者。脓毒症也常见于有慢性疾病的患者如糖尿病、慢性阻塞性支气管、白血病、再生障碍型贫血和尿路结石。
脓毒症的根本发病机制尚未明了,涉及到复杂的全身炎症网络效应、基因多态性、免疫功能障碍、凝血功能异常、组织损伤以及宿主对不同感染病原微生物及其毒素的异常反应等多个方面,与机体多系统、多器官病理生理改变密切相关,脓毒症的发病机制仍需进一步阐明。
1.细菌内毒素:研究表明细菌的内毒素可以诱发脓毒症,脓毒症病理生理过程中出现的失控的炎性反应、免疫功能紊乱、高代谢状态及多器官功能损害均可由内毒素直接或间接触发。
2.炎症介质:脓毒症中感染因素激活机体单核巨噬细胞系统及其他炎症反应细胞,产生并释放大量炎性介质所致。脓毒症时,内源性炎性介质,包括血管活性物质、细胞因子、趋化因子、氧自由基、急性期反应物质、生物活性脂质、血浆酶系统产物及血纤维蛋白溶解途径等相互作用形成网络效应并引起全身各系统、器官的广泛损伤。同时某些细胞因子,如肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α等可能在脓毒症的发生、发展中起到重要作用。
3.免疫功能紊乱:脓毒症免疫障碍特征主要为丧失迟发性过敏反应、不能清除病原体、易感医源性感染。脓毒症免疫功能紊乱的机制,一方面是作为免疫系统的重要调节细胞T细胞功能失调,炎症介质向抗炎反应漂移,致炎因子减少,抗炎因子增多;另一方面则表现为免疫麻痹,即细胞凋亡与免疫无反应性,T细胞对特异性抗原刺激不发生反应性增殖或分泌细胞因子。
4.肠道细菌/内毒素移位:20世纪80年代以来,人们注意到应激发生时导致的机体最大的细菌及内毒素储存库-肠道发生功能失调,进而引起的肠道细菌/内毒素移位所致感染与随后发生的脓毒症及多器官功能不全密切相关。研究表明,严重损伤后的应激反应可造成肠粘膜屏障破坏,肠道菌群生态失调及机体免疫功能下降,从而发生肠道细菌/内毒素移位,触发机体过度炎症反应与器官功能损害。
5.凝血功能紊乱:凝血系统在脓毒症的发病过程中起着重要作用,它与炎症反应相互促进、共同构成脓毒症发生、发展中的关键因素。内毒素和TNF 通过诱发巨噬细胞和内皮细胞释放组织因子,可激活外源性凝血途径,被内毒素激活的凝血因子XII也可进一步激活内源性凝血途径,最终导致弥漫性血管内凝血(DIC)。
6.基因多态性:临床上常见受到同一致病菌感染的不同个体的临床表现和预后截然不同,提示基因多态性等遗传因素也是影响人体对应激打击易感性与耐受性、临床表现多样性及药物治疗反应差异性的重要因素。
脓毒症发生率高,全球每年有超过1800万严重脓毒症病例,美国每年有 75万例脓毒症患者,并且这一数字还以每年1.5%~8.0%的速度上升。脓毒症的病情凶险,病死率高,全球每天约14,000人死于其并发症,美国每年约21.5 万人死亡。据国外流行病学调查显示,脓毒症的病死率已经超过心肌梗死,成为重症监护病房内非心脏病人死亡的主要原因。近年来,尽管抗感染治疗和器官功能支持技术取得了长足的进步,脓毒症的病死率仍高达30%~70%。脓毒症治疗花费高,医疗资源消耗大,严重影响人类的生活质量,已经对人类健康造成巨大威胁。因此对脓毒症的研究一直是近几年研究的热点。降低脓毒症死亡率最有效的方法是早期诊断和治疗。
脓毒症的诊断依据:
1.由于认为既往“感染+SIRS表现”的诊断指标过于敏感,目前临床上诊断成人脓毒症要求有明确感染或可疑感染加上以下指标:
(1)全身情况:发热(>38.3℃)或低体温(<36℃);心率增快(>90次/ 分)或>年龄正常值之上2标准差;呼吸增快(>30次/分);意识改变;明显水肿或液体正平衡>20ml/kg,持续时间超过24h;高血糖症(血糖>7.7mmol/L) 而无糖尿病史。
(2)炎症指标:白细胞增多(>12×109/L或白细胞减少(<4×109/L)或白细胞正常但不成熟细胞>10%;血浆C反应蛋白>正常值2个标准差;血浆降钙素原>正常值2个标准差。
(3)血流动力学指标:低血压(收缩压<90mmHg,平均动脉压<70mmHg 或成人收缩压下降>40mmHg,或低于年龄正常值之下2个标准差);混合静脉血氧饱和度(SvO2)>70%;心脏指数(CI)>3.5L/min/m2。
(4)器官功能障碍参数:氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)<300;急性少尿(尿量<0.5ml/kg/h);肌酐增加≥44.2μmol/L;凝血功能异常(国际标准化比值>1.5 或活化部分凝血活酶时间>60s);肠麻痹:肠鸣音消失;血小板减少 (<100×109/L);高胆红素血症(总胆红素>70mmol/L)。
(5)组织灌注参数:高乳酸血症(>3mmol/L);毛细血管再充盈时间延长或皮肤出现花斑。
需要注意的是:新的诊断标准并未强调必须是在感染的基础上加上以上5 条或其中几条以上表现才可以诊断为脓毒症,而更强调以异常的指标结合临床专科的具体病情变化来做出更符合临床实际的脓毒症临床诊断。
2.严重脓毒症:合并出现器官功能障碍表现的脓毒症。
3.脓毒性休克:其它原因不可解释的,以低血压为特征的急性循环衰竭状态,是严重脓毒症的一种特殊类型。包括:
(1)收缩压<90mmHg或收缩压较原基础值减少>40mmHg至少1h,或依赖输液及药物维持血压,平均动脉压<60mmHg;
(2)毛细血管再充盈时间>2s;
(3)四肢厥冷或皮肤花斑;
(4)高乳酸血症;
(5)尿量减少。
由此可见,脓毒症诊断依据繁复,而脓毒症的早期诊断意味着早期治疗,因此脓毒症的诊断是目前研究的重点和难点。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了血清炎症因子的应用。本发明使得脓毒症的诊断多了一项可靠的指标,对于脓毒症诊断的早期性和准确性具有重要帮助。本发明目的旨在提高脓毒症的早期确诊率,从而早期诊断和治疗脓毒症,降低脓毒症死亡率。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
本发明提供了血清炎症因子作为检测脓毒症的标志物中的应用。
在本发明的一些具体实施方案中,所述血清炎症因子为白细胞介素。
在本发明的一些具体实施方案中,所述血清炎症因子为IL-38或IL-17A。
本发明实验发现,脓毒症患者血清中白细胞介素-38水平较正常人明显升高。因此,对可以患者血清进行白细胞介素-38浓度测量,如果患者血清白细胞介素-38水平增高,结合以上诊断依据,即可提高早期脓毒症诊断的准确率。
在本发明的一些具体实施方案中,所述血清炎症因子的浓度在脓毒症患者的血清中显著升高。
本发明提供了血清炎症因子在制备预防和/或治疗脓毒症的药物中的应用。
在本发明的一些具体实施方案中,所述血清炎症因子为白细胞介素。
在本发明的一些具体实施方案中,所述血清炎症因子为IL-38。
本发明实验结果表明,脓毒症患者的血清白细胞介素-38的浓度与正常人相比存在显著升高(T检验P小于0.05)。脓毒症患者IL-38水平必然升高,但IL-38水平升高不能判断患有脓毒症,需要结合其他临床指标,本发明的目的为提高脓毒症的早期确诊率,发明的意义在于与原有诊断指标结合,并减少原有指标诊断脓毒症时存在的误诊和漏诊。实验表明,Elisa测定患者血清IL-38水平所用时间为6-8小时。
本发明使得脓毒症的诊断多了一项可靠的指标,对于脓毒症诊断的早期性和准确性具有重要帮助。本发明目的旨在提高脓毒症的早期确诊率,从而早期诊断和治疗脓毒症,降低脓毒症死亡率。
此外,实验还表明,血清白细胞介素-38对脓毒症具有治疗作用。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。
图1示较正常人相比,在多种病因(见表2)引起的急性呼吸窘迫综合症 (ARDS)患者血清中白细胞介素38(IL-38)的含量明显增高 (T-test,P=0.0080<0.05);
图2示在图1所有ARDS患者中,非肺源性(NPUL)ARDS患者(主要为脓毒症患者)血清中IL-38含量较肺源性ARDS患者(肺炎患者和肺挫伤患者) 明显增高(T-test P=0.0417<0.05);
图3示图2与健康志愿者相比的结果,可见ARDS患者血清IL-38含量均明显增高,切脓毒症患者血清IL-38含量增高更为明显;
图4示动物实验中,脓毒症小鼠血清中IL-38含量较正常小鼠相比明显增高,并脓毒症小鼠血清中IL-38的含量随时间变化(6小时,12小时,24小时);
图5示在CLP手术(该手术可以诱导小鼠患脓毒症)前30分钟腹腔注射 IL-38抗体清除小鼠体内IL-38后(Anti-IL-38),与对照组(IgG)相比,清除 IL-38的脓毒症小鼠腹腔灌洗液(PLF)中细菌数量明显增加;反推IL-38可以减轻脓毒症引起的腹腔感染,从而减轻(治疗)脓毒症;
图6示IL-38可以在脓毒症引起的肺损伤中发挥保护作用(治疗作用); CLP的图片为普通对照组,CLP(IgG)为同行对照组,CLP(Anti-IL-38)为实验组也就是注射了IL-38抗体清除小鼠体内IL-38之后的分组;所有图片均为小鼠肺组织HE染色切片,这组图片可以明显看出清除IL-38之后的脓毒症小鼠肺组织较未清除IL-38的脓毒症小鼠相比,具有更加严重的肺泡壁增厚、肺泡中的出血和炎性细胞浸润和肺泡塌陷;
图7示小鼠肺损伤MIKAWA评分,该评分为参照图7对小鼠肺组织切片进行评分,评分越高表明肺损伤程度越严重;因此该图片更加直观的表示IL-38 在脓毒症引起的肺损伤中具有保护性作用(治疗作用);*表示T-test P<0.05。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了血清炎症因子的应用,本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是,所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明。本发明的方法及应用已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述,相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的方法和应用进行改动或适当变更与组合,来实现和应用本发明技术。
本发明提供的血清炎症因子的应用中所用原料及试剂均可由市场购得。
下面结合实施例,进一步阐述本发明:
实施例1
实验所用人血清为重医附一院重症监护室脓毒症患者血清及正常体检者血清。动物实验所用实验动物为C57bl/6小鼠,脓毒症诱导方法为盲肠节扎穿刺手术。
具体做法为采集临床患者血清,使用人IL-38Elisa试剂盒检测患者血清 IL-38水平,与标准水平比较判断是否存在升高(标准水平为测得的正常人血清IL-38浓度,不同厂家Elisa试剂盒测得的正常值不同),如果存在升高即为阳性,结合脓毒症确诊指标可提高脓毒症早期确诊率。
实验方法为,将采集的患者或志愿者血液放入离心机内,4℃3000转每分钟离心10分钟后收集血浆,收集到的血浆使用酶联免疫吸附测定的方法测定血浆中IL-38的含量,测定的原始数据如下。
表1
表2
脓毒症 血清IL-38浓度(ng/ml)
0.21103 5.86369
0.65103 16.82189
1.187057 30.17167
1.088127 27.70781
0.438849 11.53755
0.299999 8.079481
0.524069 13.65993
0.484329 12.67022
0.24649 6.746822
0.38186 10.11822
0.41712 10.99637
1.398159 35.42915
0.22223 6.142637
0.453389 11.89966
表3
健康人 血清IL-38浓度(ng/ml)
0.22699 6.26118
0.2099 5.835557
0.22608 6.238521
0.22732 6.269398
0.19222 5.395232
0.18987 5.336709
0.19994 5.587499
0.16936 4.825903
0.187 5.26523
0.18849 5.302341
0.21744 6.023335
N表示正常志愿者血清,P或pul表示其他病因(具体病因及患者信息见表4)患者血清,NP或Npul表示脓毒症患者血清,附图见图1、图2。统计学分析为T-test,有意义。
表4
在ARDS患者血清中发现IL-38水平增高,并且非肺源性患者(NP)血清中IL-38水平明显高于肺源性患者(P),非肺源性患者主要为脓毒症患者。
实施例2
对小鼠进行盲肠截扎穿刺手术(CLP)诱导小鼠脓毒症,并分别于手术后6小时12小时24小时处死小鼠,收集小鼠血液,将小鼠血液置于4摄氏度3000转每分钟离心机中离心10分钟,收集小鼠血清,使用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)小鼠血清中IL-38的浓度,原始数据如下表。
表5 IL-38在脓毒症模型小鼠血清中明显增高的原始数据
N,6H,12H,24H分别对应正常小鼠和脓毒症处理后6小时,12小时和 24小时的小鼠血清首次证明IL-38在脓毒症小鼠血清中升高,统计学检测为 T-test,有意义。原始透光度经过标准曲线换算为IL-38浓度。然后将四组数据进行T-test分析,得到相应柱状图。图5为对应的柱状图。
图6为老鼠肺组织HE染色切片(CLP为普通脓毒症小鼠,CLP(IgG) 为对照组,CLP(Anti-IL38)为IL-38清除小鼠肺组织切片)可以看出清除掉IL-38的小鼠肺损伤加重(根据MiKaWa评分得出)。
mikawa评分见图7,该评分用于评定肺损伤程度(参考文献:Mikawa K, NishinaK,Takao Y,et al.ONO-1714,anitric oxide synthase inhibitor, attenuatesendotoxin-induced acute lung in rabbits[J].Anestth Analg,2003, 97(6):1751-1755.)评分使用的统计学分析为T-test,有意义
表6脓毒症小鼠腹腔灌洗液细菌培养的原始数据
其中,N为正常小鼠的无菌腹腔灌洗液,IgG为同型正常对照组的腹腔灌洗液,Anti-IL-38为IL-38清除的脓毒症小鼠的腹腔灌洗液)使用T-test检验,有意义。PLF CFUIgG vs38为其对应线图,可证明IL-38清除后脓毒症加重(腹腔灌洗液细菌含量增多)。
表7
表8
表9
表10血清炎症因子水平对比
炎症因子浓度使用平均值加减标准差表示,每组五只小鼠。
表7~表9为小鼠血清炎症因子检测原始结果,表10为小鼠血清炎症因子检测最终结果(N为正常小鼠,Anti-IL-38为清除IL-38的小鼠,P为P值,数值均使用均数加减标准差表示)证明IL-38清除后,小鼠血清中炎症因子水平明显增高(脓毒症加重)。
小鼠分为三组,1正常小鼠;2同行对照组(手术前30分钟腹腔注射IgG); 3实验组(手术前30分钟注射IL-38抗体清除小鼠体内IL-38)。手术后分别在6小时12小时24小时候处死(正常小鼠直接处死)小鼠并收集血液,血液样本交给生物公司使用磁珠分选的方法测定血液中TNF-α、IL-2、IL-4、 IL-6、IL-10、IL-13、IL-17-α、IL-27、IFN-γ、CXCL1和CXCL5这些炎症因子的浓度。表格中可见多数炎症因子的表达在注射IL-38抗体清除小鼠体内 IL-38后明显增高。
上述试验反向证明了IL-38对脓毒症的治疗作用。
综上所述,在脓毒症诱导的老鼠血清中发现IL-38水平随患病时间逐渐升高。因此血清IL-38水平可以作为诊断脓毒症的指标之一。
实施例3
方法见实施例2,测定指标为白细胞介素-17A。结果见表11。
实验结果表明,白细胞介素-17A在脓毒症中也存在显著升高,因此在脓毒症诊断中与白细胞介素-38具有相似的作用。浓度升高程度与IL-38相关性分析结果如表11,r:相关系数。
表11
Average±St.dev r P-value
IL-17A 384.5657±176.0803 0.4232 0.0111*
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.血清炎症因子作为检测脓毒症的标志物中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述血清炎症因子为白细胞介素、趋化因子配体、肿瘤坏死因子或干扰素。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述血清炎症因子选自IL-38、IL-17A、IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IL-13或IL-27。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述趋化因子配体选自CXCL-1或CXCL-5。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述肿瘤坏死因子为TNF-α。
6.根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述干扰素为INF-γ。
7.根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述血清炎症因子的浓度在脓毒症患者的血清中显著升高。
8.血清炎症因子在制备预防和/或治疗脓毒症的药物中的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述血清炎症因子为白细胞介素、趋化因子配体、肿瘤坏死因子或干扰素。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述血清炎症因子为IL-38、IL-17A、IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IL-13或IL-27。
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