CN108322098A - Soft starter with control machines abnormal protection - Google Patents

Soft starter with control machines abnormal protection Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108322098A
CN108322098A CN201810052813.3A CN201810052813A CN108322098A CN 108322098 A CN108322098 A CN 108322098A CN 201810052813 A CN201810052813 A CN 201810052813A CN 108322098 A CN108322098 A CN 108322098A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
optocoupler
pin
phase
circuit
controllable silicon
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Pending
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CN201810052813.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈伟孟
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Zhejiang Chint Electrics Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Zhejiang Chint Electrics Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Zhejiang Chint Electrics Co Ltd filed Critical Zhejiang Chint Electrics Co Ltd
Priority to CN201810052813.3A priority Critical patent/CN108322098A/en
Publication of CN108322098A publication Critical patent/CN108322098A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/26—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual polyphase induction motor
    • H02P1/265—Means for starting or running a triphase motor on a single phase supply
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/26—Testing of individual semiconductor devices
    • G01R31/2607—Circuits therefor
    • G01R31/263—Circuits therefor for testing thyristors

Abstract

A kind of soft starter with control machines abnormal protection, including microprocessor, controllable silicon drive circuit and fault detection circuit, the input terminal of the controllable silicon drive circuit is connected the trigger signal sent out for receiving microprocessor with microprocessor, the output end of controllable silicon drive circuit is connected with threephase asynchronous 3M for driving threephase asynchronous 3M to start, whether the input terminal and output end of the fault detection circuit are connected with controllable silicon drive circuit and microprocessor respectively is connected for detecting the silicon controlled component of controllable silicon drive circuit and feeds back to microprocessor.The present invention in soft starter by being arranged the fault detection circuit with feedback function; so as to form the closed-loop control system with control machines abnormity protection function; whether this allows the microprocessor to be connected according to the silicon controlled component of the feedback information detection controllable silicon drive circuit of fault detection circuit, protects the safety of circuit.

Description

Soft starter with control machines abnormal protection
Technical field
The present invention relates to electron electric power, automation and Motor Control Fields, especially a kind of to have control machines abnormal The soft starter of protection.
Background technology
When threephase asynchronous machine across-the-line starting, electric current would generally reach 5 to 8 times or even bigger, generate great impact electricity Stream generates prodigious fluctuation to the power grid in same a system, and harmful effect is generated to entire transmission system, equipment.By soft start Device is serially connected between threephase asynchronous machine and three phase network and by the way that the silicon-controlled of soft starter is triggered and driven, can be with Starting current is configured and is limited to realize motor smooth start.
In existing soft starter, for silicon-controlled trigger circuit there are two types of mode, one of which is to use pulse transforming Device trigger circuit, another is to borrow anode trigger circuit using optocoupler.However in optocoupler borrows anode trigger circuit, generally adopt With opened loop control, and do not have control machines abnormal protection, i.e., when silicon-controlled after trigger signal is sent out, soft starter fails To it is silicon-controlled whether it is timely conducting be detected and feed back, when it is silicon-controlled cannot be connected after trigger signal is sent out or cannot and When being connected i.e. control machines exception when, optocoupler borrows the output end current of anode trigger circuit that will be more than optic coupling element for a long time Specified on-state output current, it will cause optic coupling element fail or charging resistor burn.
In addition, in existing soft starter, it is divided into external bypass type, built in bypass formula and online according to bypass mode Formula, wherein built in bypass formula soft starter are to realize bypass by built-in by-pass switch closure after starting, built-in By-pass switch in product ontology, the switch without arc-control device is usually used in by-pass switch.However existing built-in In bypass type soft starter, using the built in bypass switch without arc-control device, when meeting bypass service condition, only to side Way switch applies closure signal, but has not been able to whether normally closed is detected to by-pass switch, once bypass is in operation shape After state, if when by-pass switch is closed unreliable or not closed, load current will be flowed through from silicon-controlled, cause silicon-controlled overheat Protection or failure.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of existing technologies, provide a kind of closed-loop control, detection in time, it is safe and reliable The soft starter with control machines abnormal protection.
To achieve the above object, present invention employs following technical solutions：
A kind of soft starter with control machines abnormal protection, including microprocessor 1,2 and of controllable silicon drive circuit Fault detection circuit 3, the input terminal of the controllable silicon drive circuit 2 is connected with microprocessor 1 to be sent out for receiving microprocessor 1 The trigger signal gone out, the output end of controllable silicon drive circuit 2 are connected phase asynchronous for driving with threephase asynchronous 3M Motor 3M is started, the input terminal and output end of the fault detection circuit 3 respectively with controllable silicon drive circuit 2 and microprocessor Whether 1 is connected is connected for detecting the silicon controlled component of controllable silicon drive circuit 2 and feeds back to microprocessor 1.
Preferably, the fault detection circuit 3 includes U phase detecting circuits, V phase detecting circuits and W phase detecting circuits, institute The input terminal for stating U phase detecting circuits is connected with end with the output end of the U phase controllable silicon drive circuits of controllable silicon drive circuit 2, U The output end of phase detecting circuit is connected with microprocessor 1, input terminal and the controllable silicon drive circuit 2 of the V phase detecting circuits The output ends of V phase controllable silicon drive circuits be connected, the output end of V phase detecting circuits is connected with microprocessor 1, the W The input terminal of phase detecting circuit is connected with the output end of the W phase controllable silicon drive circuits of controllable silicon drive circuit 2, and W phases detect The output end of circuit is connected with microprocessor 1.
Preferably, the controllable silicon drive circuit 2 includes that optocoupler borrows anode trigger circuit and electric machine soft starting circuit, institute The input terminal that optocoupler is stated by means of anode trigger circuit is connected with microprocessor 1, optocoupler borrow the output end of anode trigger circuit with The input terminal of electric machine soft starting circuit is connected the silicon controlled component for triggering electric machine soft starting circuit, the electric machine soft starting The output end of circuit is connected with the input terminal of fault detection circuit 3 and threephase asynchronous 3M respectively.
Preferably, the controllable silicon drive circuit 2 include optocoupler assembly and silicon controlled component, the optocoupler assembly it is defeated Enter end with microprocessor 1 to be connected, the output end of optocoupler assembly is connected with the input terminal of silicon controlled component, the Group of Silicon Controlled Rectifier The output end of part is connected every with threephase asynchronous 3M for detecting silicon controlled component with the light of fault detection circuit 3 respectively Whether be connected and soft start, the light every output end be connected for detection information to be fed back to microprocessor with microprocessor 1 Device 1.
Preferably, the optocoupler includes U phase optocouplers trigger circuit, V phase optocoupler trigger circuits and W by means of anode trigger circuit Phase optocoupler trigger circuit includes the optocoupler assembly that optocoupler is formed per phase optocoupler trigger circuit, per the defeated of phase optocoupler trigger circuit Enter end to be respectively connected with microprocessor 1, the output end per phase optocoupler trigger circuit is connected with electric machine soft starting circuit, described Electric machine soft starting circuit include U phases controllable silicon drive circuit, V phases controllable silicon drive circuit and W phase controllable silicon drive circuits, often Phase controllable silicon drive circuit includes by the silicon controlled component of silicon-controlled formation, per the input terminal and light of phase controllable silicon drive circuit Coupling is connected by means of anode trigger circuit, and the output end per phase controllable silicon drive circuit is different with fault detection circuit 3 and three respectively Three windings of step motor 3M are connected.
Preferably, the U phase detecting circuits include electric bridge DB400, light every U403 and U commutating phase circuits, the electric bridge The input terminal of DB400 is controllable with cathode K1 and U the phase controllable silicon drive circuit of the controllable silicon SCR 1 of U phase controllable silicon drive circuits The cathode K2 of silicon SCR2 is connected, and the input terminal of the output end of electric bridge DB400 with light every U403 is connected, and the light is every U403's Output end is connected with U commutating phase circuit input ends, and the output end of the U commutating phases circuit passes through Uip interfaces and microprocessor 1 It is connected, the structure of the V phase detecting circuits and W phase detecting circuits is identical as the structure of U phase detecting circuits.
Preferably, the first pin of the cathode K1 and electric bridge DB400 of the controllable silicon SCR 1 are connected, and silicon-controlled It is in series with resistance R421, resistance R422 and resistance R423 between the cathode K1 and electric bridge DB400 of SCR1, the controllable silicon SCR 2 Cathode K2 is connected with the second pin of electric bridge DB400, in the second pin of the first pin and electric bridge DB400 of electric bridge DB400 Between be parallel with capacitance C410, the third pin of electric bridge DB400 and the 4th pin of electric bridge DB400 are respectively with light every the of U403 Third pin of two pins with light every U403 is connected, electric bridge DB400 the first pin and electric bridge DB400 third pin it Between be in series with capacitance C409, be in series with capacitance between the first pin of electric bridge DB400 and the 4th pin of electric bridge DB400 C411, the U commutating phase circuits include resistance R424, resistance R425, resistance R426, resistance R427, capacitance C413 and capacitance C414, light are grounded every the 5th pin of U403, and light is connected every the 6th pin of U403 with one end of resistance R426, the resistance The other end of R426 is connected by Uip interfaces with microprocessor 1, and light is connected with resistance R427 every the 7th pin of U403 and is followed by Ground, light are connected with after resistance R424 series connection with the ends power supply VCC every the 8th pin of U403, one end and the electricity of the resistance R425 Source VCC is connected, and sixth pin of the other end with light every U403 is connected, and the capacitance C413 is connected in parallel on light every the of U403 Eight pins and light between the 5th pin of U403 and are grounded, and the capacitance C414's is connected by Uip interfaces with microprocessor 1 It connects the other end to be grounded, the structure of the V phase detecting circuits and W phase detecting circuits is identical as the structure of U phase detecting circuits.
Preferably, the U phase optocoupler trigger circuits include optocoupler U7, it is optocoupler U8, optocoupler U9, varistor RV7, pressure-sensitive Resistance RV8 and varistor RV9, the first pin of the optocoupler U7 are connected with power supply, the second pin and optocoupler of optocoupler U7 It is connected with the first pin of optocoupler U8 after the third pins in parallel of U7, the 6th pin of the 4th pin and optocoupler U8 of optocoupler U7 It is connected, the 6th pin of optocoupler U7 is connected with one end of resistance R15, and the first pin of the optocoupler U8 is connected with optocoupler U7 Connect, the second pin of optocoupler U8 with and the third pins in parallel of optocoupler U8 after be connected with the first pin of optocoupler U9, optocoupler U8 The 4th pin be connected with the 6th pin of optocoupler U9, the 6th pin of optocoupler U8 is connected with optocoupler U7, the optocoupler U9 The first pin be connected with optocoupler U8, pass through resistance R20 after the second pin of optocoupler U9 and the third pins in parallel of optocoupler U9 It is connected with microprocessor 1, the 4th pin of optocoupler U9 is connected with one end of resistance R21, the 6th pin and light of optocoupler U9 Coupling U8 is connected, and the both ends of the varistor RV7 are connected with the 6th pin of the 4th pin of optocoupler U7 and optocoupler U7 respectively It connects, the both ends of the varistor RV8 are connected with the 6th pin of the 4th pin of optocoupler U8 and optocoupler U8 respectively, the pressure The both ends of quick resistance RV9 are connected with the 6th pin of the 4th pin of optocoupler U9 and optocoupler U9 respectively, the first of optocoupler U7 Capacitance C8, the other end of the resistance R15 and one end phase of resistance R17 are also in series between pin and the third pin of optocoupler U9 Connection, the other end of the resistance R17 are connected with one end of electric machine soft starting circuit and resistance R16 respectively, the resistance R16 The other end be connected with electric machine soft starting circuit, and be parallel with capacitance C7 and reversed two pole successively at the both ends of resistance R16 Pipe D5, the other end of the resistance R21 are connected with one end of resistance R18, and the other end of the resistance R18 is soft with motor respectively Starting circuit is connected with one end of resistance R19, and the other end of the resistance R19 is connected with electric machine soft starting circuit, and It is parallel with capacitance C9 and backward dioded D6 successively at the both ends of resistance R19, the V phases optocoupler trigger circuit and W phase optocouplers touch The structure of Power Generation Road is identical as the structure of U phase optocoupler trigger circuits.
Preferably, the U phase controllable silicon drive circuits include controllable silicon SCR 1, controllable silicon SCR 2 and by-pass switch S1, The controllable silicon SCR 1 and the setting of 2 reverse parallel connection of controllable silicon SCR are simultaneously controlled by the trigger signal Mu of microprocessor 1 to be formed U phase silicon controlled components, the by-pass switch S1 are connected in parallel between the cathode K1 of controllable silicon SCR 1 and anode, controllable silicon SCR 1 Cathode K1 is connected as nexus and with the U phase input terminals of threephase asynchronous 3M, controllable silicon SCR 1 and controllable silicon SCR 2 The gate pole G1 of one end and controllable silicon SCR 1 after parallel connection borrows the capacitance C7 and resistance R16 groups of anode trigger circuit with optocoupler respectively At RC charge-discharge circuit be connected, the cathode K2 of the controllable silicon SCR 2 is nexus and is connected with U phase power grids, silicon-controlled The gate pole G2 of the other end and controllable silicon SCR 2 after 2 parallel connection of SCR1 and controllable silicon SCR borrows anode trigger circuit with optocoupler respectively Capacitance C9 is connected with the resistance R19 RC charge-discharge circuits formed, the V phases controllable silicon drive circuit and the silicon-controlled driving of W phases The structure of circuit is identical as the structure of U phase controllable silicon drive circuits.
Preferably, after microprocessor 1 sends out U phase trigger signals, if microprocessor 1 detects within the preset time U phase detecting circuit output ends are turned to high level from low level, and it is normally to be considered as corresponding the silicon-controlled of U phases, if micro- Processor 1 detects that U phase detecting circuit output end level does not change always within the preset time, is considered as corresponding U phases Controllable silicon SCR 1 or controllable silicon SCR 2 do not turn on or in time conducting, the principle of the V phase detecting circuits and W phase detecting circuits It is identical as the principle of U phase detecting circuits.
The soft starter with control machines abnormal protection of the present invention passes through the silicon-controlled driving electricity in soft starter Fault detection circuit of the setting with feedback function between road and microprocessor, is protected extremely so as to form with control machines The closed-loop control system of protective function, the closed-loop control system have stronger anti-interference ability, can effectively be controlled, be made micro- Whether processor can be connected according to the silicon controlled component of the feedback information detection controllable silicon drive circuit of fault detection circuit, such as Silicon controlled component fails to be connected in time or fails to be connected, then microprocessor stops sending out trigger signal immediately, to protect circuit Safety.In addition, the present invention is by using the closed loop control being made of microprocessor, controllable silicon drive circuit and fault detection circuit System processed so that for motor during soft, when silicon controlled component is after trigger signal is sent out, microprocessor can be in 0 microsecond Whether the silicon controlled component that corresponding phase is detected in the time of 1000 microseconds is connected, and avoids caused by detection time is long Optocoupler assembly or the failure of other circuit elements also avoid the abnormal guarantor of silicon controlled component triggering caused by detection time is too short Shield.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the functional structure block diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the work flow diagram of the control machines detection of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the U phase optocoupler trigger circuits of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the V phase optocoupler trigger circuits of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the W phase optocoupler trigger circuits of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the electric machine soft starting circuit of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the U phase detecting circuits of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of the V phase detecting circuits of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of the W phase detecting circuits of the present invention；
Figure 10 is that the soft starter of the present invention is switched to the by-pass switch fault detect bypassed in the postrun preceding 10s times Principle schematic；
Figure 11 is that the soft starter of the present invention is switched to the later by-pass switch fault detect principles of the postrun 10s of bypass Schematic diagram.
Specific implementation mode
The embodiment of the present invention is provided below in conjunction with attached drawing 1 to 11, what is further illustrated the present invention has control machines The soft starter specific implementation mode of abnormal protection.The soft starter with control machines abnormal protection of the present invention is not limited to The following description.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention the soft starter with control machines abnormal protection include microprocessor 1, controllably The input terminal of silicon driving circuit 2 and fault detection circuit 3, the controllable silicon drive circuit 2 is connected with microprocessor 1 for connecing The trigger signal that microprocessor 1 is sent out is received, the output end of controllable silicon drive circuit 2 is connected with threephase asynchronous 3M to be used for Threephase asynchronous 3M is driven to start, the input terminal and output end of the fault detection circuit 3 are electric with silicon-controlled driving respectively Whether road 2 is connected with microprocessor 1 is connected for detecting the silicon controlled component of controllable silicon drive circuit 2 and feeds back to microprocessor Device 1, the microprocessor 1 control sending out or terminating for trigger signal according to feedack.The present invention passes through soft Fault detection circuit 3 of the setting with feedback function between the controllable silicon drive circuit 2 and microprocessor 1 of starter, to shape At the closed-loop control system with control machines abnormity protection function so that the control main body energy root of the closed-loop control system The deviation for finding and correcting controlled object operation according to feedback information, has stronger anti-interference ability, can effectively be controlled, To ensure the realization of predeterminated target, i.e. microprocessor 1 can be according to the silicon-controlled drive of feedback information detection of fault detection circuit 3 Whether the silicon controlled component of dynamic circuit 2 is connected, such as silicon-controlled timely conducting, indicates that silicon controlled component triggering is normal, soft Dynamic device continues to run with；If silicon controlled component fails to be connected in time or fails to be connected, indicate that control machines are abnormal, then microprocessor 1 stops hair trigger signal immediately, to protect the safety of circuit.
In addition, the input terminal and output end of the fault detection circuit 3 respectively with controllable silicon drive circuit 2 and microprocessor 1 is connected can also be used to detection soft starter by-pass switch whether there is failure, i.e., bypass run after, microprocessor exists The failing edge of detection signal or the number of rising edge that fault detection circuit 3 is received in preset bypass detection cycle are more than pre- If fault threshold when, then judge by-pass switch failure.The present invention passes through microprocessor 1 in soft starter and silicon-controlled driving Fault detection circuit 3 of the setting with feedback function between circuit 2, so as to form with by-pass switch failure protection function Closed-loop control system, i.e. microprocessor 1 can be according to the by-pass switches of the feedback information detection soft starter of fault detection circuit 3 Whether it is closed, if detect that by-pass switch is closed unreliable or not closed, this soft starter will report by-pass switch failure to protect It protects and shuts down, to prevent the thyristor in controllable silicon drive circuit 2 to overheat or the risk of damage, ensure that soft start The safety in utilization and reliability of device.
The controllable silicon drive circuit 2 includes optocoupler assembly (i.e. photoelectricity bidirectional triode thyristor driver) and Group of Silicon Controlled Rectifier Part, the input terminal of the optocoupler assembly are connected the trigger signal sent out for receiving microprocessor 1 with microprocessor 1, optocoupler The output end of component is connected with the input terminal of silicon controlled component for providing trigger signal to silicon controlled component, described silicon-controlled The output end of component is connected every with threephase asynchronous 3M for detecting Group of Silicon Controlled Rectifier with the light of fault detection circuit 3 respectively Whether part is connected and soft start, the light every output end be connected for detection information to be fed back to micro- place with microprocessor 1 Manage device 1.As shown in Fig. 2, when the main road of soft starter starts, microprocessor 1 is by fault detection circuit 3 in real time to silicon-controlled The conducting situation of component is detected and feeds back to microprocessor 1, when microprocessor 1 sends out trigger signal to silicon controlled component Afterwards, (general conducting lag time is less than 100 microseconds) will be connected in the optocoupler assembly of corresponding phase, while microprocessor 1 will be in 0 microsecond Whether the silicon controlled component that corresponding phase is detected in 1000 gsecs has been turned on, and if having been turned on, thinks control machines Normally, soft starter works on；If do not turned on, think that silicon controlled component triggering is abnormal, soft starter will be because of error protection And be stopped, prevent optocoupler assembly or other circuit elements from failing.The present invention is by using by microprocessor 1, silicon-controlled drive The closed-loop control system that dynamic circuit 2 and fault detection circuit 3 form so that motor is during soft, when silicon controlled component exists After trigger signal is sent out, the silicon controlled component that microprocessor 1 can detect corresponding phase within the time of 0 microsecond to 1000 microseconds is No conducting avoids optocoupler assembly or the failure of other circuit elements caused by detection time is long, also avoids because of detection Silicon controlled component triggers abnormal protection caused by time is too short.
In addition, in the bypass start-up of soft starter, bypassing in postrun different time sections, microprocessor 1 judges The fault threshold and/or bypass detection cycle of by-pass switch failure are different.The bypass detection cycle includes that the first bypass is examined Period and the second bypass detection cycle are surveyed, the fault threshold includes Fisrt fault threshold value and the second fault threshold, is being bypassed In postrun first time period, if microprocessor 1 receives the inspection of fault detection circuit 3 in the first bypass detection cycle When the number of the failing edge or rising edge of surveying signal is more than preset Fisrt fault threshold value, then by-pass switch failure is judged；On side After the postrun first time period in road, if microprocessor 1 receives fault detection circuit 3 in the second bypass detection cycle When the number of the failing edge or rising edge that detect signal is more than preset second fault threshold, then by-pass switch failure is judged, In second bypass detection cycle be more than first bypass detection cycle and/or the second fault threshold be less than Fisrt fault threshold value.The present invention By the way that by-pass switch fault detect is divided into two periods in bypass operation, i.e., soft starter is switched to bypass postrun the It is switched to after the postrun first time period of bypass in one period, such as bypasses in postrun 10s and 10s with soft starter Later so that soft starter of the invention in exfactory inspection, by using the postrun preceding 10s of bypass in detection mode The test period that by-pass switch fault detect project can be greatly shortened, to improve production efficiency.
Preferably, the first time period is 10s, and the first bypass detection cycle is 10s, the Fisrt fault threshold value For 250-500；The second bypass detection cycle is 300S, and second fault threshold is 250-500.Fault threshold is arranged In 250-500, it is possible to prevente effectively from fault threshold, can also be set to more fewer or greater by misjudgement as needed certainly. The time of bypass detection cycle need to match with corresponding fault threshold.The 10s times are obtained in conjunction with actual test, and the time is too short, In the presence of wrong report by-pass switch failure risk；Time is too long, thyristor generates heat larger risk that there are by-pass switches when not closed.
The specific embodiment of the present invention is that the controllable silicon drive circuit 2 includes that optocoupler borrows anode triggering electricity Road and electric machine soft starting circuit, the optocoupler borrow being connected for receiving with microprocessor 1 for the input terminal of anode trigger circuit The trigger signal that microprocessor 1 is sent out, optocoupler borrow the input terminal phase of the output end and electric machine soft starting circuit of anode trigger circuit The silicon controlled component for triggering electric machine soft starting circuit is connected, the output end of the electric machine soft starting circuit is examined with failure respectively The input terminal of slowdown monitoring circuit 3 is connected with threephase asynchronous 3M for fault detect and soft start, the fault detection circuit 3 Output end be connected with microprocessor 1 for detection information to be fed back to microprocessor 1.
The optocoupler is made of by means of anode trigger circuit three-phase optocoupler trigger circuit, i.e. U phases optocoupler trigger circuit, V phases Optocoupler trigger circuit and W phase optocoupler trigger circuits include the optocoupler assembly that optocoupler is formed per phase optocoupler trigger circuit, per phase light The input terminal of coupling trigger circuit is connected with microprocessor 1 for receiving trigger signal respectively, per the defeated of phase optocoupler trigger circuit Outlet is connected with electric machine soft starting circuit.
The electric machine soft starting circuit includes three-phase controllable silicon driving circuit, i.e., U phases controllable silicon drive circuit, V phases can Silicon driving circuit and W phase controllable silicon drive circuits are controlled, includes by the silicon-controlled of silicon-controlled formation per phase controllable silicon drive circuit Component, the input terminal per phase controllable silicon drive circuit borrow anode trigger circuit and three phase network to be connected with optocoupler, per mutually controllable The output end of silicon driving circuit is connected with three windings of fault detection circuit 3 and threephase asynchronous 3M respectively, i.e. U phases The input terminal of controllable silicon drive circuit is connected with the U phase power grids of three phase network, the output end and three of U phase controllable silicon drive circuits The U phase input terminals of phase asynchronous motor 3M are connected, the input terminal of the V phases controllable silicon drive circuit and the V phases of three phase network Power grid is connected, and the output end of V phase controllable silicon drive circuits is connected with the V phase input terminals of threephase asynchronous 3M, the W The input terminal of phase controllable silicon drive circuit is connected with the W phase power grids of three phase network, the output end of W phase controllable silicon drive circuits with The W phase input terminals of threephase asynchronous 3M are connected.
The fault detection circuit 3 includes three-phase detection circuit, i.e. U phase detecting circuits, V phase detecting circuits is examined with W phases Slowdown monitoring circuit, the output end of the input terminal and end and the U phase controllable silicon drive circuits of electric machine soft starting circuit of the U phase detecting circuits It is connected, the output end of U phase detecting circuits is connected with microprocessor 1 for detection information to be fed back to microprocessor 1；It is described The input terminal of V phase detecting circuits is connected with the output end of the V phase controllable silicon drive circuits of electric machine soft starting circuit, and V phases detect The output end of circuit is connected with microprocessor 1 for detection information to be fed back to microprocessor 1；The W phase detecting circuits Input terminal is connected with the output end of the W phase controllable silicon drive circuits of electric machine soft starting circuit, the output end of W phase detecting circuits with Microprocessor 1 is connected for detection information to be fed back to microprocessor 1.
Specifically, as shown in figure 3, the U phase optocoupler trigger circuits include optocoupler U7, optocoupler U8, optocoupler U9, pressure-sensitive electricity Resistance RV7, varistor RV8 and varistor RV9, the first pin of the optocoupler U7 are connected with 15V power supplys, and the of optocoupler U7 It is connected with the first pin of optocoupler U8 after the third pins in parallel of two pins and optocoupler U7, the 4th pin and optocoupler of optocoupler U7 The 6th pin of U8 is connected, and the 5th pin of optocoupler U7 is hanging, and the 6th pin of optocoupler U7 is connected with one end of resistance R15 Connect, the first pin of the optocoupler U8 is connected with optocoupler U7, the second pin of optocoupler U8 with and optocoupler U8 third pin simultaneously It is connected with the first pin of optocoupler U9 after connection, the 4th pin of optocoupler U8 is connected with the 6th pin of optocoupler U9, optocoupler U8 The 5th pin it is hanging, the 6th pin of optocoupler U8 is connected with optocoupler U7, the first pin and the optocoupler U8 phases of the optocoupler U9 Connection, be connected with microprocessor 1 by resistance R20 after the second pin of optocoupler U9 and the third pins in parallel of optocoupler U9 and by Nexus Mu controls (i.e. trigger signal), the 4th pin of optocoupler U9 are connected with one end of resistance R21, and the 5th of optocoupler U9 draws Foot is hanging, and the 6th pin of optocoupler U9 is connected with optocoupler U8, and what optocoupler U7, optocoupler U8 and optocoupler U9 can be in isolation circuits is strong Light current, while rear end can bear the strong voltage in power grid again；The both ends of the varistor RV7 respectively with optocoupler U7 the 4th Pin is connected to be connected in parallel on the rear end of optocoupler U7, the both ends difference of the varistor RV8 with the 6th pin of optocoupler U7 It is connected to be connected in parallel on the rear end of optocoupler U8, the varistor with the 6th pin of the 4th pin of optocoupler U8 and optocoupler U8 The both ends of RV9 are connected with the 6th pin of the 4th pin of optocoupler U9 and optocoupler U9 after being connected in parallel on optocoupler U9 respectively End, by the rear end of an each optocoupler varistor in parallel, so as to absorb the surge voltage or electricity on the circuitry phase The back-emf of motivation, while varistor RV7, varistor RV8 and varistor RV9 are in high resistant shape in conventional voltage State, the only leakage current of microampere order are also in series with capacitance C8 between the first pin of optocoupler U7 and the third pin of optocoupler U9； The other end of the resistance R15 is connected with one end of resistance R17, the other end of the resistance R17 respectively with electric machine soft starting Circuit is connected with one end of resistance R16, and the other end of the resistance R16 is connected with electric machine soft starting circuit, and in electricity The both ends of resistance R16 are parallel with capacitance C7 and backward dioded D5, the capacitance C7 and resistance R16 composition RC charge and discharge electricity successively Road, the backward dioded D5 are used for one-way conduction, negative half period and optocoupler U7, optocoupler U8 and optocoupler are in U phase phase voltages When U9 is connected, electric current is flowed through from backward dioded D5；The other end of the resistance R21 is connected with one end of resistance R18, institute The other end for stating resistance R18 is connected with one end of electric machine soft starting circuit and resistance R19 respectively, and the resistance R19's is another End is connected with electric machine soft starting circuit, and is parallel with capacitance C9 and backward dioded D6, institute successively at the both ends of resistance R19 The capacitance C9 stated and resistance R19 composition RC charge-discharge circuits, the backward dioded D6 is used for one-way conduction, mutually electric in U phases When pressure is in positive half cycle and optocoupler U7, optocoupler U8 and optocoupler U9 conductings, electric current is flowed through from backward dioded D6.
As shown in figure 4, the V phase optocoupler trigger circuits include optocoupler U4, optocoupler U5, optocoupler U6, varistor RV4, Varistor RV5 and varistor RV6, the first pin of the optocoupler U4 are connected with 15V power supplys, the second pin of optocoupler U4 It is connected with the first pin with optocoupler U5 after the third pins in parallel of optocoupler U4, the of the 4th pin of optocoupler U4 and optocoupler U5 Six pins are connected, and the 5th pin of optocoupler U4 is hanging, and the 6th pin of optocoupler U4 is connected with one end of resistance R8, the light The first pin of coupling U5 is connected with optocoupler U4, the second pin of optocoupler U5 with and the third pins in parallel of optocoupler U5 after with optocoupler The first pin of U6 is connected, and the 4th pin of optocoupler U5 is connected with the 6th pin of optocoupler U6, the 5th pin of optocoupler U5 Vacantly, the 6th pin of optocoupler U5 is connected with optocoupler U4, and the first pin of the optocoupler U6 is connected with optocoupler U5, optocoupler U6 Second pin and optocoupler U6 third pins in parallel after be connected with microprocessor 1 by resistance R13 and by nexus Mv control It makes (i.e. trigger signal), the 4th pin of optocoupler U6 is connected with one end of resistance R14, and the 5th pin of optocoupler U6 is hanging, light The 6th pin of coupling U6 is connected with optocoupler U5, the strong and weak electricity that optocoupler U4, optocoupler U5 and optocoupler U6 can be in isolation circuits, simultaneously Rear end can bear the strong voltage in power grid again；The both ends of the varistor RV4 respectively with the 4th pin and light of optocoupler U4 The 6th pin of coupling U4 is connected to be connected in parallel on the rear end of optocoupler U4, the both ends of the varistor RV5 respectively with optocoupler U5 The 4th pin be connected to be connected in parallel on the rear end of optocoupler U5 with the 6th pin of optocoupler U5, the two of the varistor RV6 End be connected to be connected in parallel on the rear end of optocoupler U6 with the 6th pin of the 4th pin of optocoupler U6 and optocoupler U6 respectively, by A rear end varistor in parallel for each optocoupler, so as to absorb the anti-electricity of surge voltage or motor on the circuitry phase Gesture, while varistor RV4, varistor RV5 and varistor RV6 are in high-impedance state, only microampere in conventional voltage The leakage current of grade, capacitance C5 is also in series between the first pin of optocoupler U4 and the third pin of optocoupler U6；The resistance R8 The other end be connected with one end of resistance R10, the other end of the resistance R10 respectively with electric machine soft starting circuit and resistance R9 One end be connected, the other end of the resistance R9 is connected with electric machine soft starting circuit, and the both ends of resistance R9 successively It is parallel with capacitance C4 and backward dioded D3, the capacitance C4 and resistance R9 composition RC charge-discharge circuits, described reversed two Pole pipe D3 is used for one-way conduction, when V phase phase voltages be in negative half period and optocoupler U4, optocoupler U5 and optocoupler U6 are connected, electric current from It is flowed through on backward dioded D3；The other end of the resistance R14 is connected with one end of resistance R11, and the resistance R11's is another End is connected with one end of electric machine soft starting circuit and resistance R12 respectively, the other end and the electric machine soft starting electricity of the resistance R12 Road is connected, and is parallel with capacitance C6 and backward dioded D4, the capacitance C6 and resistance successively at the both ends of resistance R12 R12 forms RC charge-discharge circuit, and the backward dioded D4 is used for one-way conduction, positive half cycle and light are in V phase phase voltages When coupling U4, optocoupler U5 and optocoupler U6 are connected, electric current is flowed through from backward dioded D4.
As shown in figure 5, the W phase optocoupler trigger circuits include optocoupler U1, optocoupler U2, optocoupler U3, varistor RV1, Varistor RV2 and varistor RV3, the first pin of the optocoupler U1 are connected with 15V power supplys, the second pin of optocoupler U1 It is connected with the first pin with optocoupler U2 after the third pins in parallel of optocoupler U1, the of the 4th pin of optocoupler U1 and optocoupler U2 Six pins are connected, and the 5th pin of optocoupler U1 is hanging, and the 6th pin of optocoupler U1 is connected with one end of resistance R1, the light The first pin of coupling U2 is connected with optocoupler U1, the second pin of optocoupler U2 with and the third pins in parallel of optocoupler U2 after with optocoupler The first pin of U3 is connected, and the 4th pin of optocoupler U2 is connected with the 6th pin of optocoupler U3, the 5th pin of optocoupler U2 Vacantly, the 6th pin of optocoupler U2 is connected with optocoupler U1, and the first pin of the optocoupler U3 is connected with optocoupler U2, optocoupler U3 Second pin and optocoupler U3 third pins in parallel after be connected with microprocessor 1 by resistance R6 and by nexus Mw control 4th pin of (i.e. trigger signal), optocoupler U3 is connected with one end of resistance R7, and the 5th pin of optocoupler U3 is hanging, optocoupler U3 The 6th pin be connected with optocoupler U2, the strong and weak electricity that optocoupler U1, optocoupler U2 and optocoupler U3 can be in isolation circuits, while rear end The strong voltage in power grid can be born again；The both ends of the varistor RV1 respectively with the 4th pin and optocoupler U1 of optocoupler U1 The 6th pin be connected to be connected in parallel on the rear end of optocoupler U1, the both ends of the varistor RV2 respectively with optocoupler U2 Four pins are connected to be connected in parallel on the rear end of optocoupler U2, the both ends point of the varistor RV3 with the 6th pin of optocoupler U2 It is not connected to be connected in parallel on the rear end of optocoupler U3 with the 6th pin of the 4th pin of optocoupler U3 and optocoupler U3, by each The rear end of an optocoupler varistor in parallel, so as to absorb the back-emf of surge voltage or motor on the circuitry phase, Simultaneously in conventional voltage, varistor RV1, varistor RV2 and varistor RV3 are in high-impedance state, only microampere order Leakage current is also in series with capacitance C2 between the first pin of optocoupler U1 and the third pin of optocoupler U3；The resistance R1's is another One end is connected with one end of resistance R3, the other end of resistance R3 one end with electric machine soft starting circuit and resistance R2 respectively It is connected, the other end of the resistance R2 is connected with electric machine soft starting circuit, and is parallel with successively at the both ends of resistance R2 Capacitance C1 and backward dioded D1, the capacitance C1 form RC charge-discharge circuit, the backward dioded D1 with resistance R2 For one-way conduction, when W phase phase voltages are in negative half period and optocoupler U1, optocoupler U2 and optocoupler U3 conductings, electric current is from reversed two It is flowed through on pole pipe D1；The other end of the resistance R7 is connected with one end of resistance R4, the other end of the resistance R4 respectively with Electric machine soft starting circuit is connected with one end of resistance R5, and the other end of the resistance R5 is connected with electric machine soft starting circuit, And it is parallel with capacitance C3 and backward dioded D2, the capacitance C3 successively at the both ends of resistance R5 to fill with resistance R5 compositions RC Discharge circuit, the backward dioded D2 are used for one-way conduction, positive half cycle and optocoupler U1, optocoupler U2 are in W phase phase voltages When being connected with optocoupler U3, electric current is flowed through from backward dioded D2.
As shown in fig. 6, the U phase controllable silicon drive circuits include controllable silicon SCR 1, controllable silicon SCR 2 and without arc extinguishing The by-pass switch S1 (such as magnetic maintained switch and single machine contactor etc.) of device, the controllable silicon SCR 1 and controllable silicon SCR 2 are anti- To being arranged in parallel and controlled by the trigger signal Mu of microprocessor 1 to form U phase silicon controlled components, the by-pass switch S1 Be connected in parallel between the cathode K1 of controllable silicon SCR 1 and anode, the cathode K1 of controllable silicon SCR 1 as nexus and with phase asynchronous electricity The U phase input terminals of motivation 3M are connected, the door of one end and controllable silicon SCR 1 after 2 parallel connection of controllable silicon SCR 1 and controllable silicon SCR Pole G1 respectively with optocoupler borrow anode trigger circuit capacitance C7 and resistance the R16 RC charge-discharge circuit formed be connected, it is described can The cathode K2 of control silicon SCR2 is nexus and is connected with U phase power grids, another after 2 parallel connection of controllable silicon SCR 1 and controllable silicon SCR The gate pole G2 of end and controllable silicon SCR 2 borrows the RC charge and discharge of the capacitance C9 and resistance R19 compositions of anode trigger circuit with optocoupler respectively Circuit is connected.
The V phase controllable silicon drive circuits include controllable silicon SCR 3, controllable silicon SCR 4 and by-pass switch S2, and described can It controls silicon SCR3 with 4 reverse parallel connection of controllable silicon SCR to be arranged to form V phase silicon controlled components, the by-pass switch S2 is connected in parallel on Between the cathode K3 and anode of controllable silicon SCR 3, the cathode K3 of controllable silicon SCR 3 is for nexus and with threephase asynchronous 3M's V phase input terminals are connected, the gate pole G3 difference of one end and controllable silicon SCR 3 after 4 parallel connection of controllable silicon SCR 3 and controllable silicon SCR Capacitance C4 and resistance the R9 RC charge-discharge circuit formed of anode trigger circuit is borrowed to be connected with optocoupler, the controllable silicon SCR 4 Cathode K4 is nexus and to be connected with V phase power grids, the other end after 4 parallel connection of controllable silicon SCR 3 and controllable silicon SCR and silicon-controlled The gate pole G4 of SCR4 borrows capacitance C6 and resistance the R12 RC charge-discharge circuit formed of anode trigger circuit to be connected with optocoupler respectively It connects.
The W phase controllable silicon drive circuits include controllable silicon SCR 5, controllable silicon SCR 6 and by-pass switch S3, and described can It controls silicon SCR5 with 6 reverse parallel connection of controllable silicon SCR to be arranged to form W phase silicon controlled components, the by-pass switch S3 is connected in parallel on Between the cathode K5 and anode of controllable silicon SCR 5, the cathode K5 of controllable silicon SCR 5 is for nexus and with threephase asynchronous 3M's W phase input terminals are connected, the gate pole G5 difference of one end and controllable silicon SCR 5 after 6 parallel connection of controllable silicon SCR 5 and controllable silicon SCR Capacitance C1 and resistance the R2 RC charge-discharge circuit formed of anode trigger circuit is borrowed to be connected with optocoupler, the controllable silicon SCR 6 Cathode K6 is nexus and to be connected with W phase power grids, the other end after 6 parallel connection of controllable silicon SCR 5 and controllable silicon SCR and silicon-controlled The gate pole G6 of SCR6 borrows capacitance C3 and resistance the R5 RC charge-discharge circuit formed of anode trigger circuit to be connected with optocoupler respectively.
As shown in fig. 7, the U phase detecting circuits include electric bridge DB400, light every U403 and U commutating phase circuits, the electricity Cathode K1 (nexus) and U phase silicon-controlled driving of the input terminal of bridge DB400 with the controllable silicon SCR 1 of U phase controllable silicon drive circuits The cathode K2 (nexus) of the controllable silicon SCR 2 of circuit is connected for by the alternating voltage of the cathode of thyristor and anode Signal is converted into DC pulse voltage signal, and the output end of electric bridge DB400 is connected every the input terminal of U403 for controllable with light The detection trigger of silicon cell, the light are connected with U commutating phase circuit input ends for rectifying and wave-filtering, institute every the output end of U403 The output end for stating U commutating phase circuits is connected with microprocessor 1 for detection information to be fed back to microprocessor by Uip interfaces 1.Specifically, the first pin of the cathode K1 and electric bridge DB400 of the controllable silicon SCR 1 are connected, and in controllable silicon SCR 1 Resistance R421, resistance R422 and resistance R423, the cathode K2 of the controllable silicon SCR 2 are in series between cathode K1 and electric bridge DB400 It is connected with the second pin of electric bridge DB400, between the first pin and the second pin of electric bridge DB400 of electric bridge DB400 simultaneously Be associated with capacitance C410, the third pin of electric bridge DB400 and the 4th pin of electric bridge DB400 respectively with light every U403 second pin Third pin with light every U403 is connected, in parallel between the first pin of electric bridge DB400 and the third pin of electric bridge DB400 There is capacitance C409, capacitance C411 is parallel between the first pin of electric bridge DB400 and the 4th pin of electric bridge DB400, it is described U commutating phase circuits include resistance R424, resistance R425, resistance R426, resistance R427, capacitance C413 and capacitance C414, light every The 5th pin of U403 is grounded, and light is connected every the 6th pin of U403 with one end of resistance R426, and the resistance R426's is another One end is connected by Uip interfaces with microprocessor 1, and light is grounded after the 7th pin of U403 is connected with resistance R427, light every The 8th pin of U403 is connected with after resistance R424 series connection with the ends power supply VCC, one end and the power supply VCC phases of the resistance R425 Connection, sixth pin of the other end with light every U403 be connected, the capacitance C413 be connected in parallel on light every U403 the 8th pin And light between the 5th pin of U403 and is grounded, being connected with microprocessor 1 by Uip interfaces for the capacitance C414 is another End ground connection, light are hanging every the 4th pin of U403 every the first pin and light of U403.When work, work as VK2K1For 0V or less than one When constant voltage value (generally 30V or so), optocoupler is not turned on, and Uip is high level, works as VK2K1It is (general to be more than certain voltage value For 30V or so) when, optocoupler conducting, Uip is low level.
As shown in figure 8, the V phase detecting circuits include electric bridge DB401, light every U404 and V commutating phase circuits, the electricity Cathode K3 (nexus) and V phase silicon-controlled driving of the input terminal of bridge DB401 with the controllable silicon SCR 3 of V phase controllable silicon drive circuits The cathode K4 (nexus) of the controllable silicon SCR 4 of circuit is connected for by the alternating voltage of the cathode of thyristor and anode Signal is converted into DC pulse voltage signal, and the output end of electric bridge DB401 is connected every the input terminal of U404 for controllable with light The detection trigger of silicon cell, the light are connected with V commutating phase circuit input ends for rectifying and wave-filtering, institute every the output end of U404 The output end for stating V commutating phase circuits is connected with microprocessor 1 for detection information to be fed back to microprocessor by Vip interfaces 1.Specifically, the first pin of the cathode K3 and electric bridge DB401 of the controllable silicon SCR 3 are connected, and in controllable silicon SCR 3 Resistance R428, resistance R429 and resistance R430, the cathode K4 of the controllable silicon SCR 4 are in series between cathode K3 and electric bridge DB401 It is connected with the second pin of electric bridge DB401, between the first pin and the second pin of electric bridge DB401 of electric bridge DB401 simultaneously Be associated with capacitance C416, the third pin of electric bridge DB401 and the 4th pin of electric bridge DB401 respectively with light every U404 second pin Third pin with light every U404 is connected, in parallel between the first pin of electric bridge DB401 and the third pin of electric bridge DB401 There is capacitance C415, capacitance C417 is parallel between the first pin of electric bridge DB401 and the 4th pin of electric bridge DB401, it is described V commutating phase circuits include resistance R431, resistance R432, resistance R433, resistance R434, capacitance C419 and capacitance C420, light every The 5th pin of U404 is grounded, and light is connected every the 6th pin of U404 with one end of resistance R433, and the resistance R433's is another One end is connected by Vip interfaces with microprocessor 1, and light is grounded after the 7th pin of U404 is connected with resistance R434, light every The 8th pin of U404 is connected with after resistance R431 series connection with the ends power supply VCC, one end and the power supply VCC phases of the resistance R432 Connection, sixth pin of the other end with light every U404 be connected, the capacitance C419 be connected in parallel on light every U404 the 8th pin And light between the 5th pin of U404 and is grounded, one end of the capacitance C420 is connected by Vip interfaces with microprocessor 1 The other end is grounded, and light is hanging every the 4th pin of U404 every the first pin and light of U404.When work, work as VK4K3For 0V or small When certain voltage value (generally 30V or so), optocoupler is not turned on, and Vip is high level, works as VK4K3To be more than certain voltage value When (generally 30V or so), optocoupler conducting, Vip is low level.
As shown in figure 9, the W phase detecting circuits include electric bridge DB402, light every U405 and W commutating phase circuits, the electricity Cathode K5 (nexus) and W phase silicon-controlled driving of the input terminal of bridge DB402 with the controllable silicon SCR 5 of W phase controllable silicon drive circuits The cathode K6 (nexus) of the controllable silicon SCR 6 of circuit is connected for by the alternating voltage of the cathode of thyristor and anode Signal is converted into DC pulse voltage signal, and the output end of electric bridge DB402 is connected every the input terminal of U405 for controllable with light The detection trigger of silicon cell, the light are connected with W commutating phase circuit input ends for rectifying and wave-filtering, institute every the output end of U405 The output end for stating W commutating phase circuits is connected with microprocessor 1 for detection information to be fed back to microprocessor by Wip interfaces 1.Specifically, the first pin of the cathode K5 and electric bridge DB402 of the controllable silicon SCR 5 are connected, and in controllable silicon SCR 5 Resistance R435, resistance R436 and resistance R437, the cathode K6 of the controllable silicon SCR 6 are in series between cathode K5 and electric bridge DB402 It is connected with the second pin of electric bridge DB402, between the first pin and the second pin of electric bridge DB402 of electric bridge DB402 simultaneously Be associated with capacitance C422, the third pin of electric bridge DB402 and the 4th pin of electric bridge DB402 respectively with light every U405 second pin Third pin with light every U405 is connected, in parallel between the first pin of electric bridge DB402 and the third pin of electric bridge DB402 There is capacitance C421, capacitance C423 is parallel between the first pin of electric bridge DB402 and the 4th pin of electric bridge DB402, it is described W commutating phase circuits include resistance R438, resistance R439, resistance R440, resistance R441, capacitance C425 and capacitance C426, light every 405 the 5th pin ground connection, light are connected every 405 the 6th pin with one end of resistance R440, and the resistance R440's is another End is connected by Wip interfaces with microprocessor 1, and light is grounded after 405 the 7th pin is connected with resistance R441, and light is every 405 The 8th pin be connected with the ends power supply VCC with after resistance R438 series connection, one end of the resistance R439 is connected with power supply VCC It connects, the other end is connected with light every 405 the 6th pin, and the capacitance C425 is connected in parallel on eightth pin and light of the light every 405 It between 405 the 5th pin and is grounded, one end of the capacitance C426 is connected by Wip interfaces with microprocessor 1 another End ground connection, light are hanging every the 4th pin of U405 every the first pin and light of U405.When work, work as VK6K5For 0V or less than one When constant voltage value (generally 30V or so), optocoupler is not turned on, and Wip is high level, works as VK6K5It is (general to be more than certain voltage value For 30V or so) when, optocoupler conducting, Wip is low level.
When work, in U phase optocoupler trigger circuits, when nexus Mu is low level, optocoupler U7, optocoupler U8 and optocoupler U9's Input terminal LED lighting just gives the silicon-controlled offer trigger signal of output end inverse parallel of optocoupler U7, optocoupler U8 and optocoupler U9.Such as Fruit (V when U phase voltages are in positive half cycleK2＞ VK1), then electric current successively pass through backward dioded D6, resistance R18, resistance R21, It is connected with the RC charge-discharge circuit of resistance R16, capacitance C7 after optocoupler U9, optocoupler U8, optocoupler U7, resistance R15, resistance R17, instead It is in reverse blocking state to diode D5, the pressure drop of optocoupler U7, optocoupler U8 and optocoupler U9 only have several volts, can be neglected.It can Control the gate voltage of silicon SCR1Wherein τ=(R18+R21+R15+R17)×C17, by several micro- After second, VG1K1Voltage be more than the gate trigger voltage of controllable silicon SCR 1, then controllable silicon SCR 1 is begun to turn on, once it is silicon-controlled After SCR1 conductings, resistance R16, capacitance C7 the RC charge-discharge circuit of composition be just in discharge condition, VG1K1Voltage would not Continue to rise；If (the V when U phase voltages are in negative half periodK1＞ VK2), electric current successively pass through backward dioded D5, resistance R17, After resistance R15, optocoupler U7, optocoupler U8, optocoupler U9, resistance R21, resistance R18 with the RC charge and discharges of the composition of resistance R19 and capacitance C9 Circuit is connected, and backward dioded D6 is in reverse blocking state, and the pressure drop of optocoupler U7, optocoupler U8 and optocoupler U9 only have several volts, It is negligible.The gate voltage of controllable silicon SCR 2Wherein τ=(R18+R21+R15+R17)× C9, after several microseconds, VG2K2Voltage be more than controllable silicon SCR 2 gate trigger voltage, then controllable silicon SCR 2 starts to lead Logical, after the conducting of controllable silicon SCR 2, the RC charge-discharge circuit of the composition of resistance R19 and capacitance C9 is just in discharge condition, VG2K2Voltage would not continue to rise.
When microprocessor 1 sends out U phase trigger signals MuAfterwards, if the controllable silicon SCR 1 of U phases cannot be connected or cannot in time Conducting, you can control silicon triggering is abnormal.If soft starter 0 microsecond to 1000 microseconds time cannot and Times control machines It is abnormal, then VK2K1Between voltage it is relatively high always (voltage is specifically how high, depend on phase voltage amplitude and CPU hair triggering letter The phase angle of the current phase voltage of power grid corresponding to number moment, the voltage highest at 90 °), and backward dioded D6, resistance The gate pole G1 institutes of R18, resistance R21, optocoupler U9, optocoupler U8, optocoupler U7, resistance R15, resistance R17, capacitance C7 and controllable silicon SCR 1 The loop current I of formationLOOP≈VK2K1÷(R18+R21+R15+R17), it is generally the case that the resistance R18, resistance R21, electricity The peace treaty of the resistance value of R15 and resistance R17 is hindered in 100 Ω between 500 Ω, therefore ILOOPAbout in 0.45A to 6.2A (according to three ± 15% network voltages of phase AC380V) between, if electric current ILOOPIt will be caused by optocoupler output and charging resistor for a long time Corresponding U phases optocoupler failure or charging resistor are burnt, since fault detection circuit 3 can be in 0 microsecond to 1000 gsec energy And Times control machines are abnormal, microprocessor 1 stops sending out the trigger signal of all phases so that U phases optocoupler and charging resistor All no electric current passes through, to prevent the failure of U phases optocoupler or charging resistor.Due in V phase optocoupler trigger circuits and W phase optocouplers The operation principle of trigger circuit is identical with U phase optocoupler trigger circuits, therefore details are not described herein.
When fault detection circuit 3 carries out control machines detection, by taking U phase detecting circuits as an example, sent out in microprocessor 1 After U phase trigger signals Wu, when the controllable silicon SCR 1 of U phase optocoupler trigger circuits or the conducting of controllable silicon SCR 2, VK2K1Between voltage For 0V (ignoring silicon-controlled tube voltage drop), corresponding U phase detecting circuits no current input, the light of U phase detecting circuits is every U403's The V of output end triodeCFCut-off, U phase detecting circuit output ends are high level；And work as the silicon-controlled of U phase optocoupler trigger circuits When SCR1 or controllable silicon SCR 2 are not turned on, VK2K1Between voltage be not 0V, corresponding U phase detecting circuits will have electric current input, U phases The light of detection circuit is connected every the VCE of the output end triode of U403, and U phase detecting circuit output ends are low level.If micro- place Reason device 1 detects that U phase detecting circuit output end level is turned to from low level within the time of preset 0 microsecond to 1000 microseconds High level, it is normally to be considered as corresponding the silicon-controlled of U phases, if microprocessor 1 is in preset 0 microsecond to 1000 microseconds Detect that U phase detecting circuit output end level does not change always in time, be considered as corresponding U phases controllable silicon SCR 1 or can Control silicon SCR2 is not turned on or not conducting in time, will report control machines abnormal protection, soft starter of the invention will be because of failure It protects and is stopped, prevent U phases optocoupler or charging resistor from failing.Due to the work in V phase detecting circuits and W phase detecting circuits Principle is identical with U phase detecting circuits, therefore details are not described herein.The present invention is by examining the controlled silicon conducting of microprocessor 1 Time control is surveyed in 0 microsecond to 1000 microseconds, causes optocoupler or charging resistor to fail so as to avoid because detection time is long, It avoids simultaneously and causes control machines abnormal protection because detection time is too short.
As shown in FIG. 10 and 11, when fault detection circuit 3 carries out by-pass switch occlusion detection, by taking U phases as an example, if can The by-pass switch for controlling silicon driving circuit 2 is not closed, is bypassing in postrun preceding 10s, after the phase voltage zero crossing of U phase power grids 0 to (ranging from 90 ° ± 10 ° of α) in α angles, and the gate pole G2 of gate pole G1 or controllable silicon SCR 2 to controllable silicon SCR 1 are applied always Add trigger signal；And in α to the π angles after the phase voltage zero crossing of U phase power grids stop to controllable silicon SCR 1 gate pole G1 or The gate pole G2 of controllable silicon SCR 2 applies trigger signal.If by-pass switch is not closed, 0 to α after phase voltage zero crossing in U phases In angle, since the gate pole G1 of the controllable silicon SCR 1 or gate pole G2 of controllable silicon SCR 2 has always a trigger signal, controllable silicon SCR 1 or Controllable silicon SCR 2 will be connected and (ignore conducting delay), and current zero-crossing point signal U phase detecting circuits output end is high level always, by In motor stator be inductive load, current lagging voltage angle beta (ranging from 0 ° to 80 ° of β), so U phase detecting circuits export End is high level always in 0 to (alpha+beta) angle (see the Uip signals of Fig. 6)；When after the phase voltage zero crossing of U phase power grids (α+ β) in π angles, since the gate pole G1 of controllable silicon SCR 1 or the gate pole G2 of controllable silicon SCR 2 do not have trigger signal, controllable silicon SCR 1 Or controllable silicon SCR 2 will be not turned on, U phase detecting circuit output ends are low level (see the Uip signals of Fig. 6).It is postrun bypassing In preceding 10s, if microprocessor 1 detects that the number of U phase detecting circuit output end failing edges is more than 250 to 500 in 10s It is a, then judge by-pass switch failure.T0 in Figure 10 is that soft starter was switched in the bypass postrun preceding 10s times, triggering Current zero-crossing point negative pulse width when signal is not connected entirely and when the non-normally closed of by-pass switch.
If by-pass switch is not closed, after bypassing postrun preceding 10s, being given in U phases zero crossing 0 to π angles can The gate pole G1 of control silicon SCR1 or the gate pole G2 of controllable silicon SCR 2 apply always trigger signal, that is to say, that the gate pole of controllable silicon SCR 1 The trigger signal moment of G1 or the gate pole G2 of controllable silicon SCR 2 exist, so 0 to (- T1 × 1/2 the π) time after voltage over zero It is connected between the anode and cathode of interior controllable silicon SCR 1 or controllable silicon SCR 2 because bearing high voltage, U phase detecting circuit output ends For high level；T1 in Figure 11 is that soft starter was switched in the postrun 10s of the bypass later times, and trigger signal is connected entirely When and current zero-crossing point negative pulse width when the non-normally closed of by-pass switch, the short time before and after U phase voltage zero crossings It is silicon-controlled in commutation, V in the times of T1 × 1/2K2K1Voltage have tens volts, controllable silicon SCR 1 or controllable silicon SCR 2 cannot be connected, The current zero-crossing point signal U phase detecting circuit output ends of U phase detecting circuits are low level, refer to the Uip waveforms of Fig. 7, actually answer In, since motor stator is inductive load, the certain angle of current lagging voltage can make due to U phase detecting circuit output ends Become smaller for low level width T1, even without.After bypassing postrun 10s, if microprocessor 1 detects in 300s Number to U phase detecting circuit output end signal failing edges is more than 250 to 500, then judges by-pass switch failure.Due in V The operation principle of phase detecting circuit and W phase detecting circuits is identical with U phase detecting circuits, therefore details are not described herein, in this skill In art scheme, failing edge is considered equivalent scheme with rising edge, high level and low level, low level and high level, non-because only needing Gate circuit achieves that.Particularly, the T0 and T1 is the width for being not turned on angle, and the time width of the two is different, the former Time is longer and is more than 0ms, and the latter's time shorter general numerical value is 0ms~1ms and may be 0ms.
The present embodiment is detected using three-phase detection circuit, and the principle of three-phase detection circuit is identical, and physical circuit is identical It can also be slightly different.Means are deteriorated as one kind, single-phase or phase to phase fault detection electricity can also be only arranged in fault detection circuit 3 Road also all belongs to the scope of protection of the present invention.
The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be said that The specific implementation of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, exist Under the premise of not departing from present inventive concept, a number of simple deductions or replacements can also be made, all shall be regarded as belonging to the present invention's Protection domain.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of soft starter with control machines abnormal protection, it is characterised in that：Including microprocessor (1), silicon-controlled The input terminal of driving circuit (2) and fault detection circuit (3), the controllable silicon drive circuit (2) is connected with microprocessor (1) The trigger signal sent out for receiving microprocessor (1), output end and the threephase asynchronous 3M of controllable silicon drive circuit (2) Be connected for driving threephase asynchronous 3M to start, the input terminal and output end of the fault detection circuit (3) respectively with Controllable silicon drive circuit (2) be connected with microprocessor (1) for detect controllable silicon drive circuit (2) silicon controlled component whether It is connected and feeds back to microprocessor (1).
2. the soft starter according to claim 1 with control machines abnormal protection, it is characterised in that：Described can It includes optocoupler assembly and silicon controlled component to control silicon driving circuit (2), and the input terminal of the optocoupler assembly is connected with microprocessor (1) Connect, the output end of optocoupler assembly is connected with the input terminal of silicon controlled component, the output end of the silicon controlled component respectively with therefore The light of barrier detection circuit (3) with threephase asynchronous (3M) every being connected for detecting whether silicon controlled component is connected and soft It is dynamic, the light every output end be connected for detection information to be fed back to microprocessor (1) with microprocessor (1).
3. the soft starter according to claim 1 with control machines abnormal protection, it is characterised in that：The event It includes U phase detecting circuits, V phase detecting circuits and W phase detecting circuits, the input terminal of the U phase detecting circuits to hinder detection circuit (3) It is connected with end with the output end of the U phase controllable silicon drive circuits of controllable silicon drive circuit (2), the output end of U phase detecting circuits It is connected with microprocessor (1), the input terminal of the V phase detecting circuits and the silicon-controlled driving of V phases of controllable silicon drive circuit (2) The output end of circuit is connected, and the output end of V phase detecting circuits is connected with microprocessor (1), the W phase detecting circuits it is defeated Enter end with the output end of the W phase controllable silicon drive circuits of controllable silicon drive circuit (2) to be connected, the output end of W phase detecting circuits It is connected with microprocessor (1).
4. the soft starter according to claim 1 or 3 with control machines abnormal protection, it is characterised in that：It is described Controllable silicon drive circuit (2) include optocoupler borrow anode trigger circuit and electric machine soft starting circuit, the optocoupler borrow anode triggering The input terminal of circuit is connected with microprocessor (1), and optocoupler borrows the output end and electric machine soft starting circuit of anode trigger circuit The silicon controlled component that is connected for triggering electric machine soft starting circuit of input terminal, the output end point of the electric machine soft starting circuit It is not connected with the input terminal of fault detection circuit (3) and threephase asynchronous 3M.
5. the soft starter according to claim 4 with control machines abnormal protection, it is characterised in that：The light Coupling includes U phase optocouplers trigger circuit, V phase optocoupler trigger circuits and W phase optocoupler trigger circuits by means of anode trigger circuit, per phase optocoupler Trigger circuit includes the optocoupler assembly that optocoupler is formed, the input terminal per phase optocoupler trigger circuit respectively with microprocessor (1) phase Connection, the output end per phase optocoupler trigger circuit are connected with electric machine soft starting circuit；
The electric machine soft starting circuit includes U phases controllable silicon drive circuit, V phases controllable silicon drive circuit and the silicon-controlled drive of W phases Dynamic circuit includes by the silicon controlled component of silicon-controlled formation, per phase controllable silicon drive circuit per phase controllable silicon drive circuit Input terminal is connected with optocoupler by means of anode trigger circuit, the output end per phase controllable silicon drive circuit respectively with fault detection circuit (3) it is connected with threephase asynchronous 3M.
6. the soft starter according to claim 3 with control machines abnormal protection, it is characterised in that：The U Phase detecting circuit includes electric bridge DB400, light every U403 and U commutating phase circuits, and the input terminal and U phases of the electric bridge DB400 is controllable The cathode K2 of the controllable silicon SCR 2 of cathode K1 and U the phase controllable silicon drive circuit of the controllable silicon SCR 1 of silicon driving circuit is connected, Input terminal of the output end of electric bridge DB400 with light every U403 is connected, and the light is defeated every the output end and U commutating phase circuits of U403 Enter end to be connected, the output end of the U commutating phases circuit is connected by Uip interfaces with microprocessor (1)；
The structure of the V phase detecting circuits and W phase detecting circuits is identical as the structure of U phase detecting circuits.
7. the soft starter according to claim 6 with control machines abnormal protection, it is characterised in that：It is described controllable The first pin of the cathode K1 and electric bridge DB400 of silicon SCR1 are connected, and in the cathode K1 and electric bridge DB400 of controllable silicon SCR 1 Between be in series with resistance R421, resistance R422 and resistance R423, the second of the cathode K2 and electric bridge DB400 of the controllable silicon SCR 2 Pin is connected, and capacitance C410, electric bridge are parallel between the first pin and the second pin of electric bridge DB400 of electric bridge DB400 The third pin of DB400 and the 4th pin of electric bridge DB400 respectively with light every U403 second pin and light every U403 third Pin is connected, and capacitance C409 is in series between the first pin of electric bridge DB400 and the third pin of electric bridge DB400, in electricity Capacitance C411, the U commutating phase circuit packets are in series between the first pin of bridge DB400 and the 4th pin of electric bridge DB400 Resistance R424, resistance R425, resistance R426, resistance R427, capacitance C413 and capacitance C414 are included, light connects every the 5th pin of U403 Ground, light are connected every the 6th pin of U403 with one end of resistance R426, the other end of the resistance R426 by Uip interfaces with Microprocessor (1) is connected, and light is grounded after the 7th pin of U403 is connected with resistance R427, light every U403 the 8th pin with It is connected with the ends power supply VCC after resistance R424 series connection, one end of the resistance R425 is connected with power supply VCC, the other end and light Be connected every the 6th pin of U403, the capacitance C413 be connected in parallel on light every U403 the 8th pin and light every the 5th of U403 It between pin and is grounded, the other end ground connection that is connected with microprocessor (1) by Uip interfaces of the capacitance C414；
The structure of the V phase detecting circuits and W phase detecting circuits is identical as the structure of U phase detecting circuits.
8. the soft starter according to claim 5 with control machines abnormal protection, it is characterised in that：The U Phase optocoupler trigger circuit includes optocoupler U7, optocoupler U8, optocoupler U9, varistor RV7, varistor RV8 and varistor RV9, The first pin of the optocoupler U7 is connected with power supply, after the second pin of optocoupler U7 and the third pins in parallel of optocoupler U7 with light The first pin of coupling U8 is connected, and the 4th pin of optocoupler U7 is connected with the 6th pin of optocoupler U8, and the 6th of optocoupler U7 draws Foot is connected with one end of resistance R15, and the first pin of the optocoupler U8 is connected with optocoupler U7, the second pin of optocoupler U8 with It is connected with the first pin with optocoupler U9 after the third pins in parallel of optocoupler U8, the of the 4th pin of optocoupler U8 and optocoupler U9 Six pins are connected, and the 6th pin of optocoupler U8 is connected with optocoupler U7, and the first pin of the optocoupler U9 is connected with optocoupler U8 It connects, is connected with microprocessor (1) by resistance R20 after the second pin of optocoupler U9 and the third pins in parallel of optocoupler U9, light The 4th pin of coupling U9 is connected with one end of resistance R21, and the 6th pin of optocoupler U9 is connected with optocoupler U8, the pressure-sensitive electricity The both ends of resistance RV7 are connected with the 6th pin of the 4th pin of optocoupler U7 and optocoupler U7 respectively, and the two of the varistor RV8 End is connected with the 6th pin of the 4th pin of optocoupler U8 and optocoupler U8 respectively, the both ends of the varistor RV9 respectively with The 4th pin of optocoupler U9 is connected with the 6th pin of optocoupler U9, in the third pin of the first pin and optocoupler U9 of optocoupler U7 Between be also in series with capacitance C8, the other end of the resistance R15 is connected with one end of resistance R17, and the resistance R17's is another End is connected with one end of electric machine soft starting circuit and resistance R16 respectively, the other end and the electric machine soft starting electricity of the resistance R16 Road is connected, and is parallel with capacitance C7 and backward dioded D5 successively at the both ends of resistance R16, and the resistance R21's is another End is connected with one end of resistance R18, the other end of the resistance R18 respectively with electric machine soft starting circuit and resistance R19 one End is connected, and the other end of the resistance R19 is connected with electric machine soft starting circuit, and the both ends of resistance R19 successively simultaneously It is associated with capacitance C9 and backward dioded D6；
The structure of the V phases optocoupler trigger circuit and W phase optocoupler trigger circuits is identical as the structure of U phase optocoupler trigger circuits.
9. the soft starter according to claim 5 with control machines abnormal protection, it is characterised in that：The U Phase controllable silicon drive circuit includes controllable silicon SCR 1, controllable silicon SCR 2 and by-pass switch S1, the controllable silicon SCR 1 and controllable Silicon SCR2 reverse parallel connections are arranged and are controlled by the trigger signal Mu of microprocessor (1) to form U phase silicon controlled components, described By-pass switch S1 is connected in parallel between the cathode K1 of controllable silicon SCR 1 and anode, the cathode K1 of controllable silicon SCR 1 as nexus and with The U phase input terminals of threephase asynchronous 3M are connected, one end after 2 parallel connection of controllable silicon SCR 1 and controllable silicon SCR and controllable The gate pole G1 of silicon SCR1 borrows capacitance C7 and resistance the R16 RC charge-discharge circuit formed of anode trigger circuit to be connected with optocoupler respectively It connects, the cathode K2 of the controllable silicon SCR 2 is nexus and is connected with U phase power grids that controllable silicon SCR 1 and controllable silicon SCR 2 are in parallel The gate pole G2 of the other end and controllable silicon SCR 2 afterwards borrows the capacitance C9 and resistance R19 compositions of anode trigger circuit with optocoupler respectively RC charge-discharge circuit is connected；
The structure phase of the structure of the V phases controllable silicon drive circuit and W phase controllable silicon drive circuits and U phase controllable silicon drive circuits Together.
10. the soft starter according to claim 6 with control machines abnormal protection, it is characterised in that：In Wei Chu After reason device (1) sends out U phase trigger signals, if microprocessor (1) detects U phase detecting circuit output ends within the preset time It is turned to high level from low level, it is normally to be considered as corresponding the silicon-controlled of U phases, if microprocessor (1) is preset Detect that U phase detecting circuit output end level does not change always in time, be considered as corresponding U phases controllable silicon SCR 1 or can Control silicon SCR2 is not turned on or not conducting in time；
The principle of the V phase detecting circuits and W phase detecting circuits is identical as the principle of U phase detecting circuits.
CN201810052813.3A 2018-01-19 2018-01-19 Soft starter with control machines abnormal protection Pending CN108322098A (en)

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