CN108317396B - Electric heating relieving simulator for wax blockage of underwater crude oil pipeline - Google Patents
Electric heating relieving simulator for wax blockage of underwater crude oil pipeline Download PDFInfo
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- CN108317396B CN108317396B CN201810252351.XA CN201810252351A CN108317396B CN 108317396 B CN108317396 B CN 108317396B CN 201810252351 A CN201810252351 A CN 201810252351A CN 108317396 B CN108317396 B CN 108317396B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
- F17D1/16—Facilitating the conveyance of liquids or effecting the conveyance of viscous products by modification of their viscosity
- F17D1/18—Facilitating the conveyance of liquids or effecting the conveyance of viscous products by modification of their viscosity by heating
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Abstract
The application discloses an electric heating releasing simulation device for wax blockage of an underwater crude oil pipeline, which comprises a wax oil preparation and loading and unloading system, a direct electric heating system and a measuring system, wherein a heating power supply is directly connected with a test pipeline section to form a current loop together, and a plurality of sensors for collecting information are arranged on the test pipeline section. The device has the functions of simulating the blockage removal process under different heating powers, different pipeline heat insulating materials and different water quality conditions, pipeline stop conveying temperature drop process and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a device for simulating removal of a wax plug in a pipe, in particular to an electric heating release simulator for the wax plug of an underwater crude oil pipeline.
Background
At present, the marine oil and gas yield keeps a rapid growth situation all the time, and the crude oil produced in the sea area contains more than 80% of wax, and is characterized by more wax and high condensation point, and the problem of serious flow safety guarantee is faced in the submarine pipeline conveying process.
Wax crystals in the waxy crude oil can be attached to the inner wall of a pipeline and form a wax precipitation layer under the actions of molecular diffusion, shearing dispersion, gravity sedimentation or Brownian motion and the like in the transportation process. The wax deposition layer also contains colloid, asphaltene, sand and other mechanical impurities, and liquid hydrocarbon bound in the wax crystal grid. On the one hand, the existence of the wax precipitation layer increases the heat resistance of oil flowing to the inner wall of the pipe, so that the total heat transfer coefficient of the pipe is reduced, on the other hand, the wax precipitation reduces the flow area of the pipe, increases the friction resistance, reduces the conveying capacity and tends to increase the running cost. Regular cleaning of wax-bearing crude oil pipelines is required in production to remove the wax deposit, with the most common method being mechanical cleaning using a pig.
The pipe cleaner takes the flow pressure difference of crude oil in the pipe as the driving force to move forward in the pipe, scrapes down the paraffin precipitation layer along the way and is piled up in the front part of the pipe cleaner, when the paraffin precipitation layer in the pipe is thicker or the paraffin precipitation amount is larger, the paraffin blockage is most likely to be caused in the front part of the pipe cleaner, the flow safety of the pipeline is seriously endangered, and huge economic loss is caused. For wax blockage caused by such situations, the traditional blockage removing modes comprise blockage removing by filling chemical agents, gas lift, explosion and blockage removing and the like. However, the chemical agent is filled to pollute crude oil in the pipe, and the chemical agent is filtered and then injected when the pipe is recycled; gas lift and blast unblocking can jeopardize the integrity of the pipeline. In a word, traditional unblocking mode receives the influence of various limitations, unblocking is with high costs and the effect is all unsatisfactory.
In contrast, the electric heating mode has the advantages of zero emission, zero pollution, no use of chemical agents, no influence on the integrity of the pipeline and quick response. The electric heating method can be divided into indirect electric heating and direct electric heating, and adopts an indirect electric heating pipeline, and the heating equipment is required to be installed before the pipeline is laid. However, the direct electric heating connection mode, namely, the electrodes are directly connected at the two ends of the blocked pipe section, can be directly and conveniently arranged on the common pipeline which is put into use, is more suitable for the emergency blocking removal requirement of the traditional pipeline, and has multiple successfully implemented blocking removal cases on land. However, the method has no corresponding theoretical research and practical experience on the aspect of blocking removal of the underwater pipeline.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide an electric heating release simulation device for wax blocking of an underwater crude oil pipeline.
The application aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
the application relates to an electric heating releasing simulation device for wax blockage of an underwater crude oil pipeline, which comprises a wax oil preparation and loading and unloading system, a direct electric heating system and a measuring system;
the wax oil preparation and loading and unloading system comprises a constant-temperature water bath box, a recovery tank and a test tube section;
the two ends of the test tube section are respectively provided with a flange, namely an A flange and a B flange, four connectors are formed on the A flange, a ventilation and drainage pipeline, a high-temperature pressure sensor, an industrial endoscope and a wax oil loading and unloading pipeline are respectively installed, a drainage needle valve is arranged on the ventilation and drainage pipeline, a needle valve, a plunger pump and a ball valve are arranged on the wax oil loading and unloading pipeline, a probe type K thermocouple is installed on the B flange, and a patch type thermocouple is installed on the wall of the test tube section;
during wax oil loading and heating test, the tail end of the ventilation and drainage pipeline is provided with a beaker, and the tail end of the wax oil loading and unloading pipeline is connected with the constant-temperature water bath box;
when wax oil is unloaded, the beaker is removed, the tail end of the ventilation and drainage pipeline is higher than the flange B, and the tail end of the wax oil loading and unloading pipeline is connected with the recovery tank;
the test tube section is arranged in the simulated seawater in the pool, two ends of the test tube section are respectively hung on the hanging bracket through steel wire ropes, and the steel wire ropes at the two ends are respectively provided with a length adjusting device.
According to the technical scheme provided by the application, the device for simulating the electric heating relief of the wax blockage of the underwater crude oil pipeline provided by the embodiment of the application utilizes the heat conduction property of the pipeline wall to perform emergency blockage relief on the underwater wax-containing crude oil pipeline according to the direct electric heating principle, can simulate the blockage relief process and rules of various working conditions, and can record key data in real time for subsequent analysis.
Drawings
FIG. 1a is a schematic diagram of wax oil preparation and loading system-loading operation connection according to an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 1b is a schematic diagram of a wax oil preparation and loading/unloading system-unloading operation connection according to an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a direct electrical heating and measuring system connection according to an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 3 is a layout of the A flange during direct electrical heating testing in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 a-4 c are respectively layout diagrams of the uniform distribution, horizontal distribution and circumferential distribution of the B flange in the direct electric heating test according to the embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the placement of thermocouples on the tube wall during direct electrical heating testing in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the current distribution during direct electrical heating test according to an embodiment of the present application.
The icon illustrates:
1. the device comprises a constant-temperature water bath box, 2, a recovery tank, 3, a ball valve, 4, a plunger pump, 5, an A flange, 6, a test tube section, 7, a steel wire rope, 8, a hanging bracket, 9, a water tank, 10, a B flange, 11, a needle valve, 12, a measuring cup, 13, a high-temperature pressure sensor, 14, a probe type K thermocouple, 15, a patch type thermocouple, 16, an industrial endoscope, 17, a leakage needle valve, 18, an auto-coupling voltage-regulating rectifying power supply, 19, a data collector, 20 and a computer.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail below. What is not described in detail in the embodiments of the present application belongs to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.
The application relates to an electric heating release simulation device for wax blockage of an underwater crude oil pipeline, which comprises the following preferred specific embodiments:
the device comprises a wax oil preparation and loading and unloading system, a direct electric heating system and a measuring system;
the wax oil preparation and loading and unloading system comprises a constant-temperature water bath box, a recovery tank and a test tube section;
the two ends of the test tube section are respectively provided with a flange, namely an A flange and a B flange, four connectors are formed on the A flange, a ventilation and drainage pipeline, a high-temperature pressure sensor, an industrial endoscope and a wax oil loading and unloading pipeline are respectively installed, a drainage needle valve is arranged on the ventilation and drainage pipeline, a needle valve, a plunger pump and a ball valve are arranged on the wax oil loading and unloading pipeline, a probe type K thermocouple is installed on the B flange, and a patch type thermocouple is installed on the wall of the test tube section;
during wax oil loading and heating test, the tail end of the ventilation and drainage pipeline is provided with a beaker, and the tail end of the wax oil loading and unloading pipeline is connected with the constant-temperature water bath box;
when wax oil is unloaded, the beaker is removed, the tail end of the ventilation and drainage pipeline is higher than the flange B, and the tail end of the wax oil loading and unloading pipeline is connected with the recovery tank;
the test tube section is arranged in the simulated seawater in the pool, two ends of the test tube section are respectively hung on the hanging bracket through steel wire ropes, and the steel wire ropes at the two ends are respectively provided with a length adjusting device.
The direct electric heating system comprises an auto-coupling voltage-regulating rectifying power supply, and two poles of the auto-coupling voltage-regulating rectifying power supply are respectively arranged at two ends of the test tube section in a winding mode through cables.
And after the cable is wound around the outer wall of the test pipe section for a circle, the insulating rubber at the tail part of the cable at the winding end is peeled off, so that the lead is in direct contact with the outer wall of the test pipe section and is fixed on the outer wall of the test pipe section by using an insulating tape, the winding part is also fixed with the outer wall of the test pipe section by using the insulating tape, and finally, simulated seawater is injected into the pool until the test pipe section is over.
The four interfaces of the flange A are arranged on the central line of the flange A in the vertical direction, and are a point a, a point b, a point c and a point d sequentially from top to bottom;
the point a is close to the top of the flange and is an air hole and a drainage hole and is a mounting point of the ventilation drainage pipeline;
b points are positioned between the points a and c and are mounting points of the high-temperature pressure sensor (13);
c is positioned at the center of the flange and is the insertion point of the industrial endoscope (16);
and the point d is right below the point c and is a mounting point of the wax oil loading and unloading pipeline.
13 probe type K thermocouple sensors are arranged on the flange B, and the probe type K thermocouple sensors are uniformly distributed on the flange or horizontally arranged on the section or uniformly distributed on the concentric circumference.
And selecting four directions of an upper direction, a lower direction, a left direction and a right direction of a certain section of the test tube section, and respectively arranging 4 patch thermocouples on the outer wall of the test tube section.
The measurement system comprises a computer, and the high-temperature pressure sensor, the probe type K thermocouple, the patch thermocouple and the industrial endoscope are connected to the computer through a data collector.
The flange is made of stainless steel or organic glass.
The theoretical basis of the application is:
in order to apply the electric heating method to the failure relief of the underwater wax plug, the distribution characteristic of a temperature field and a time-varying rule thereof in the wax plug melting process are ascertained from the phase-change heat transfer melting mechanism aiming at different working conditions, and the mathematical correlation between the electric heating intensity and the wax plug melting time is established on the basis, so that more accurate scientific basis is provided for the safe plug relief, energy conservation and emission reduction of the pipeline.
When the electric heating is used for blocking, the axial temperature gradient is far smaller than the radial temperature gradient and can be ignored, so that the three-dimensional model is simplified, only the phase change condition on the cross section of the two-dimensional pipeline is concerned, and the melting phase change of the wax block is still a complex process. First, the object for heat exchange and the heat transfer method thereof include: the heat transfer mode is forced convection heat transfer; the heat transfer mode between the inner wall of the pipe and the wax plug is heat conduction, the heat transfer mode between the solid wax plug and the liquid melt thereof is natural convection heat exchange, and it is noted that the melting phase change of the wax plug is a continuous process and the phase change occurs in a wider temperature range, so that the interface between the solid phase and the liquid phase is actually a solid-liquid mixing area, namely a fuzzy area, which is an important concern of theoretical research. In addition, a small amount of gas exists in the pipeline, a cavity is formed at the top of the pipeline, and the temperature field change during unblocking is also influenced.
Based on the analysis, the research method adopted by the application comprises theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental study, the reasonable theoretical analysis is the precondition of the numerical simulation and experimental study, the numerical simulation and the experimental study are mutually complementary and mutually verified, and the result can deepen the theoretical analysis. Therefore, for the direct electric heating blocking removal measure of the underwater pipeline, after a great deal of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are carried out, corresponding experimental research is required to be carried out so as to test and analyze the feasibility and reliability of direct electric heating, and the accuracy of the numerical simulation and the scientificity of the theoretical model are checked. Therefore, the application provides a laboratory research device which is used for simulating the direct electric heating emergency blocking removal rule of the underwater waxy crude oil pipeline and developing corresponding theoretical research.
The device for simulating the electric heating relief of the wax plug of the underwater crude oil pipeline has the functions of simulating the temperature field change, the plug relief time, the efficiency of a heat preservation layer, the conductivity of seawater, the solidification process of crude oil after pipeline transportation stop and the like in the plug relief process. Overcomes the defect of insufficient theory and experience in the aspect of melting the wax blockage of the underwater wax-containing crude oil pipeline in the existing direct electric heating theory.
The application relates to a device for directly electrically heating and removing wax blockage of an underwater crude oil pipeline, which comprises a wax oil preparation and loading and unloading system, a direct electric heating system and a measuring system.
The wax oil preparation and loading and unloading system comprises a constant-temperature water bath box, a recovery tank, a plunger pump and a test tube section. The wax oil is prepared in a constant temperature water bath box and is prepared by mixing liquid paraffin and white oil according to a certain proportion (the wax content is 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% respectively). When wax is filled, the output end of the constant-temperature water bath box is connected with the input end of the plunger pump, and the output end of the plunger pump is connected with the input end of the test tube section. When wax oil is discharged, the input end of the test tube section is changed into an output end, the output end of the test tube section is connected with the input end of the plunger pump, and the output end of the plunger pump is connected with the input end of the recovery tank.
The direct electric heating system consists of a test pipe section, a flange, a hanging bracket, a water tank and a heating power supply. The test pipe section is made of stainless steel, the pipe diameter is optimized according to experimental requirements, the pipe section can be disassembled to install a series of pipelines with different pipe diameters, and the heat preservation layer can be replaced by the heat preservation layer, the heat preservation layer and the material; the flange is pre-provided with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, an industrial endoscope and a pressure relief opening, and is made of stainless steel or organic glass, and different materials are optimized according to experimental requirements; the hanger is provided with a steel wire rope with adjustable length, the steel wire rope is connected with flanges on two sides of the test pipe section, and the pipeline is hung in the water tank to simulate the underwater environment; the preparation of the underwater environment is to add a certain proportion of components such as sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, potassium chloride and the like into purified water to prepare artificial seawater; the heating power supply is selected from a coupling voltage-regulating rectifying power supply, the type of power supply has the remarkable advantages of less material consumption, low cost, small occupied area and high output power, and can rectify alternating current input by an original party into direct current, so that high-power direct current can be provided for the system, the self-coupling voltage-regulating rectifying power supply and a test pipe section are connected through a cable to form a closed circuit loop, and when the direct current passes through the pipeline, the pipeline generates joule heat by utilizing the self resistance of the pipeline to provide heat for melting wax plugs in the pipeline.
The measuring system consists of a thermocouple sensor, a high-temperature pressure sensor, an industrial endoscope, a data acquisition device and a computer. The thermocouple sensor comprises a probe type K thermocouple and a patch type thermocouple, and can respectively measure the temperature of the medium in the pipe and the temperature of the outer wall of the pipe. The probe type K thermocouples are arranged on a flange A at one side of non-wax oil input/output through threaded connection according to a certain arrangement mode, and the patch type thermocouples are adhered to the outer wall of the pipeline through high-temperature-resistant glue to play a role in current insulation with the pipe wall; the high-temperature pressure sensor and the industrial endoscope are connected and arranged on a flange B at one side provided with a wax oil input/output port through threads. The thermocouple, the high-temperature pressure sensor, the industrial endoscope and the computer are connected through a data acquisition device.
The beneficial effects of the application are as follows:
the method can simulate the blockage removal process and pipeline transportation stop temperature drop process under various working conditions by changing parameters such as heating power, heat preservation layer materials, medium components, underwater environment and the like, and obtain data such as temperature field change, blockage removal time, heat preservation layer efficiency, seawater conductivity and the like through various sensor combination modes, thereby laying a foundation for theoretical research and popularization and application of the technology.
Specific examples:
1. construction of simulation device
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the application provides an electric heating releasing simulation device for wax blockage of an underwater crude oil pipeline, which comprises a wax oil preparation and loading and unloading system, a direct electric heating system and a measuring system.
Figures 1 a-1 b illustrate a wax oil preparation and handling system that is used to prepare, deliver, or withdraw wax oil into or from a test tube section. When wax oil is prepared and loaded, the system comprises a constant-temperature water bath box 1, a plunger pump 4 and a test tube section 6; when wax oil is unloaded, the system comprises a recovery tank 2, a plunger pump 4 and a test tube section 6. The two are connected through stainless steel pipelines in a threaded way, and a ball valve 3 is arranged between the constant-temperature water bath 1 (the recovery tank 2) and the plunger pump 4, and a needle valve 11 is arranged between the plunger pump 4 and the test tube section 6.
In the following description, the flange 5 is one end connected to the plunger pump 4, and the flange 10 is the corresponding other end flange. Before the flanges are fixed at two ends of the pipe section, four connectors are opened on the flange A, and a ventilation drainage pipeline, a high-temperature pressure sensor 13, an industrial endoscope 16 and a wax oil loading and unloading pipeline are respectively installed. For the convenience of observation, the flange A is made of transparent organic glass; the B flange is provided with a probe type K thermocouple 14; a patch thermocouple 15 is mounted on the tube wall. During wax oil loading and heating test, the tail end of the drainage needle valve 17 is provided with a beaker 12, so that on one hand, air and redundant wax oil are conveniently discharged, whether the wax oil is full of the test pipe section 6 is judged, on the other hand, the volume of the wax oil overflowed due to thermal expansion, particularly rapid phase change expansion during the heating is dynamically collected during the heating blocking removal test, and the mass is weighed in real time. When the wax oil is unloaded, the beaker 12 is removed, only the vent pipe is reserved, the height of the vent pipe is ensured to be higher than that of the flange B, so that the air pressure balance inside and outside the test pipeline 6 is kept, and the wax oil is conveniently discharged.
On the basis, the test pipe section 6 is suspended by the steel wire ropes 7 on the hanging frame 8, the pipe section is in an inclined state by adjusting the lengths of the steel wire ropes on two sides, the inclination angle change of an actual pipeline is simulated, and the wax oil is convenient to assemble and disassemble.
Fig. 2 is a direct electrical heating system and measurement system. After the wax oil in the tube is completely solidified, the high-temperature pressure sensor 13, the probe type K thermocouple 14, the patch type thermocouple 15 and the industrial endoscope 16 are connected to the computer 20 through the data collector 19 for recording corresponding data. Two stages of the self-coupling voltage-regulating rectifying power supply 18 are installed at two ends of the test tube section 6 in a winding manner through cables, and the specific method is as follows: after the cable is wound along the outer wall of the pipe section for a circle, the insulating rubber at the tail part of the cable at the winding end is peeled off, so that the lead is in direct contact with the outer wall of the test pipe section and is fixed on the outer wall of the pipe section by using the insulating tape, and the winding part is also fixed with the outer wall of the pipe section by using the insulating tape. Finally, water is injected into the water tank 9 until the water does not pass through the test pipe section, and the injected water can be added with components such as sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, potassium chloride and the like in a certain proportion according to the test requirement to be automatically blended, so that the seawater is simulated.
The simulation device is mainly used for scientific research, so that a measurement system of the simulation device is a key component of the simulation device. The sensors in the measuring system are mainly distributed on flanges and pipe walls at two ends of the test pipe section. The distribution of the sensors in the measurement system is described in detail below.
Fig. 3 is a layout of the a flange 5 in the direct electrical heating test. The point a is close to the top of the flange, is an air hole and a drain hole, and is provided with a needle valve 17; b points are positioned between the points a and c and are mounting points of the high-temperature pressure sensor 13; c is the center of the flange and is the insertion point of the industrial endoscope 16; the point d is a mounting point of a wax oil loading and unloading pipeline and is arranged right below the point c and is provided with a needle valve 11. Specifically, one end of the point a needle valve 17 is connected to the flange A5 through threads, and the other end of the point a needle valve is connected with the beaker through a pipeline during wax oil loading and heating test, so that on one hand, air and surplus wax oil can be conveniently discharged, whether the wax oil is full of the test pipe section 6 is judged, and on the other hand, the volume and the mass of the overflowed wax oil due to thermal expansion during electric heating are received and measured; and d, connecting the wax oil loading and unloading pipeline connected with the point d, connecting with the test pipe section 6 during wax oil loading and unloading, and dismantling during heating test to avoid heat loss.
Fig. 4 a-4 c are layout diagrams of the B flange 10 during direct electrical heating testing. And 13 probe type K thermocouple sensors 14 are planned to be installed on the flange B so as to measure the temperature field change of the cross section of the pipeline in the blocking removal process. Depending on the purpose of the temperature measurement, the distribution of thermocouple sensors includes, but is not limited to, the following three ways: as shown in fig. 4a, thermocouples are uniformly distributed on the flange for measuring the overall temperature field variation of a certain vertical section of the horizontal pipe; as shown in fig. 4b, thermocouples are horizontally arranged in cross section, and can be used for testing the layering condition of temperature; as shown in FIG. 4c, thermocouples were uniformly distributed on concentric circumferences, and could be used to test the distribution of temperature on circumferences of different radii.
The arrangement of thermocouples on the tube wall during direct electrical heating test is shown in fig. 5. Four directions of up, down, left and right of a certain section are selected, and 4 patch thermocouples 15 are respectively arranged on the outer wall of the tube to monitor the heating condition of the tube wall.
2. Universal workflow
Referring to fig. 1a to 5, the general workflow of the simulation device according to the present application is:
(1) determining wax content ratio (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%) of wax oil, and calculating the volumes of the required solid paraffin and white oil based on 1.1-1.3 times of the volume of the test tube section 6;
(2) pouring the solid paraffin into the constant-temperature water bath 1, and after the solid paraffin is melted into liquid, pouring the white oil into the constant-temperature water bath 1 and uniformly stirring with the liquid paraffin;
(3) the steel wire rope is regulated to regulate the test pipe section 6 to the state that the end of the flange A5 is inclined upwards, the ball valve 3, the needle valve 11 and the needle valve 17 are kept in the opened state, the plunger pump 4 is started, wax is pumped into the test pipe section 6, the pumping is stopped after the pipe section is filled with wax oil, and the ball valve 3, the needle valve 11 and the needle valve 17 are closed;
(4) dismantling a wax oil loading and unloading pipeline at the point d, adjusting the test pipe section 6 to be horizontal, connecting the high-temperature pressure sensor 13, the probe type K thermocouple 14, the patch type thermocouple 15 and the industrial endoscope 16 with a computer, debugging, connecting the autotransformer voltage-regulating rectifying power supply 18 with the test pipe section 6, and waiting for the wax oil to be fully solidified;
(5) after the wax oil is fully solidified, artificial seawater is injected into the pool 9, the self-coupling voltage-regulating rectifying power supply 18 is turned on and regulated to the required voltage, and the test tube section 6 heats by the Joule effect to gradually melt the internal wax plug;
(6) recording and observing data measured by each sensor in the melting process, timely opening the needle valve 17 at the point a according to the pressure data to overflow wax oil, ensuring the safety of the experiment, closing the power supply 18 and the needle valve 17 at the point a after the paraffin is completely melted, and ending the single simulation unblocking experiment;
(7) when unloading wax oil, replace the constant temperature water bath 1 with retrieving jar 2, with the input of plunger pump 4 with the output is exchanged, with the downward sloping of the A flange 5 end of test tube section 6, install the wax oil loading and unloading pipeline of d point, open ball valve 3, plunger pump 4, needle valve 11 and needle valve 17 and accomplish the recovery work of wax oil.
3. Brief description of the functions
In summary, the wax oil preparation and loading and unloading system, the direct electric heating system and the measuring system together form the simulation device in the application. By means of the simulation device, the blockage removal simulation function under multiple working conditions can be realized, and conversely, the formation process of wax blockage during pipeline transportation stop can be simulated. The main functions of the present apparatus are described in detail below.
Function one: simulating the deblocking time under constant power and the temperature field change of medium in the pipe
The simulation device has the most basic function of regulating the self-coupling voltage-regulating rectification power supply 18 to set different heating voltages, and obtaining the data of temperature field change in the pipe and the time required for unblocking under different heating powers through thermocouple sensors of different combinations arranged on the B flange 10. In addition, in order to improve the unblocking efficiency, the voltage can be properly adjusted during the heating process, and it should be noted that, in order to ensure a safe heating temperature range, the temperature change of each thermocouple 14, 15 should be closely paid attention to when adjusting the heating voltage.
The simulation flow is as follows:
steps (1) to (6) are the same as those described above.
(7) After wax oil is fully solidified, an autotransformer voltage-regulating rectifying power supply 18 is turned on, the voltage value of the autotransformer voltage-regulating rectifying power supply is regulated, wax plugs are gradually melted, data measured by each sensor in the melting process are recorded and observed, a needle valve 17 at a point a is timely opened according to the pressure data, the safety of experiments is ensured, and after the wax is completely melted, the power supply 18 and the needle valve 17 at the point a are closed;
(8) repeating the step (7) until all required data are obtained;
(9) as in step (7) in the general workflow.
And the function II: thermal insulation performance of simulated thermal insulation material
In order to reduce the energy loss in oil and gas transportation, underwater pipelines or submarine pipelines are usually provided with insulation layers, however, the insulation layers are different in material and thickness. In order to test the heat preservation performance of different heat preservation materials or compare the heating efficiency with or without heat preservation layers, keep the heating power condition of each deblocking experiment consistent, the water quality in the water tank consistent, the ambient temperature consistent, the heat preservation layer thickness consistent, etc., test pipe sections are respectively wrapped with different heat preservation materials, and the heat preservation performance is judged according to the final deblocking time.
The simulation flow is as follows:
steps (1) to (6) are the same as those described above.
(7) After the wax oil is fully solidified, lifting the test tube section 6 from water to air, wrapping a heat insulation layer with a certain thickness, sinking into a water tank 9, opening an auto-coupling voltage-regulating and rectifying power supply 18, keeping the voltage value unchanged, recording and observing data measured by each sensor in the melting process, timely opening a needle valve 17 at the point a according to the pressure data, ensuring the safety of experiments, and closing the power supply 18 and the needle valve 17 at the point a after the wax oil is completely melted;
(8) repeating the step (7), and replacing the heat preservation layers with different thicknesses and different materials each time until all required data are obtained;
(9) as in step (7) in the general workflow.
And the third function: conductivity simulating underwater environment
The water quality environment where the pipeline under the engineering water is positioned is not pure water, and the direct electric heating mode adopted by the simulation device means that not all electric energy can pass through the test pipe section 6 when the simulation device is used for heating and blocking removal, current is divided into two paths at the positive electrode where a power supply is connected with the pipeline, one part of current flows on the pipe wall, the other part of current takes water as a conductor and flows in a path parallel to the pipeline, and the two paths of current are converged at the negative electrode at the other end, as shown in fig. 6. Therefore, in order to simulate the conductivity of water in different water areas, artificial seawater (added components including sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, potassium chloride and the like) can be prepared in the water tank 9 according to specific water quality data, and after a single unblocking experiment is finished, the conductivity of the artificial seawater is calculated according to the power consumption and the heat absorption capacity.
The simulation flow is as follows:
steps (1) to (4) are the same as those described above.
(5) After the wax oil is fully solidified, artificial seawater with the lowest ion concentration in the concentration to be tested is injected into the water tank 9, the self-coupling voltage-regulating rectifying power supply 18 is turned on and regulated to the required voltage, and the test pipe section heats by the Joule effect to gradually melt the internal wax plug;
(6) recording and observing data measured by each sensor in the melting process, timely opening the needle valve 17 at the point a according to the pressure data, ensuring the safety of the experiment, closing the power supply 18 and the needle valve 17 at the point a after the paraffin is completely melted, and ending the single simulation unblocking experiment;
(7) after wax oil is fully solidified, lifting the test tube section 6 from water to air, adding various salts to the water tank 9 to the concentration level of the next stage, opening the self-coupling voltage-regulating and rectifying power supply 18, keeping the voltage value unchanged, recording and observing data measured by various sensors in the melting process, timely opening the needle valve 17 at the point a according to the pressure data, ensuring the safety of experiments, and closing the power supply 18 and the needle valve 17 at the point a after the wax oil is completely melted;
(8) repeating the step (7), proportioning the sea water in each simulation according to the ion concentration from low to high until all required data are obtained;
(9) as in step (7) in the general workflow.
Function IV: simulating the process of stopping conveying and lowering temperature
Submarine pipelines are usually subjected to planned or unexpected outage conditions during operation, and the outage can lead to the temperature in the pipeline to be reduced, so that the risk of wax blockage of the wax-containing crude oil pipeline is increased. The simulation device can also simulate the process of temperature drop of the pipe inner stop under the condition.
The simulation flow is as follows:
steps (1) to (3) are the same as those described above.
(4) Dismantling a wax oil loading and unloading pipeline, adjusting the test pipe section 6 to be horizontal, and connecting the high-temperature pressure sensor 13, the probe type K thermocouple 14, the patch thermocouple 15 and the industrial endoscope 16 with a computer and performing debugging;
(5) injecting artificial seawater into the pool 9, recording and observing data measured by each sensor in the melting process, ensuring the safety of the experiment, and completing a stop-delivery wax blocking simulation experiment after wax oil is fully solidified;
(6) when wax oil is unloaded, after the wax plug in the pipe is melted by utilizing the self-coupling voltage-regulating rectification power supply 18, the constant-temperature water bath box 1 is replaced by the recovery tank 2, the input end and the output end of the plunger pump 4 are replaced, the end A of the test pipe section 6 is inclined downwards, a wax oil loading and unloading pipeline is installed, and the ball valve 3, the plunger pump 4, the needle valve 11 and the needle valve 17 are opened to finish the unloading work of the wax oil.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present application should be included in the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (2)
1. The device is characterized by comprising a wax oil preparation and loading and unloading system, a direct electric heating system and a measuring system;
the wax oil preparation and loading and unloading system comprises a constant-temperature water bath box (1), a recovery tank (2) and a test pipe section (6);
the two ends of the test pipe section (6) are respectively provided with a flange, namely an A flange (5) and a B flange (10), the A flange (5) is provided with four interfaces, a ventilation and drainage pipeline, a high-temperature pressure sensor (13), an industrial endoscope (16) and a wax oil loading and unloading pipeline are respectively installed, the ventilation and drainage pipeline is provided with a drainage needle valve (17), the wax oil loading and unloading pipeline is provided with a needle valve (11), a plunger pump (4) and a ball valve (3), the B flange (10) is provided with a probe type K thermocouple (14), and the wall of the test pipe section (6) is provided with a patch type thermocouple (15);
the wax-containing proportion of the wax oil comprises 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%;
during wax oil loading and heating test, the tail end of the ventilation and drainage pipeline is provided with a beaker (12), and the tail end of the wax oil loading and unloading pipeline is connected with the constant-temperature water bath box (1);
removing the beaker (12) when wax oil is unloaded, wherein the tail end of the ventilation and drainage pipeline is higher than the B flange (10), and the tail end of the wax oil loading and unloading pipeline is connected with the recovery tank (2);
the test pipe section (6) is arranged in simulated seawater in the pool (9), two ends of the test pipe section are respectively hung on the hanging bracket (8) through steel wire ropes (7), and the steel wire ropes (7) at the two ends are respectively provided with a length adjusting device;
the simulated seawater comprises the added components of sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate and potassium chloride;
the direct electric heating system comprises an auto-coupling voltage-regulating rectifying power supply (18), wherein two poles of the auto-coupling voltage-regulating rectifying power supply (18) are respectively arranged at two ends of the test tube section (6) in a winding manner through cables;
after the cable is wound around the outer wall of the test tube section (6), the insulating rubber at the tail part of the cable at the winding end is peeled off, so that a lead is in direct contact with the outer wall of the test tube section (6) and is fixed on the outer wall of the test tube section (6) by using an insulating tape, the winding part is also fixed with the outer wall of the test tube section (6) by using the insulating tape, and finally, the simulated seawater is injected into the pool (9) until the test tube section (6) is over;
four interfaces of the A flange (5) are arranged on the central line of the A flange (5) in the vertical direction, and a point a, a point b, a point c and a point d are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
the point a is close to the top of the flange and is an air hole and a drainage hole and is a mounting point of the ventilation drainage pipeline;
b points are positioned between the points a and c and are mounting points of the high-temperature pressure sensor (13);
c is positioned at the center of the flange and is the insertion point of the industrial endoscope (16);
d is a mounting point of the wax oil loading and unloading pipeline and is positioned right below the point c;
13 probe type K thermocouple sensors (14) are arranged on the B flange (10), and the probe type K thermocouple sensors (14) are uniformly distributed on the flange or horizontally arranged on the section or uniformly distributed on the concentric circumference;
selecting four directions of up, down, left and right of a certain section of the test tube section (6), and respectively arranging 4 patch thermocouples (15) on the outer wall of the test tube section (6);
the measuring system comprises a computer (20), wherein the high-temperature pressure sensor (13), the probe type K thermocouple (14), the patch thermocouple (15) and the industrial endoscope (16) are connected to the computer (20) through a data collector (19);
the device can simulate the plugging removing process and the pipeline transportation stopping temperature lowering process under various working conditions by changing heating power, heat preservation materials, medium components and underwater environmental parameters, and obtain the conductive data of temperature field change, plugging removing time, heat preservation efficiency and seawater by various sensor combination modes.
2. The device for simulating the removal of wax-blocking electrical heating of an underwater crude oil pipeline according to claim 1, wherein the flanges (5, 10) are made of stainless steel or plexiglass.
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| CN110529739B (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2022-03-15 | 鞍钢化学科技有限公司 | Heating method and heating device for easy-to-solidify medium pipeline |
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| CN115112162B (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2024-07-12 | 上海电气工程设计有限公司 | Method for detecting frozen blockage in molten salt pipeline |
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