CN108307355A - A kind of method of realizing group broadcasting of LPWAN Internet of Things - Google Patents
A kind of method of realizing group broadcasting of LPWAN Internet of Things Download PDFInfo
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- CN108307355A CN108307355A CN201711393610.2A CN201711393610A CN108307355A CN 108307355 A CN108307355 A CN 108307355A CN 201711393610 A CN201711393610 A CN 201711393610A CN 108307355 A CN108307355 A CN 108307355A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
- H04W4/08—User group management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/06—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for supporting key management in a packet data network
- H04L63/065—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for supporting key management in a packet data network for group communications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/04—Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/50—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wire-line communication networks, e.g. low power modes or reduced link rate
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method of realizing group broadcasting of LPWAN networks, solve the management of multicast group, the distribution of multicast address and session key, the maintenance issues of Multicast Routing, including LoRa terminals, multiple base stations LoRa, network server, multicast application；The LoRa terminals are for receiving multicast information；The base stations LoRa are used to multicast frame being transmitted to all LoRa terminals of this base station range；The network server safeguards that multicast group is route for distributing multicast address；The multicast application is used to be responsible for the foundation and maintenance of multiple multicast groups；The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Using the method for the invention, the multicast functionality of LoRaWAN ClassB and ClassC terminals is realized, solves the problems, such as batch terminal transmitting order to lower levels simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to low-power consumption Wide Area Netweork communication fields, and in particular to a kind of LPWAN (Long Range Wide
Area Network) Internet of Things method of realizing group broadcasting.
Background technology
In communication field, there are point-to-point communication and point-to-multipoint communication two ways.Both of which has its applied field
Scape, usual major applications are all point-to-point scenes, but are point-to-multipoint scenes to certain applications.
It is communicated compared to point-to-point, the main advantage of point-to-multipoint communication is can substantially to provide communication efficiency and diffusion of information
Speed, information source side send a message, can be transmitted to multiple stay of two nights sides.
Point-to-multipoint communication is known as multicast communication.
In current data communication network and PLMN（Public Land Mobile Network：Public land mobile network
Network）In network, multicast communication is of wide application.
In LPWAN Internet of Things, there is also prodigious application prospects for multicast communication, but there is no fixed for each LPWAN specifications at present
The implementation method of adopted multicast, such as the 11.2 section Unicast ＆ of LoRaWAN V1.0.2 specifications that are formulated in LoRa alliances
The section Class C Multicast of Multicast MAC messages and 17.2 downlinks：
“Messages can be “unicast” or “multicast”. Unicast messages are sent to a
single end-device and multicast messages are sent to multiple end-devices.
All devices of a multicast group must share the same multicast address and
associated encryption keys. The LoRaWAN Class B specification does not
specify means to remotely setup such a multicast group or securely distribute
the required multicast key material. This must either be performed during the
node personalization or through the application layer.”
Translation is as follows：" message can be " unicast " or " multicast ".Unicast messages are sent to an individual equipment, multicast message
It is sent to multiple equipment.The all devices of one multicast group must share same multicast address and relevant encryption key.
LoRaWAN ClassB specifications are not defined the method remotely established this multicast group and safely distribute multicast key, this must
It must be executed in node personalization or by application layer.”
“Similarly to Class B, Class C devices may receive multicast downlink
frames. The multicast address and associated network session key and
application session key must come from the application layer. The same
limitations apply for Class C multicast downlink frames:”
Translation is as follows：" multicast downlink frame may be received by being similar to Class B, Class C terminals.Multicast address and relevant
Network session key and utility cession key have to come from application layer.”
Therefore LoRaWAN specifications are not defined the distribution method of multicast address and session key, cause actually to make
It can not be disposed in, while the development of multicast service, also the management of multicast group, the maintenance issues of QoS routing, LoRaWAN rule
Model does not provide this solution.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of method of realizing group broadcasting of LPWAN networks, solve the management of multicast group, multicast address and
The distribution of session key, the maintenance issues of Multicast Routing.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of method of realizing group broadcasting of LPWAN Internet of Things, including LoRa terminals, multiple base stations LoRa, network server, multicast are answered
With；
The LoRa terminals are for receiving multicast information；
The base stations LoRa are used to multicast frame being transmitted to all LoRa terminals of this base station range；
The network server safeguards that multicast group is route for distributing multicast address；
The multicast application is used to be responsible for the foundation and maintenance of multiple multicast groups；
It is characterized in that, the multicast application configures a multicast root key MulticastKey, the burned institute of LoRa terminals
Multicast root key MulticastKey is stated, for each multicast group, the multicast application generates 32 random numbers for it
MulticastGroupRand recognizes further according to multicast root key MulticastKey and MulticastGroupRand according to multicast
Demonstrate,prove multicast authentication key MulticastGroupAuthKey and multicast encryption key that cipher key calculation method generates multicast group
MulticastGroupSecKey；
The multicast authentication cipher key calculation method is as follows：
MulticastGroupAuthKey = aes128_encrypt(MulticastKey, 0x01 |
MulticastGroupRand | NetID | pad16)
MulticastGroupSecKey = aes128_encrypt(MulticastKey, 0x02 |
MulticastGroupRand | NetID | pad16)
MulticastGroupAuthKey is used for the verification of data frame, and MulticastGroupSecKey adds for data frame
It is close；
The multicast application is established and includes the step of safeguarding multicast group：
The first step, multicast application complete all work of opening an account using LoRa terminals；
Second step, multicast application establish a multicast group, distribute a multicast group identification, generate a multicast group context；
Third walks, and multicast application is that multicast group generates a random number MulticastGroupRand, and generates
MulticastGroupAuthKey and MulticastGroupSecKey, these information are saved in multicast group context；
4th step is multicast group application multicast resource in multicast application to network server, simultaneously will
MulticastGroupAuthKey sends network server to, after network server receives request, distributes multicast resource, if
It is allocated successfully, multicast resource information, including multicast group address, multicast group channel, multicast group spreading code, group is returned to multicast application
Group paging cycle etc. is broadcast, while network server also establishes a multicast group context, preserves multicast mark, multicast resource letter
Breath；
5th step selects specific LoRa terminals, is added in multicast group；
6th step, to each LoRa terminals, after endpoint registration, by mode of unicast, notice multicast resource information and
MulticastGroupRand information；After LoRa terminals receive, MulticastKey and MulticastGroupRand sheets are utilized
Ground generates MulticastGroupAuthKey and MulticastGroupSecKey, establishes a multicast context, multicast is provided
Source information and key save；After completing all LoRa terminal notifications, multicast group is just completed to establish；
To establish multicast group routing, the network server can establish multiple multicast groups, and one is established for each multicast group
LoRa gateway chained lists, chained list method for building up are as follows：
The first step：After network server receives the multicast resource request of multicast application, a multicast context is established, multicast is preserved
Group ID, multicast group address, multicast group channel, multicast group spreading code, multicast group paging cycle；
Second step：Multicast application sends multicast information notice to each LoRa terminals that multicast group is added, and message needs pass through
Network server is sent, and when network server sends the message, can be obtained the address information of multicast group ID and LoRa terminal, be looked for
To the terminal contexts of multicast group context and LoRa terminals；
Third walks：In LoRa terminal contexts, the LoRa gateway identifications that LoRa terminals currently connect are taken out, multicast group is arrived in update
In the LoRa gateway chained lists of context；
When multicast application completes the multicast information notice of all LoRa terminals of multicast group, i.e. the multicast of the multicast group is established in completion
Routing.
Preferably, it is as follows to send the step of multicast message for multicast application：
The first step：Multicast application sends multicast packets to network server, and packet format includes multicast group address, Payload；
Second step：Network server finds multicast group context according to multicast group address, utilizes the MAC layer information architecture of multicast group
MAC packets build the authentication code MIC of MAC using MulticastGroupAuthKey；
Third walks：Network server sends MAC packets, letter according to the associated LoRaGW lists of multicast context, to each LoRaGW
Road and spreading code are set as multicast group multicast channel and multicast spreading code；
4th step：It needs to find a free time piece hair according to the gateway downlink resource when sending each gateway downstream packets
It send；It is divided into two kinds of situations, LoRaWAN ClassC can be sent at random, and LoRaWAN ClassB are needed according to multicast group address tune
Specific downlink window is spent to send；
5th step：LoRaGW is sent after receiving downlink MAC packets in corresponding timeslice；
6th step：Multicast group LoRa terminals divide two types, ClassC terminals that can guard on multicast channel always, and ClassB is whole
End can calculate multicast downlink window according to multicast address, and the activation receiver on each downlink window guards multicast channel, solves
Code is adjusted to be set as multicast group spreading code, after receiving LoRaWAN broadcast frames, LoRa terminals utilize MulticastGroupAuthKey
It is verified, judges whether the MIC and the MIC that frame carries of terminal generation are consistent, if inconsistent discarding；It is utilized if consistent
MulticastGroupSecKey is decoded Payload contents, obtains the down order of multicast application.
Preferably, LoRa terminal inners multicast functionality implementation process is as follows：
1, LoRa terminals burned multicast root key before opening an account is subsequently used for generating multicast session key；
2, terminal unicast service flow includes endpoint registration control module, after LoRa starting up of terminal, by endpoint registration control module
Initiating terminal register flow path；
3, after completing registration, endpoint registration control module establishes unicast context, is used for follow-up MAC processing；
4, after terminal completes registration, multicast application establishes multicast group by unicast, can then send multicast group and order is added；
5, it after MAC processing receives multicast group addition order, is the discovery that unicast address, sends unicast application processing after then decrypting to
Module；
6, unicast application processing module parses application layer data, is the discovery that order is added in multicast group, is then transmitted to multicast application
Control module processing；
7, order is added in multicast application control module processing multicast group, utilizes multicast root key+multicast group random number
MulticastGroupRand locally generates multicast conversation authentication key MulticastGroupAuthKey and encryption key
MulticastGroupSecKey, while the multicast group address information that order carries, multicast group channel, group is added using multicast group
Group spreading code is broadcast, the information architectures multicast context such as multicast group paging cycle is used for the processing of follow-up MAC layer；
8, follow-up MAC layer processing can determine to guard the spreading code of channel and use according to unicast context and multicast context, right
In ClassC modes, it is desirable that unicast and multicast down channel, spreading code are consistent；For ClassB modes, only require that terminal exists
Multicast and the paging time window of unicast are required for opening receiver, receive network downstream order；
9, when receiving the ordered multicast of network transmission, MAC layer processing first feels which multicast context selected according to frame address
It is decrypted, when unicast selects unicast address, group sowing time to select multicast address；
10, after completing decryption, MAC processing selects application layer process module according to frame address, selection unicast processing application when unicast
Module, group sowing time selection multicast handle application module.
Preferably, multicast functionality implementation process is as follows inside the multicast application：
1, the protocol interface module of multicast application is responsible for and network server carries out interface protocol forwarding, including terminal reported data
With using transmitting order to lower levels；
2, the signing information of all terminals needs to be stored in terminal database, is imported by application configuration module；
3, for each terminal, after completing registration, there are one terminal applies contexts, preserve terminal related information, the list of terminal
Operation flow is broadcast by unicast application module to be responsible for；
4, multicast application module is responsible for the operation flow of entire multicast, includes the establishment and maintenance of multicast group, under ordered multicast
Hair etc.；
5, operator creates multicast group by operator's interactive module and application configuration module, and multicast group relevant information needs to protect
There are in multicast group database and multicast group application context, include the address of multicast group, key；
6, multicast application need preserve multicast root key and terminal it is burned multicast root key it is completely the same, an application one
Multicast root key；
7 at the same multicast application need there are one random number generation module, to be responsible for each multicast group and generate multicast group random number
MulticastGroupRand, then it is local generate multicast group authentication key MulticastGroupAuthKey and
MulticastGroupSecKey is saved in multicast group database and context；
8, for each newly-built multicast group, multicast application module needs, to network server application multicast resource, to obtain multicast money
It is saved in behind source in multicast group database and context；
9, after completing multicast resource application, operator can increase multi-cast terminal, these multi-cast terminal information to newly-built multicast group
It needs to be saved in multicast group database, is convenient for later maintenance；
10, to each terminal of multicast group, multicast application module needs to be sent to multicast group addition by unicast application module
Order, notifies the contextual information of multicast group；
11, operator can also remove the terminal of multicast group, and such multicast application needs, to multicast group delete command is sent, to lead to
Know that terminal local deletes multicast group context, subsequent terminal is without paying close attention to multicast group order；
12, after the completion of multicast group is established, operator can be by multicast application to entire multicast pocket transmission ordered multicast；
13, when multicast group needs release, operator must first delete all terminals of the multicast group, then to network server
Send a multicast group resource release message.
Preferably, multicast application server is defined as follows with network server, multi-cast terminal interface：
1, multicast group resource bid message：Multicast application server 204 -->Network server 203：
Carry following information：Multicast group identification, multicast application mark, multicast group authentication key MulticastGroupAuthKey
303；
2, multicast group resource authorization message：Network server 203 -->Multicast application server 204：
Carry following information：Multicast group address, multicast group channel, multicast group spreading factor, multicast group paging cycle；
3, multicast group resource release message：Multicast application server 204 -->Network server 203：
Carry following information：Multicast group identification, multicast application mark；
4, order is added in multicast group：Multicast application server 204 -->Network server 203 -->Multi-cast terminal 201：
Carry following information：Multicast application identifies, terminal address, multicast group address, and multicast group command context is added；
5, multicast group delete command：Multicast application server 204 -->Network server 203 -->Multi-cast terminal 201：
Carry following information：Multicast application identifies, terminal address, multicast group address, deletes multicast group command context；
6, multicast group order：Multicast application server 204 -->Network server 203 -->Multi-cast terminal 201：
Carry following information：Multicast application identifies, multicast group address, multicast group command context.
Preferably, network server multicast functionality implementation process is as follows：
1, protocol stack interface module is responsible for communicating between network server and multicast application, processing to the send and receive packets between multicast application；
2, LoRa gateway interfaces module is responsible for network server and LoRa gateway interfaces；
3, for a LoRa terminal, first initiating terminal register flow path, LoRa gateway interface modules receive terminal after booting
After registration message, address management module can be arrived after endpoint registration module completes terminal authentication by being transmitted to endpoint registration resume module
Apply for a unicast address, then establish terminal contexts, preserves terminal mac layer relevant information：Terminal unicast address, transmission net
It closes, terminal iidentification, registers application identities, terminal authentication session key etc.；
4, when multicast application establishes a new multicast group, a multicast resource solicitation message can be sent to network server,
After protocol stack interface module receives, it is transmitted to the processing of multicast sending module, multicast sending module handles the message, arrives address administration
One multicast group address of module application establishes a new multicast group context, preserves multicast group relevant information：Multicast group
Location, multicast application mark, multicast group broadcast channel, multicast group spreading factor, multicast group paging cycle, multicast group authentication key；
Then it generates a multicast group resource authorization information and multicast application is returned to by protocol stack interface module；
5, when multicast application is that multicast group increases/delete a multi-cast terminal, a multicast group addition/deletion life can be sent
It enables, after which receives, protocol stack interface module is transmitted to the processing of unicast transceiver module, and unicast transceiver module is logical
It crosses terminal contexts module and obtains terminal context information, build downstream packets, be transmitted to LoRa gateway interface resume modules, simultaneously
Unicast context, preservation/deletion multicast group identification are updated, then forwards a multicast group terminal to be added/delete to multicast sending module
Except message, multicast group address, Base Station Identification are carried；
6, multicast sending module receive multicast group terminal be added/delete message after, found on the multicast group by multicast group address
Hereafter, Base Station Identification is added in multicast group station list when increase, if had, to the base station, access times add 1；
The base station access times of multicast group station list are subtracted 1 when deletion, if to 0, delete the base station；
7, to each multi-cast terminal, once the base station of attachment changes, then unicast forwarding module is needed to multicast sending module
One multicast group terminal of forwarding changes message, carries multicast group address, old Base Station Identification, new Base Station Identification；After receiving, to old base
Station identifications are handled according to multicast group terminal deletion flow processing, to new Base Station Identification according to multicast group addition, preserve and multicast is whole
End is consistent；
8, multicast application sends multicast group order, and protocol stack interface module is transmitted to the processing of multicast sending module after receiving message,
Multicast sending module finds the multicast group context by multicast group address, builds downstream packets, is arranged by multicast group group base station
Table obtains all LoRaGW of downstream packets transmission, and downlink multicast packet is sent to each LoRaGW；
9, when multicast application discharges a multicast group, a multicast group resource release message, agreement are sent to network server
Stack interface module is transmitted to the processing of multicast sending module after receiving, multicast sending module first discharges multicast group to address management module
Then address discharges the multicast group context.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Using the method for the invention, it is whole to realize LoRaWAN ClassB and ClassC
The multicast functionality at end solves the problems, such as batch terminal transmitting order to lower levels simultaneously.
Description of the drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description：
Fig. 1 is the signal of LoRaWAN representative networks；
Fig. 2 is multicast network schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is that multicast key generates signal；
Fig. 4 is multicast address notice flow；
Fig. 5 is that multicast frame issues process；
Fig. 6 is that LoRa terminal multicasts realize signal；
Fig. 7 is that multicast application realizes signal；
Fig. 8 is that network server multicast realizes signal.
Specific implementation mode
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of LoRaWAN multicast groups：
LoRa terminals 201：Multicast information is received, needs to be ClassB, ClassC terminals；
The base stations LoRa 202：It is responsible for for multicast frame being transmitted to all LoRa terminals of this base station range；
Network server 203：It is responsible for distribution multicast address, safeguards that multicast group is route, a multicast group can be by multiple base stations LoRa
202 compositions；
Multicast application 204：Multicast source, while being responsible for the foundation and maintenance of multicast group；One multicast application has multiple multicasts
Group, multicast address and the security key difference of each multicast group.
Fig. 3 is the computational methods of multicast group cipher
Each multicast application 204, needs to configure a multicast root key MulticastKey 301；To all LoRa of the application
Terminal 201, it is also desirable to burned this multicast root key MulticastKey 301 before delivery.
For each multicast group, multicast application generates 32 random number MulticastGroupRand 302 for it,
The multicast that multicast group is generated according to certain algorithm further according to MulticastKey 301 and MulticastGroupRand 302 is recognized
Demonstrate,prove key MulticastGroupAuthKey 303 and multicast encryption key MulticastGroupSecKey 304.
Generating algorithm is as follows：
Multicast authentication cipher key calculation method：
MulticastGroupAuthKey 303 = aes128_encrypt(MulticastKey 301, 0x01 |
MulticastGroupRand 302 | NetID | pad16)
MulticastGroupSecKey 304 = aes128_encrypt(MulticastKey 301, 0x02 |
MulticastGroupRand 302 | NetID | pad16)
NetID（Network identity）It is configured by network server 203, is passed through by network server 203 when LoRa terminals 201 are registered
Endpoint registration sends LoRa terminals 201 in taking orders, send the registration of multicast application 204 to when multicast application 204 is registered.
MulticastGroupAuthKey 303 and MulticastGroupSecKey 304 is LoRa terminals 201 and group
It broadcasts using 204 independent calculating, the two shares preconfigured Multicast Key, it is only necessary to transmit 32 bits
MulticastGroupRand 301.
According to LoRaWAN specifications, MulticastGroupAuthKey 303 is used for the verification of data frame,
MulticastGroupSecKey 304 is used for the encryption of data frame.
Multicast group is one group of needs while the LoRa terminal groups of action, and multicast group can be interim, can be permanent.
For a multicast group, it must be broadcast channel to need a multicast channel, multicast channel, such a point hair
It send, all terminals in this channel can receive data.
Meanwhile in order to differentiate multicast signal, it is desirable that different multicast groups distributes different multicast address, while distributing difference
Multicast key, ensure that multicast signal reliably transmits in this way.
The foundation and maintenance of multicast group are completed by multicast application 204, as shown in figure 4, steps are as follows：
The first step, multicast application 204 complete all work of opening an account using LoRa terminals 201；
Second step, multicast application 204 establish a multicast group, distribute a multicast group identification, generate a multicast group context；
Third walks, and multicast application 204 is that multicast group generates a random number MulticastGroupRand 301, and generates
MulticastGroupAuthKey 303 and MulticastGroupSecKey 304, these information are saved in multicast group
In context；
4th step is multicast group application multicast resource in multicast application 204 to network server 203, simultaneously will
MulticastGroupAuthKey 303 sends network server 203 to, after network server 203 receives request, distributes multicast
Resource returns to multicast resource information, including multicast group address, multicast group channel, group if be allocated successfully to multicast application 204
Broadcast group spreading code, multicast group paging cycle（ClassB multicast groups）Deng, while network server 203 is also established on a multicast group
Hereafter, multicast mark, multicast resource information are preserved；
5th step selects specific LoRa terminals 201, is added in multicast group；
6th step, to each LoRa terminals 201, after endpoint registration, by mode of unicast, notice multicast resource information and
301 information of MulticastGroupRand；
After completion notice, multicast group is just completed to establish.
After multicast group is established, LoRa terminals 201 can be increased at any time, LoRa terminals 201 can also be deleted, at this moment multicast is answered
With all notifying multicast group resource information and MulticastGroupRand to the new LoRa terminals 201 that are added by mode of unicast
301 information send original terminal and order, and delete multicast group resource information and 301 information of MulticastGroupRand.
Simultaneously for interim multicast group, release movement can be carried out, multicast application 204 needs first to delete LoRa when release
Then terminal 201 arrives network server 203 and deletes multicast resource information, last local release multicast context information.
For network server 203, need to safeguard a Multicast Routing, that is, multicast information for each multicast group
Which need to send by LoRa gateways 202.
Therefore network server 203 needs to establish 202 chained list of LoRa gateways, and chained list method for building up is as follows：
The first step：After network server 203 receives the multicast resource request of multicast application 204, a multicast context is established, is protected
Deposit multicast group ID, multicast group address, multicast group channel, multicast group spreading code, multicast group paging cycle（When ClassB is paged）；
Second step：Multicast application 204 sends multicast information to each LoRa terminals 201 that multicast group is added and notifies 406, the message
It needs to send by network server 203, when network server sends the message, multicast group ID and LoRa terminal can be obtained
201 address information finds the terminal contexts of multicast group context and LoRa terminals 201；
Third walks：In LoRa terminal contexts, takes out the LoRa gateways 202 that LoRa terminals currently connect and identify, group is arrived in update
It broadcasts in the LoRa gateway chained lists of group context；
In this way, after the multicast information that multicast application 204 completes all LoRa terminals 201 of multicast group notifies 406,
Network server 203 just completes Multicast Routing for its foundation.
Subsequently, when the LoRa gateways 202 that LoRa terminals 201 connect change, the multicast group of its ownership is updated again
The LoRa gateway chained lists of context.
After multicast group is completed to establish, so that it may which, to send multicast information, step of giving out a contract for a project is as shown in Figure 5：
The first step：501：Multicast application 204 sends multicast packets to network server 203, and packet format includes multicast group address,
Payload（Ciphertext）；
Second step：502：Network server 203 finds multicast group context according to multicast group address, utilizes the MAC layer of multicast group
Information architecture MAC packets build the authentication code MIC of MAC using MulticastGroupAuthKey 303（Message
Integrity Code：Message integrity check code）；
Third walks：503：Network server 303 is sent out according to the associated LoRaGW lists of multicast context to each LoRaGW 202
Send MAC packets.
4th step：504：When needing to find a free time according to the gateway downlink resource when sending each gateway downstream packets
Between piece send；
5th step：505：LoRaGW 202 is sent after receiving downlink MAC packets in corresponding timeslice；
6th step：506：Multicast group LoRa terminals 201 open receiving window in corresponding timeslice, after receiving LoRaWAN broadcast frames,
It is verified using MulticastGroupAuthKey 303, judges whether the MIC and the MIC that frame carries of terminal generation are consistent,
If inconsistent discarding；Payload contents are decoded using MulticastGroupSecKey 304 if consistent, are obtained
To the down order of multicast application 204.
Fig. 6 illustrates terminal inner multicast functionality and realizes block diagram, is described as follows：
1, for terminal, to support multicast, it is necessary to which the burned multicast root key 602 before opening an account is subsequently used for generating multicast meeting
Talk about key；
2, terminal unicast service flow is similar with ordinary terminal, it is also desirable to which there is endpoint registration to control 607 modules, starting up of terminal
Afterwards, 607 module initiating terminal register flow paths are controlled by endpoint registration；
3, after completing registration, endpoint registration controls 607 modules and establishes unicast context, is used for follow-up MAC processing 604；
4, after terminal completes registration, multicast application establishes multicast group by unicast, can then send multicast group and order is added；
After 5, MAC processing 604 receive multicast group addition order, it is the discovery that unicast address, unicast application is sent to after then decrypting
Handle 609 modules；
6, unicast application handles 609 modules and parses application layer data, is the discovery that order is added in multicast group, is then transmitted to multicast and answers
With controlling 608 resume modules；
7, multicast application controls 608 resume module multicast groups and order is added, and utilizes multicast root key+multicast group random number
MulticastGroupRand 302 is local to generate multicast conversation authentication key MulticastGroupAuthKey 303 and encryption
Key MulticastGroupSecKey 304, while the multicast group address information that order carries, multicast is added using multicast group
Group channel, multicast group spreading code, multicast group paging cycle（When ClassB）Equal information architectures multicast context, is used for follow-up MAC
Layer processing 604 uses；
8, follow-up MAC layer processing can determine to guard the spreading code of channel and use according to unicast context and multicast context, right
In ClassC modes, it is desirable that unicast and multicast down channel, spreading code are consistent.For ClassB modes, no this requirement, as long as
It asks terminal to be required for opening receiver in the paging time window of multicast and unicast, receives network downstream order.
9, when receiving the ordered multicast of network transmission, MAC layer processing 604 first feels which multicast selected according to frame address
Context is decrypted, and when unicast selects unicast address, group sowing time to select multicast address；
10, after completing decryption, MAC processing 604 selects application layer process module according to frame address, when unicast selection unicast processing answer
With 609 modules, 610 modules are applied in group sowing time selection multicast processing.
In this way, terminal can be achieved with multicast processing function.
Fig. 7 illustrates multicast functionality inside multicast application and realizes block diagram, is described as follows：
1, the protocol interface module 701 of multicast application is responsible for and network server carries out interface protocol forwarding, including terminal reports
Data and apply transmitting order to lower levels；
2, the signing information of all terminals needs to be stored in terminal database 704, is imported by application configuration module 710；
3, for each terminal, after completing registration, there are one terminal applies contexts 702, preserve terminal related information, terminal
Unicast service flow is responsible for by unicast application module 705；
4, multicast application module 706 is responsible for the operation flow of entire multicast, includes the establishment and maintenance of multicast group, ordered multicast
It issues；
5, operator creates multicast group, multicast group relevant information by operator's interactive module 709 and application configuration module 710
It needs to be stored in multicast group database 707 and multicast group application context 703, includes the address of multicast group, key；
6, multicast application needs to preserve multicast root key 712（Must be completely the same with the burned multicast root key 602 of terminal, one
One multicast root key of a application）；
7, while multicast application needs, there are one random number generation module 708, it is random to be responsible for each multicast group generation multicast group
Number MulticastGroupRand 302, it is then local to generate multicast group authentication key MulticastGroupAuthKey 303
With MulticastGroupSecKey 304, it is saved in multicast group database 707 and context 703；
8, for each newly-built multicast group, multicast application module 706 needs, to network server application multicast resource, to obtain multicast
It is saved in after resource in multicast group database 707 and context 703；
9, after completing multicast resource application, operator can increase multi-cast terminal, these multi-cast terminal information to newly-built multicast group
It needs to be saved in multicast group database 707, is convenient for later maintenance；
10, to each terminal of multicast group, multicast application module 706 needs to be sent to multicast by unicast application module 705
Order is added in group, notifies the contextual information of multicast group；
11, operator can also remove the terminal of multicast group, and such multicast application needs, to multicast group delete command is sent, to lead to
Know that terminal local deletes multicast group context, subsequent terminal is without paying close attention to multicast group order；
12, after the completion of multicast group is established, operator can be by multicast application 709 to entire multicast pocket transmission ordered multicast
；
13, when multicast group needs release, operator must first delete all terminals of the multicast group, then to network server
Send a multicast group resource release message.
Multicast application server 204 and network server 203,201 interface of multi-cast terminal are defined as follows：
1, multicast group resource bid message：Multicast application server 204 -->Network server 203：
Carry following information：Multicast group identification, multicast application mark, multicast group authentication key MulticastGroupAuthKey
303；
2, multicast group resource authorization message：Network server 203 -->Multicast application server 204：
Carry following information：Multicast group address, multicast group channel, multicast group spreading factor, multicast group paging cycle（ClassB classes
Type needs）；
3, multicast group resource release message：Multicast application server 204 -->Network server 203：
Carry following information：Multicast group identification, multicast application mark；
4, order is added in multicast group：Multicast application server 204 -->Network server 203 -->Multi-cast terminal 201：
Carry following information：Multicast application identifies, terminal address, multicast group address, and multicast group command context is added（It is transmitted to end
End, encryption, including multicast group address, multicast group channel, broadcast group spreading factor, multicast group paging cycle（ClassB types need
It wants））；
5, multicast group delete command：Multicast application server 204 -->Network server 203 -->Multi-cast terminal 201：
Carry following information：Multicast application identifies, terminal address, multicast group address, deletes multicast group command context（It is transmitted to end
End, encryption, including multicast group address）；
6, multicast group order：Multicast application server 204 -->Network server 203 -->Multi-cast terminal 201：
Carry following information：Multicast application identifies, multicast group address, multicast group command context（It is transmitted to terminal, is encrypted）；
Fig. 8 illustrates network server multicast functionality and realizes block diagram, is described as follows：
1, protocol stack interface module 808 is responsible for communicating between network server and multicast application, processing to the transmitting-receiving between multicast application
Packet；
2, LoRa gateway interface modules are responsible for network server and LoRa gateway interfaces；
3, for a LoRa terminal, first initiating terminal register flow path, LoRa gateway interfaces module 809 receive end after booting
After holding registration message, address management module 807 can be arrived after 801 complete terminal authentication by being transmitted to the processing of endpoint registration module 801
Apply for a unicast address, then establish terminal contexts, preserves terminal mac layer relevant information：Terminal unicast address, transmission net
It closes, terminal iidentification, registers application identities, terminal authentication session key etc.；
4, when multicast application establishes a new multicast group, a multicast resource solicitation message can be sent to network server,
After protocol stack interface module 808 receives, it is transmitted to the processing of multicast sending module 804,804 handle the message, arrive address administration mould
Block 807 applies for a multicast group address, establishes a new multicast group context, preserves multicast group relevant information：Multicast group
Location, multicast application mark, multicast group broadcast channel, multicast group spreading factor, multicast group paging cycle（When ClassB）, multicast group
Authentication key；Then it generates a multicast group resource authorization information and returns to multicast application by 808；
5, when multicast application is that multicast group increases/delete a multi-cast terminal, a multicast group addition/deletion life can be sent
It enables, after which receives, 808 are transmitted to the processing of unicast transceiver module 803, and 803 obtain terminal or more by 802
Literary information builds downstream packets, is transmitted to the processing of LoRa gateway interfaces module 809, while updating unicast context, preservation/deletion
Multicast group identification, then forward a multicast group terminal to be added/delete message to multicast sending module 804, multicast group address is carried,
Base Station Identification；
6, multicast sending module 804 receive multicast group terminal be added/delete message after, which is found by multicast group address
Base Station Identification is added in multicast group station list by context, when increase, if had, to the base station, access times add
1；The base station access times of multicast group station list are subtracted 1 when deletion, if to 0, delete the base station；
7, to each multi-cast terminal, once the base station of attachment changes, then unicast forwarding module 803 needs to send mould to multicast
Block 804 forwards a multicast group terminal to change message, carries multicast group address, old Base Station Identification, new Base Station Identification；804 receive
Afterwards, to old Base Station Identification according to multicast group terminal deletion flow processing, new Base Station Identification is handled according to multicast group addition, is preserved
It is consistent with multi-cast terminal；
8, multicast application sends multicast group order, and 808 modules are transmitted to the processing of multicast sending module 804 after receiving message, and 804 is logical
It crosses multicast group address and finds the multicast group context, build downstream packets, downstream packets hair is obtained by multicast group group's station list
All LoRaGW sent send downlink multicast packet to each LoRaGW；
9, when multicast application discharges a multicast group, a multicast group resource release message is sent to network server, 808 receive
The processing of multicast sending module 804 is transmitted to after, 804 first discharge multicast group address to address management module 807, and then release should
Multicast group context.
The multicast service flow based on LoRaWAN can be completed in this way.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that：For the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method of realizing group broadcasting of LPWAN Internet of Things, including LoRa terminals, multiple base stations LoRa, network server, multicast
Using；
The LoRa terminals are for receiving multicast information；
The base stations LoRa are used to multicast frame being transmitted to all LoRa terminals of this base station range；
The network server safeguards that multicast group is route for distributing multicast address；
The multicast application is used to be responsible for the foundation and maintenance of multiple multicast groups；
It is characterized in that, the multicast application configures a multicast root key MulticastKey, the burned institute of LoRa terminals
Multicast root key MulticastKey is stated, for each multicast group, the multicast application generates 32 random numbers for it
MulticastGroupRand recognizes further according to multicast root key MulticastKey and MulticastGroupRand according to multicast
Demonstrate,prove multicast authentication key MulticastGroupAuthKey and multicast encryption key that cipher key calculation method generates multicast group
MulticastGroupSecKey；
The multicast authentication cipher key calculation method is as follows：
MulticastGroupAuthKey = aes128_encrypt(MulticastKey, 0x01 |
MulticastGroupRand | NetID | pad16)
MulticastGroupSecKey = aes128_encrypt(MulticastKey, 0x02 |
MulticastGroupRand | NetID | pad16)
MulticastGroupAuthKey is used for the verification of data frame, and MulticastGroupSecKey adds for data frame
It is close；
The multicast application is established and includes the step of safeguarding multicast group：
The first step, multicast application complete all work of opening an account using LoRa terminals；
Second step, multicast application establish a multicast group, distribute a multicast group identification, generate a multicast group context；
Third walks, and multicast application is that multicast group generates a random number MulticastGroupRand, and generates
MulticastGroupAuthKey and MulticastGroupSecKey, these information are saved in multicast group context；
4th step is multicast group application multicast resource in multicast application to network server, simultaneously will
MulticastGroupAuthKey sends network server to, after network server receives request, distributes multicast resource, if
It is allocated successfully, multicast resource information, including multicast group address, multicast group channel, multicast group spreading code, group is returned to multicast application
Group paging cycle etc. is broadcast, while network server also establishes a multicast group context, preserves multicast mark, multicast resource letter
Breath；
5th step selects specific LoRa terminals, is added in multicast group；
6th step, to each LoRa terminals, after endpoint registration, by mode of unicast, notice multicast resource information and
MulticastGroupRand information；After LoRa terminals receive, MulticastKey and MulticastGroupRand sheets are utilized
Ground generates MulticastGroupAuthKey and MulticastGroupSecKey, establishes a multicast context, multicast is provided
Source information and key save；After completing all LoRa terminal notifications, multicast group is just completed to establish；
To establish multicast group routing, the network server can establish multiple multicast groups, and one is established for each multicast group
LoRa gateway chained lists, chained list method for building up are as follows：
The first step：After network server receives the multicast resource request of multicast application, a multicast context is established, multicast is preserved
Group ID, multicast group address, multicast group channel, multicast group spreading code, multicast group paging cycle；
Second step：Multicast application sends multicast information notice to each LoRa terminals that multicast group is added, and message needs pass through
Network server is sent, and when network server sends the message, can be obtained the address information of multicast group ID and LoRa terminal, be looked for
To the terminal contexts of multicast group context and LoRa terminals；
Third walks：In LoRa terminal contexts, the LoRa gateway identifications that LoRa terminals currently connect are taken out, multicast group is arrived in update
In the LoRa gateway chained lists of context；
When multicast application completes the multicast information notice of all LoRa terminals of multicast group, i.e. the multicast of the multicast group is established in completion
Routing.
2. a kind of method of realizing group broadcasting of LPWAN Internet of Things according to claim 1, which is characterized in that multicast application is sent out
The step of sending multicast message is as follows：
The first step：Multicast application sends multicast packets to network server, and packet format includes multicast group address, Payload；
Second step：Network server finds multicast group context according to multicast group address, utilizes the MAC layer information architecture of multicast group
MAC packets build the authentication code MIC of MAC using MulticastGroupAuthKey；
Third walks：Network server sends MAC packets, letter according to the associated LoRaGW lists of multicast context, to each LoRaGW
Road and spreading code are set as multicast group multicast channel and multicast spreading code；
4th step：It needs to find a free time piece hair according to the gateway downlink resource when sending each gateway downstream packets
It send；It is divided into two kinds of situations, LoRaWAN ClassC can be sent at random, and LoRaWAN ClassB are needed according to multicast group address tune
Specific downlink window is spent to send；
5th step：LoRaGW is sent after receiving downlink MAC packets in corresponding timeslice；
6th step：Multicast group LoRa terminals divide two types, ClassC terminals that can guard on multicast channel always, and ClassB is whole
End can calculate multicast downlink window according to multicast address, and the activation receiver on each downlink window guards multicast channel, solves
Code is adjusted to be set as multicast group spreading code, after receiving LoRaWAN broadcast frames, LoRa terminals utilize MulticastGroupAuthKey
It is verified, judges whether the MIC and the MIC that frame carries of terminal generation are consistent, if inconsistent discarding；It is utilized if consistent
MulticastGroupSecKey is decoded Payload contents, obtains the down order of multicast application.
3. a kind of method of realizing group broadcasting of LPWAN Internet of Things according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in LoRa terminals
Portion's multicast functionality implementation process is as follows：
1, LoRa terminals burned multicast root key before opening an account is subsequently used for generating multicast session key；
2, terminal unicast service flow includes endpoint registration control module, after LoRa starting up of terminal, by endpoint registration control module
Initiating terminal register flow path；
3, after completing registration, endpoint registration control module establishes unicast context, is used for follow-up MAC processing；
4, after terminal completes registration, multicast application establishes multicast group by unicast, can then send multicast group and order is added；
5, it after MAC processing receives multicast group addition order, is the discovery that unicast address, sends unicast application processing after then decrypting to
Module；
6, unicast application processing module parses application layer data, is the discovery that order is added in multicast group, is then transmitted to multicast application
Control module processing；
7, order is added in multicast application control module processing multicast group, utilizes multicast root key+multicast group random number
MulticastGroupRand locally generates multicast conversation authentication key MulticastGroupAuthKey and encryption key
MulticastGroupSecKey, while the multicast group address information that order carries, multicast group channel, group is added using multicast group
Group spreading code is broadcast, the information architectures multicast context such as multicast group paging cycle is used for the processing of follow-up MAC layer；
8, follow-up MAC layer processing can determine to guard the spreading code of channel and use according to unicast context and multicast context, right
In ClassC modes, it is desirable that unicast and multicast down channel, spreading code are consistent；For ClassB modes, only require that terminal exists
Multicast and the paging time window of unicast are required for opening receiver, receive network downstream order；
9, when receiving the ordered multicast of network transmission, MAC layer processing first feels which multicast context selected according to frame address
It is decrypted, when unicast selects unicast address, group sowing time to select multicast address；
10, after completing decryption, MAC processing selects application layer process module according to frame address, selection unicast processing application when unicast
Module, group sowing time selection multicast handle application module.
4. a kind of method of realizing group broadcasting of LPWAN Internet of Things according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the multicast is answered
It is as follows with internal multicast functionality implementation process：
1, the protocol interface module of multicast application is responsible for and network server carries out interface protocol forwarding, including terminal reported data
With using transmitting order to lower levels；
2, the signing information of all terminals needs to be stored in terminal database, is imported by application configuration module；
3, for each terminal, after completing registration, there are one terminal applies contexts, preserve terminal related information, the list of terminal
Operation flow is broadcast by unicast application module to be responsible for；
4, multicast application module is responsible for the operation flow of entire multicast, includes the establishment and maintenance of multicast group, under ordered multicast
Hair etc.；
5, operator creates multicast group by operator's interactive module and application configuration module, and multicast group relevant information needs to protect
There are in multicast group database and multicast group application context, include the address of multicast group, key；
6, multicast application need preserve multicast root key and terminal it is burned multicast root key it is completely the same, an application one
Multicast root key；
7 at the same multicast application need there are one random number generation module, to be responsible for each multicast group and generate multicast group random number
MulticastGroupRand, then it is local generate multicast group authentication key MulticastGroupAuthKey and
MulticastGroupSecKey is saved in multicast group database and context；
8, for each newly-built multicast group, multicast application module needs, to network server application multicast resource, to obtain multicast money
It is saved in behind source in multicast group database and context；
9, after completing multicast resource application, operator can increase multi-cast terminal, these multi-cast terminal information to newly-built multicast group
It needs to be saved in multicast group database, is convenient for later maintenance；
10, to each terminal of multicast group, multicast application module needs to be sent to multicast group addition by unicast application module
Order, notifies the contextual information of multicast group；
11, operator can also remove the terminal of multicast group, and such multicast application needs, to multicast group delete command is sent, to lead to
Know that terminal local deletes multicast group context, subsequent terminal is without paying close attention to multicast group order；
12, after the completion of multicast group is established, operator can be by multicast application to entire multicast pocket transmission ordered multicast；
13, when multicast group needs release, operator must first delete all terminals of the multicast group, then to network server
Send a multicast group resource release message.
5. a kind of method of realizing group broadcasting of LPWAN Internet of Things according to claim 1, which is characterized in that multicast application takes
Business device is defined as follows with network server, multi-cast terminal interface：
1, multicast group resource bid message：Multicast application server 204 -->Network server 203：
Carry following information：Multicast group identification, multicast application mark, multicast group authentication key MulticastGroupAuthKey
303；
2, multicast group resource authorization message：Network server 203 -->Multicast application server 204：
Carry following information：Multicast group address, multicast group channel, multicast group spreading factor, multicast group paging cycle；
3, multicast group resource release message：Multicast application server 204 -->Network server 203：
Carry following information：Multicast group identification, multicast application mark；
4, order is added in multicast group：Multicast application server 204 -->Network server 203 -->Multi-cast terminal 201：
Carry following information：Multicast application identifies, terminal address, multicast group address, and multicast group command context is added；
5, multicast group delete command：Multicast application server 204 -->Network server 203 -->Multi-cast terminal 201：
Carry following information：Multicast application identifies, terminal address, multicast group address, deletes multicast group command context；
6, multicast group order：Multicast application server 204 -->Network server 203 -->Multi-cast terminal 201：
Carry following information：Multicast application identifies, multicast group address, multicast group command context.
6. a kind of method of realizing group broadcasting of LPWAN Internet of Things according to claim 1, which is characterized in that network server
Multicast functionality implementation process is as follows：
1, protocol stack interface module is responsible for communicating between network server and multicast application, processing to the send and receive packets between multicast application；
2, LoRa gateway interfaces module is responsible for network server and LoRa gateway interfaces；
3, for a LoRa terminal, first initiating terminal register flow path, LoRa gateway interface modules receive terminal after booting
After registration message, address management module can be arrived after endpoint registration module completes terminal authentication by being transmitted to endpoint registration resume module
Apply for a unicast address, then establish terminal contexts, preserves terminal mac layer relevant information：Terminal unicast address, transmission net
It closes, terminal iidentification, registers application identities, terminal authentication session key etc.；
4, when multicast application establishes a new multicast group, a multicast resource solicitation message can be sent to network server,
After protocol stack interface module receives, it is transmitted to the processing of multicast sending module, multicast sending module handles the message, arrives address administration
One multicast group address of module application establishes a new multicast group context, preserves multicast group relevant information：Multicast group
Location, multicast application mark, multicast group broadcast channel, multicast group spreading factor, multicast group paging cycle, multicast group authentication key；
Then it generates a multicast group resource authorization information and multicast application is returned to by protocol stack interface module；
5, when multicast application is that multicast group increases/delete a multi-cast terminal, a multicast group addition/deletion life can be sent
It enables, after which receives, protocol stack interface module is transmitted to the processing of unicast transceiver module, and unicast transceiver module is logical
It crosses terminal contexts module and obtains terminal context information, build downstream packets, be transmitted to LoRa gateway interface resume modules, simultaneously
Unicast context, preservation/deletion multicast group identification are updated, then forwards a multicast group terminal to be added/delete to multicast sending module
Except message, multicast group address, Base Station Identification are carried；
6, multicast sending module receive multicast group terminal be added/delete message after, found on the multicast group by multicast group address
Hereafter, Base Station Identification is added in multicast group station list when increase, if had, to the base station, access times add 1；
The base station access times of multicast group station list are subtracted 1 when deletion, if to 0, delete the base station；
7, to each multi-cast terminal, once the base station of attachment changes, then unicast forwarding module is needed to multicast sending module
One multicast group terminal of forwarding changes message, carries multicast group address, old Base Station Identification, new Base Station Identification；After receiving, to old base
Station identifications are handled according to multicast group terminal deletion flow processing, to new Base Station Identification according to multicast group addition, preserve and multicast is whole
End is consistent；
8, multicast application sends multicast group order, and protocol stack interface module is transmitted to the processing of multicast sending module after receiving message,
Multicast sending module finds the multicast group context by multicast group address, builds downstream packets, is arranged by multicast group group base station
Table obtains all LoRaGW of downstream packets transmission, and downlink multicast packet is sent to each LoRaGW；
9, when multicast application discharges a multicast group, a multicast group resource release message, agreement are sent to network server
Stack interface module is transmitted to the processing of multicast sending module after receiving, multicast sending module first discharges multicast group to address management module
Then address discharges the multicast group context.
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