CN108333213B - Multi-parameter synchronous measurement method for high-temperature conduction and radiation properties of semitransparent porous material - Google Patents
Multi-parameter synchronous measurement method for high-temperature conduction and radiation properties of semitransparent porous material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a transient temperature measurement-based multi-parameter synchronous measurement method for high-temperature conduction and radiation properties of a semitransparent porous material, which aims to solve the problems of low efficiency, large result error and the like of the conventional test method for the high-temperature radiation and conduction thermal properties of the semitransparent porous material, and comprises the following steps: measuring temperature measurement data of different positions of the semitransparent porous material along with time change; construction of lambdatwo‑phase(T), β (T), omega (T) and g (T), obtaining the radiation intensity field and the temperature field intensity at different time in the calculation domain, thereby obtaining the temperature calculation value T of the sample with different positions changing with timec(ii) a Obtaining an objective function Ψ; and judging whether the target function is smaller than a set threshold epsilon, if so, taking the conduction and radiation property parameters of the sample to be detected, which are supposed in the process and change along with the temperature, as the measurement result, and if not, returning to correct the predicted thermal property parameters again. The invention has simple and convenient test process, rapidness, high efficiency and high precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology for measuring high-temperature conduction and radiation properties of materials.
Background
The high-temperature semitransparent porous material has the remarkable advantages of light weight, low cost, high temperature resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the heat protection of spacecrafts, solar power generation, buildings, chemical engineering and other related industrial fields. The materials generally comprise fiber heat insulation felts, metal or ceramic foams, aerogels, composite materials thereof and the like, and the reliable high-temperature conduction and radiation properties of the materials are not only important parameters required for carrying out fine thermal analysis and optimization design on the materials in the high-temperature service process, but also important basis for material characterization and evaluation and new material development.
The high-temperature conduction and radiation coupling heat exchange process of the semitransparent porous material is completely described, and generally comprises a plurality of thermal parameters such as gas/solid coupling thermal conductivity, extinction coefficient, scattering and reflection rate, phase function and the like, and the parameters are closely related to the ambient temperature. The main method for testing the radiation property is to carry out least square fitting on the basis of the calculation results of directional or hemispherical transmittance and reflectance test data and a radiation transfer equation to obtain corresponding radiation parameters, but the test method has the defects of high sample preparation difficulty, complex test, high requirement on experimental equipment, large noise of experimental data in a large-angle deviation incidence direction, large error of the measured radiation parameters, generally only providing radiation property parameters at a lower temperature and incapability of providing high-temperature radiation property, and the high-temperature radiation property which changes along with the temperature is urgently needed for thermal analysis of the material. In many engineering applications, the high temperature conduction and radiation properties of translucent porous materials are important, however, the corresponding high temperature conduction and radiation thermal property data describing the coupling process of such materials cannot be obtained by the current characterization method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multi-parameter synchronous measurement method for high-temperature conduction and radiation properties of a semitransparent porous material based on transient temperature response information, aiming at solving the problems of difficulty in experimental measurement, low test efficiency, large result error and the like of the high-temperature radiation and conduction thermal properties of the traditional semitransparent porous material.
The technical scheme of the multi-parameter synchronous measurement method of the high-temperature conduction and radiation properties of the semitransparent porous material based on the transient temperature response information provided by the invention is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: taking a semitransparent porous material with the thickness L as a sample, as shown in figure 1, inThe upper surface of the sample perpendicular to the thickness L direction is provided with a known emissivity epsilon1On the lower surface of which a known emissivity epsilon is arranged2The low-temperature metal plate is provided with a high-temperature transient heat source which changes along with time on one side, and heat insulation felts with certain thickness are arranged on the periphery and the bottom surface of the high-temperature metal plate, the sample and the low-temperature metal plate component to ensure one-dimensional heat transfer of the sample; starting the high-temperature transient heat source, measuring the temperature response of the upper surface, a plurality of middle positions and the lower surface of the semitransparent porous material sample at N positions in the heating process of the high-temperature transient heat source, and obtaining temperature measurement data T of different positions changing along with timem；
Step two: setting the gas/solid coupling thermal conductivity lambda of the sample to be measured at the temperature Ttwo-phase,TExtinction coefficient βTScattering albedo omegaTAnd anisotropy factor g of the phase functionTThe corresponding thermal property parameter values of each parameter under two adjacent temperatures are in linear relation to form lambdatwo-phase(T), β (T), ω (T), g (T) represent the temperature dependence of the conduction and radiation property parameters;
step three: taking the conduction and radiation property parameters which are set in the step two and change along with the temperature as input, solving a radiation transfer equation and a heat conduction differential equation of the absorption, emission and anisotropic scattering medium, and obtaining radiation intensity fields and temperature fields at different moments in a calculation domain, thereby obtaining temperature calculation values T of the samples at different positions and changing along with the timec(Tc is the temperature value calculated by the model);
step four: utilizing the temperature measurement data of different positions changing along with time in the step one and corresponding temperature calculation values in the step three, and combining a least square formula:
wherein M is the number of temperature data in a single position measurement time period, i is the serial number of a measurement position, j is the serial number of the temperature data in the single position measurement time period, and X is an unknown parameter vector, namely, the vector of the unknown parameter vector along with the temperatureObtaining a target function psi in the least square inverse problem algorithm by the changed conduction and radiation property parameters; t ismijRepresenting the temperature measurement data, T, of the ith position at the jth instant in the time periodcij(X) represents the temperature calculation value of the ith position at the jth moment in the time period.
Step five: judging whether the objective function in the fourth step is smaller than a set threshold epsilon (the threshold is generally 10)-5) If so, the conduction and radiation property parameters of the sample to be detected which are supposed to change along with the temperature change in the step two are taken as output results, otherwise, the predicted thermal property parameters are re-corrected (the correction method is the automatic correction of the adopted L-M algorithm) in the step two are returned.
The solving method of the inverse problem is a Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear optimization theory.
Further, the method for obtaining the temperature fields at different times in the calculation domain in the third step is as follows:
considering the conduction and radiation heat transfer mechanism in the material, the energy conservation equation of the one-dimensional flat sample is obtained as follows:
the initial and boundary conditions are:
T(x,0)＝T0，
T(0,t)＝Thot(t)，
T(L,t)＝Tcold(t)，
where ρ is the density of the sample, C is the specific heat of the sample, t is the time, x is the coordinate in the thickness direction of the sample, and q iscTo conduct heat flow density, qrFor radiant heat flux, T0Is the initial temperature, T, of the samplehotIs the hot face temperature, T, of the samplecoldThe cold face temperature of the sample.
Further, the method for obtaining and calculating the radiation intensity fields at different times in the domain in the fourth step is as follows:
for absorption, emission and anisotropic scattering gray body media, the radiation transfer equation of the radiation property changing along with the temperature is as follows:
wherein x is the coordinate of the thickness direction of the sample, IbIs the blackbody radiation intensity of the sample at the position x, I is the radiation intensity of the sample at the position x, the sample is in the x direction along the thickness direction, mu is the cosine of the included angle between the x axis and the radiation propagation direction, mu' is the cosine of the polar angle in the other scattering direction,
is a scattering phase function;
the upper and lower surfaces of the sample are gray body emission and diffuse reflection radiation boundaries, and the boundary conditions of the sample to be measured are as follows:
further, calculating and calculating the radiant heat flow density q used in the temperature field at different moments in the domainrThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
further, calculating and calculating the conduction heat flow density q used in the temperature fields at different moments in the domaincThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
further, the method for measuring the temperature response of the upper surface, the middle positions and the lower surface of the semitransparent porous material sample is to arrange thermocouples on the upper surface, the middle positions and the lower surface of the sample.
Furthermore, the hot surface of the sample is the surface with higher temperature in the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample, and the cold surface of the sample is the surface with lower temperature in the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample.
The method comprises the steps of firstly setting a model of the parameters of various conduction and radiation properties changing along with the temperature, establishing a high-temperature coupling thermal analysis model and a solving method of absorption, emission, anisotropic scattering medium radiation and conduction, and reconstructing the conduction and radiation thermal properties at various temperatures by using a least square nonlinear optimization theoretical model through temperature test data of different positions of a sample to be tested changing along with the time.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides the coupling thermal property of the semitransparent porous material series changing along with the temperature by establishing an absorption, emission and anisotropic scattering semitransparent porous material high-temperature conduction-radiation coupling heat exchange model, adopting a Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear optimization method based on a theoretical thermal analysis result and a transient thermal response measurement result, and comprising the following steps of: the multi-parameter synchronous measurement method for high-temperature thermal properties such as gas/solid coupling thermal conductivity, extinction coefficient, scattering albedo and phase function.
The method for measuring the high-temperature coupling thermal property of the semitransparent porous material overcomes the problems that the high-temperature conduction and radiation properties of the material are difficult to measure and the test parameters are incomplete in the conventional test method, has the outstanding advantages of simple, convenient, fast, efficient and high-precision test process, low precision requirement on measurement equipment, good practical application potential and can be popularized and applied to various fields of aerospace, military and national defense, energy chemical industry, atmospheric science, buildings and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a testing principle of a transient temperature testing method for a translucent porous material; 1, a heat source, 2, a high-temperature metal plate, 3, a sample, 4, a low-temperature metal plate, 5, a protective felt and 6 thermocouples;
FIG. 2 is a plot of hot side temperature as a function of time;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a multi-parameter synchronous measurement method for high-temperature conductivity and radiation properties of a translucent porous material.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The technical scheme of the multi-parameter synchronous measurement method of the high-temperature conduction and radiation properties of the semitransparent porous material based on the transient temperature response information provided by the invention is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: taking a semitransparent porous material with the thickness L as a sample, and setting a known emissivity epsilon on the upper surface of the sample perpendicular to the thickness L direction1On the lower surface of which a known emissivity epsilon is arranged2The low-temperature metal plate is provided with a high-temperature transient heat source which changes along with time on one side, and heat insulation felts with certain thickness are arranged on the periphery and the bottom surface of the high-temperature metal plate, the sample and the low-temperature metal plate component to ensure one-dimensional heat transfer of the sample; starting the high-temperature transient heat source, measuring the temperature response of the upper surface, a plurality of middle positions and the lower surface of the semitransparent porous material sample at N positions in the heating process of the high-temperature transient heat source, and obtaining temperature measurement data T of different positions changing along with timem；
Step two: setting the gas/solid coupling thermal conductivity lambda of the sample to be measured at the temperature Ttwo-phase,TExtinction coefficient βTScattering albedo omegaTAnd anisotropy factor g of the phase functionTThe corresponding thermal property parameter values of each parameter under two adjacent temperatures are in linear relation to form lambdatwo-phase(T), β (T), ω (T), g (T) represent the temperature dependence of the conduction and radiation property parameters;
step three: taking the conduction and radiation property parameters which are set in the step two and change along with the temperature as input, solving a radiation transfer equation and a heat conduction differential equation aiming at the absorption, emission and anisotropic scattering media, and obtaining radiation intensity fields and temperature fields at different moments in a calculation domain so as to obtain temperature calculation values T of the samples at different positions and changing along with the timec；
Step four: utilizing the temperature measurement data of different positions changing along with time in the step one and corresponding temperature calculation values in the step three, and combining a least square formula:
wherein M is the number of temperature data in a single position measurement time period, i is the serial number of a measurement position, j is the serial number of the temperature data in the single position measurement time period, and X is an unknown parameter vector, namely each conduction and radiation property parameter changing along with the temperature, so as to obtain a target function psi in the least square inverse problem algorithm; t ismijRepresenting the temperature measurement data, T, of the ith position at the jth instant in the time periodcij(X) represents the temperature calculation value of the ith position at the jth moment in the time period.
Step five: and D, judging whether the target function in the step four is smaller than a set threshold epsilon, if so, taking the conduction and radiation property parameters of the sample to be detected, which are supposed to change along with the temperature, in the step two as output results, and if not, returning to the step two to correct the predicted thermal property parameters again.
Example 2
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the method for obtaining the temperature fields at different time points in the calculated domain in the third step is as follows:
the one-dimensional energy conservation equation of the flat-plate sample is as follows:
the initial and boundary conditions are:
T(x,0)＝T0，
T(0,t)＝Thot(t)，
T(L,t)＝Tcold(t)，
where ρ is the density of the sample, C is the specific heat of the sample, t is the time, x is the coordinate in the thickness direction of the sample, and q iscTo conduct heat flow density, qrFor radiant heat flux, T0Is the initial temperature, T, of the samplehotIs the hot face temperature, T, of the samplecoldThe cold face temperature of the sample.
Example 3
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the method for obtaining the radiation intensity fields at different time points in the calculated domain in the fourth step is as follows:
for absorption, emission and anisotropic scattering gray body media, the radiation transfer equation of the radiation property changing along with the temperature is as follows:
wherein x is the coordinate of the thickness direction of the sample, IbIs the blackbody radiation intensity of the sample at the position x, I is the radiation intensity of the sample at the position x, the sample is in the x direction along the thickness direction, mu is the cosine of the included angle between the x axis and the radiation propagation direction, mu' is the cosine of the polar angle in the other scattering direction,
is a scattering phase function;
the upper and lower surfaces of the sample are gray body emission and diffuse reflection radiation boundaries, and the boundary conditions of the sample to be measured are as follows:
example 4
Based on the example 2, the radiant heat flow density q used in the temperature field at different moments in the field is calculatedrThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
example 5
On the basis of example 2, the conduction heat flow density q used in the temperature field at different moments in the field is calculatedcThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
example 6
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the method for measuring the temperature response of the upper surface, the middle positions and the lower surface of the semitransparent porous material sample is to arrange thermocouples on the upper surface, the middle positions and the lower surface of the sample.
Example 7
In example 2, the hot side of the sample was the side having a higher temperature than the upper and lower surfaces of the sample, and the cold side of the sample was the side having a lower temperature than the upper and lower surfaces of the sample.
The method for measuring the high-temperature coupling thermal property of the semitransparent porous material adopts simple and easily-measured set temperature response information to reversely measure the high-temperature conduction and radiation property of the material, overcomes the problems that the traditional test method is difficult to measure the high-temperature conduction and radiation property of the material, has large error and incompleteness of test parameters, has the outstanding advantages that the overall property multi-parameter group test process is simple, convenient, quick, efficient and high in precision, has low requirement on the precision of measurement equipment, has good practical application potential, and can be popularized and applied to various fields of aerospace, military and national defense, energy chemical industry, atmospheric science, building and the like.
Any simple modification, equivalent change or modification made by the technical content disclosed by the above technical content by the technical person in the field is within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The multi-parameter synchronous measurement method for the high-temperature conduction and radiation properties of the semitransparent porous material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: taking a semitransparent porous material with the thickness L as a sample, and setting a known emissivity epsilon on the upper surface of the sample perpendicular to the thickness L direction1On the lower surface of which a known emissivity epsilon is arranged2The low-temperature metal plate is provided with a high-temperature transient heat source which changes along with time on one side, and heat insulation felts with certain thickness are arranged on the periphery and the bottom surface of the high-temperature metal plate, the sample and the low-temperature metal plate component to ensure one-dimensional heat transfer of the sample; starting the high-temperature transient heat source, and heating the upper surface and the middle parts of the semitransparent porous material sample by the high-temperature transient heat sourceMeasuring the temperature response of N positions of the lower surface to obtain the temperature measurement data T of different positions changing along with timem；
Step two: setting the gas/solid coupling thermal conductivity lambda of the sample to be measured at the temperature Ttwo-phase,TExtinction coefficient βTScattering albedo omegaTAnd anisotropy factor g of the phase functionTThe corresponding thermal property parameter values of each parameter under two adjacent temperatures are in linear relation to form lambdatwo-phase(T), β (T), ω (T), g (T) represent the temperature dependence of the conduction and radiation property parameters;
step three: taking the conduction and radiation property parameters which are set in the step two and change along with the temperature as input, solving a radiation transfer equation and a heat conduction differential equation aiming at the absorption, emission and anisotropic scattering media, and obtaining radiation intensity fields and temperature fields at different moments in a calculation domain so as to obtain temperature calculation values T of the samples at different positions and changing along with the timecThe method for obtaining the temperature fields at different moments in the calculated domain comprises the following steps: the one-dimensional energy conservation equation of the flat-plate sample is as follows:
the initial and boundary conditions are:
T(x,0)＝T0，
T(0,t)＝Thot(t)，
T(L,t)＝Tcold(t)，
in the formula, rho is the density of the sample, C is the specific heat of the sample, T is time, x is the coordinate in the thickness direction of the sample, qc is the conduction heat flow density, qr is the radiation heat flow density, T0 is the initial temperature of the sample, Thot is the hot surface temperature of the sample, and Tcold is the cold surface temperature of the sample;
step four: utilizing the temperature measurement data of different positions changing along with time in the step one and corresponding temperature calculation values in the step three, and combining a least square formula:
obtaining a target function Ψ in a least square inverse problem algorithm, wherein M is the number of temperature data in a single position measurement time period, N is the number of measurement positions of a plurality of position responses in the middle of a semitransparent porous material sample, i is the serial number of the measurement positions, j is the serial number of the temperature data in the single position measurement time period, and X is an unknown parameter vector, namely, each conduction and radiation property parameter which changes along with the temperature, so as to obtain the target function Ψ in the least square inverse problem algorithm; t ismijRepresenting the temperature measurement data, T, of the ith position at the jth instant in the time periodcij(X) represents a calculated temperature value of the ith position at the jth time in the time period, wherein the method for obtaining the radiation intensity field at different times in the calculated domain comprises the following steps:
for absorption, emission and anisotropic scattering gray body media, the radiation transfer equation of the radiation property changing along with the temperature is as follows:
wherein x is the coordinate of the thickness direction of the sample, IbIs the blackbody radiation intensity of the sample at the position x, I is the radiation intensity of the sample at the position x, the sample is in the x direction along the thickness direction, mu is the cosine of the included angle between the x axis and the radiation propagation direction, mu' is the cosine of the polar angle in the other scattering direction,
is a scattering phase function, t is time;
the upper and lower surfaces of the sample are gray body emission and diffuse reflection radiation boundaries, and the boundary conditions of the sample to be measured are as follows:
step five: and D, judging whether the target function in the step four is smaller than a set threshold epsilon, if so, taking the conduction and radiation property parameters of the sample to be detected, which are supposed to change along with the temperature, in the step two as output results, and if not, returning to the step two to correct the predicted thermal property parameters again.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: calculating and calculating the radiation heat flow density q used in the temperature field at different moments in the domainrThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
3. the method of claim 1, further comprising: calculating and calculating the conduction heat flow density q used in the temperature field at different moments in the domaincThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
4. the method of claim 1, further comprising: the method for measuring the temperature response of the upper surface, the middle positions and the lower surface of the semitransparent porous material sample is to arrange thermocouples on the upper surface, the middle positions and the lower surface of the sample.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: the hot side of the sample is the side with high temperature on the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample, and the cold side of the sample is the side with low temperature on the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample.
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