CN108303315A - Membrane material tensile mechanical properties test behaviour strain measurement method - Google Patents
Membrane material tensile mechanical properties test behaviour strain measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108303315A CN108303315A CN201810038978.5A CN201810038978A CN108303315A CN 108303315 A CN108303315 A CN 108303315A CN 201810038978 A CN201810038978 A CN 201810038978A CN 108303315 A CN108303315 A CN 108303315A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of film tensile mechanical properties test behaviour strain measurement methods, including：Rectangular mesh is drawn；Camera positions；Shooting sampling；Grid node extracts；Nodes Three-dimensional coordinate is calculated to be rebuild with grid point cloud；Triangular element divides；The triangular element length of side calculates；Strain calculation.Pass through aforesaid operations step, the present invention can measure thin-film material be uniaxially stretched, the dynamic whole audience Strain Distribution information in biaxial stretch-formed mechanics performance test, the deformation rule of membrane material can be accurately obtained, and accurately grasp the mechanical property of membrane material, important material parameter is provided for the design and analysis of membrane structure, ensures the design accuracy of membrane structure and safe to use.The advantages that present invention has non-contact, non-damaging, easy to operate, high degree of automation, efficient, at low cost, high certainty of measurement.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to measuring technique, construction material experimental technique fields, specifically, being a kind of membrane material stretching mechanical
The measurement method of energy test behaviour strain.
Background technology
Membrane material is a kind of emerging structural material, mainly there is thermoplastic film, coated fabric film and laminate layer film of fabric
Deng, have many advantages, such as translucency, lightweight, high intensity, durability, heat resistance, insulating properties, be widely used in modern building fabric neck
The industrial circles such as domain and Aeronautics and Astronautics, such as building membrane structure, aviation dirigible, super-pressure balloon, space flight parachute or soft
The main composition material of land system etc..However, the mechanical property of membrane material is complex, the normal table under uniaxial and biaxial stretch-formed state
It is now material nonlinearity, time-varying characteristics, non-resilient, anisotropy, viscoplasticity, amphicheirality etc..Therefore, to membrane material in stretching mechanical
Dynamic whole audience Strain Distribution in performance test measures, and can be accurately obtained the deformation rule of membrane material, and accurately slap
The mechanical property for holding membrane material provides important material parameter for the structure design and analysis of membrane structure, ensures the design of membrane structure
Precision and safe to use.Currently used measurement method mainly has contact extensometer mensuration, non-contact type extensometer to measure
Method and Digital-image correlation method method based on speckle.
Contact extensometer mensuration, key instrument include that large deformation tens(i)ometer, high-precision extensometer and contact pin type are extended
Meter, wherein large deformation tens(i)ometer and high-precision extensometer are mainly used in the mechanical property test that is uniaxially stretched of membrane material, contact pin type
Extensometer is mainly used in the biaxial stretch-formed mechanics performance test of membrane material.This method utilizes bare terminal end or the mark of syringe needle and membrane material
It is in contact and connects away from measurement line, in draw-texture process, bare terminal end or syringe needle are deformed with membrane material and moved, and pass through displacement
It measures to calculate the strain between membrane material gauge length.But the major defect of this method is：Contact with membrane material can influence measurement result,
Measurement accuracy is poor, and measuring range is smaller, and gauge length is relatively fixed, and can only measure the homogeneous strain between gauge length, cannot measure the whole audience
Strain.
Non-contact type extensometer mensuration includes mainly Video Extensometer and laser extensometer, can be applied to the list of membrane material
Axis and biaxial stretch-formed mechanics performance test.This method is become using the distance of optical principle two target spots between gauge length on membrane material test specimen
Change into line trace and measurement, and calculates the mean strain value between gauge length.But the major defect of this method is：Cost is higher,
The homogeneous strain between gauge length can only be measured, whole audience strain cannot be measured.
Digital-image correlation method method based on speckle makes random speckle, using camera to drawing on membrane material surface first
It stretches the membrane material test specimen during testing and carries out sampling of taking pictures, whole audience strain is calculated by comparing the variation of speckle.This method
Major defect is：Measurement accuracy depends on the quality of speckle, and the making of speckle is more difficult, while in the large deformation of membrane material
The phenomenon that Cheng Zhong, speckle has tearing and falls off, it is not particularly suited for the big strain measurement of membrane material.
Invention content
In order to overcome the shortcomings of in existing membrane material stretcher strain dynamic strain measurement mode, meets actual tests and measured
The requirement of efficiency, precision, dynamic, size and cost in journey, the present invention provides a kind of experiment of membrane material tensile mechanical properties is dynamic
State Strain Distribution measurement method can be applied to the membrane materials such as thermoplastic high molecular film, coated fabric film and laminate layer film of fabric
Uniaxial, biaxial stretch-formed mechanics performance test dynamic whole audience Strain Distribution measure, obtain high-precision measurement result.
Realize that the technical solution of the object of the invention is：A kind of membrane material tensile mechanical properties test behaviour Strain Distribution survey
Amount method, includes the following steps：
The first step, rectangular mesh are drawn.Before tension test, using inverse marking pen in membrane material surface rendering rectangular mesh.
Second step, camera positioning.After membrane material test specimen is mounted on cupping machine, Jiang Santai (or more) camera
It is equably erected at around test specimen, and wireless shutter remote-control device is installed on every camera.
Third walks, shooting sampling.Before the test in experiment overall process, by controlling coded telecommand device, erection is driven
Three (more) cameras carry out shooting sampling to membrane material test specimen simultaneously.
4th step, grid node extraction.The two-dimension picture information obtained in being walked to third carries out preliminary treatment, extraction deformation
Before, deformed rectangular mesh node.
5th step, Nodes Three-dimensional coordinate is calculated to be rebuild with grid point cloud.To the grid node that is extracted in the 4th step
On the basis of, the three-dimensional coordinate of whole nodes under each sampling instant is calculated using principle of triangulation, rebuilds grid point cloud.
6th step, triangular element divide.On the basis of the grid point cloud obtained in the 5th step, right angled triangle list is carried out
The division of member.
7th step, the triangular element length of side calculate.For the triangular element obtained by division in the 6th step, by the 5th
The Nodes Three-dimensional coordinate being calculated in step, further calculates the physical length on each side of triangular element.
8th step, strain calculation.Assuming that being divided in the 6th step, obtain the strain triangular element, i.e. answering in unit such as is
Variate is equal everywhere, first by the variation of each side vector length of triangle calculates Cauchy-Green's Deformation tensor, then to calculate glug bright
The maximum of triangular element, minimum logarithm principal strain can be finally calculated in day strain tensor.
Compared with prior art, the present invention its remarkable advantage is：
(1) this method carries out sampling of taking pictures using photogrammetric method, is a kind of non-contact, undamaged measurement side
Method, while camera shooting distance, focal length and sizing grid etc. can be adjusted according to the size of membrane material test specimen, not by sample dimensions
Limitation.
(2) this method drives more cameras to carry out sampling of taking pictures to test specimen simultaneously by controlling coded telecommand device, can use
In measurement dynamic strain.
(3) this method only needs to shoot test specimen in testing ground, easy to operate；Test data can be at the later stage
Reason, calculating process are completed by software, high degree of automation；Time of measuring and data processing time are shorter, and measurement efficiency is high.
(4) this method only needs to be shot using camera at the scene, required equipment and simple system, and
It may be reused, therefore use cost is relatively low.
(5) this method calculates the three-dimensional coordinate of grid node using principle of triangulation, and the theory is ripe, while to common
The distortion parameter of camera is calibrated, high certainty of measurement.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of concrete operation step of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the rectangular mesh drafting of membrane material single shaft and twin shaft test specimen.
Fig. 3 is that membrane material is uniaxially stretched camera orientation layout drawing with biaxial tension-compression strength.
Fig. 4 is grid node extraction.
Fig. 5 is grid point cloud and right angled triangle dividing elements.
Fig. 6 is the strain calculation geometry state of right angled triangle unit.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention be a kind of method being combined with mathematical analysis using optical measurement to membrane material in draw-texture process
The new method that measures of dynamic whole audience Strain Distribution.Present invention can apply to thermoplastic film, coated fabric film and pressures
The measurement of uniaxial, the biaxial stretch-formed mechanics performance test dynamic whole audience Strain Distributions of membrane materials such as layer film of fabric.
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, the invention will be further described.
The present invention proposes a kind of measurement method of membrane material tensile mechanical properties test behaviour strain, as shown in Figure 1.In membrane material
Be uniaxially stretched in biaxial stretch-formed mechanics performance test, when being measured to film surface dynamic whole audience Strain Distribution, by following behaviour
It is embodied as step：
The first step, rectangular mesh are drawn.Before tension test, painting for rectangular mesh is carried out on membrane material surface using marking pen
System, as shown in Figure 2.Membrane material will not be caused to damage to draw grid by the method that marking pen colours, it will not be to membrane material
Mechanical property impacts.For the color of marking pen depending on the actual color of membrane material, the two should have apparent difference.Rectangle
The direction of grid lines should be consistent with the Impact direction of membrane material, for uniaxial test specimen, a direction and the stretching side of rectangular mesh
To consistent, other direction is normal thereto；For twin shaft test specimen, the both direction of rectangular mesh respectively with two orthogonal stretching sides
To consistent.Spacing between the width and adjacent lines of rectangular mesh scribing line, can work as survey depending on membrane material sample dimensions size
When amount region is smaller, the spacing between the width and adjacent lines of grid lines can suitably reduce；When measured zone is larger, grid
Spacing between the width and adjacent lines of line can suitably increase.
Second step, camera positioning.After membrane material test specimen is mounted on cupping machine, Jiang Santai (or more) camera
It is equably erected at around test specimen, and wireless shutter remote-control device is installed on every camera, as shown in Figure 3.Camera can be
General camera or standard camera enable camera to capture whole rectangular mesh and guarantee by adjusting the focal length of camera
Clear enough, the focal length of camera should remain unchanged after determination, and general camera should carry out distortion parameter after determining focal length
Calibration.Camera quantity is at least three, ensures the precision of result of calculation.The position of camera should be uniformly distributed in membrane material test specimen
Around, the distance between camera and test specimen should meet the requirement that can take specimen test overall process, between adjacent cameras
Angle should be between 30 degree to 60 degree.
Third walks, shooting sampling.Before the test in experiment overall process, by controlling coded telecommand device, erection is driven
Three (more) cameras carry out shooting sampling to membrane material test specimen simultaneously, and the mode for shooting sampling can be to take pictures sampling and video is adopted
Sample.The synchronism that camera operating should be controlled coded telecommand device before the test is preheated and is calibrated, it is ensured that all cameras are adopted
The consistency of sample time.For the mode for sampling of taking pictures, the frequency taken pictures should be depending on the specific mechanical characteristic of membrane material.
4th step, grid node extraction.The two-dimension picture information obtained in being walked to third carries out preliminary treatment, extracts grid
Node, as shown in Figure 4.There is the rectangular grid drawn in the first step one fixed width, two grid lines intersections can obtain
Corresponding rectangle or parallelogram, the central point for extracting figure are used as grid node, be used for calculate node three-dimensional coordinate with
Rebuild grid point cloud.
5th step, Nodes Three-dimensional coordinate is calculated to be rebuild with grid point cloud.The grid node base extracted in the 4th step
On plinth, the three-dimensional coordinate of whole nodes under each sampling instant is calculated using principle of triangulation, is rebuild grid point cloud, is such as schemed
Shown in 5.
6th step, triangular element divide.On the basis of the grid point cloud rebuild in the 5th step, right angled triangle list is carried out
The division of member, as shown in Figure 5.For the membrane material test specimen under undeformed state before experiment, the grid drawn be rectangle, i.e., two
The grid lines in direction is mutually perpendicular to, and is at this time right angled triangle by dividing obtained triangular element.Under same point cloud, drawing
Certain regularity and continuity should be kept when dividing triangular element, should not include other nodes in triangular element.For not
With the grid point cloud of sampling instant, the triangular element of division should be consistent, and make it have identical angle point.
7th step, the triangular element length of side calculate.For the triangular element obtained by division in the 6th step, the 5th
On the basis of the Nodes Three-dimensional coordinate being calculated in step, the physical length on each side of triangular element is further calculated, such as Fig. 6 institutes
Show.The calculation formula of each length of side of triangle ABC units before being deformed is：
Wherein, l indicates that the initial length of side of triangular element, x, y, z indicate the initial three-dimensional coordinate of grid node.
Meanwhile the calculation formula of each length of side of triangular element after deformation is：
Wherein, l ' indicates the deformed length of side of triangular element, x ', y ', z ' indicates the deformed three-dimensional seat of grid node
Mark.
8th step, strain calculation.Assuming that the triangular element divided in the 6th step is to wait strain unit, i.e., in unit
Strain value it is equal everywhere, Cauchy-Green Deformation tensor C first calculated by the variation of each side vector length of triangle, then calculate
The most large and small logarithm principal strain of triangular element can be finally calculated, as shown in Figure 6 in Lagrange strain tensor E.According to
The definition of Cauchy-Green's Deformation tensor C：
By before calculating right angled triangle element deformation shown in Fig. 6, after deformation each side vector length variation, can obtain
Cauchy-each the components of Green's Deformation tensor C：
According to the relational expression of Lagrange strain tensor E and Cauchy-Green's Deformation tensor C：C=1+2E, therefore have E11=
(C11-1)/2、E22=(C22- 1)/2 and E12=E21=C12/ 2=C21/ 2, it can obtain：
Before arbitrary triangle is deformed, deformed each edge lengths be updated in above formula, can obtain：
So, corresponding principal strain tensor E1,2It can be calculated according to the following formula：
By Lagrangian principal strain tensor E1,2With the main Deformation tensor C of Cauchy-Green1,2Relational expression (l '/l)2=C1,2=
1+2E1,2, true maximum, the minimum principal strain ε of right angled triangle unit may finally be obtained1,2, it is expressed as：
Claims (8)
1. a kind of membrane material tensile mechanical properties test behaviour strain measurement method, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
The first step, grid drawing；Before tension test, grid drawing is carried out in membrane material surface of test piece using inverse marking pen；
Second step, camera positioning；After membrane material test specimen is mounted on cupping machine, N platform cameras are uniformly distributed and are erected at test specimen
Around, and wireless shutter remote-control device is installed on every camera；
Third walks, shooting sampling；Before the test in experiment overall process, by controlling coded telecommand device, the N platform phases of erection are driven
Machine carries out shooting sampling to membrane material test specimen simultaneously；The mode of shooting sampling is take pictures sampling or video sampling；
4th step, grid node extraction；The two-dimension picture information obtained in being walked to third carries out preliminary treatment, extracts grid section
Point；
5th step, Nodes Three-dimensional coordinate is calculated to be rebuild with grid point cloud；To the grid node extracted in the 4th step, three are utilized
Angular measurement principle calculates the three-dimensional coordinate of whole nodes under each sampling instant, rebuilds grid point cloud；
6th step, triangular element divide；On the basis of the grid point cloud obtained in the 5th step, right angled triangle unit is carried out
It divides；
7th step, the triangular element length of side calculate；For the triangular element obtained by division in the 6th step, by the 5th step
The Nodes Three-dimensional coordinate being calculated, further calculates the physical length on each side of triangular element；
8th step, strain calculation；If the strain units such as the triangular element divided in the 6th step is, i.e. strain in unit
Value is equal everywhere, first by the variation of each side vector length of triangle calculates Cauchy-Green Deformation tensor C, then to calculate glug bright
Day strain tensor E the maximum of triangular element, minimum logarithm principal strain is finally calculated.
2. membrane material tensile mechanical properties test behaviour strain measurement method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The first step
Described in the grid drawn be rectangle.
3. membrane material tensile mechanical properties test behaviour strain measurement method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described
In two steps, camera quantity N3, the angle between adjacent cameras makes the grid of drafting all occur between 30 degree to 60 degree
In the photo or video of different cameral shooting.
4. membrane material tensile mechanical properties test behaviour strain measurement method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Third walks
Described in measure the camera that uses be general camera or standard camera, general camera need to join after fixed focal length into line distortion
Number calibration.
5. membrane material tensile mechanical properties test behaviour strain measurement method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described
The wireless shutter remote-control device of N platforms is controlled using a coded telecommand device in three steps, is operated while realizing N platform cameras.
6. membrane material tensile mechanical properties test behaviour strain measurement method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：4th step
Described in grid node be grid lines crosspoint, grid node figure is rectangle or parallelogram, and grid node is extracted as
Extract the central point that grid lines intersects formed figure.
7. membrane material tensile mechanical properties test behaviour strain measurement method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：6th step
In when the grid point cloud that is obtained to different sampling instants carries out triangular element division, same triangular element should have consistent
Angle point.
8. membrane material tensile mechanical properties test behaviour strain measurement method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described
In six steps, right angled triangle dividing elements are carried out on undeformed grid point cloud before the test, and it is single as often strain to set the unit
Member, i.e. strain value in unit are equal everywhere.
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