CN108318590A - 基于采用呼出气体标记物谱的常见病原菌感染所致的肺炎的诊断系统 - Google Patents

基于采用呼出气体标记物谱的常见病原菌感染所致的肺炎的诊断系统 Download PDF

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CN108318590A
CN108318590A CN201711426087.9A CN201711426087A CN108318590A CN 108318590 A CN108318590 A CN 108318590A CN 201711426087 A CN201711426087 A CN 201711426087A CN 108318590 A CN108318590 A CN 108318590A
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周勇
应可净
王平
高建平
胡燕婕
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

基于采用呼出气体标记物谱的常见病原菌感染所致的肺炎的诊断系统,包括人体气管呼出气体采集装置、VOCs检测装置,VOCs检测装置暴露在人体气管呼出气体采集装置中,检测得到特征性的呼吸气体印迹谱;其特征在于:VOCs检测装置与一计算机信号连接,VOCs检测装置将特征性的呼吸气体印迹谱输入计算机,计算机中包含一个诊断模型引擎,诊断模型引擎预存有的肺炎感染病原特征性挥发性有机物VOCs印迹谱,诊断模型特征性的呼吸气体印迹谱与肺炎感染病原特征性挥发性有机物VOCs印迹谱比较,确定导致人体肺炎感染的病原菌,并输出诊断结果。

Description

基于采用呼出气体标记物谱的常见病原菌感染所致的肺炎的 诊断系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种常见病原菌感染所致的肺炎的诊断系统。
背景技术
医院获得性肺炎在院内感染居第二位,也是院内感染导致死亡的第一位,该问题在老龄化社会尤为突出。2016年美国感染病学会发布了最新版的医院获得性肺炎/呼吸机相关性肺炎(HAP/VAP)指南,距离上-版指南相隔了10余年。这10余年医学科学进展突飞猛进,但是医院获得性肺炎的管理模式和预后并没有发生质的改变,可选用的抗生素仍是屈指可数,而细菌耐药问题日益严峻。医院获得性肺炎最常见病原菌包括铜绿假单胞菌、耐药肠杆菌和金葡菌等。尽早的进行覆盖病原的靶向治疗能显著改善肺炎的预后,降低死亡率。由于医院获得性肺炎患者往往合并基础疾病,各种病原菌所致肺炎的胸部影像学表现特异性差,而病原学检测方法又有其局限性,导致肺炎的病原无法在初始抗生素使用前明确。最为关键的初始治疗基本依赖抗菌谱(Antibiogram)经验性用药,缺乏可参考的生物标记物。全国大部分医院都缺乏有效的常规病原监测反馈机制,以上现状带来了很多抗生素滥用、后续细菌耐药及费用增加等问题,并且最终影响患者预后。因此,尽早明确病原,转向靶向抗感染治疗显得尤为重要。而靶向治疗所需的病原学的检测,如痰或血培养往往需要3-5天时间,结核杆菌的培养亦更是需要10天以上。一些相对快速的检测方法,如涂片染色加PCR等检测,需要昂贵的实验室器材及人员配备,也会受到定植或污染的困扰。
发明内容
本发明要克服现有技术的上述缺点,提供一种快速、无创的常见病原菌感染所致的肺炎的诊断系统。
在古代西方,亚里土多德指导医生们如何使用嗅觉。在古老的东方,“闻”亦是祖国传统医学四大诊断技能之一,藏医也有通过闻患者的排泄物进行诊断的理论体系。到了现代,这项传统医术有了新的内涵和外延一挥发性有机物检测用于医学诊断。目前,这项具有巨大前景的无创快速检测技术的应用正日趋成熟,并已被广泛用于各种疾病如肺癌、哮喘、COPD、囊性纤维化等疾病的诊断和监测,被称为“呼吸组学”(Breathomics)。该技术通过检测呼出气体的挥发性有机物(Volatile organic compounds,VOC),进行疾病的诊断和治疗监测。比如,呼出气体的NO浓度检测即被广泛地用于哮喘等气道炎症疾病的诊治研究,且快速有效。病原学检测方面,C13呼气试验也被临床上广泛用于胃部Hp感染的检测。研究发现在临床感染发生之前,宿主已经有机体代谢和肠道及肺部微生物组学的改变,提示其具备早期诊断和干预的潜在价值。人的呼出气中包含许多物质:包括小分子非有机物,如O2,CO2,挥发性有机物VOCs,如烃,醛,醋类等,此类物质大约有3000种,一般可检测到200种。微生物感染机体后,经过体内代谢,可产生广泛的VOCs,如烃,醇,酮类,含氮硫化合物等。呼出气中VOCs多数是在机体炎症过程中产生,具有无创特性的呼吸气体检测可用于直接监测气道炎症和氧化应激状态。不同微生物种属在人体组织微环境中生长代谢时产生的VOCs种类不同,检测其代谢谱和与病原菌相关的特异性物质,探索这些物质与疾病的相关性,对于临床有潜在的诊断及预测价值。目前用于呼吸道检查方法,如气管镜肺泡灌洗,痰涂片及培养等均属于侵入性有创操作且结果一般要等24h以上。作为无创快速检查手段的呼吸气体检测,在肺部疾病的早期诊断与鉴别诊断,疾病严重程度评估及疾病筛选等方面有潜在的应用价值。电子鼻技术可探寻不同肺部疾病时VOCs印迹,而质谱仪可确定具有疾病特征性的生物标志物。最常用的VOCs检测方法包括色谱-质谱法CC-MS及电子鼻。前者为金标准技术,电子鼻有众多的纳米传感器组成,其依据各物质电阻的差异产生特征性的呼吸气体谱,从而利用模式识别原理探测不同的疾病状态。CC-MS方法中VOCs首先被离子化,基于不同的质/荷比特性,不同的VOCs逐步到达色谱柱末端。该方法既能确认与代谢过程相关的单个VOC,也能确认呼出气内所有物质,其制样与检测的时间地点相对独立,且敏感度较高。病原微生物入侵人体时,机体炎症反应可产生多种机体源性非特异性VOCs,而探索病原微生物生长代谢过程中释放的特异性VOCs,对于呼出气检测将更有意义。
本发明通过建立人体正常肺组织感染模型,采集培养瓶顶空空气的VOCs,采用GC-MS质谱仪分析其感染病原微生物特异性的标记物,找出特征性印迹谱(表1),用于区分不同的病原感染,用于感染病原的早期诊断。并在兔子肺炎动物模型上验证了病原特征性病原VOCs印迹谱。该肺炎病原特征性印迹谱可用于感染模型诊断,传感器芯片开发,肺炎感染代谢机制研究。
本发明所述的基于采用呼出气体标记物谱的常见病原菌感染所致的肺炎的诊断系统,包括人体气管呼出气体采集装置、VOCs检测装置,VOCs检测装置暴露在人体气管呼出气体采集装置中,检测得到特征性的呼吸气体谱;其特征在于:VOCs检测装置与-计算机信号连接,VOCs检测装置将特征性的呼吸气体印迹谱输入计算机,计算机中包含一个诊断模型引擎,诊断模型引擎预存有表1的肺炎感染病原特征性挥发性有机物VOCs印迹谱,
表1
“-“0,”±”<105,”+”105,”++”105,”+++”107.
诊断模型引擎特征性的呼吸气体印迹谱与表1的肺炎感染病原特征性挥发性有机物VOCs印迹谱比较,确定导致人体肺炎感染的病原菌,并输出诊断结果。
本发明的优点是:能够无创、快速诊断人体肺炎感染的致病病原菌,方便肺部疾病的早期诊断与鉴别诊断,指导抗生素使用、防止抗生素滥用等方面有良好的应用价值。
附图说明
图1是肺炎感染病原特征性挥发性有机物VOCs印迹谱。
图2是本发明的系统结构原理图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
本发明所述的基于采用呼出气体标记物谱的常见病原菌感染所致的肺炎的诊断系统,包括人体气管呼出气体采集装置、VOCs检测装置,VOCs检测装置暴露在人体气管呼出气体采集装置中,检测得到特征性的呼吸气体印迹谱;其特征在于:VOCs检测装置与-计算机信号连接,VOCs检测装置将特征性的呼吸气体印迹谱输入计算机,计算机中包含一个诊断模型引擎,诊断模型引擎预存有表1的肺炎感染病原特征性挥发性有机物VOCs印迹谱。
表1
“-“0,”±”<105,”+”105,”++”106,”+++”107.
诊断模型引擎特征性的呼吸气体印迹谱与表1的肺炎感染病原特征性挥发性有机物VOCs印迹谱比较,确定导致人体肺炎感染的病原菌,并输出诊断结果。

Claims (1)

1.基于采用呼出气体标记物谱的常见病原菌感染所致的肺炎的诊断系统,包括人体气管呼出气体采集装置、VOCs检测装置,VOCs检测装置暴露在人体气管呼出气体采集装置中,检测得到特征性的呼吸气体谱;其特征在于:VOCs检测装置与一计算机信号连接,VOCs检测装置将特征性的呼吸气体谱输入计算机,计算机中包含一个诊断模型引擎,诊断模型引擎预存有表1的肺炎感染病原特征性挥发性有机物VOCs印迹谱,
表1
诊断引擎特征性的呼吸气体谱与表1的肺炎感染病原特征性挥发性有机物VOCs印迹谱比较,确定导致人体肺炎感染的病原菌,并输出诊断结果。
CN201711426087.9A 2017-12-25 2017-12-25 基于采用呼出气体标记物谱的常见病原菌感染所致的肺炎的诊断系统 Pending CN108318590A (zh)

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Application publication date: 20180724