CN1082990A - Design approach for relaxing thermostress of metal-ceramic gradient functional material - Google Patents
Design approach for relaxing thermostress of metal-ceramic gradient functional material Download PDFInfo
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- CN1082990A CN1082990A CN 93108448 CN93108448A CN1082990A CN 1082990 A CN1082990 A CN 1082990A CN 93108448 CN93108448 CN 93108448 CN 93108448 A CN93108448 A CN 93108448A CN 1082990 A CN1082990 A CN 1082990A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of function-graded material method for designing.This method is: according to material actual measurement physics value, the thermal stress that adopts FInite Element to resolve functionally gradient material (FGM) relaxes rule, the thermal stress of taking all factors into consideration functionally gradient material (FGM) relaxes the relation of the intensity at amplitude and maximum thermal stress occurrence positions and this place, obtained the MgO-Ni series gradient functional material is got P=1.0 as the optimal design result, to Ni
3The Al-TiC series gradient functional material is got P=1.2 as the optimal design result.
Description
The thermal stress that the present invention relates to the metal-ceramic function-graded material relaxes method for designing.
Development along with modern industrial technologies such as Aero-Space and atomic energy, requirement to material property is more and more higher, resemble space shuttle combustion chamber inwall and body surface material, its side is exposed under the high-temperature combustion gas about 2000K, and opposite side is in the cooling of liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen, and in use, material internal produces great thermal stress, cause material damage, traditional ceramics material, metal material and both composites all can not meet the demands.Therefore, since the late nineteen eighties, a kind of novel metal/ceramic composite-function-graded material in the world begins one's study, this material uses high performance ceramic material at its high temperature side, then use high-temperature alloy at low temperature, make the composition and performance in the middle of it be continuous variation and reach the purpose that the thermal stress that makes material internal relaxes, and then make material have good heat shock resistance characteristic and heat-proof quality from pottery to metal.
Because metal differs bigger with physics, chemistry, the mechanical property (as thermal coefficient of expansion, thermal conductivity, elastic modelling quantity, Poisson's ratio, intensity, wetability etc.) of pottery, therefore, in the cooling procedure of preparation function-graded material, can produce great thermal stress between the different levels or between the different component, and then the destruction that causes functionally gradient material (FGM).In order to relax this thermal stress that difference produced because of physical parameter, must keep metal and pottery on physics, chemistry and mechanical property, to have matched well, but the more important thing is: the structure optimization by thermal stress simulation and material on this basis, make functionally gradient material (FGM) have good thermal stress and relax performance, heat shock resistance characteristic, heat-proof quality and certain service life.This shows that the composition of functionally gradient material (FGM) distributes particularly important with structural design, it is the key that instructs complete functionally gradient material (FGM) preparation.
At present, function-graded material thermal stress simulation and the work of forming distribution design are just carried out, work seldom, generally adopt thermal stress profile exponent (thermal stress relaxes the amplitude maximum) hour in the world, as design principle, promptly hour composition distribution shape indices P of heat-obtaining stress [C=(X/d)
P, C: the volume content of arbitrary position pottery; X: the location coordinate of arbitrary gradient layer; D: the gross thickness of gradient layer; P: form the distribution shape index] composition control parameter during as material preparation.But the defective of thermal stress minimal design principle is: do not consider functionally gradient material (FGM) built-in thermal stress distribution situation, and the relation of the strength of materials of thermal stress level and occurrence positions.Though often the thermal stress minimum can not be prepared complete function-graded material.
Be described in detail the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is that the different thermal stress that distribute of forming of MgO-Ni series gradient functional material are calculated the result.
Fig. 2 is location of maximum stress and the corresponding FGM structure sheaf thereof under the different P values of MgO-Ni series gradient functional material.
Fig. 3 is Ni
3The relation of three main components of stress of Al-TiC series gradient functional material and P.
Fig. 4 is Ni
3The relation of Al-TiC series gradient functional material pure TiC side thermal stress and P.
The present invention is to the MgO-Ni system, select six kinds of different MgO-Ni composites of forming the content ratio, it is made standard specimen by certain technology sintering, measure its physical parameter (relative density, Young's modulus, bending strength, Poisson's ratio, coefficient of thermal expansion) and see Table 1, according to measurement result, be that functionally gradient material (FGM) carries out thermal stress calculating and structural design to MgO-Ni.Computation model is got the garden disk samples of actual fabrication, thickness 6mm, and diameter 30mm forms and to cut apart 15 layers, and sample is chilled to room temperature from 1000 ℃, and the physical parameter of model is taken as measured value, and the physical parameter of middle gradient layer is tried to achieve by the measured value interpolation.The value of P found that, to functionally gradient material (FGM) sample σ from 0.6～2.8 variation during calculating
ZZ, σ
QQ, σ
RrThree components of stress in the time of near P=1.8, present minimum, can obtain material thermal stress mitigation 70%(such as Fig. 1 that FInite Element calculates), but position (as Fig. 2) relation of maximum thermal stress occurrence positions under the different P values and corresponding gradient layer thereof knows, although during P=1.8, and σ
ZZ, σ
QQObtain minimum, but this be worth for 40MPa very be the allowance strength 42MPa of the gradient layer of 40Vol% near MgO content; When P=1.0, maximum stress is centered close in the pure metal Ni layer.This stress is far smaller than the observed strength 163MPa of pure metal Ni layer, is enough to bear this stress, on the basis of the allowance strength value of taking all factors into consideration thermal stress minimum and happening part thereof, rationally regulates the P value, makes maximum stress σ
ZZ, σ
QQThe gradient layer that is taken place is in the simple metal layer with high tensile, after component optimization, further considers the local tension that maximum thermal stress occurrence positions and pure ceramic side can bear, and determines the composition structure of functionally gradient material (FGM) at last.This be the control functionally gradient material (FGM) in preparation process, the structural design criterion of not destroying according to this criterion that we obtain, is got P=1 as design result, maximum thermal stress occurrence positions and pure ceramic side are subjected to combination property such as local tension for best.
The present invention is to Ni
3The Al-TiC system, the garden disk-like sample that designs a model and get actual fabrication, thickness 6mm, diameter 30mm is cut apart 11 layers along thickness direction.Sample is cooled to 25 ℃ from 1300 ℃, and the physical parameter of model is got measured value, and the physical parameter of middle gradient layer is tried to achieve by the measured value interpolation, gets garden dish section 1/2nd according to symmetry and calculates, and section is divided into unit such as 1250.The span of P found that except that P=0.2 does not have the thermal stress alleviation effects from 0.2～2.6 variation during calculating, and all the other form to distribute all the thermal stress alleviation effects, and figure (3) is the maximum tension stress value (σ that calculates
ZZ) max(σ
QQ) max(σ
) relation of max and P value, when P=1.1, the thermal stress minimum is 386MPa, and thermal stress relaxes the amplitude maximum, and the material stress that can obtain to calculate with limited method relaxes 43%.Figure (4) shows the stress value σ of pure TiC ceramic plane
ZZAnd σ
QQWith the variation of P value, with the increase of P value, pure TiC ceramic plane changes pressurized into from tension, and transition point is between P=1.1 and P=1.2, from figure (3) as can be seen: P=0.4, and 1.8,2.2 o'clock, it is less that thermal stress relaxes degree, so this design is not optimum; During P=0.6, though thermal stress mitigation degree reaches 40%, maximum stress this moment (400MPa) occurs in pure ceramic side, and surpasses pure ceramics strength, thereby this design is unsafe; During P=0.8, thermal stress relaxes degree 38%, though maximum thermal stress occurs in the very high gradient layer of intensity, the suffered tension of pure ceramic side is 240MPa, and very near its allowable stress, thereby this design also is irrational; During P=1.0, thermal stress mitigation degree is 35%, and the tension that pure ceramic side is subjected to is 84MPa, almost is equivalent to 1/3rd of pure ceramics strength, thereby neither optimal design; P=1.0 and P=1.3, during P=1.4, obviously neither be optimum, because although the former thermal stress relaxes the degree maximum, but ceramic plane is subjected to tension, and latter's ceramic plane pressure is big during than P=1.2, takes all factors into consideration thermal stress and relaxes the position that degree and maximum thermal stress are taken place, and we get P=1.2 as Ni
3The optimal design result of Al-TiC system, its maximum thermal stress occurrence positions and pure ceramic side are subjected to combination property the bests such as local tension.
So the result of above two functionally gradient material (FGM) system actual design can obtain the present invention's " function-graded material method for designing ".
Any metal-ceramic functionally gradient material (FGM) hybrid system relaxes on the structural design in thermal stress, as long as abide by method for designing of the present invention, designs and just can obtain the tabular functionally gradient material (FGM) in perfect sunken garden.
Table 1 different volumes is than (MgO/Ni) sintered body and physical parameter thereof
MgO content (vol%) 100 (A) 80 (B) 60 (C) 40 (D) 20 (E) 0 (F)
Relative density (%) 71 64 62 72 83 93
Young's modulus (GPa) 104 52 60 56 105 146
Bending strength (MPa) 74 49 29 42 108 163
Poisson's ratio 0.16 0.18 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.35
Coefficient of thermal expansion (* 10
-6) 12.8 12.9 13.5 14.3 14.5 15.1
Claims (3)
1, metal-ceramic function-graded material thermal stress relaxes method for designing, comprises the thermal stress minimal design, it is characterized in that also comprising:
A, carry out the designated layer Intensity Design by different thermal stress size distribution;
The optimal design of b, minimum thermal stress and occurrence positions relation thereof;
The compression of c, ceramic plane or zero stress optimal design.
2, relax method for designing according to the described metal-ceramic function-graded material of claim 1 thermal stress, it is characterized in that series gradient functional material MgO-Ni:
When P=1.8, can obtain the material thermal stress mitigation 70% that FInite Element calculates;
When P=1, the maximum thermal stress occurrence positions of this material and pure ceramic side are subjected to comprehensive ability the bests such as localized heat stress.
3, relax method for designing according to the described metal-ceramic function-graded material of claim 1 thermal stress, it is characterized in that Ni
3The Al-TiC series gradient functional material:
When P=1.1, the material thermal stress that can obtain to calculate with FInite Element relaxes 43%;
When P=1.2, the maximum thermal stress occurrence positions of this material and pure ceramic side are subjected to combination property the bests such as local tension.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 93108448 CN1082990A (en) | 1993-07-20 | 1993-07-20 | Design approach for relaxing thermostress of metal-ceramic gradient functional material |
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| CN 93108448 CN1082990A (en) | 1993-07-20 | 1993-07-20 | Design approach for relaxing thermostress of metal-ceramic gradient functional material |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109320206A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-02-12 | 广东金意陶陶瓷集团有限公司 | A kind of technique and foamed ceramic material of layering and zoning material cloth production foamed ceramic |
| CN114263664A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-04-01 | 大连理工大学 | High-efficient coupling mechanism who compromises to bear and thermal-insulated demand |
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1993
- 1993-07-20 CN CN 93108448 patent/CN1082990A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109320206A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-02-12 | 广东金意陶陶瓷集团有限公司 | A kind of technique and foamed ceramic material of layering and zoning material cloth production foamed ceramic |
| CN114263664A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-04-01 | 大连理工大学 | High-efficient coupling mechanism who compromises to bear and thermal-insulated demand |
| CN114263664B (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-09-13 | 大连理工大学 | High-efficient coupling mechanism who compromises to bear and thermal-insulated demand |
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