CN108305974A - A kind of functional form lithium ion battery separator and preparation method thereof based on method of electrostatic spinning - Google Patents
A kind of functional form lithium ion battery separator and preparation method thereof based on method of electrostatic spinning Download PDFInfo
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- CN108305974A CN108305974A CN201810011324.3A CN201810011324A CN108305974A CN 108305974 A CN108305974 A CN 108305974A CN 201810011324 A CN201810011324 A CN 201810011324A CN 108305974 A CN108305974 A CN 108305974A
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium ion
- ion battery
- battery separator
- functional form
- electrostatic spinning
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of functional form lithium ion battery separator and preparation method thereof based on method of electrostatic spinning.The functional form lithium ion battery separator is using porous polyolefin diaphragm as basement membrane, and using the composite solution of organometalloid ion chelating agent and high-melting-point polymer as spinning solution, spinning is in formation coating on basement membrane.Lithium ion battery separator after coated, on the one hand due to the temperature tolerance (300 DEG C or so) of this height of high-melting-point polymer, when lithium ion battery is out of control, temperature increases, and basement membrane melts, but high-melting-point polymer stability is high, and the thermal safety of lithium ion battery can be substantially improved;In addition, organic ion chelating agent in mixing cospinning, which is coated on membrane surface, can pass through the strong combination of chelator molecule and metal ion, inside metal iron ion inclusion to chelating agent, become the compound of stable molecular weight bigger, to prevent metal iron ion from dissociating to battery cathode across lithium-ion membrane, and then be reduced to iron simple substance and cause battery micro-short circuit, avoid a series of safety problems.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to new energy materials fields, and in particular to a kind of functional form lithium ion battery based on method of electrostatic spinning
Diaphragm and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery separator refers to the membrane for polymer between lithium ion cell positive and cathode, is lithium ion battery
The part of most critical has a direct impact the safety and cost of battery.The type of battery is different, and the diaphragm of use is also different.It is right
In lithium battery series, the general polyolefin porous membrane for using high-strength thin-film.The main function of diaphragm is:Prevent positive and negative anodes straight
Contact forms short circuit;The lithium ion in liquid electrolyte is allowed to pass freely through;It has Self-closed hole protective effect, can be preferably
Protection battery is when overcharging or temperature increases, the raising of caused battery overheat and electric current, caused by preventing battery short circuit
Explosion, plays the role of safeguard protection to battery.And traditional porous polyolefin diaphragm is due to when fusing point itself is relatively low and stretches
It produces the factors such as stress and will produce serious thermal contraction when temperature is higher, cause battery short circuit.In addition, LiFePO4 conduct
A kind of anode material for lithium-ion batteries that purposes is wider, will appear when being synthetically prepared has three a small amount of oxygen in electrode material
Change two iron or iron simple substance, dissolving and fe precipitation on cathode of di-iron trioxide during charge and discharge cycles, and
The presence of fe can cause internal short-circuit of battery, can battery capacity drastically be declined.
For the bad problem of diaphragm thermal stability itself, much lithium power plant quotient use ceramic powder coating cathode at present
Pole piece or related material improves the safety of lithium battery with " ceramic powder " using ceramic diaphragm etc..In fact, ceramic powder
It is not " ceramics ", but the alumina particle of nanosizing.Just because of nano aluminium oxide thermal stability good in this way, it is considered
It is good heat-barrier material, major contribution can be made in the security performance for improving lithium ion battery.Such as patent
CN201511030136.8 disclose a kind of two outermost layer ceramic coatings, twice outer layer chloridized polyolefin coating and intermediate matrix every
The technical method of film, since chlorinated polyolefin hydrocarbon layers carry a large amount of polar group Cl-, can not only improve matrix diaphragm and ceramics
The adhesion strength of coating, and chloridized polyolefin and polypropylene and polyethylene etc. have similar crystal structure and size, thus
There is good bond performance to matrix diaphragm, to cohesive force between raising ceramic coating and base material diaphragm, play difficulty
To fall off, the effect that does not lose powder;Patent CN201310530048.9 discloses a kind of lithium containing poly-dopamine and ceramic coating
Ion battery diaphragm, the method being modified by membrane surface dopamine improve the binding ability between diaphragm and ceramic coating,
Greatly reduce the possibility that ceramic coating falls off;Document " preparation of novel lithium battery composite diaphragm and its chemical property table
Sign " is by the polyoxyethylene in the coating of battery diaphragm surface mixed with nano-titanium dioxide, to improve infiltration of the diaphragm to electrolyte
The heat resistance of ability and diaphragm.But high polymer binder softens lose cementitiousness at high temperature in this type coating, ceramics
Active force between particle and diaphragm strongly reduces and generates and fall off;Meanwhile this type coating septum body softening after lose according to
Attached to be individually present, the septum body fusing of larger area can lead to the dusting of coating, to be difficult to play in extreme case
The effect of lower barrier positive and negative anodes.
And for the micro-short circuit caused by there are problems that of iron in battery, patent CN201510576236.4 discloses one kind
The method generated without fe in ferric phosphate lithium cell preparation process, this method is first by the solution of potassium sulfate and calcium sulfate and acid
Solution three mixing prepared by zymotic fluid and potassium bichromate, silver sulfate, the concentrated sulfuric acid, after potassium phosphate, iron oxide, graphite powder are mixed
It is put into the high temperature furnace of reducing atmosphere and is calcined, you can obtain the lithium iron phosphate cell material that no fe generates.The party
Method introduces many additional raw material components, increases cost of manufacture and manufacture craft.And for iron ion in cyclic process
It is iron this process then without preferable solution to generate, dissociate to cathodic reduction.
Invention content
The present invention falls off for the ceramics of existing ceramic coated lithium-ion membrane, in iron phosphate lithium positive pole caused by iron simple substance
The problems such as internal short-circuit, provides a kind of functional form lithium ion battery separator based on method of electrostatic spinning, with high temperature tolerance and by force
Iron ion adsorption capacity, the thermal safety and capacity retention of lithium ion battery can be substantially improved.
The present invention be solve the problems, such as it is set forth above used by technical solution be:
A kind of functional form lithium ion battery separator based on method of electrostatic spinning, using porous polyolefin diaphragm as basement membrane, with
The composite solution of organometalloid ion chelating agent and high-melting-point polymer is that spinning solution spinning on basement membrane forms coating.
By said program, the mass ratio of organometalloid ion chelating agent and high-melting-point polymer is in the composite solution
1:10-1:100。
By said program, the gross mass of organometalloid ion chelating agent and high-melting-point polymer is dense in the composite solution
Degree is 14%-25%.
By said program, the porous olefin membrane thicknesses are 5-60um, porosity 30-50%;The coating
Thickness is 3-20um.
By said program, the organometalloid ion chelating agent be citric acid (CA), ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA),
Any one or a few in aminotriacetic acid (NTA), hydroxyethylethylene diamine tri-acetic acid (HEDTA) etc..
By said program, the molecular weight of the high-melting-point polymer is 3-30 ten thousand, and including but not limited to polypropylene is fine
(PAN), any one or a few in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyimides (PI), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) etc..
By said program, the porous olefin diaphragm is that dry method list draws polypropylene diaphragm, dry method are double to draw polypropylene diaphragm
Or any one in wet method polyethylene diagrams etc..
The preparation method of the present invention also provides the above-mentioned functional form lithium ion battery separator based on method of electrostatic spinning.Mainly
Step is:
1) preparation of spinning solution:Organometalloid ion chelating agent is mixed according to the ratio with high-melting-point polymer and is scattered in
In solvent, swelling is stood after stirring evenly, obtains spinning solution;
2) electrostatic spinning coats:Spinning solution obtained by step 1) is carried out on basement membrane porous polyolefin diaphragm single side or
Two-sided spinning is obtained using organometalloid ion chelating agent and high-melting-point polymer as the porous of mixed coating after drying
Alkene diaphragm, i.e. functional form lithium ion battery separator.
By said program, in step 1), the mass ratio of organometalloid ion chelating agent and high-melting-point polymer is 1:10-
1:100, the gross mass and solvent quality ratio of organometalloid ion chelating agent and high-melting-point polymer are 1:3-1:6.
By said program, in step 1), mixing speed 400-2000rpm, time 0.5-4h;Standing swelling time is
4-12h。
By said program, in step 1), the solvent is trifluoro formic acid, chloroform, n,N-Dimethylformamide etc.
In one kind or arbitrary several mixture.
By said program, in step 2), the condition of electrostatic spinning is:Temperature control is 10-35 DEG C, humid control 40-
75RH%;Spinning positive voltage is 30-50kV, negative voltage is -30~-10kV.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
First, the functional form lithium ion battery separator disclosed by the invention based on method of electrostatic spinning, the Gao Rong in coating
The fusing point (300 DEG C or so) of this height of point polymer, when lithium ion battery is out of control, temperature increases, and basement membrane melts, but high
Melting polymers stability is high, while the compatibility of high-melting-point polymer and porous polyolefin diaphragm preferably will not fall off, can
To keep the high temperature integrity of diaphragm, short circuit problem caused by positive and negative anodes contact is avoided, the heat peace of lithium ion battery is substantially improved
Quan Xing.
Secondly, the organometalloid ion chelating agent mixed in cospinning coating can pass through chelating agent coated on membrane surface
The strong combination of molecule and metal ion becomes stable molecular weight bigger inside metal iron ion inclusion to chelating agent
Compound, to prevent metal iron ion from dissociating to battery cathode across lithium-ion membrane, and then be reduced to iron simple substance and draw
Battery micro-short circuit is played, avoids a series of safety problems, while maintaining the prolonged capacity retention of battery.
Specific implementation mode
For a better understanding of the present invention, with reference to the embodiment content that the present invention is furture elucidated, but the present invention
Content is not limited solely to the following examples.
Embodiment 1
A kind of functional form lithium ion battery separator based on method of electrostatic spinning, drawing polypropylene diaphragm with dry method list, (thickness is
5um, porosity 30%) it is basement membrane, using the composite solution of citric acid (CA) and polypropylene fine (PAN) as spinning solution, spinning
In formation coating on basement membrane.Wherein, polymer poly acrylonitrile (PAN) molecular weight is 30,000, coating layer thickness 3um.
The preparation method of the above-mentioned functional form lithium ion battery separator based on method of electrostatic spinning, the specific steps are:
The first step, the preparation of spinning solution:By citric acid (CA) and polypropylene fine (PAN) in mass ratio 1:10 mixing dispersions
(gross mass and trifluoro formic acid ratio of citric acid (CA) and polypropylene fine (PAN) are 1 in trifluoro formic acid:3), with rotating speed
400rpm stirs 0.5h, rear to stand swelling 4h;
Second step, electrostatic spinning coating:Solution obtained by previous step is drawn in dry method list and carries out single side on polypropylene diaphragm
The condition of spinning, electrostatic spinning is:Temperature control is 10 DEG C, humid control 40RH%;Spinning positive voltage is 30kV, negative voltage
For -30kV;Obtain after drying fine (PAN) the mixed coating coating of citric acid (CA) and polypropylene dry method list draw polypropylene every
Film, i.e. functional form lithium ion battery separator.
In embodiment 1 and following other embodiments, porosity is measured using Gurley Permeability gauges;It is followed using ICP tests
Ring 1000 encloses the content of ferro element in cathode, and it for positive electrode, artificial graphite is cathode, 1mol/L to use LiFePO4
LiPF6/EC:DMC:DEC (v/v/v) is that electrolyte assembles button cell, with the speed liter of 0.1 DEG C/min in environmental test chamber
Temperature measures temperature when short circuit occurs using electrochemical workstation, is possessed with battery capacity after 1000 circle of blue electrical testing 1C cycles
Rate.Draw polypropylene diaphragm (thickness 5um, porosity 30%) for comparative example with uncoated dry method list, indices are shown in Table
1。
Embodiment 2
A kind of functional form lithium ion battery separator based on method of electrostatic spinning, dry method is double to draw polypropylene diaphragms (thickness is
60um, porosity 50%) it is basement membrane, the composite solution of ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is molten for spinning
Liquid, spinning is in formation coating on basement membrane.Wherein, polymer polyethylene alcohol (PVA) molecular weight is 300,000, and coating layer thickness is
20um。
The preparation method of the above-mentioned functional form lithium ion battery separator based on method of electrostatic spinning, the specific steps are:
The first step, the preparation of spinning solution:Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in mass ratio 1:100
Mixing is scattered in chloroform (the gross mass and chloroform ratio of ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
It is 1:6) 4h, is stirred with rotating speed 2000rpm, it is rear to stand swelling 12h;
Second step, electrostatic spinning coating:By the solution obtained by previous step dry method it is double draw carried out on polypropylene diaphragms it is two-sided
The condition of spinning, electrostatic spinning is:Temperature control is 35 DEG C, humid control 75RH%;Spinning positive voltage is 50kV, negative voltage
For 10kV;Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) is obtained after drying and double draw of dry method of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) mixed coating coating is gathered
Propylene diaphragm, i.e. functional form lithium ion battery separator.
Embodiment 3
A kind of functional form lithium ion battery separator based on method of electrostatic spinning, with wet method polyethylene diagrams (thickness 20um,
40%) porosity is for basement membrane, using the composite solution of aminotriacetic acid (NTA) and polyimides (PI) as spinning solution, spinning
In formation coating on basement membrane.Wherein, polymer polyimide (PI) molecular weight is 100,000, coating layer thickness 5um.
The preparation method of the above-mentioned functional form lithium ion battery separator based on method of electrostatic spinning, the specific steps are:
The first step, the preparation of spinning solution:By aminotriacetic acid (NTA) and polyimides (PI) in mass ratio 1:30 mixing
It is scattered in n,N-Dimethylformamide that (gross mass of aminotriacetic acid (NTA) and polyimides (PI) is 1 with solvent ratios:
4) 2h, is stirred with rotating speed 1200rpm, it is rear to stand swelling 6h;
Second step, electrostatic spinning coating:Solution obtained by previous step is subjected to single side spinning on wet method polyethylene diagrams,
The condition of electrostatic spinning is:Temperature control is 25 DEG C, humid control 55RH%;Spinning positive voltage is 40kV, negative voltage be-
20kV;The wet method polyethylene diagrams of aminotriacetic acid (NTA) and the coating of polyimides (PI) mixed coating are obtained after drying, i.e.,
Functional form lithium ion battery separator.
Embodiment 4
A kind of functional form lithium ion battery separator based on method of electrostatic spinning, drawing polypropylene diaphragm with dry method list, (thickness is
10um, porosity 32%) it is basement membrane, with hydroxyethylethylene diamine tri-acetic acid (HEDTA) and polyethylene terephthalate
(PET) composite solution of (molecular weight is 3-30 ten thousand) is spinning solution, and spinning is in formation coating on basement membrane.Wherein, polymer
Polypropylene fine (PAN), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyimides (PI), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) molecular weight are 15
Ten thousand, coating layer thickness 10um.
The preparation method of the above-mentioned functional form lithium ion battery separator based on method of electrostatic spinning, the specific steps are:
The first step, the preparation of spinning solution:By hydroxyethylethylene diamine tri-acetic acid (HEDTA) and polyethylene terephthalate
Ester (PET) in mass ratio 1:50 mixing be scattered in n,N-Dimethylformamide (hydroxyethylethylene diamine tri-acetic acid (HEDTA) with it is poly-
The gross mass and n,N-Dimethylformamide ratio of ethylene glycol terephthalate (PET) are 1:4) it, is stirred with rotating speed 1600rpm
3h, it is rear to stand swelling 10h;
Second step, electrostatic spinning coating:By the solution obtained by previous step dry method list draw polypropylene diaphragm on carry out it is two-sided
The condition of spinning, electrostatic spinning is:Temperature control is 30 DEG C, humid control 75RH%;Spinning positive voltage is 50kV, negative voltage
For -20kV;Hydroxyethylethylene diamine tri-acetic acid (HEDTA) is obtained after drying to mix with polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
The porous olefin diaphragm of coating coating, i.e. functional form lithium ion battery separator.
Functional form lithium ion battery separator experimental data based on method of electrostatic spinning prepared by 1 embodiment of table
Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Comparative example | |
Porosity | 40 | 38 | 45 | 52 | 28 |
Battery cathode iron content (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.1 |
Short-circuit temperature (DEG C) | 320 | 240 | 420 | 250 | 175 |
Capacity retention | 94.3 | 95.5 | 96.1 | 93.4 | 55 |
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that come for those of ordinary skill in the art
It says, without departing from the concept of the premise of the invention, several modifications and variations can also be made, these belong to the present invention's
Protection domain.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of functional form lithium ion battery separator based on method of electrostatic spinning, it is characterised in that it is with porous polyolefin diaphragm
Basement membrane, using the composite solution of organometalloid ion chelating agent and high-melting-point polymer as spinning solution, the spinning on basement membrane is formed
Coating.
2. a kind of functional form lithium ion battery separator based on method of electrostatic spinning according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The mass ratio of organometalloid ion chelating agent and high-melting-point polymer is 1 in the composite solution:10-1:100.
3. a kind of functional form lithium ion battery separator based on method of electrostatic spinning according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The total mass concentration of organometalloid ion chelating agent and high-melting-point polymer is 14%-25% in the composite solution.
4. a kind of functional form lithium ion battery separator based on method of electrostatic spinning according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The porous olefin membrane thicknesses are 5-60um, porosity 30-50%;The coating layer thickness is 3-20um.
5. a kind of functional form lithium ion battery separator based on method of electrostatic spinning according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The organometalloid ion chelating agent is citric acid, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, aminotriacetic acid, hydroxyethylethylene diamine tri-acetic acid
In any one or a few.
6. a kind of functional form lithium ion battery separator based on method of electrostatic spinning according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The molecular weight of the high-melting-point polymer is 3-30 ten thousand, and including but not limited to polypropylene is fine, polyvinyl alcohol, polyimides, gathers
Any one or a few in ethylene glycol terephthalate.
7. a kind of preparation method of the functional form lithium ion battery separator based on method of electrostatic spinning, it is characterised in that key step
For:
1) preparation of spinning solution:Organometalloid ion chelating agent is mixed with high-melting-point polymer and is scattered in solvent, is stirred
Swelling is stood after mixing uniformly, obtains spinning solution;
2) electrostatic spinning coats:Spinning solution obtained by step 1) is subjected to single or double on basement membrane porous polyolefin diaphragm
Spinning obtains functional form lithium ion battery separator after drying.
8. a kind of preparation method of functional form lithium ion battery separator based on method of electrostatic spinning according to claim 7,
It is characterized in that in step 1), mixing speed 400-2000rpm, time 0.5-4h;Standing swelling time is 4-12h.
9. a kind of preparation method of functional form lithium ion battery separator based on method of electrostatic spinning according to claim 7,
It is characterized in that in step 1), the solvent be one kind in trifluoro formic acid, chloroform, n,N-Dimethylformamide etc. or
Arbitrary several mixture.
10. a kind of preparation method of functional form lithium ion battery separator based on method of electrostatic spinning according to claim 7,
It is characterized in that in step 2), the condition of electrostatic spinning is:Temperature control is 10-35 DEG C, humid control 40-75RH%;It spins
Silk positive voltage is 30-50kV, negative voltage is -30~-10kV.
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