CN108306099A - A kind of antenna structure and the shaping method applied to the antenna structure - Google Patents

A kind of antenna structure and the shaping method applied to the antenna structure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108306099A
CN108306099A CN201710019038.7A CN201710019038A CN108306099A CN 108306099 A CN108306099 A CN 108306099A CN 201710019038 A CN201710019038 A CN 201710019038A CN 108306099 A CN108306099 A CN 108306099A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
antenna
cavity
narrow
gain
antenna structure
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Application number
CN201710019038.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李铁钧
尚斋荣
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Datang Mobile Communications Equipment Co Ltd
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Datang Mobile Communications Equipment Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201710019038.7A priority Critical patent/CN108306099A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2017/119975 priority patent/WO2018130097A1/en
Publication of CN108306099A publication Critical patent/CN108306099A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

An embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of antenna structure and applied to the shaping method of the antenna structure, which includes:The first cavity and the second cavity of symmetrical setting;The both ends of first cavity and the second cavity are installed on end cap respectively;Wherein, first antenna main body is provided in the first cavity, first antenna main body is narrow beam high-gain aerial or narrow beam low-gain antenna.To make antenna structure modularization, the antenna body in the first cavity and the second cavity can be arranged in user according to actual demand, so as to so that antenna more adapts to the demand of tunnel scene, realize the maximization of useful signal coverage area, and effectively improve the flexibility of antenna installation.

Description

Antenna structure and shaping method applied to antenna structure
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of communication, in particular to an antenna structure and a forming method applied to the antenna structure.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless networks, the current user requirements are to realize the full-scene full coverage of the networks. The tunnel scene is one of the difficulties to be overcome in the process of realizing the full-scene full-coverage target. The existing railway and highway tunnels in China are numerous, and the problem that the tunnel is called as a coverage difficulty lies in that: the tunnel space is cylindrical, the vehicle running speed is high, and the formed wind pressure is large; the wall thickness of the surrounding rocks is thick, and the external macro station cannot cover the surrounding rocks; the tunnels are long and narrow and are not uniform, and the scene is complex.
The antennas of the wireless device in the prior art are limited by a certain distance, and when the distance of the wireless device exceeds the limited distance, the external antennas are used for enhancing wireless signals, so that the purpose of extending transmission distance is achieved.
For the wireless communication coverage of the tunnel, antennas such as leaky-cable antennas, small plate antennas, log-periodic antennas, etc. are generally used in the industry to complete the communication coverage of the tunnel:
however, the existing tunnel antenna still has many disadvantages, such as:
1. leaky-cable antenna: the difficulty of continuous construction of extending edges inside a tunnel is high, the cost is high, and meanwhile, due to the fact that large transmission loss, coupling loss and the like exist, the coverage distance of a common leaky cable antenna connected with an information source is about 1 kilometer approximately.
2. Platelet antenna, log periodic antenna: the antenna coverage distance is short, the number of information sources and antennas which need to be consumed in a certain distance is large, and the deployment cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention discloses an antenna structure, which includes a first cavity and a second cavity symmetrically arranged left and right;
end covers are respectively arranged at two ends of the first cavity and the second cavity;
the first cavity is internally provided with a first antenna main body, and the first antenna main body is a narrow-beam high-gain antenna or a narrow-beam low-gain antenna.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sidewall of the first cavity is tightly combined with the sidewall of the second cavity.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the back surface of the first cavity and the back surface of the second cavity form a mounting surface of the antenna structure, and the mounting surface is a planar structure and is used for fixing the antenna structure to a tunnel wall.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the side surfaces of the first cavity and the second cavity are streamline curved surfaces.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a second antenna body is included in the second cavity, and the second antenna body is a narrow-beam high-gain antenna or a narrow-beam low-gain antenna.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first antenna body and the second antenna are combined in the following manner:
the first antenna body is a narrow-beam high-gain antenna, and the second antenna body is a narrow-beam high-gain antenna;
or,
the first antenna body is a narrow-beam high-gain antenna, and the second antenna body is a narrow-beam low-gain antenna;
or,
the first antenna body is a narrow-beam low-gain antenna, and the second antenna body is a narrow-beam high-gain antenna.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the second cavity does not include any antenna body therein; or,
the first antenna body is a narrow-beam low-gain antenna, and the second antenna body is a narrow-beam low-gain antenna.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first antenna body and the second antenna body include:
a metal plate;
a plurality of vibrators arranged on the metal plate in an array form;
and the power division plates are arranged on the metal plate and are connected with the vibrators through cables.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each of the plurality of vibrators includes a petal structure, and a guide piece disposed on the petal structure;
wherein, the petal structure is a symmetrical structure and consists of four metal sheets.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of vibrators are arranged at predetermined intervals in both the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a shaping method applied to the above antenna structure, the method including:
and adjusting the plurality of power division boards and the cable according to the acquired specified amplitude value and the specified phase value so as to acquire a specified output waveform.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises:
carrying out shaping operation on the horizontal direction oscillator in the array according to the horizontal plane lobe width and the vertical plane lobe width of the specified output waveform so as to obtain a corresponding weight coefficient and a first amplitude value and a first phase value of a first feed-in signal corresponding to the horizontal direction oscillator;
according to the weight coefficient, acquiring a second amplitude value and a second phase value of a second feed-in signal corresponding to the vertical-direction oscillator in the array;
multiplying the first amplitude value by the second amplitude value to obtain the specified amplitude value;
adding the first phase value and the second phase value to obtain the specified phase value.
Compared with the prior art, the antenna structure is modularized by arranging the first cavity and the second cavity which are in symmetrical structures, and a user can set the antenna main bodies in the first cavity and the second cavity according to actual requirements, so that the antenna can adapt to the requirements of a tunnel scene more, the coverage range of useful signals is maximized, and the flexibility of antenna installation is effectively improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive labor.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna body according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the radiation direction of the antenna structure in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an antenna waveform diagram of a narrow beam high gain antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an antenna waveform diagram of a narrow beam low gain antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a flowchart of a shaping method applied to the antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, where in fig. 1: the antenna structure 100 includes a first cavity 10 and a second cavity 20 disposed in bilateral symmetry.
Wherein, the end caps 30 are respectively installed at two ends of the first cavity 10 and the second cavity 20.
In the embodiment of the present invention, a first antenna body (not shown) is disposed in the first cavity 10, and the first antenna body is a narrow-beam high-gain antenna or a narrow-beam low-gain antenna.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, a specific structural schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, in fig. 2:
the end cap 30 includes: an upper end cap 31 and a lower end cap 32 corresponding to the first chamber 10, and an upper end cap 33 and a lower end cap 34 corresponding to the second chamber 20.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the side wall 11 of the first cavity 10 is tightly combined with the side wall 21 of the second cavity 20 (since fig. 2 is a disassembled schematic view of the antenna structure, the side walls are not tightly attached in fig. 2), so that the influence of the wind pressure in the tunnel on the antenna is effectively weakened.
The back surface 12 of the first cavity 10 and the back surface 22 of the second cavity 20 form a mounting surface of the antenna structure 100, and the mounting surface is a planar structure and is used for fixing the antenna structure 100 to a tunnel wall.
The side 13 of the first cavity 10 and the side 23 of the second cavity 20 are streamline curved surfaces, so that the wind pressure resistance of the antenna structure 100 is effectively improved, and the wind pressure applied to the antenna structure 100 in practical application is only about 0.6 times that of the antenna in the prior embodiment. In the embodiment of the present invention, the user may set the curvature of the streamline curved surface according to actual requirements, which is not limited in the present invention.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the first cavity 10 further comprises a plurality of mounting plates 14, the mounting plates 14 being used for fixing the antenna body 15 and the antenna structure 100 to the tunnel wall. The second cavity 20 also includes a mounting plate 24 and an antenna body 25. In one embodiment of the present invention, the antenna body may not be included in the second cavity 20.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna body 15 according to the embodiment of the present invention. In fig. 3:
the antenna main body 15 includes: a metal plate 151; a plurality of vibrators 152 disposed in an array on the front surface of the metal plate, a power splitting plate (not shown) disposed on the back surface of the metal plate, and a cable (not shown) connecting the power splitting plate and the plurality of vibrators 152. In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the number of the plurality of oscillators is only an illustrative example, and a user may set the number according to actual requirements, however, the arrangement manner of the plurality of oscillators needs to satisfy the following conditions:
1) the array includes a horizontal direction and a vertical direction, and this arrangement can effectively improve the beam forming effect of the antenna structure 100. In the embodiment of the invention, the number of the vibrators in the horizontal direction and the number of the vibrators in the vertical direction can be the same or different;
2) the vibrators in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction are arranged at a predetermined interval, thereby reducing mutual interference. In an embodiment of the invention, the predetermined interval ranges are: 0.5 lambda to 0.9 lambda. Wherein λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of the antenna.
With continued reference to fig. 3, the structure of each array 152 specifically includes:
a petal design 152a, and a guide tab 152b disposed on the petal design 152 a.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the petal design 152a is a symmetrical design, consisting of four metal sheets with a plurality of openings. The four metal sheets form the radiation arms of the antenna, wherein two diagonal radiation arms form one polarization of the antenna, so that the oscillator can form two modes of + 45-degree polarization and-45-degree polarization respectively.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the guide piece 152b may be circular, square, polygonal, etc., and the material is metal. The guide tabs 152b are secured by a support plastic member. One end of the plastic part is fixed to the metal plate through the opening of the metal plate, and the other end is fixed to the guide piece 152 b.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the radiation direction of the antenna structure, and fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the antenna structure 100 in elevation. In fig. 4:
the antenna radiation directions of the first antenna body 15 and the second antenna body 25 extend outwards, i.e. the radiation direction of the first antenna body 15 is opposite to the radiation direction of the second antenna body 25 and is parallel to the tunnel horizontal plane, the tunnel wall and the back of the antenna structure 100.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the first antenna body 15 may be a narrow beam high gain antenna or a narrow beam low gain antenna. The second antenna body 25 may be a narrow beam high gain antenna or a narrow beam low gain antenna. In the embodiment of the present invention, the left and right arrangement directions of the first antenna body 15 and the second antenna body 25 as shown in fig. 2 are merely illustrative examples.
In the embodiment of the present invention, an antenna waveform diagram of a narrow-beam high-gain antenna is shown in fig. 5, where in fig. 5:
the horizontal lobe width of the narrow-beam high-gain antenna is 20 +/-3 degrees, and the vertical lobe width is 20 +/-3 degrees. In other embodiments, the lobe width of the antenna may be adjusted by one skilled in the art based on factors such as the width of the actual tunnel, to maximize signal coverage and energy. In the embodiment of the invention, because the waveform of the narrow-beam high-gain antenna is similar to a rectangular wave, the antenna can be used as a coverage antenna in a tunnel, and the coverage can reach 1.6 kilometers for example.
In the embodiment of the present invention, an antenna waveform diagram of a narrow-beam low-gain antenna is shown in fig. 6, where in fig. 6:
the horizontal plane lobe width of the narrow-beam low-gain antenna is 20 +/-3 degrees, and the vertical plane lobe width is 65 +/-5 degrees. In other embodiments, the lobe width of the antenna may be adjusted by one skilled in the art based on factors such as the width of the actual tunnel, to maximize signal coverage and energy. In an embodiment of the present invention, the narrow beam low gain antenna may be used as a guiding antenna of the tunnel, i.e. disposed at the entrance and exit of the tunnel, for linking with the macro station. In the embodiment of the present invention, the narrow-beam low-gain antenna includes the built-in electrical downtilt angle, and an operator can control the coverage area of the antenna by adjusting the amplitude of the built-in electrical downtilt angle of the narrow-beam low-gain antenna, so as to further maximize the covered signal and energy.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the first antenna body 15 may be a narrow-beam high-gain antenna or a narrow-beam low-gain antenna, and the second antenna body 25 may be a narrow-beam high-gain antenna or a narrow-beam low-gain antenna, and in another embodiment, the second cavity may not include any antenna body therein, that is, the second cavity is an antenna housing (hereinafter referred to as an antenna model).
Therefore, the antenna type combinations of the first antenna body 15 and the second antenna body 25 are as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
In summary, the antenna structure in the embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages:
1) be provided with streamlined shell, promoted the holistic anti-wind pressure ability of antenna structure effectively.
2) The antenna has long signal and energy coverage distance, and the antenna waveform is similar to the shape of the tunnel, so that the signal and energy of useful coverage can be maximized.
3) Multiple antenna types are combined for use, and operating personnel can combine different antenna types according to different tunnel scenes, so that the actual requirements are met, and the flexibility of antenna installation is effectively improved.
4) Compared with the antenna in the prior art, the antenna structure in the embodiment of the invention can effectively reduce the requirement on the number of the antennas, thereby reducing the cost and saving the resources.
In the embodiment of the present invention, after the first antenna main body 15 and the second antenna main body 25 are formed, the antenna waveforms corresponding to the narrow-beam high-gain antenna and the narrow-beam low-gain antenna may be obtained only by performing a forming operation.
Therefore, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a forming method applied to the antenna structure, and as shown in fig. 7, a flowchart of the forming method applied to the antenna structure in the embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the method includes:
in step 701, according to the obtained specified amplitude value and specified phase value, a plurality of power division boards and cables are adjusted to obtain a specified output waveform.
Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method may further include:
carrying out shaping operation on the horizontal-direction oscillators in the array according to the horizontal-plane lobe width and the vertical-plane lobe width of the specified output waveform so as to obtain corresponding weight coefficients and a first amplitude value and a first phase value of a first feed-in signal corresponding to the horizontal-direction oscillators;
acquiring a second amplitude value and a second phase value of a second feed-in signal corresponding to the vertical-direction oscillator in the array according to the weight coefficient;
multiplying the first amplitude value by the second amplitude value to obtain a specified amplitude value;
the first phase value and the second phase value are added to obtain a specified phase value.
In order to make the forming method in the embodiments of the present invention better understood, the following detailed description is given with specific embodiments.
In the present embodiment, the schematic diagram of the antenna body shown in fig. 3 and the antenna body being a narrow-beam high-gain antenna are taken as examples for detailed description.
As described above, the waveform diagram of the narrow beam high gain antenna is shown in fig. 5. After obtaining the antenna structure shown in fig. 2, an operator performs a shaping operation on an antenna main body (i.e., the first antenna main body and/or the second antenna main body in the embodiment of the present invention). The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) according to the horizontal lobe width and the vertical lobe width of an output waveform of the narrow-beam high-gain antenna, shaping operation is carried out on a horizontal square oscillator of the antenna main body array, so that a corresponding weight coefficient, and a first amplitude value and a first phase value of a first feed-in signal corresponding to the horizontal oscillator are obtained.
2) And substituting the weight coefficient into the vertical-direction oscillator in the array, thereby obtaining a second amplitude value and a second phase value of a second feed-in signal corresponding to the vertical-direction oscillator.
3) And multiplying the first amplitude value by the second amplitude value to obtain the amplitude value of the excitation signal fed into each vibrator.
4) And multiplying the first phase value by the second phase value to obtain the phase value of the excitation signal fed into each oscillator.
5) According to the amplitude value and the phase value of the fed excitation signal, the feeding network on the back of the antenna body is adjusted, and the schematic diagram of the feeding network is shown in fig. 7. The specific adjustment mode is as follows: the adjustment of the amplitude of the excitation signal is realized by adjusting the power division board, and the phase value of the excitation signal is adjusted by adjusting the length of the cable. After the excitation signal fed into the antenna body is adjusted to the specified values in step 3) and step 4), the waveform output by the antenna body is the waveform shown in fig. 5.
In the embodiments of the present invention, the narrow-beam low-gain antenna is similar to the narrow-beam high-gain antenna, and the description thereof is omitted here.
In summary, the shaping method in the embodiment of the present invention shapes the antenna structure in the embodiment of the present invention, so that the antenna can form a rectangular beam-like radiation electromagnetic wave. The electromagnetic wave in the form can weaken the sidelobe interference and improve the wave beam sensitivity of the coverage area. In addition, the electromagnetic capacity of the rectangular beam is mainly concentrated in the beam range, so that the rectangular beam can be applied to long and narrow tunnels and other scenes, and long-distance coverage is realized.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
Finally, it should also be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The antenna structure and the forming method applied to the antenna structure provided by the present invention are described in detail above, and a specific example is applied in the text to explain the principle and the implementation of the present invention, and the description of the above embodiment is only used to help understanding the method of the present invention and the core idea thereof; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims (12)

1. An antenna structure is characterized by comprising a first cavity and a second cavity which are arranged in bilateral symmetry;
end covers are respectively arranged at two ends of the first cavity and the second cavity;
the first cavity is internally provided with a first antenna main body, and the first antenna main body is a narrow-beam high-gain antenna or a narrow-beam low-gain antenna.
2. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the side wall of the first cavity is tightly bonded to the side wall of the second cavity.
3. The antenna structure of claim 2, wherein the back surface of the first cavity and the back surface of the second cavity form a mounting surface of the antenna structure, and the mounting surface is a planar structure for fixing the antenna structure to a tunnel wall.
4. The antenna structure according to claim 3, characterized in that the side faces of the first cavity and the second cavity are streamline curved surfaces.
5. The antenna structure of claim 1, wherein a second antenna body is included in the second cavity, and the second antenna body is a narrow-beam high-gain antenna or a narrow-beam low-gain antenna.
6. The antenna structure according to claim 5, characterized in that the first antenna body and the second antenna are combined in the following way:
the first antenna body is a narrow-beam high-gain antenna, and the second antenna body is a narrow-beam high-gain antenna;
or,
the first antenna body is a narrow-beam high-gain antenna, and the second antenna body is a narrow-beam low-gain antenna;
or,
the first antenna body is a narrow-beam low-gain antenna, and the second antenna body is a narrow-beam high-gain antenna;
or,
the first antenna body is a narrow-beam low-gain antenna, and the second antenna body is a narrow-beam low-gain antenna.
7. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the second cavity does not comprise any antenna body therein.
8. The antenna structure of claim 5, wherein the first antenna body and the second antenna body comprise:
a metal plate;
a plurality of vibrators arranged on the metal plate in an array form;
and the power division plates are arranged on the metal plate and are connected with the vibrators through cables.
9. The antenna of claim 8, wherein each of the plurality of elements comprises a petal structure, and a director disposed on the petal structure;
wherein, the petal structure is a symmetrical structure and consists of four metal sheets.
10. The antenna of claim 8, wherein the plurality of elements are arranged at predetermined intervals in both the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
11. A shaping method applied to the antenna structure of claims 1-10, characterized in that the method comprises:
and adjusting the plurality of power division boards and the cable according to the acquired specified amplitude value and the specified phase value so as to acquire a specified output waveform.
12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
carrying out shaping operation on the horizontal direction oscillator in the array according to the horizontal plane lobe width and the vertical plane lobe width of the specified output waveform so as to obtain a corresponding weight coefficient and a first amplitude value and a first phase value of a first feed-in signal corresponding to the horizontal direction oscillator;
according to the weight coefficient, acquiring a second amplitude value and a second phase value of a second feed-in signal corresponding to the vertical-direction oscillator in the array;
multiplying the first amplitude value by the second amplitude value to obtain the specified amplitude value;
adding the first phase value and the second phase value to obtain the specified phase value.
CN201710019038.7A 2017-01-11 2017-01-11 A kind of antenna structure and the shaping method applied to the antenna structure Pending CN108306099A (en)

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PCT/CN2017/119975 WO2018130097A1 (en) 2017-01-11 2017-12-29 Antenna structure and shaping method applied to the antenna structure

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