CN108325869B - Sawn timber grading device and sawn timber grading method - Google Patents
Sawn timber grading device and sawn timber grading method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108325869B CN108325869B CN201810123039.0A CN201810123039A CN108325869B CN 108325869 B CN108325869 B CN 108325869B CN 201810123039 A CN201810123039 A CN 201810123039A CN 108325869 B CN108325869 B CN 108325869B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sawn timber grading device and a sawn timber grading method. The device comprises an image acquisition device, a central control computer and a control system, wherein the image acquisition device is used for acquiring images of various angles of sawn timber, and the central control computer is used for calculating the volume of sawn timber according to the images and judging whether knots on the sawn timber surface meet preset conditions; the first distributing machine is used for distributing unqualified sawn timber with knots not meeting preset conditions to the first conveying device, and reserving qualified sawn timber; the weighing sensor is used for measuring the weight of the qualified sawn timber; the water content detection device is used for detecting the water content of the qualified sawn timber, the sawn timber stress and the like machine is used for detecting the elastic modulus of the qualified sawn timber, the central control machine is also used for determining the density of the sawn timber according to the volume and the weight, and determining the grade of the sawn timber according to the parameters of the density, the water content, the elastic modulus and the knots; the second distributor is used for distributing the qualified sawn timber of each grade to a second conveying device corresponding to the grade. The sawn timber grade dividing device and method provided by the invention can improve the accuracy of sawn timber grade division.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sawn timber processing for wood structures, in particular to a sawn timber grading device and method.
Background
Development of assembled wood structure building is a great innovation of green low-carbon building construction mode. The main body structure of the assembled wood structure building is formed by assembling prefabricated components such as beams, columns, supports, trusses, wooden bearing walls and the like on a construction site, and one of core unit materials of the prefabricated components used for the assembled wood structure building is sawn timber. The sawn timber is a specification timber processed by the preset dimension for the section width and the height of the sawn timber according to the design requirement of the assembled wood structure building, and the mechanical property of the sawn timber directly influences the safety and the quality of the assembled wood structure building. According to the design requirement of the assembled wood structure building, the structural sawn timber can be divided into a plurality of strength grades according to the bending-resistant elastic modulus value. The sawn timber after grading can be directly applied to components such as light trusses, walls and the like, and also can be processed into large-size glued wood components in assembled wood structure buildings through the combination of the same grade or different grades, and the large-size glued wood components are applied to the buildings with different stress forms such as heavy beams and columns, so that the sawn timber is excellent in material use, suitable for materials and suitable for materials, and the comprehensive utilization rate of sawn timber for structures is improved.
Currently, there are two main methods for classifying sawn timber, including visual classification and mechanical stress classification, the visual classification is based on long-term production practice and a large number of test results, the influence of various defects in sawn timber on strength and appearance is evaluated, and sawn timber is classified by visual observation according to classification rules. Mechanical grading is to use mechanical equipment to perform nondestructive test on sawn timber, and the sawn timber grade is determined according to the measured flexural strength and elastic modulus of sawn timber. Because visual classification is greatly influenced by subjective factors, the classification accuracy is low, mechanical stress classification can only detect stress conditions, and the influence of sawn timber appearance is not considered, along with the increasing consumer demand of consumers, enterprises not only require the mechanical property of sawn timber to reach building standards, but also have higher and higher requirements on the appearance of sawn timber, so that the mechanical stress classification cannot meet all demands of wood structure enterprises in the future.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sawn timber grading device and method, which combine visual classification and mechanical stress classification of sawn timber and improve classification accuracy.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
an image acquisition device, a first distributor, a weighing sensor, a water content detection device, a sawn timber stress distributor, a second distributor and a central control machine are sequentially arranged along the conveying direction of sawn timber; the image acquisition device, the first distributing machine, the weighing sensor, the water content detection device, the sawn timber stress and other machines and the second distributing machine are all electrically connected with the central control unit;
the image acquisition device is used for acquiring images of various angles of the sawn timber, and the central control machine is used for calculating the volume of the sawn timber according to the images and judging whether the knots on the surface of the sawn timber meet preset conditions or not; the first distributing machine is used for distributing unqualified sawn timber with knots not meeting preset conditions to the first conveying device, and reserving qualified sawn timber; the weighing sensor is used for measuring the weight of the qualified sawn timber; the water content detection device is used for detecting the water content of the qualified sawn timber, the sawn timber stress grading machine is used for detecting the elastic modulus of the qualified sawn timber, the central control machine is also used for determining the density of the sawn timber according to the volume and the weight, and determining the grade of the sawn timber according to the parameters of the density, the water content, the elastic modulus and the knots; the second distributor is used for distributing the qualified sawn timber of each grade to a second conveying device corresponding to the grade.
Optionally, the sawn timber and the like device further comprises a lighting device; the illumination device and the image acquisition device are arranged in the same image acquisition room, and the illumination device is used for illuminating the sawn timber.
Optionally, the sawn timber dividing device further comprises a motor; the motor is used for driving the conveying belt to drive the sawn timber to convey.
Optionally, a code spraying device is arranged in the sawn timber stress grading machine and is used for marking sawn timber grades on sawn timber.
Optionally, the sawn timber and the like device further comprises a photoelectric sensor; the photoelectric sensor is arranged between the starting position of the conveyor belt and the image acquisition device and between the image acquisition device and the first distributing machine and is used for judging whether the sawn timber enters the image acquisition range of the image acquisition device.
The invention also discloses a sawn timber grading method which is applied to the sawn timber grading device;
the sawing method comprises the following steps:
acquiring an image acquired by the image acquisition device;
judging whether knots of the sawn timber meet preset conditions according to the images, and when the knots do not meet the preset conditions, determining that the sawn timber is an unqualified sawn timber, and controlling the first distributor to distribute the unqualified sawn timber to a first conveying device; when the knots meet preset conditions, the sawn timber enters a mechanical stress detection stage, and the motor is controlled to operate so as to transmit the qualified sawn timber to the weighing sensor;
acquiring the weight acquired by the weighing sensor, calculating the volume of the sawn timber according to the image, and calculating the density of the sawn timber according to the weight and the volume;
acquiring the water content detected by the water content detection device;
adjusting an elastic modulus calculation model according to the density and the water content;
acquiring an adjusted elastic modulus calculation model, and calculating the elastic modulus of the sawn timber according to data fed back by the sawn timber stress and other machines;
determining the grade of the sawn timber according to the parameters of the elastic modulus, the water content, the density and the knots;
and controlling the second distributor to distribute the sawn timber to a second conveying device corresponding to the grade according to the grade of the sawn timber.
Optionally, after determining the grade of the sawn timber according to the parameters of the elastic modulus, the moisture content, the density and the knots, before controlling the second distributor to dial the sawn timber on the second conveying device corresponding to the grade according to the grade of the sawn timber, the method further comprises:
and controlling a code spraying device to print corresponding marks on the sawn timber according to the grade of the sawn timber.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects: according to the sawn timber grading device and method disclosed by the invention, firstly, whether knots meet preset conditions is analyzed by utilizing an image acquisition device, the volume of sawn timber is analyzed according to the measured weight, so that the density of sawn timber is obtained, then, the elastic modulus calculation model of sawn timber is optimized according to the water content and density obtained by testing, the elastic modulus of sawn timber is calculated by utilizing the data calculation model obtained by optimizing the elastic modulus and measured by a sawn timber stress grading machine by utilizing a central control computer, and the sawn timber is graded by integrating the elastic modulus and the knots, so that the mechanical property of sawn timber and the appearance of sawn timber surface are comprehensively considered in the sawn timber grading process, and the sawn timber grading accuracy is improved. In addition, the invention realizes the continuous action of a plurality of devices, realizes the automation of sawn timber grade division, and improves the sawn timber and other efficiency.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a saw cut apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of sawing material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the saw cut and the like apparatus of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the sawn timber grading device includes: a bench 1, a conveyor belt 2 and a motor 3; the conveying belt 2 is arranged on the rack 1, and the motor 3 is used for driving the conveying belt 2 to convey and driving the sawn timber 4 to convey; an image acquisition device 5, a first distributor 6, a weighing sensor 7, a water content detection device 8, a sawn timber stress and the like machine 9, a second distributor 10 and a central control machine (not shown in the figure) are sequentially arranged on the rack 1 along the conveying direction of sawn timber 4; the image acquisition device 5, the first distributing machine 6, the weighing sensor 7, the water content detection device 8, the sawn timber stress and other machines 9 and the second distributing machine 10 are electrically connected with the central control unit; the image acquisition device 5 is arranged in the image acquisition chamber 11, and the conveyor belt 2 passes through the image acquisition chamber 11; the conveyor belt 2 does not pass through the sawn timber stress and the like machine 9; the water content detection device 8, the first distributor 6 and the second distributor 10 are all arranged above the conveyor belt 2; the load cell 7 is mounted below the conveyor belt 2; the image acquisition devices 5 are arranged in a plurality of different directions of the image acquisition chamber 11; an illumination device 12 is further arranged in the image acquisition chamber 11 and is used for illuminating the sawn timber 4, so that the image acquired by the image acquisition device 5 is clearer.
The water content detection device 8 may be disposed inside the sawn timber stress grading machine 9, or may be disposed outside the sawn timber stress grading machine 9.
The image acquisition device 5 is a camera.
The working process of the sawn timber grade dividing device is as follows: the central control machine controls the motor 3 to drive the sawn timber 4 to enter the image acquisition chamber 11, the image acquisition device 5 in the image acquisition chamber 11 acquires images of all angles of the sawn timber 4 and outputs the images to the central control machine, the central control machine is used for calculating the volume of the sawn timber 4 according to the images and judging whether the knots on the surface of the sawn timber 4 meet preset conditions, and when the knots do not meet the preset conditions, the central control machine controls the first distributing machine 6 to distribute unqualified sawn timber with knots not meeting the preset conditions to the first conveying device, and the image detection qualified sawn timber is reserved; the weighing sensor 7 is used for measuring the weight of the qualified saw material detected by the image and outputting the weight to the central control computer; the water content detection device 8 is used for detecting the water content of the qualified sawn timber, the central control machine calculates the density of the image detection qualified sawn timber according to the volume and the weight, optimizes an elastic modulus calculation model of the image detection qualified sawn timber according to the water content and the density, calculates the elastic modulus of the sawn timber through the sawn timber stress grading machine 9, grades the sawn timber according to the size of the elastic modulus and the size of the knots, controls a code spraying device on the sawn timber stress grading machine 9 to mark the sawn timber, and controls the second distributing machine 10 to distribute the sawn timber of each grade to a second conveying device corresponding to the grade.
A first conveyor (not shown) is provided on one side of the first dispenser 6; the first dispenser 6 dispenses the defective sawn timber onto the first conveying device, and the first conveying device conveys the defective sawn timber to a designated area. A plurality of second conveying devices are arranged on two sides of the second distributor 10, each second conveying device corresponds to one grade, the second distributor 10 distributes sawn timber of each grade to the second conveying devices corresponding to the grade, and each second conveying device conveys sawn timber of the corresponding grade to a designated area.
The judging process of the knots comprises the following steps: judging whether the positions, the sizes and the number of the knots accord with preset values or not, and determining that the sawn timber is a disqualified sawn timber when any one of the positions, the sizes and the number of the knots does not accord with the preset values.
The sawn timber grading device also comprises a photoelectric sensor (not shown in the figure); the photoelectric sensor is arranged between the starting position of the conveyor belt 2 and the image acquisition device 5 and between the image acquisition device 5 and the first distributor 6, and is used for judging whether the sawn timber 4 enters the image acquisition range of the image acquisition device 5; when the photoelectric sensor detects that the sawn timber 4 enters the image acquisition range, a photoelectric signal is transmitted to a central control computer, and the central control computer controls the image acquisition device 5 to start to acquire images; when the photoelectric sensor detects that the sawn timber 4 leaves the image acquisition range, a photoelectric signal is transmitted to the central control computer, and the central control computer controls the image acquisition device 5 to stop acquiring images.
According to the sawn timber grading device disclosed by the invention, firstly, whether knots meet preset conditions is analyzed by utilizing the image acquisition device 5, the volume of sawn timber is analyzed by utilizing the image, so that the density of sawn timber is obtained, then, the elastic modulus calculation model of sawn timber is optimized according to the water content and the density obtained by testing, the elastic modulus of sawn timber is calculated by utilizing the elastic modulus calculation model obtained by optimization through data measured by the sawn timber stress grading machine 9 by utilizing the central control machine, and the sawn timber is graded by integrating the size of the elastic modulus of sawn timber and the size of knots, so that the mechanical property of sawn timber and the appearance of sawn timber surface are comprehensively considered in the sawn timber grading process, and the sawn timber grading accuracy is improved. In addition, the invention realizes the continuous action of a plurality of devices, realizes the automation of sawn timber grading and improves the sawn timber grading efficiency. And the sawn timber is allocated by utilizing two allocating machines, so that sawn timber of different grades can be automatically conveyed to corresponding areas while the sawn timber grade is divided, and the automation of grade division is completely realized.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of sawing material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The sawing method is applied to the sawing device;
referring to fig. 2, the sawn timber grading method includes:
step 201: an image acquired by the image acquisition device 5 is acquired.
Step 202: judging whether the knots of the sawn timber 4 meet preset conditions according to the images, and directly judging that the sawn timber 4 is a disqualified sawn timber when the knots do not meet the preset conditions, and controlling the first distributing machine 6 to distribute the disqualified sawn timber to a first conveying device; when the knots meet preset conditions, the sawn timber enters a mechanical stress detection stage, and the motor 3 is controlled to operate so as to transmit the sawn timber qualified in image detection to the weighing sensor 7.
Judging whether the knots of the sawn timber 4 meet preset conditions according to the image, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
judging whether the positions, the sizes and the number of the knots accord with preset values, and determining that the sawn timber 4 is a disqualified sawn timber when any one of the positions, the sizes and the number of the knots does not accord with the preset values.
Step 203: the weight acquired by the weighing sensor 7 is acquired, the volume of the sawn timber 4 is calculated according to the image, and the density of the sawn timber is calculated according to the weight and the volume.
Step 204: the water content detected by the water content detecting means 8 is obtained.
Step 205: and adjusting an elastic modulus calculation model according to the density and the water content.
Step 206: and acquiring an adjusted elastic modulus calculation model, and calculating the elastic modulus of the sawn timber according to data fed back by the sawn timber stress and other machines.
Step 207: and determining the grade of the sawn timber according to the parameters of the elastic modulus, the water content, the density and the knots.
Step 208: and controlling a code spraying device to print corresponding marks on the sawn timber according to the grade of the sawn timber.
Step 209: the second dispenser 10 is controlled to dispense the sawn timber on a second conveying device corresponding to the grade according to the grade of the sawn timber.
According to the sawn timber grading method disclosed by the invention, firstly, whether knots meet preset conditions is analyzed by utilizing an image acquisition device, the weight measured by the weighing sensor 7 is utilized, the volume of sawn timber is analyzed by combining with the image, so that the density of sawn timber is obtained, then, an elastic modulus calculation model of sawn timber is optimized according to the water content and the density obtained by testing, the elastic modulus calculation model obtained by optimization is utilized by a central control computer to calculate the elastic modulus of sawn timber through data fed back by a sawn timber stress grading machine, the sawn timber is graded by integrating the size of the elastic modulus of sawn timber and the size of knots, and the mechanical property of sawn timber and the appearance of sawn timber surface are comprehensively considered in the sawn timber grading process, so that the sawn timber grading accuracy is improved. In addition, the invention realizes the continuous action of a plurality of devices, realizes the automation of sawing materials and the like, and improves the efficiency of sawing materials and the like. And the sawn timber is allocated by utilizing two allocation machines, so that sawn timber of different grades can be automatically conveyed to corresponding areas while sawn timber is allocated, and the automation of grading is completely realized.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The sawn timber dividing device is characterized by comprising a bench and a conveyor belt, wherein the conveyor belt is arranged on the bench, and an image acquisition device, a first distributor, a weighing sensor, a water content detection device, a sawn timber stress and the like, a second distributor and a central control machine are sequentially arranged on the bench along the conveying direction of sawn timber; the image acquisition device, the first distributing machine, the weighing sensor, the water content detection device, the sawn timber stress and other machines and the second distributing machine are all electrically connected with the central control unit; also comprises a lighting device; the illumination device and the image acquisition device are arranged in the same image acquisition room, and the illumination device is used for illuminating the sawn timber;
the image acquisition device is used for acquiring images of various angles of the sawn timber, and the central control machine is used for calculating the volume of the sawn timber according to the images and judging whether the knots on the surface of the sawn timber meet preset conditions or not; the first distributing machine is used for distributing unqualified sawn timber with knots not meeting preset conditions to the first conveying device, and reserving qualified sawn timber; the weighing sensor is used for measuring the weight of the qualified sawn timber; the device comprises a sawing machine, a water content detection device, a sawing stress grading machine, a code spraying device, a central control machine and a controller, wherein the water content detection device is used for detecting the water content of the qualified sawn timber, the sawing stress grading machine is used for detecting the elastic modulus of the qualified sawn timber, the code spraying device is arranged in the sawing stress grading machine and used for marking the sawn timber grade on the sawn timber, the central control machine is also used for determining the density of the sawn timber according to the volume and the weight, and determining the grade of the sawn timber according to the density, the water content, the elastic modulus and the parameters of knots; the second distributor is used for distributing the qualified sawn timber of each grade to a second conveying device corresponding to the grade.
2. A sawn timber dividing and equalizing device according to claim 1, further comprising a motor; the motor is used for driving the conveyor belt to drive the sawn timber to be conveyed.
3. A sawn timber dividing and equalizing device in accordance with claim 1, further comprising a photoelectric sensor; the photoelectric sensor is arranged between the starting position of the conveyor belt and the image acquisition device and between the image acquisition device and the first distributing machine and is used for judging whether the sawn timber enters the image acquisition range of the image acquisition device.
4. A method for dividing sawn timber, which is characterized by being applied to a sawn timber dividing device as claimed in claim 1;
the sawing method comprises the following steps:
acquiring an image acquired by the image acquisition device;
judging whether knots of the sawn timber meet preset conditions according to the images, and when the knots do not meet the preset conditions, determining that the sawn timber is an unqualified sawn timber, and controlling the first distributor to distribute the unqualified sawn timber to a first conveying device; when the knots meet preset conditions, the sawn timber enters a mechanical stress detection stage, and the motor is controlled to operate so as to transmit the qualified sawn timber to the weighing sensor;
acquiring the weight acquired by the weighing sensor, calculating the volume of the sawn timber according to the image, and calculating the density of the sawn timber according to the weight and the volume;
acquiring the water content detected by the water content detection device;
adjusting an elastic modulus calculation model according to the density and the water content;
acquiring an adjusted elastic modulus calculation model, and calculating the elastic modulus of the sawn timber according to data fed back by the sawn timber stress and other machines;
determining the grade of the sawn timber according to the parameters of the elastic modulus, the water content, the density and the knots;
and controlling the second distributor to distribute the sawn timber to a second conveying device corresponding to the grade according to the grade of the sawn timber.
5. A sawn timber sorting method in accordance with claim 4, wherein after determining the grade of sawn timber in accordance with the parameters of the modulus of elasticity, the moisture content, the density and the knots, prior to controlling the second dispenser to dispense sawn timber onto a second conveyor corresponding to the grade in accordance with the grade of sawn timber, further comprising:
and controlling a code spraying device to print corresponding marks on the sawn timber according to the grade of the sawn timber.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810123039.0A CN108325869B (en) | 2018-02-07 | 2018-02-07 | Sawn timber grading device and sawn timber grading method |
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| CN201810123039.0A CN108325869B (en) | 2018-02-07 | 2018-02-07 | Sawn timber grading device and sawn timber grading method |
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| CN111014082A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-04-17 | 山东沂川电子有限公司 | Method and apparatus for screening wood chips |
| CN111272609A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-06-12 | 西南林业大学 | Method for grading structural specification sawn timber |
| CN111957599A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-11-20 | 科锐奇新能源材料科技(江苏)有限公司 | Full-automatic density spouts a yard sorter |
| CN116973209B (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-12-08 | 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所 | Continuous on-line detection device and method for strength grade of sawn timber for structure |
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