CN1083232C - 随着日光光强的增大而使人造光光强最佳化的系统 - Google Patents

随着日光光强的增大而使人造光光强最佳化的系统 Download PDF

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CN1083232C
CN1083232C CN95191173A CN95191173A CN1083232C CN 1083232 C CN1083232 C CN 1083232C CN 95191173 A CN95191173 A CN 95191173A CN 95191173 A CN95191173 A CN 95191173A CN 1083232 C CN1083232 C CN 1083232C
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daylight
light
light intensity
artificial
power
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CN1138407A (zh
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S·H·A·贝格曼
G·J·范登贝尔德
A·D·廷纳
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B39/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for operating incandescent light sources
    • H05B39/04—Controlling
    • H05B39/041—Controlling the light-intensity of the source
    • H05B39/042—Controlling the light-intensity of the source by measuring the incident light
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/36—Controlling
    • H05B41/38—Controlling the intensity of light
    • H05B41/39—Controlling the intensity of light continuously
    • H05B41/392—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor
    • H05B41/3921—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor with possibility of light intensity variations
    • H05B41/3922—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor with possibility of light intensity variations and measurement of the incident light
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E06B9/26—Lamellar or like blinds, e.g. venetian blinds
    • E06B9/28—Lamellar or like blinds, e.g. venetian blinds with horizontal lamellae, e.g. non-liftable
    • E06B9/30—Lamellar or like blinds, e.g. venetian blinds with horizontal lamellae, e.g. non-liftable liftable
    • E06B9/32—Operating, guiding, or securing devices therefor

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  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

一种人造发光系统(100)，包括感测日光强弱的日光感测器(102)、提供一定人造光的人造光源器件(104)、控制日光强弱的日光控制装置(108)和根据感测的日光强弱来控制人造光强弱的控制器(106)。控制器(106)当感测到的日光光强低于一阈值时使人造光的光强随着日光光强的增大而降低，而当感测到的日光光强高于该阈值时通过控制日光控制装置(108)来减小日光量。

Description

随着日光光强的增大而使人造光光强最佳化的系统
本发明涉及一种人造发光系统，该系统包括一个日光感测器，用于感测日光强弱；人造光源器件，用以提供一定强弱的人造光；以及一个控制器，以根据感测到的日光强弱来控制人造光的强弱。本发明还涉及一种根据感测到的日光强弱来控制人造光强弱的方法。
上述这种人造发光系统已经得到广泛使用，特别是在建筑物照明方面。为了在所控制的环境中提供适当的光强，当感测器感测到日光光强已降到一个预定的阈值以下时，控制器就使光源开启；反之，当日光光强超过预定的阈值时，则关闭或减弱人造光的强度。
除了涉及环境要有适当光强的明显的人类工程学方面之外，光强还影响到人类的生理方面。众所周知，人体生理系统是由通常称为生物钟的机构加以调整的。多种生理功能呈现出24小时的周期性。这种重复性的行为称之为“日律(circadian rhythm)”。人们还了解，光线能明显地影响这种日律。个人的心情和行为也与周围光线强弱有关。应按照个人的喜好使光线强弱达到最佳，使人们的感觉、心态和行为处于良好状态。这方面作为例子可参看美国专利US-5,163,426。
De Boer en Fischer的文章“内部光(Interior lighting)”(第二版，PhilipsTechnical Library，Kluwer Technische Boeken，Deventer-Antwerpen，1981年，60-63页)建议；在人造光与日光光强之间须给予的可接受亮度平衡的永久性人造光的光强与外界日光的光强成正比。如果这一亮度平衡被忽略，则对着亮背景所看的物体会出现背影，这是不希望有的。
欧洲专利申请EP-A 0 410 484提出了一种人造发光系统，其中，在一定的日光强弱范围内，人造光的强弱基本上与进入房间的日光强弱成比例。以这种方式改变人造光是出于上述同样的理由，即为了避免出现背影。
以上所述是为了强调调整来自日光源和人造光源的组合光的总光强的重要性，特别是控制家庭环境、办公室、工厂、公共建筑及场地、医院、航海线、飞机的发光系统的重要性。
本发明的目的就是要提供以上所述的发光系统，其中考虑到了人们的需要及其使用时的经济性。
为达到此目的，本发明具有以下的特征。本系统包括一个日光控制装置，例如遮光或窗口板，该板的透明度是可控制变化的，用以控制日光量。另外，当日光光强低于一个预定的阈值时，随着由日光感测器感测到的日光光强增大，控制器使人造光的光强降低；而当日光光强高于该预定阈值时，则通过日光控制装置的控制来减少日光量。
本发明基于多次实验，其中在办公室环境下曾请过多位试验者，设置人造光对现有日光进行补偿，使试验者对所作的实验感到最满意为止。由试验者按实际调整其发光的判断来考虑有关视觉性能(读/写)与整个视觉舒适性及环境(相关空间)的试验的平衡。尽管大部分时候日光台上的照度都高于许多办公室照明标准指定的500勒克斯(1ux)，但发现试验者还要加上人造光，即使水平工作台(例如一张桌子)上的日光光强已处在2000勒克斯范围。用窗前放置的遮光板可降低室内供“观看”的日光光强的20-50％。阴天时，所加的人造光强弱随着日光光强的增加而大致恒定地维持在1000勒克斯左右。晴天时，随着日光光强增加到2000勒克斯，所加的人造光光强从1200勒克斯减少到500勒克斯。但是，当日光光强增加到2000勒克斯的阈值以上时，所加的人造光在无遮光板场合增加，而在有遮光板场合减小。在多云的日子，出现类似晴天时的情况，平均有较强的人造光。
换句话说，实验表明，当用遮光板来减小窗户的亮度即日光强弱时，其所加的人造光要比不用遮光板时小。这种见解被用来使人造发光系统的能量消耗达到最优化，同时也使人们在受控制的空间感觉良好。
以下结合附图以举例方式来说明本发明。其中图1是本发明系统的方框图。
图1示出本发明中系统100的方框图。操作使用时，系统100放置在人们所在的空间(图上未示出)。系统100包括一个日光感测器102，用以感测从窗户(未示出)射入的日光的强弱。系统100还包括一个或多个人造光源104，用以提供一定大小的人造光到空间中的有关水平和垂直表面上；以及一个控制器106，用以根据感测器102感测到的日光强弱来控制人造光的强弱。系统100还包括一个日光控制装置108，例如遮光或窗口板，以便控制透光率的变化，从而控制进入受控空间的日光强弱。
当感测到的日光光强低于一个预定的阈值时，随着由日光感测器102感测到的日光光强的增大，控制器106可使人造光的光强降低；而更可取的是当感测到的日光光强大于水平工作台上的大致为2000勒克斯的一阈值时，随着由日光感测器102感测到的日光光强的增大，控制器106可使人造光源104提供的人造光的光强增大。一个替换的或辅助的方案是，当日光光强大于预定的阈值时，可用控制器106通过控制日光控制装置108来减少进入室内的日光量。
以上述方式来综合控制人造光和日光，其中考虑到了人类工程学方面以及能源的消耗。最可取的是通过一个“循规则的(rule-based)系统”来达到这种控制。控制器106最好是可编程的，使用户能按其喜好来改变人造光与日光的变化，例如变化率、阈值、或使之随季节而变。一种循规则的系统例如“模糊控制器”非常适合用作本发明系统中的控制器，因为大多数人在光的感受方面更倾向于光的“质”而不是“量”。于是，由于用户的喜好，在本发明的系统中广泛采用模糊控制器是有好处的。此外，也可以考虑采用各种随天气变化(例如明天、多云、晴天)型的控制，以适应对这时日光特性的控制过程。这也最好用一模糊控制器来进行。

Claims (3)

1.一种人造发光系统，包括：
一个日光感测器，用于感测日光强弱；
人造光源器件，用于提供人造光；
一个控制器，用于根据感测到的日光强弱来控制人造光的强弱；
其特征在于，
该系统还包括日光控制装置，用于控制日光量；和
所述控制器当日光光强低于一预定阈值时使人造光光强随着由所述日光感测器感测到的日光光强增大而降低，而当日光光强高于所述预定阈值时通过控制所述日光控制装置来减小日光量。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述控制器是可编程的控制器。
3.一种控制来自人造光源和来自日光的总发光强弱的方法，包括：
感测日光的强弱；
根据感测到的日光强弱来控制人造光的强弱；
其特征在于该方法还包括：
当感测到的日光光强低于一预定的阈值时使人造光强随着日光光强的增大而降低；
当感测到的日光光强高于所述预定的阈值时通过控制日光控制装置来减小日光量。
CN95191173A 1994-11-11 1995-11-02 随着日光光强的增大而使人造光光强最佳化的系统 Expired - Fee Related CN1083232C (zh)

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US5648656A (en) 1997-07-15
JPH09507962A (ja) 1997-08-12
WO1996015650A1 (en) 1996-05-23
CN1138407A (zh) 1996-12-18
EP0739578B1 (en) 2000-05-24
EP0739578A1 (en) 1996-10-30

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