CN108318199A - A kind of Machine Joint Surfaces normal direction basic characteristic parameter test device and method - Google Patents
A kind of Machine Joint Surfaces normal direction basic characteristic parameter test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108318199A CN108318199A CN201711458850.6A CN201711458850A CN108318199A CN 108318199 A CN108318199 A CN 108318199A CN 201711458850 A CN201711458850 A CN 201711458850A CN 108318199 A CN108318199 A CN 108318199A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Machine Joint Surfaces normal direction basic characteristic parameter test devices, it is provided with upper Positioning holes in box roof center, positioning sleeve is fixed in the upper Positioning holes, positioning sleeve is installed with exciting rod upwards, and positioning sleeve passes downwardly through force snesor and connect with upper test specimen；Target faying face A is formed between upper test specimen lower face and lower test specimen upper surface；Lower test specimen is placed in the garden cylindrical groove of bracket upper surface, and the garden cylindrical groove of bracket positions lower test specimen, and bracket lower end is put in barrel bore, and sleeve is fixed in the lower Positioning holes of babinet intermediate plate center；Non-contact micro-displacement sensor and accelerometer one are installed on upper test specimen, accelerometer two is installed on lower test specimen.The invention also discloses a kind of Machine Joint Surfaces normal direction basic characteristic parameter test methods.The device of the invention is simple in structure, method is easy to implement, convenient for research faying face static and dynamic c haracteristics mechanism and obtains Contact characteristics parameter.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to machine tool structure basic characteristic technical field of measurement and test, are related to a kind of Machine Joint Surfaces normal direction basic characteristic
Parameter test device, the invention further relates to a kind of Machine Joint Surfaces normal direction basic characteristic parameter test methods.
Background technology
Faying face is present between two connected pieces, and Contact characteristics have non-linear, audient's multifactor impact, external
Studies have shown that the 70-90% of the 55% of complete machine tool rigidity, damping is derived from faying face, exist in the mechanical systems such as numerically-controlled machine tool
A large amount of faying face, Contact characteristics are very big on the influence of complete machine tool performance, therefore study faying face basic characteristic to carrying
Complete machine tool performance is risen to be of great significance.
In the grinding machine structure design stage, Contact characteristics number must be had by establishing machine tool structure static and dynamic performance analysis model
According to the support in library, the accuracy for calculating analysis just can guarantee, therefore the accurate Contact characteristics data that rationally test out are crucial.It passes
System method is to carry out parameter identification to the faying face of a large-size structure to obtain Contact characteristics parameter, the combination obtained
Face characterisitic parameter is not only closely related with the structure size, but also related to mathematical model used by identification, therefore measure
It is difficult in conjunction with face data general.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Machine Joint Surfaces normal direction basic characteristic parameter test devices, solve existing skill
In art, science, inaccurate, poor universality do not lack knot to Contact characteristics parameter detecting in the prediction of complete machine tool Static and dynamic performance
The problem of conjunction face characterisitic parameter.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of Machine Joint Surfaces normal direction basic characteristic parameter test methods.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is a kind of Machine Joint Surfaces normal direction basic characteristic parameter test device, in babinet
Roof center position is provided with upper Positioning holes, and positioning sleeve is fixed in the upper Positioning holes, and positioning sleeve is installed with exciting rod upwards,
Positioning sleeve passes downwardly through force snesor and is connect with upper test specimen；Target is formed between upper test specimen lower face and lower test specimen upper surface to be combined
Face A；Lower test specimen is placed in the garden cylindrical groove of bracket upper surface, and the garden cylindrical groove of bracket positions lower test specimen, support
Seat lower end is put in barrel bore, and sleeve is fixed in the lower Positioning holes of babinet intermediate plate center；Pacify on upper test specimen
Equipped with non-contact micro-displacement sensor and accelerometer one, accelerometer two is installed on lower test specimen.
Another technical solution that the present invention uses is a kind of Machine Joint Surfaces normal direction basic characteristic parameter test method, base
In above-mentioned test device, implement according to the following steps：
Establish following relational expression：
In formula (1), α, β are experiment coefficient, abbreviation faying face normal direction static basis characterisitic parameter；
By formula (1), by face pressure PnTo deforming λnDerivation obtains the normal direction Static stiffness K of following faying facenWith face pressure Pn's
Relational expression：
In formula (2), c, m are coefficient；
It is listed below kinetics equation：
Wherein, f is extraneous exciting force, is measured by force snesor；fnFor faying face normal direction dynamic force；M is upper test specimen
Quality；For the vibration acceleration of upper test specimen, measured by accelerometer one；cnIt is damped for faying face normal direction；knFor faying face normal direction
Dynamic stiffness；For the vibration velocity of faying face A, xnFor the vibration displacement of faying face A；
When extraneous exciting force f is simple harmonic quantity power, then enable：
fn=Fncosωt (5)
Wherein, FnFor the amplitude of faying face normal direction dynamic force；ω is excited frequency；T is time variable；xnFor faying face method
To vibration displacement；XnFor the amplitude of faying face normal vibration displacement；For faying face normal vibration displacement xnWith faying face normal force
fnBetween phase difference,
Faying face normal vibration speed is obtained by formula (6)
Formula (5), (6), (7) are brought into formula (4), unit area faying face dynamic stiffness and Damping calculating formula are obtained：
In formula (9),
In formula (10), F is the amplitude of extraneous exciting force f；S is the area of target faying face,
Find out from formula (8), formula (9), formula (10), the quality m and excited frequency ω of upper test specimen it is known thatPass through accelerometer
One measures, and extraneous amplitude of exciting force F is measured by force snesor；Faying face vibration displacement XnPass through non-contact micro-displacement sensor
It measures；Pass through fnPhase difference and x relative to fnIt is acquired relative to the phase difference of f；Unit area knot is calculated by formula (8)
Conjunction face Normal dynamic stiffness, while the damping of unit area faying face normal direction is calculated by formula (9).
The invention has the advantages that when applying the exciting force of certain frequency to upper test specimen by exciting rod, pass through power
Sensor can measure the size of exciting force, and the vibration that upper test specimen can be measured by the accelerometer one being fixed on upper test specimen adds
Speed can measure the vibration acceleration of lower test specimen by the accelerometer two being fixed on lower test specimen, pass through non-contact micro-displacement
Sensor can measure the amplitude size of target faying face, and unit area can be calculated by mathematical model according to above- mentioned information
The damping of faying face and dynamic stiffness.The test device can be combined the test of the static and dynamic c haracteristics in face, structure simultaneously
It is simple and convenient to operate.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of test device of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the deformation of joint surface that test method of the present invention obtains and the relation curve of face pressure；
Fig. 3 is the relation curve of faying face Static stiffness and face pressure that test method of the present invention obtains；
Fig. 4 is test method faying face normal dynamic characteristics parameter computation model of the present invention.
In figure, 1. exciting rods, 2. positioning sleeves, 3. babinets, 4. force snesors, test specimen on 5., 6. non-contact micro-displacement sensings
Device, 7. times test specimens, 8. brackets, 9. sleeves, 10. steel balls, 11. screw rods, 12. accelerometers two, 13. accelerometers one.
Specific implementation mode
Invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Currently invention addresses the acquisition methods and device scheme of unit area faying face normal direction static and dynamic performance parameter, lead to
It crosses and applies different normal force to the faying face of some scale area, obtain its corresponding deformation of joint surface value, draw its combination
Relation curve between face face pressure and normal deformation can obtain its functional relation by fitting, and then by the function
The Static stiffness of the different sides pressure of the faying face is determined in relationship derivation, and here it is the static characteristic parameters of faying face, tie here
Conjunction face face pressure is exactly the pressure on unit area faying face.
When faying face is maintained under certain face pressure, apply the harmonic excitation power of certain frequency, the faying face to the faying face
Damping and dynamic stiffness can be generated, by testing the acceleration value of the faying face and the amplitude of faying face, you can obtain the knot
Conjunction face dynamic stiffness and damping value, here it is the dynamic characteristic parameters of faying face.What it is due to present invention experiment acquisition is unit area
Normal direction static and dynamic c haracteristics parameter on faying face, i.e. faying face normal direction be quiet, dynamic basis characterisitic parameter, therefore can be in difference
It is used in the parsing of scale Contact characteristics, there is versatility, solved in the prediction of complete machine tool Static and dynamic performance and lack faying face
The problem of characterisitic parameter.
Referring to Fig.1, the structure of test device of the present invention is to be provided with upper Positioning holes in 3 roof center position of babinet, fixed on this
Position is fixed with positioning sleeve 2 in hole, and positioning sleeve 2 is installed with exciting rod 1 upwards, positioning sleeve 2 pass downwardly through force snesor 4 with it is upper
Test specimen 5 connects, it is ensured that upper test specimen 5 and the top location hole of babinet 3 are coaxial；Between 5 lower face of upper test specimen and lower 7 upper surface of test specimen
Form target faying face A；Lower test specimen 7 is placed in the garden cylindrical groove of 8 upper surface of bracket, and the garden cylindrical groove of bracket 8 is under
Test specimen 7 is positioned, and 8 lower end of bracket, which is put in, realizes that positioning, sleeve 9 are fixed on 3 intermediate plate centre bit of babinet in 9 inner cavity of sleeve
In the lower Positioning holes set, ensure that lower test specimen 7 and the lower Positioning holes in babinet 3 are coaxial in this way；The lower part of 9 inner cavity of sleeve passes through screw thread
Screw rod 11 is installed, contact surface is provided with steel ball 10 between 8 lower end of 11 upper surface of screw rod and bracket；It is installed on upper test specimen 5
There are non-contact micro-displacement sensor 6 and accelerometer 1, accelerometer 2 12 is installed on lower test specimen 7.
Since the upper Positioning holes and lower Positioning holes of babinet 3 are coaxial, 3 upper Positioning holes of babinet pass through positioning sleeve 2 and force snesor
4, lower Positioning holes ensure upper test specimen 5 and about 7 lower test specimen coaxially to just, to ensure target by sleeve 9 and bracket 8 together
Pressure on faying face A is evenly distributed, that is, keeps face pressure uniform；Screw rod 11 turns upward lifting, by steel ball 10, bracket 8, under
Test specimen 7 gives force effect to target faying face A, to make faying face A effects have uniform face pressure；
Screw rod 11 is by steel ball 10 and the effect of bracket 8 to lower test specimen 7, since steel ball 10 is located on axle center, the torsion of screw rod 11
Square is not only passed less than on bracket 8, but also added load acts on axial line, to ensure that lower test specimen 7 is formed with upper test specimen 5
Target faying face there was only normal direction face pressure, and ensure that faying face face pressure is evenly distributed.
So that faying face is generated normal direction face pressure from the lower section of babinet 3 by lower test specimen 7, and passes through upper examination in the top of babinet 3
Part 5 makes faying face generate different exciting force effects, ensures that static and dynamic experiment does not interfere with one another, is convenient for experimental implementation.
By on upper test specimen 5 fixed non-contact micro-displacement sensor 6 measure the deformation λ of target faying face An；It is logical
It crosses force snesor 4 and measures faying face stress size, the size of the power measured divided by faying face A be can be obtained into faying face
Face pressure Pn, to draw out deformation of joint surface λnWith face pressure PnChange curve, and then pass through approximating method opening relationships letter
Number, passes through face pressure PnTo deforming λnDerivation obtains the Static stiffness K of faying facenWith face pressure PnRelation function.
When applying the exciting force of certain frequency to upper test specimen 5 by exciting rod 1, is measured by force snesor 4 and swashed at this time
Power of shaking size measures 5 vibration acceleration of upper test specimen, by being fixed on down by the accelerometer 1 being fixed on upper test specimen 5
Accelerometer 2 12 on test specimen 7 measures the vibration acceleration of lower test specimen 7, and combination is measured by non-contact micro-displacement sensor 6
The amplitude size of face A can calculate damping and the dynamic stiffness of faying face A according to above- mentioned information by mathematical model.
With reference to Fig. 2, test method of the invention is implemented according to the following steps：
Deformation of joint surface λnWith faying face face pressure Pn, related data is measured using above-mentioned apparatus structure, then to measured
Data carry out exponential fitting, establish following relational expression：
In formula (1), α, β are experiment coefficient, are had with material, heat treatment condition, roughness, the lubricant medium of faying face A etc.
It closes, abbreviation faying face normal direction static basis characterisitic parameter,
With reference to Fig. 3, by formula (1), by face pressure PnTo deforming λnDerivation obtains the normal direction Static stiffness K of following faying facenWith
Face pressure PnRelational expression：
In formula (2), c, m are coefficient,
With reference to Fig. 4, it is listed below kinetics equation：
Wherein, f is extraneous exciting force, is measured by force snesor 4；fnFor faying face normal direction dynamic force；M is upper test specimen 5
Quality；For the vibration acceleration of upper test specimen 5, measured by accelerometer 1；cnIt is damped for faying face normal direction；knTo combine
Face Normal dynamic stiffness；For the vibration velocity of faying face A, xnFor the vibration displacement of faying face A；
When extraneous exciting force f is simple harmonic quantity power, then enable：
fn=Fn cosωt (5)
Wherein, FnFor the amplitude of faying face normal direction dynamic force；ω is excited frequency；T is time variable；xnFor faying face method
To vibration displacement；XnFor the amplitude of faying face normal vibration displacement；For faying face normal vibration displacement xnWith faying face normal force
fnBetween phase difference,
Faying face normal vibration speed is obtained by formula (6)
Formula (5), (6), (7) are brought into formula (4), unit area faying face dynamic stiffness and Damping calculating formula are obtained：
In formula (9),
In formula (10), F is the amplitude of extraneous exciting force f；S is the area of target faying face,
Find out from formula (8), formula (9), formula (10), the quality m and excited frequency ω of upper test specimen 5 be it is known,By adding
Speedometer 1 measures, and extraneous amplitude of exciting force F is measured by force snesor 4；Faying face vibration displacement XnBy non-contact micro-
Displacement sensor 6 measures；Pass through fnPhase difference and x relative to fnIt is acquired relative to the phase difference of f；Therefore it is based on this hair
Bright above-mentioned test device calculates unit area faying face Normal dynamic stiffness by formula (8), while calculating unit by formula (9)
Area faying face normal direction damps.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of Machine Joint Surfaces normal direction basic characteristic parameter test device, it is characterised in that：It is opened in box roof center
There are upper Positioning holes, positioning sleeve is fixed in the upper Positioning holes, positioning sleeve is installed with exciting rod upwards, and positioning sleeve passes downwardly through
Force snesor is connect with upper test specimen；Target faying face A is formed between upper test specimen lower face and lower test specimen upper surface；Lower test specimen is placed
In the garden cylindrical groove of bracket upper surface, the garden cylindrical groove of bracket positions lower test specimen, and bracket lower end puts in set
In tube inner chamber, sleeve is fixed in the lower Positioning holes of babinet intermediate plate center；Non-contact microbit is installed on upper test specimen
Displacement sensor and accelerometer one, are equipped with accelerometer two on lower test specimen.
2. Machine Joint Surfaces normal direction basic characteristic parameter test device according to claim 1, it is further characterized in that：It is described
Babinet upper Positioning holes and lower Positioning holes it is coaxial.
3. Machine Joint Surfaces normal direction basic characteristic parameter test device according to claim 1, it is further characterized in that：It is described
The lower part of barrel bore screw rod is equipped with by screw thread, contact surface is provided with steel between screw rod upper surface and bracket lower end
Ball.
4. a kind of Machine Joint Surfaces normal direction basic characteristic parameter test method, based on any test dresses of claim 1-3
It sets, which is characterized in that implement according to the following steps：
Establish following relational expression：
In formula (1), α, β are to test coefficient, abbreviation faying face normal direction static basis characterisitic parameter,
By formula (1), by face pressure PnTo deforming λnDerivation obtains the normal direction Static stiffness K of following faying facenWith face pressure PnRelationship
Formula：
In formula (2), c, m are coefficient,
It is listed below kinetics equation：
Wherein, f is extraneous exciting force, is measured by force snesor；fnFor faying face normal direction dynamic force；M is the quality of upper test specimen；For the vibration acceleration of upper test specimen, measured by accelerometer one；cnIt is damped for faying face normal direction；knIt is dynamic rigid for faying face normal direction
Degree；For the vibration velocity of faying face A, xnFor the vibration displacement of faying face A；
When extraneous exciting force f is simple harmonic quantity power, then enable：
fn=Fncosωt (5)
Wherein, FnFor the amplitude of faying face normal direction dynamic force；ω is excited frequency；T is time variable；xnIt shakes for faying face normal direction
Dynamic displacement；XnFor the amplitude of faying face normal vibration displacement；For faying face normal vibration displacement xnWith faying face normal force fnIt
Between phase difference,
Faying face normal vibration speed is obtained by formula (6)
Formula (5), (6), (7) are brought into formula (4), unit area faying face dynamic stiffness and Damping calculating formula are obtained：
In formula (9),
In formula (10), F is the amplitude of extraneous exciting force f；S is the area of target faying face,
Find out from formula (8), formula (9), formula (10), the quality m and excited frequency ω of upper test specimen it is known thatIt is surveyed by accelerometer one
, extraneous amplitude of exciting force F is measured by force snesor；Faying face vibration displacement XnIt is surveyed by non-contact micro-displacement sensor
；Pass through fnPhase difference and x relative to fnIt is acquired relative to the phase difference of f；Unit area is calculated by formula (8) to combine
Face Normal dynamic stiffness, while the damping of unit area faying face normal direction is calculated by formula (9).
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| CN111122430A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-05-08 | 沈阳理工大学 | Device and method for measuring parameters of coated joint surface |
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